1
|
Zou M, Zhou H, Gu L, Zhang J, Fang L. Therapeutic Target Identification and Drug Discovery Driven by Chemical Proteomics. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:555. [PMID: 39194493 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Throughout the human lifespan, from conception to the end of life, small molecules have an intrinsic relationship with numerous physiological processes. The investigation into small-molecule targets holds significant implications for pharmacological discovery. The determination of the action sites of small molecules provide clarity into the pharmacodynamics and toxicological mechanisms of small-molecule drugs, assisting in the elucidation of drug off-target effects and resistance mechanisms. Consequently, innovative methods to study small-molecule targets have proliferated in recent years, with chemical proteomics standing out as a vanguard development in chemical biology in the post-genomic age. Chemical proteomics can non-selectively identify unknown targets of compounds within complex biological matrices, with both probe and non-probe modalities enabling effective target identification. This review attempts to summarize methods and illustrative examples of small-molecule target identification via chemical proteomics. It delves deeply into the interactions between small molecules and human biology to provide pivotal directions and strategies for the discovery and comprehension of novel pharmaceuticals, as well as to improve the evaluation of drug safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Letian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo T, Zhang H, Luo Y, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang G. Global Trends and Frontier in Research on Pancreatic Alpha Cells: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2013 to 2023. CLIN INVEST MED 2024; 47:23-39. [PMID: 38958477 DOI: 10.3138/cim-2024-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Over the past 20 years, much of the research on diabetes has focused on pancreatic beta cells. In the last 10 years, interest in the important role of pancreatic alpha cells in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which had previously received little attention, has grown. We aimed to summarize and visualize the hotspot and development trends of pancreatic alpha cells through bibliometric analysis and to provide research direction and future ideas for the treatment of diabetes and other islet-related diseases. METHODS We used two scientometric software packages (CiteSpace 6.1.R6 and VOSviewer1.6.18) to visualize the information and connection of countries, institutions, authors, and keywords in this field. RESULTS A total of 532 publications, published in 752 institutions in 46 countries and regions, were included in this analysis. The United States showed the highest output, accounting for 39.3% of the total number of published papers. The most active institution was Vanderbilt University, and the authors with highest productivity came from Ulster University. In recent years, research hotspots have concentrated on transdifferentiation, gene expression, and GLP-1 regulatory function. Visualization analysis shows that research hotspots mainly focus on clinical diseases as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms and related biochemical indicators. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a review and summary of the literature on pancreatic alpha cells through bibliometric and visual methods and shows research hotspot and development trends, which can guide future directions for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangde Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bavaresco A, Mazzeo P, Lazzara M, Barbot M. Adipose tissue in cortisol excess: What Cushing's syndrome can teach us? Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116137. [PMID: 38494065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare condition due to prolonged exposure to elevated circulating cortisol levels that features its typical phenotype characterised by moon face, proximal myopathy, easy bruising, hirsutism in females and a centripetal distribution of body fat. Given the direct and indirect effects of hypercortisolism, CS is a severe disease burdened by increased cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in which visceral adiposity plays a leading role. Although not commonly found in clinical setting, endogenous CS is definitely underestimated leading to delayed diagnosis with consequent increased rate of complications and reduced likelihood of their reversal after disease control. Most of all, CS is a unique model for systemic impairment induced by exogenous glucocorticoid therapy that is commonly prescribed for a number of chronic conditions in a relevant proportion of the worldwide population. In this review we aim to summarise on one side, the mechanisms behind visceral adiposity and lipid metabolism impairment in CS during active disease and after remission and on the other explore the potential role of cortisol in promoting adipose tissue accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bavaresco
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mazzeo
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Lazzara
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University-Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawabata K, Hosono M, Mori Y, Tsukamoto S, Ito S, Ando S, Kanagaki M. Steroids May Be Associated With Extensive Skeletal Muscle Uptake of 18 F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:1015-1020. [PMID: 37756474 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The possibility of steroid administration inducing the extensive skeletal muscle uptake (ESMU) of FDG in PET scans was investigated. METHODS From 8923 consecutive 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans taken at our hospital, 23 scans (15 patients) met adult age and ESMU-positive inclusion criteria. Among the 15 patients, 13 with both ESMU-positive and -negative scans were examined for association with steroid administration. RESULTS Extensive skeletal muscle uptake was associated with a history of steroid administration ( χ2 test: P = 0.001). Notably, 20 ESMU-positive scans and 11 ESMU-negative scans were significantly different, with 0 to 95 days (median, 18.5 days) and 0 to 708 days (median, 319.0 days) since the last steroid administration, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.003). A significant correlation was observed between mean skeletal muscle SUV max and the number of days since the last steroid administration (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, ρ = -0.501, P = 0.004). Specifically, the degree of ESMU tended to decrease over time, after steroid administration. From multiple regression analysis, the number of days since the last steroid administration was significantly associated with mean SUV max ( P = 0.007), but the blood glucose level was not significant ( P = 0.204), revealing that the number of days since the last steroid administration was an independent risk factor. Multicollinearity was low (the variance inflation factor was 1.007 for both the number of days since the last steroid administration and blood glucose levels). CONCLUSIONS Steroid administration within months before PET may be one cause of ESMU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuna Kawabata
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo
| | - Makoto Hosono
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Division of Medical Information Technology and Administration Planning, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Suzune Tsukamoto
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo
| | - Shunsuke Ito
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo
| | - Saya Ando
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo
| | - Mitsunori Kanagaki
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Hyogo
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh P, Kaur L, Ghose S, Varshney S, Jyothi V, Ghosh S, Kommineni P, Kv S, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Chandak GR, Sengupta S. Maternal-Periconceptional Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Wistar Rats Leads to Sex-Specific Programming for Cardiometabolic Disease Risk in the Next Generation. J Nutr 2023; 153:3382-3396. [PMID: 37660953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency plays a vital role in fetal programming, as corroborated by previous studies on murine models and longitudinal human cohorts. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the effects of diet-induced maternal vitamin B12 deficiency on F1 offspring in terms of cardiometabolic health and normalization of these effects by maternal-periconceptional vitamin B12 supplementation. METHODS A diet-induced maternal vitamin B12 deficient Wistar rat model was generated in which female rats were either fed a control AIN-76A diet (with 0.01 g/kg vitamin B12) or the same diet with vitamin B12 removed. Females from the vitamin B12-deficient group were mated with males on the control diet. A subset of vitamin B12-deficient females was repleted with vitamin B12 on day 1 of conception. The offspring in the F1 generation were assessed for changes in body composition, plasma biochemistry, and molecular changes in the liver. A multiomics approach was used to obtain a mechanistic insight into the changes in the offspring liver. RESULTS We showed that a 36% reduction in plasma vitamin B12 levels during pregnancy in F0 females can lead to continued vitamin B12 deficiency (60%-70% compared with control) in the F1 offspring and program them for cardiometabolic adversities. These adversities, such as high triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were seen only among F1 males but not females. DNA methylome analysis of the liver of F1 3-mo-old offspring highlights sexual dimorphism in the alteration of methylation status of genes critical to signaling processes. Proteomics and targeted metabolomics analysis confirm that sex-specific alterations occur through modulations in PPAR signaling and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. Repletion of deficient mothers with vitamin B12 at conception normalizes most of the molecular and biochemical changes. CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency has a programming effect on the next generation and increases the risk for cardiometabolic syndrome in a sex-specific manner. Normalization of the molecular risk markers on vitamin B12 supplementation indicates a causal role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Lovejeet Kaur
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India; Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Subhoshree Ghose
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Swati Varshney
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vislavath Jyothi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Shamsudheen Kv
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Giriraj Ratan Chandak
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shah A, Wondisford FE. Gluconeogenesis Flux in Metabolic Disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2023; 43:153-177. [PMID: 37603427 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-061121-091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is a critical biosynthetic process that helps maintain whole-body glucose homeostasis and becomes altered in certain medical diseases. We review gluconeogenic flux in various medical diseases, including common metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, specific inborn genetic errors, and cancer. We discuss how the altered gluconeogenic activity contributes to disease pathogenesis using data from experiments using isotopic tracer and spectroscopy methodologies. These in vitro, animal, and human studies provide insights into the changes in circulating levels of available gluconeogenesis substrates and the efficiency of converting those substrates to glucose by gluconeogenic organs. We highlight ongoing knowledge gaps, discuss emerging research areas, and suggest future investigations. A better understanding of altered gluconeogenesis flux may ultimately identify novel and targeted treatment strategies for such diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; ,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delangre E, Pommier G, Tolu S, Uzan B, Bailbé D, Movassat J. Lithium treatment mitigates the diabetogenic effects of chronic cortico-therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114895. [PMID: 37224758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the main treatment for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and are also used as immunosuppressive therapy for patients with organ transplantation. However, these treatments have several side effects, including metabolic disorders. Indeed, cortico-therapy may induce insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, disrupted insulin and glucagon secretion, excessive gluconeogenesis, leading to diabetes in susceptible individuals. Recently, lithium has been shown to alleviate deleterious effects of GCs in various diseased conditions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, using two rat models of GC-induced metabolic disorders, we investigated the effects of Lithium Chloride (LiCl) in the mitigation of deleterious effects of GCs. Rats were treated either with corticosterone or dexamethasone, and with or without LiCl. Animals were then assessed for glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, in vivo and ex vivo glucose-induced insulin secretion and hepatic gluconeogenesis. KEY RESULTS We showed that in rats chronically treated with corticosterone, lithium treatment markedly reduced insulin resistance. In addition, in rats treated with dexamethasone, lithium administration improved glucose tolerance, associated with enhanced insulin secretion in vivo. Moreover, liver gluconeogenesis was reduced upon LiCl treatment. The improvement of insulin secretion in vivo appeared to be due to an indirect regulation of β cell function, since the ex vivo assessment of insulin secretion and β cell mass in islets from animals treated with LiCl revealed no difference compared to untreated animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, our data provide evidences for the beneficial effects of lithium to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of chronic cortico-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Delangre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pommier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UFR Sciences du Vivant, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Uzan
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbé
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li M, Zhang J, Yang G, Zhang J, Han M, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Effects of Anterior Pituitary Adenomas' Hormones on Glucose Metabolism and Its Clinical Implications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:409-424. [PMID: 36816815 PMCID: PMC9937076 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s397445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas have recently become more common and their incidence is increasing yearly. Functional pituitary tumors commonly secrete prolactin, growth hormones, and adrenocorticotropic hormones, which cause diseases such as prolactinoma, acromegaly, and Cushing's disease, but rarely secrete luteinizing, follicle-stimulating, thyroid-stimulating, and melanocyte-stimulating hormones. In addition to the typical clinical manifestations of functional pituitary tumors caused by excessive hormone levels, some pituitary tumors are also accompanied by abnormal glucose metabolism. The effects of these seven hormones on glucose metabolism are important for the treatment of diabetes secondary to pituitary tumors. This review focuses on the effects of hormones on glucose metabolism, providing important clues for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guimei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Yunfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- Yunfeng Liu, Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18703416196, Email
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Salehidoost R, Korbonits M. Glucose and lipid metabolism abnormalities in Cushing's syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13143. [PMID: 35980242 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) has adverse systemic effects leading to significant morbidities and an increase in mortality. Metabolic alterations associated with the high level of the GCs are key risk factors for the poor outcome. These include GCs causing excess gluconeogenesis via upregulation of key enzymes in the liver, a reduction of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue by inhibiting the insulin receptor signalling pathway, and inhibition of insulin secretion in beta cells leading to dysregulated glucose metabolism. In addition, chronic GC exposure leads to an increase in visceral adipose tissue, as well as an increase in lipolysis resulting in higher circulating free fatty acid levels and in ectopic fat deposition. Remission of hypercortisolism improves these metabolic changes, but very often does not result in full resolution of the abnormalities. Therefore, long-term monitoring of metabolic variables is needed even after the resolution of the excess GC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Salehidoost
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Coadministration of sitagliptin or metformin has no major impact on the adverse metabolic outcomes induced by dexamethasone treatment in rats. Life Sci 2021; 286:120026. [PMID: 34627773 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Glucocorticoids (GC) in excess cause glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia due to their diabetogenic actions. Conceptually, antidiabetic drugs should attenuate these side effects. Thus, we evaluated whether the coadministration of metformin or sitagliptin (or both) with dexamethasone could attenuate GC-induced adverse effects on metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male rats were treated for 5 consecutive days with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, body mass (bm), intraperitoneally). Additional groups were coadministered with metformin (300 mg/kg, bm, by oral gavage (og)) or sitagliptin (20 mg/kg, bm, og) or with both compounds in combination. The day after the last treatments, rats were submitted to glucose tolerance tests, pyruvate tolerance test, and euthanized for biometric, biochemical, morphologic, and molecular analyses. KEY FINDINGS Dexamethasone treatment resulted in reduced body mass and food intake, increased blood glucose and plasma insulin, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, pyruvate intolerance, and increased hepatic content of glycogen and fat. Sitagliptin coadministration improved glucose tolerance compared with the control group, an effect paralleled with higher levels of active GLP-1 during an oral GTT. Overall, sitagliptin or metformin coadministration did not prevent any of the dexamethasone-induced metabolic disturbances. SIGNIFICANCE Coadministration of sitagliptin or metformin result in no major improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism altered by dexamethasone treatment in male adult rats.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Q, Zhou J, Pan Y, Ju H, Zhu L, Liu Y, Zhang Y. The difference between steroid diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT study. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1383-1393. [PMID: 32647998 PMCID: PMC7547981 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Steroid diabetes mellitus (SDM) is a metabolic syndrome caused by an increase in glucocorticoids, and its pathogenesis is unclear. 18F-FDG PET/CT can reflect the glucose metabolism of tissues and organs under living conditions. Here, PET/CT imaging of SDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was used to visualize changes in glucose metabolism in the main glucose metabolizing organs and investigate the pathogenesis of SDM. METHODS SDM and T2DM rat models were established. During this time, PET/CT imaging was used to measure the %ID/g value of skeletal muscle and liver to evaluate glucose uptake. The pancreatic, skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SDM rats showed increased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, hyperplasia of islet α and β cells, increased FDG uptake in skeletal muscle accompanied by an up-regulation of PI3Kp85α, IRS-1, and GLUT4, no significant changes in liver uptake, and that glycogen storage in the liver and skeletal muscle increased. T2DM rats showed atrophy of pancreatic islet β cells and decreased insulin levels, significantly reduced FDG uptake and glycogen storage in skeletal muscle and liver. CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of SDM is different from that of T2DM. The increased glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle may be related to the increased compensatory secretion of insulin. Glucocorticoids promote the proliferation of islet α cells and cause an increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver, which may cause increased blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinxin Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huijun Ju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
In utero exposure to dexamethasone programs the development of the pancreatic β- and α-cells during early postnatal life. Life Sci 2020; 255:117810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
13
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Impairment of glucose metabolism is commonly encountered in Cushing's syndrome. It is the source of significant morbidity and mortality even after successful treatment of Cushing's. This review is to understand the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus from excess cortisol. RECENT FINDINGS In-vitro studies have led to significant advancement in understanding the molecular effects of cortisol on glucose metabolism. Some of these findings have been translated with human data. There is marked reduction in insulin action and glucose disposal with a concomitant, insufficient increase in insulin secretion. Cortisol has a varied effect on adipose tissue, with increased lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue in the extremities, and increased lipogenesis in visceral and subcutaneous truncal adipose tissue. SUMMARY Cushing's syndrome results in marked impairment in insulin action and glucose disposal resulting in hyperglycemia. Further studies are required to understand the effect on incretin secretion and action, gastric emptying, and its varied effect on adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Sharma
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahimi L, Rajpal A, Ismail-Beigi F. Glucocorticoid-Induced Fatty Liver Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1133-1145. [PMID: 32368109 PMCID: PMC7171875 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s247379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly used at high doses and for prolonged periods (weeks to months) in the treatment of a variety of diseases. Among the many side effects are increased insulin resistance with disturbances in glucose/insulin homeostasis and increased deposition of lipids (mostly triglycerides) in the liver. Here, we review the metabolic pathways of lipid deposition and removal from the liver that become altered by excess glucocorticoids. Pathways of lipid deposition stimulated by excess glucocorticoids include 1) increase in appetite and high caloric intake; 2) increased blood glucose levels due to GC-induced stimulation of gluconeogenesis; 3) stimulation of de novo lipogenesis that is augmented by the high glucose and insulin levels and by GC itself; and 4) increased release of free fatty acids from adipose stores and stimulation of their uptake by the liver. Pathways that decrease hepatic lipids affected by glucocorticoids include a modest stimulation of very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis and secretion into the circulation and inhibition of β-oxidation of fatty acids. Role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases-1 and -2 and the reversible conversion of cortisol to cortisone on intracellular levels of cortisol is examined. In addition, GC control of osteocalcin expression and the effect of this bone-derived hormone in increasing insulin sensitivity are discussed. Finally, research focused on gaining a better understanding of the dose and duration of treatment with glucocorticoids, which leads to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver, and the reversibility of the condition is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leili Rahimi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aman Rajpal
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Natividade da Silva F, Brunetta HS, Bruxel MA, Gomes FA, Rafacho A. Impact of glucocorticoid treatment before pregnancy on glucose homeostasis of offspring exposed to glucocorticoid in adult life. Life Sci 2019; 237:116913. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
16
|
Gomes FA, Flores RA, Bruxel MA, da Silva FN, Moreira ELG, Zoccal DB, Prediger RD, Rafacho A. Glucose Homeostasis Is Not Affected in a Murine Model of Parkinson's Disease Induced by 6-OHDA. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1020. [PMID: 30686986 PMCID: PMC6333712 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a mutual relationship between metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the causal relationship in this crosstalk is unclear and whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) causes a posterior impact on metabolism remains unknown. Considering that, this study aimed to evaluate the appearance of possible changes in metabolic homeostasis due to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administration, a neurotoxin that damage dopaminergic neurons leading to motor impairments that resemble the ones observed in PD. For this, male Wistar rats received bilateral 6-OHDA administration in the dorsolateral striatum, and the motor and metabolic outcomes were assessed at 7, 21, or 35 days post-surgical procedure. Dexamethasone, a diabetogenic glucocorticoid (GC), was intraperitoneally administered in the last 6 days to challenge the metabolism and reveal possible metabolic vulnerabilities caused by 6-OHDA. Controls received only vehicles. The 6-OHDA-treated rats displayed a significant decrease in locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, and motor coordination 7 and 35 days after neurotoxin administration. These motor impairments paralleled with no significant alteration in body mass, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and biochemical parameters (plasma insulin, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol levels) until the end of the experimental protocol on days 35–38 post-6-OHDA administration. Moreover, hepatic glycogen and fat content, as well as the endocrine pancreas mass, were not altered in rats treated with 6-OHDA at the day of euthanasia (38th day after neurotoxin administration). None of the diabetogenic effects caused by dexamethasone were exacerbated in rats previously treated with 6-OHDA. Thus, we conclude that bilateral 6-OHDA administration in the striatum causes motor deficits in rats with no impact on glucose and lipid homeostasis and does not exacerbate the adverse effects caused by excess GC. These observations indicate that neurodegeneration of dopaminergic circuits in the 6-OHDA rats does not affect the metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Azevedo Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rafael Appel Flores
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maciel Alencar Bruxel
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia Natividade da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Breseghello Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soriano S, Castellano-Muñoz M, Rafacho A, Alonso-Magdalena P, Marroquí L, Ruiz-Pino A, Bru-Tarí E, Merino B, Irles E, Bello-Pérez M, Iborra P, Villar-Pazos S, Vettorazzi JF, Montanya E, Luque RM, Nadal Á, Quesada I. Cortistatin regulates glucose-induced electrical activity and insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic beta-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:123-132. [PMID: 30261212 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there is growing evidence that cortistatin regulates several functions in different tissues, its role in the endocrine pancreas is not totally known. Here, we aim to study the effect of cortistatin on pancreatic beta-cells and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Exposure of isolated mouse islets to cortistatin inhibited GSIS. This effect was prevented using a somatostatin receptor antagonist. Additionally, cortistatin hyperpolarized the membrane potential and reduced glucose-induced action potentials in isolated pancreatic beta-cells. Cortistatin did not modify ATP-dependent K+ (KATP) channel activity. In contrast, cortistatin increased the activity of a small conductance channel with characteristics of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels. The cortistatin effects on membrane potential and GSIS were largely reduced in the presence of a GIRK channel antagonist and by down-regulation of GIRK2 with small interfering RNA. Thus, cortistatin acts as an inhibitory signal for glucose-induced electrical activity and insulin secretion in the mouse pancreatic beta-cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Soriano
- Departament of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Manuel Castellano-Muñoz
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, And Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Departamento de Biología Aplicada, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Laura Marroquí
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Antonia Ruiz-Pino
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Eva Bru-Tarí
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Esperanza Irles
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | | | - Pau Iborra
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Jean F Vettorazzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain; Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Iván Quesada
- Institut of Bioengineering, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Araujo TR, da Silva JA, Vettorazzi JF, Freitas IN, Lubaczeuski C, Magalhães EA, Silva JN, Ribeiro ES, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, Bonfleur ML, Ribeiro RA. Glucose intolerance in monosodium glutamate obesity is linked to hyperglucagonemia and insulin resistance in α cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7019-7031. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R. Araujo
- Campus UFRJ‐Macaé, Universidade Federal do R io de Janeiro Macaé Brazil
| | - Joel A. da Silva
- Campus UFRJ‐Macaé, Universidade Federal do R io de Janeiro Macaé Brazil
| | - Jean F. Vettorazzi
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Juliana N. Silva
- Campus UFRJ‐Macaé, Universidade Federal do R io de Janeiro Macaé Brazil
| | - Elane S. Ribeiro
- Campus UFRJ‐Macaé, Universidade Federal do R io de Janeiro Macaé Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Maria L. Bonfleur
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) Cascavel Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Niu L, Chen Q, Hua C, Geng Y, Cai L, Tao S, Ni Y, Zhao R. Effects of chronic dexamethasone administration on hyperglycemia and insulin release in goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 29568520 PMCID: PMC5855938 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, is among the most commonly used drugs worldwide in animals and humans as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. GC has profound effects on plasma glucose level and other metabolic conditions. However, the effect of prolonged use of Dex on glucose metabolism in ruminants is still unclear. Results Ten goats were randomly assigned to two groups: the control goats were injected with saline, and the Dex-treated goats were intramuscularly injected daily for 21 d with 0.2 mg/kg Dex. The results showed that plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly increased after Dex administration (P < 0.05). Additionally, the content of hepatic glycogen was also markedly increased in Dex-treated goats (P < 0.01), while the content of glycogen in dorsal longissimus was unchanged by Dex (P > 0.05). The expression of several key genes, involved in blood glucose regulation, was detected by real-time PCR in the small intestine, skeletal muscle and liver. The expression of glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and sodium-potassium ATPase (Na-K/ATPase) in the small intestine were generally increased by Dex, and GLUT2 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). In liver, the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis including glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC), cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK1) and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), were significantly down-regulated by Dex. However, the protein expression levels of PCK1 & PCK2 were significantly increased by Dex, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation. In dorsal longissimus, the mRNA expression of genes associated with gluconeogenesis and the insulin signaling pathway were generally up-regulated by Dex, but the mRNA expression of two markers of muscle atrophy, namely F-box protein 32 (FBXO32/Atrogin1) and muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF1), was not altered by Dex. Conclusions Taken together, these results indicate that chronic administration of a low dosage of Dex induces hyperglycemia mainly through gluconeogenesis activation in the goat liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Qu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Canfeng Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Liuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
de Souza Cardoso J, Oliveira PS, Bona NP, Vasconcellos FA, Baldissarelli J, Vizzotto M, Soares MSP, Ramos VP, Spanevello RM, Lencina CL, Tavares RG, Stefanello FM. Antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic effects of Brazilian-native fruit extracts in an animal model of insulin resistance. Redox Rep 2017; 23:41-46. [PMID: 29088999 PMCID: PMC6748693 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1375709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in the
development of many diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the aim of
the present study was to evaluate the effects of the extracts from fruits native
to Brazil on metabolic parameters and hepatic oxidative markers in an animal
model of insulin resistance induced by dexamethasone (DEX). Methods: Wistar rats received water or extracts of Eugenia
uniflora or Psidium cattleianum, once a day for 21
days. For the last 5 days, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of
saline or DEX. Results: DEX caused a reduction in body weight gain and relative
pancreatic weight, as well as glucose intolerance, and an increase in serum
glucose and triacylglycerol levels. The extracts were found to prevent
hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. DEX caused an increase in the levels of
thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and reactive oxygen species production
in the liver of rats, and both extracts prevented these changes. In addition,
hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was reduced by DEX. However, total thiol
content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and
delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase were not altered in any of the tested
groups. Conclusion: Fruit extracts of E. uniflora and
P. cattleianum exhibited considerable
antihyperglycemic, antidyslipidemic, and antioxidant effects, and may be useful
in the therapeutic management of alterations due to IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliane de Souza Cardoso
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Pathise Souto Oliveira
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Natália Pontes Bona
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Flávia Aleixo Vasconcellos
- b Laboratório de Química Aplicada a Bioativos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Jucimara Baldissarelli
- c Laboratório de Enzimologia Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Marcia Vizzotto
- d Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária , Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Clima Temperado , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Mayara Sandrielly Pereira Soares
- e Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Plasse Ramos
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Roselia Maria Spanevello
- e Laboratório de Neuroquímica, Inflamação e Câncer, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Claiton Leoneti Lencina
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Rejane Giacomelli Tavares
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| | - Francieli Moro Stefanello
- a Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos , Universidade Federal de Pelotas , Pelotas , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation and Interruption of Fructose Ingestion on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis of Rats Drinking Different Concentrations of Fructose. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4378328. [PMID: 28929113 PMCID: PMC5591931 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4378328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. Continuous fructose consumption may cause elevation of circulating triacylglycerol. However, how much of this alteration is reverted after the removal of fructose intake is not known. We explored this question and compared the efficacy of this approach with fish oil supplementation. Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), fructose (F) (water intake with 10% or 30% fructose for 9 weeks), fish oil (FO), and fructose/fish oil (FFO). Fish oil was supplemented only for the last 33 days of fructose ingestion. Half of the F group remained for additional 8 weeks without fructose ingestion (FR). Results. Fructose ingestion reduced food intake to compensate for the increased energy obtained through water ingestion, independent of fructose concentration. Fish oil supplementation exerted no impact on these parameters, but the removal of fructose from water recovered both ingestion behaviors. Plasma triacylglycerol augmented significantly during the second and third weeks (both fructose groups). Fish oil supplementation did not attenuate the elevation in triacylglycerol caused by fructose intake, but the interruption of sugar consumption normalized this parameter. Conclusion. Elevation in triacylglyceridemia may be recovered by removing fructose from diet, suggesting that it is never too late to repair improper dietary habits.
Collapse
|
22
|
Scaroni C, Zilio M, Foti M, Boscaro M. Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:189-219. [PMID: 28368467 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An impaired glucose metabolism, which often leads to the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a common complication of chronic exposure to exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) excess and plays an important part in contributing to morbidity and mortality in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS). This article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of changes in glucose metabolism associated with hypercortisolism, addressing both the pathophysiological aspects and the clinical and therapeutic implications. Chronic hypercortisolism may have pleiotropic effects on all major peripheral tissues governing glucose homeostasis. Adding further complexity, both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms are directly induced by GCs in a context-specific and cell-/organ-dependent manner. In this paper, the discussion focuses on established and potential pathologic molecular mechanisms that are induced by chronically excessive circulating levels of GCs and affect glucose homeostasis in various tissues. The management of patients with CS and DM includes treating their hyperglycemia and correcting their GC excess. The effects on glycemic control of various medical therapies for CS are reviewed in this paper. The association between DM and subclinical CS and the role of screening for CS in diabetic patients are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Scaroni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Zilio
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology & Metabolism, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Genèva, Switzerland
| | - Marco Boscaro
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Battiston FG, Dos Santos C, Barbosa AM, Sehnem S, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR, Anselmo-Franci JA, Lima FB, Rafacho A. Glucose homeostasis in rats treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is not worsened by dexamethasone treatment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:170-181. [PMID: 27264932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
4-vinilcyclohexene diepoxide (4-VCD) causes premature ovarian failure and may result in estrogen deficiency, characterizing the transition to estropause in rodents (equivalent to menopause in women). Estropause/menopause is associated with metabolic derangements such as glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known to exert diabetogenic effects. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether rats with premature ovarian failure are more prone to the diabetogenic effects of GC. For this, immature female rats received daily injections of 4-VCD [160mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally (i.p.)] for 15 consecutive days, whereas control rats received vehicle. After 168days of the completion of 4-VCD administration, rats were divided into 4 groups: CTL-received daily injections of saline (1mL/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; DEX-received daily injections of dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) for 5days; VCD-treated as CTL group; VCD+DEX-treated as DEX group. Experiments and euthanasia occurred one day after the last dexamethasone injection. 4-VCD-treated rats exhibited ovary hypotrophy and reduced number of preantral follicles (p<0.05). Premature ovarian failure had no impact on the body weight gain or food intake, but both were reduced by the effects of dexamethasone. The increase in blood glucose, plasma insulin and triacylglycerol levels as well as the reduction in insulin sensitivity caused by dexamethasone treatment was not exacerbated in the VCD+DEX group of rats. Premature ovarian failure did change neither the hepatic content of glycogen and triacylglycerol nor the glycerol release from perigonadal adipose tissue. Glucose intolerance was observed in the VCD group after an ipGTT (p<0.05), but not after an oral glucose challenge. Glucose intolerance and compensatory pancreatic β-cell mass caused by GC were not modified by ovarian failure in the VCD+DEX group. We conclude that reduced ovarian function has no major implications on the diabetogenic effects promoted by GC treatment, indicating that other factors related to aging may make rats more vulnerable to GC side effects on glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Garghetti Battiston
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sibele Sehnem
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, Univ. Estadual Paulista-IBILCE/UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo University-USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Barbosa Lima
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dunford EC, Mandel ER, Mohajeri S, Haas TL, Riddell MC. Metabolic effects of prazosin on skeletal muscle insulin resistance in glucocorticoid-treated male rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R62-R73. [PMID: 27834289 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00146.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-dose glucocorticoids (GC) induce skeletal muscle atrophy, insulin resistance, and reduced muscle capillarization. Identification of treatments to prevent or reverse capillary rarefaction and metabolic deterioration caused by prolonged elevations in GCs would be therapeutically beneficial. Chronic administration of prazosin, an α1-adrenergic antagonist, increases skeletal muscle capillarization in healthy rodents and, recently, in a rodent model of elevated GCs and hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prazosin administration would improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, through prazosin-mediated sparing of capillary rarefaction, in this rodent model of increased GC exposure. Prazosin was provided in drinking water (50 mg/l) to GC-treated or control rats (400 mg implants of either corticosterone or a wax pellet) for 7 or 14 days (n = 5-14/group). Whole body measures of glucose metabolism were correlated with skeletal muscle capillarization (C:F) at 7 and 14 days in the four groups of rats. Individual C:F was found to be predictive of insulin sensitivity (r2 = 0.4781), but not of glucose tolerance (r2 = 0.1601) and compared with water only, prazosin treatment decreased insulin values during oral glucose challenge by approximately one-third in corticosterone (Cort)-treated animals. Cort treatment, regardless of duration, induced significant glycolytic skeletal muscle atrophy (P < 0.05), decreased IRS-1 protein content (P < 0.05), and caused elevations in FOXO1 protein expression (P < 0.05), which were unaffected with prazosin administration. In summary, it appears that α1-adrenergic antagonism improves Cort-induced skeletal muscle vascular impairments and reduces insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test, but is unable to improve the negative alterations directly affecting the myocyte, including muscle size and muscle signaling protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Dunford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin R Mandel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sepideh Mohajeri
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara L Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Muscle Health Research Center and Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Impact of Glucocorticoid Excess on Glucose Tolerance: Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6030024. [PMID: 27527232 PMCID: PMC5041123 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that exert important physiological actions on metabolism. Given that GCs also exert potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions, synthetic GCs such as prednisolone and dexamethasone were developed for the treatment of autoimmune- and inflammatory-related diseases. The synthetic GCs are undoubtedly efficient in terms of their therapeutic effects, but are accompanied by significant adverse effects on metabolism, specifically glucose metabolism. Glucose intolerance and reductions in insulin sensitivity are among the major concerns related to GC metabolic side effects, which may ultimately progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. A number of pre-clinical and clinical studies have aimed to understand the repercussions of GCs on glucose metabolism and the possible mechanisms of GC action. This review intends to summarize the main alterations that occur in liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreatic islets in the context of GC-induced glucose intolerance. For this, both experimental (animals) and clinical studies were selected and, whenever possible, the main cellular mechanisms involved in such GC-side effects were discussed.
Collapse
|
26
|
Protzek AOP, Rezende LF, Costa-Júnior JM, Ferreira SM, Cappelli APG, de Paula FMM, de Souza JC, Kurauti MA, Carneiro EM, Rafacho A, Boschero AC. Hyperinsulinemia caused by dexamethasone treatment is associated with reduced insulin clearance and lower hepatic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:1-8. [PMID: 26386462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoid treatment induces insulin resistance (IR), which is counteracted by a compensatory hyperinsulinemia, due to increased pancreatic β-cell function. There is evidence for also reduced hepatic insulin clearance, but whether this correlates with altered activity of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the liver, is not fully understood. Here, we investigated whether hyperinsulinemia, in glucocorticoid-treated rodents, is associated with any alteration in the insulin clearance and activity of the IDE in the liver. MATERIALS/METHODS Adult male Swiss mice and Wistar rats were treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone intraperitoneally [1mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] for 5 consecutive days. RESULTS Glucocorticoid treatment induced IR and hyperinsulinemia in both species, but was more impactful in rats that also displayed glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia. Insulin clearance was reduced in glucocorticoid-treated rats and mice, as judged by the reduction of insulin decay rate and increased insulin area-under-the-curve (47% and 87%, respectively). These results were associated with reduced activity (35%) of hepatic IDE in rats and a tendency to reduction (p=0.068) in mice, without alteration in hepatic IDE mRNA content, in both species. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the reduced insulin clearance in glucocorticoid-treated rodents was due to the reduction of hepatic IDE activity, at least in rats, which may contributes to the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. These findings corroborate the idea that short-term and/or partial inhibition of IDE activity in the liver could be beneficial for the glycemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Otávio Peres Protzek
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Rezende
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Maria Costa-Júnior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Mara Ferreira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gameiro Cappelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flávia Maria Moura de Paula
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jane Cristina de Souza
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian Ayumi Kurauti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Everardo Magalhães Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil; Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Barbosa AM, Francisco PDC, Motta K, Chagas TR, Dos Santos C, Rafacho A, Nunes EA. Fish oil supplementation attenuates changes in plasma lipids caused by dexamethasone treatment in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 41:382-90. [PMID: 26939043 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid that may alter glucose and lipid homeostasis when administered in high doses or for long periods of time. Omega-3 fatty acids, present in fish oil (FO), can be used as potential modulators of intermediary glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, we evaluate the effects of FO supplementation (1 g·kg(-1) body weight (BW)) on glucose and lipid metabolism in rats treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg·kg(-1) BW) for 15 days. Adult male Wistar rats were distributed among 4 groups: control (saline, 1 mL·kg(-1) BW and mineral oil, 1 g·kg(-1) BW), DEX (dexamethasone and mineral oil), FO (fish oil and saline), and DFO (fish oil and dexamethasone). Dexamethasone and saline were administered intraperitoneally, and fish oil and mineral oil were administered by gavage. We evaluated functional and molecular parameters of lipid and glycemic profiles at 8 days and at the end of treatment. FO supplementation increased hepatic docosahexaenoic acid (DEX: 5.6% ± 0.7%; DFO: 10.5% ± 0.8%) and eicosapentaenoic acid (DEX: 0.3% ± 0.0%; DFO: 1.3% ± 0.1%) contents and attenuated the increase of plasma triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in DFO rats compared with DEX rats. These effects seem not to depend on hepatic expression of insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. There was no effect of supplementation on body weight loss, fasting glycemia, and glucose tolerance in rats treated with dexamethasone. In conclusion, we show that FO supplementation for 15 days attenuates the dyslipidemia induced by dexamethasone treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,b Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Cássia Francisco
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Katia Motta
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Thayz Rodrigues Chagas
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Everson Araújo Nunes
- a Laboratory of Investigation in Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,b Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Elrick MM, Samson WK, Corbett JA, Salvatori AS, Stein LM, Kolar GR, Naatz A, Yosten GLC. Neuronostatin acts via GPR107 to increase cAMP-independent PKA phosphorylation and proglucagon mRNA accumulation in pancreatic α-cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 310:R143-55. [PMID: 26561648 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00369.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronostatin (NST) is a recently described peptide that is produced from the somatostatin preprohormone in pancreatic δ-cells. NST has been shown to increase glucagon secretion from primary rat pancreatic islets in low-glucose conditions. Here, we demonstrate that NST increases proglucagon message in α-cells and identify a potential mechanism for NST's cellular activities, including the phosphorylation of PKA following activation of the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR107. GPR107 is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, particularly, in rodent and human α-cells. Compromise of GPR107 in pancreatic α-cells results in failure of NST to increase PKA phosphorylation and proglucagon mRNA levels. We also demonstrate colocalization of GPR107 and NST on both mouse and human pancreatic α-cells. Taken together with our group's observation that NST infusion in conscious rats impairs glucose clearance in response to a glucose challenge and that plasma levels of the peptide are elevated in the fasted compared with the fed or fasted-refed state, these studies support the hypothesis that endogenous NST regulates islet cell function by interacting with GPR107 and initiating signaling in glucagon-producing α-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mollisa M Elrick
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John A Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison S Salvatori
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lauren M Stein
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Aaron Naatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis by Glucocorticoids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26215992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2895-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones that regulate multiple aspects of glucose homeostasis. Glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in liver, whereas in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue they decrease glucose uptake and utilization by antagonizing insulin response. Therefore, excess glucocorticoid exposure causes hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Glucocorticoids also regulate glycogen metabolism. In liver, glucocorticoids increase glycogen storage, whereas in skeletal muscle they play a permissive role for catecholamine-induced glycogenolysis and/or inhibit insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Moreover, glucocorticoids modulate the function of pancreatic α and β cells to regulate the secretion of glucagon and insulin, two hormones that play a pivotal role in the regulation of blood glucose levels. Overall, the major glucocorticoid effect on glucose homeostasis is to preserve plasma glucose for brain during stress, as transiently raising blood glucose is important to promote maximal brain function. In this chapter we will discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying different aspects of glucocorticoid-regulated mammalian glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Ferraù F, Korbonits M. Metabolic comorbidities in Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:M133-57. [PMID: 26060052 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) patients have increased mortality primarily due to cardiovascular events induced by glucocorticoid (GC) excess-related severe metabolic changes. Glucose metabolism abnormalities are common in CS due to increased gluconeogenesis, disruption of insulin signalling with reduced glucose uptake and disposal of glucose and altered insulin secretion, consequent to the combination of GCs effects on liver, muscle, adipose tissue and pancreas. Dyslipidaemia is a frequent feature in CS as a result of GC-induced increased lipolysis, lipid mobilisation, liponeogenesis and adipogenesis. Protein metabolism is severely affected by GC excess via complex direct and indirect stimulation of protein breakdown and inhibition of protein synthesis, which can lead to muscle loss. CS patients show changes in body composition, with fat redistribution resulting in accumulation of central adipose tissue. Metabolic changes, altered adipokine release, GC-induced heart and vasculature abnormalities, hypertension and atherosclerosis contribute to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In paediatric CS patients, the interplay between GC and the GH/IGF1 axis affects growth and body composition, while in adults it further contributes to the metabolic derangement. GC excess has a myriad of deleterious effects and here we attempt to summarise the metabolic comorbidities related to CS and their management in the perspective of reducing the cardiovascular risk and mortality overall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ferraù
- Centre for Endocrinology William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Motta K, Barbosa AM, Bobinski F, Boschero AC, Rafacho A. JNK and IKKβ phosphorylation is reduced by glucocorticoids in adipose tissue from insulin-resistant rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 145:1-12. [PMID: 25268311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peripheral insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main side effects caused by glucocorticoid (GC)-based therapies, and the molecular mechanisms of GC-induced IR are not yet fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of dexamethasone treatment on the main components of insulin and inflammatory signaling in the adipose tissue of rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Male Wistar rats received daily injections of dexamethasone (1mg/kg body weight (b.w.), intraperitoneally (i.p.)) for 5 days (DEX), whereas control rats received saline (CTL). The metabolic status was investigated, and the epididymal fat fragments were collected for lipolysis and western blot analyses. RESULTS The DEX rats became hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, insulin resistant and glucose intolerant, compared with the CTL rats (P<0.05). The basal glycerol release in the fat fragments was 1.5-fold higher in the DEX rats (P<0.05). The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) at ser(473) decreased by 44%, whereas, the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at ser(307) increased by 93% in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats after an oral bolus of glucose (P<0.05). The basal phosphorylation of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (IKKβ) proteins was reduced by 46% and 58%, respectively, in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats (P<0.05). This was paralleled with a significant reduction (47%) in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein content in the adipose tissue of the DEX rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The insulin-resistant status of rats induced by dexamethasone administration have PKB and IRS-1 activity attenuated in epididymal fat without increases in the phosphorylation of the proinflammatory signals JNK and IKKβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Motta
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marreiro Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Nutrition, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Boschero
- Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rafacho A, Ortsäter H, Nadal A, Quesada I. Glucocorticoid treatment and endocrine pancreas function: implications for glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:R49-62. [PMID: 25271217 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are broadly prescribed for numerous pathological conditions because of their anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and immunosuppressive effects, among other actions. Nevertheless, GCs can produce undesired diabetogenic side effects through interactions with the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Under conditions of excess and/or long-term treatment, GCs can induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR) by impairing insulin signalling, which results in reduced glucose disposal and augmented endogenous glucose production. In addition, GCs can promote abdominal obesity, elevate plasma fatty acids and triglycerides, and suppress osteocalcin synthesis in bone tissue. In response to GC-induced peripheral IR and in an attempt to maintain normoglycaemia, pancreatic β-cells undergo several morphofunctional adaptations that result in hyperinsulinaemia. Failure of β-cells to compensate for this situation favours glucose homeostasis disruption, which can result in hyperglycaemia, particularly in susceptible individuals. GC treatment does not only alter pancreatic β-cell function but also affect them by their actions that can lead to hyperglucagonaemia, further contributing to glucose homeostasis imbalance and hyperglycaemia. In addition, the release of other islet hormones, such as somatostatin, amylin and ghrelin, is also affected by GC administration. These undesired GC actions merit further consideration for the design of improved GC therapies without diabetogenic effects. In summary, in this review, we consider the implication of GC treatment on peripheral IR, islet function and glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rafacho
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Henrik Ortsäter
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Angel Nadal
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Department of Physiological SciencesCenter of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, BrazilDepartment of Clinical Science and EducationSödersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, SE-11883 Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Bioengineering and the Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM)Miguel Hernández University, University Avenue s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| |
Collapse
|