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Pastor WA, Kwon SY. Distinctive aspects of the placental epigenome and theories as to how they arise. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:569. [PMID: 36287261 PMCID: PMC9606139 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The placenta has a methylome dramatically unlike that of any somatic cell type. Among other distinctions, it features low global DNA methylation, extensive “partially methylated domains” packed in dense heterochromatin and methylation of hundreds of CpG islands important in somatic development. These features attract interest in part because a substantial fraction of human cancers feature the exact same phenomena, suggesting parallels between epigenome formation in placentation and cancer. Placenta also features an expanded set of imprinted genes, some of which come about by distinctive developmental pathways. Recent discoveries, some from far outside the placental field, shed new light on how the unusual placental epigenetic state may arise. Nonetheless, key questions remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Pastor
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
| | - Sin Young Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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2
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Dogan F, Aljumaily RMK, Kitchen M, Forsyth NR. DNMT3B Is an Oxygen-Sensitive De Novo Methylase in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:1032. [PMID: 33925659 PMCID: PMC8145390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of physiological oxygen (physoxia) concentrations is becoming increasingly commonplace within a mammalian stem cell culture. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attract widespread interest for clinical application due to their unique immunomodulatory, multi-lineage potential, and regenerative capacities. Descriptions of the impact of physoxia on global DNA methylation patterns in hMSCs and the activity of enzymatic machinery responsible for its regulation remain limited. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs, passage 1) isolated in reduced oxygen conditions displayed an upregulation of SOX2 in reduced oxygen conditions vs. air oxygen (21% O2, AO), while no change was noted for either OCT-4 or NANOG. DNA methylation marks 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) showed decreases in 2% O2 environment (workstation) (2% WKS). DNMT3B (DNA methyltransferase 3B) and TET1 (Ten-eleven translocation enzyme 1) displayed reduced transcription in physoxia. Consistent with transcriptional downregulation, we noted increased promoter methylation levels of DNMT3B in 2% WKS accompanied by reduced DNMT3B and TET1 protein expression. Finally, a decrease in HIF1A (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1A) gene expression in 2% WKS environment correlated with protein levels, while HIF2A was significantly higher in physoxia correlated with protein expression levels vs. AO. Together, these data have demonstrated, for the first time, that global 5mC, 5hmC, and DNMT3B are oxygen-sensitive in hMSCs. Further insights into the appropriate epigenetic regulation within hMSCs may enable increased safety and efficacy development within the therapeutic ambitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Dogan
- The Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK; (F.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Rakad M Kh Aljumaily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 17635, Iraq;
| | - Mark Kitchen
- The Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK; (F.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- The Guy Hilton Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK; (F.D.); (M.K.)
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3
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Role of transcription complexes in the formation of the basal methylation pattern in early development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10387-10391. [PMID: 30257947 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804755115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following erasure in the blastocyst, the entire genome undergoes de novo methylation at the time of implantation, with CpG islands being protected from this process. This bimodal pattern is then preserved throughout development and the lifetime of the organism. Using mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system, we demonstrate that the binding of an RNA polymerase complex on DNA before de novo methylation is predictive of it being protected from this modification, and tethering experiments demonstrate that the presence of this complex is, in fact, sufficient to prevent methylation at these sites. This protection is most likely mediated by the recruitment of enzyme complexes that methylate histone H3K4 over a local region and, in this way, prevent access to the de novo methylation complex. The topological pattern of H3K4me3 that is formed while the DNA is as yet unmethylated provides a strikingly accurate template for modeling the genome-wide basal methylation pattern of the organism. These results have far-reaching consequences for understanding the relationship between RNA transcription and DNA methylation.
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Sidler C, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Epigenetic Regulation of Cellular Senescence and Aging. Front Genet 2017; 8:138. [PMID: 29018479 PMCID: PMC5622920 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by functional decline of diverse organs and an increased risk for several diseases. Therefore, a high interest exists in understanding the molecular mechanisms that stimulate aging at all levels, from cells and tissues to organs and organisms, in order to develop ways to promote healthy aging. While many molecular and biochemical mechanisms are already understood in some detail, the role of changes in epigenetic regulation has only begun to be considered in recent years. The age-dependent global reduction in heterochromatin, along with site-specific changes in the patterns of DNA methylation and modification of histones, have been observed in several aging model systems. However, understanding of the precise role of such changes requires further research. In this review, we will discuss the role of epigenetic regulation in aging and indicate future research directions that will help elucidate the mechanistic details of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Sidler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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McCallie BR, Parks JC, Patton AL, Griffin DK, Schoolcraft WB, Katz-Jaffe MG. Hypomethylation and Genetic Instability in Monosomy Blastocysts May Contribute to Decreased Implantation Potential. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159507. [PMID: 27434648 PMCID: PMC4951028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism responsible for gene regulation, chromatin remodeling, and genome stability, playing a fundamental role during embryonic development. The aim of this study was to determine if these epigenetic marks are associated with chromosomal aneuploidy in human blastocysts. Surplus, cryopreserved blastocysts that were donated to research with IRB consent were chosen with varying chromosomal aneuploidies and respective implantation potential: monosomies and trisomies 7, 11, 15, 21, and 22. DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (~485,000 CpG sites). The methylation profiles of these human blastocysts were found to be similar across all samples, independent of chromosome constitution; however, more detailed examination identified significant hypomethylation in the chromosome involved in the monosomy. Real-time PCR was also performed to determine if downstream messenger RNA (mRNA) was affected for genes on the monosomy chromosome. Gene dysregulation was observed for monosomy blastocysts within significant regions of hypo-methylation (AVEN, CYFIP1, FAM189A1, MYO9A, ADM2, PACSIN2, PARVB, and PIWIL3) (P < 0.05). Additional analysis was performed to examine the gene expression profiles of associated methylation regulators including: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L), chromatin modifying regulators (CSNK1E, KDM1, PRKCA), and a post-translational modifier (PRMT5). Decreased RNA transcription was confirmed for each DNMT, and the regulators that impact DNMT activity, for only monosomy blastocysts (P < 0.05). In summary, monosomy blastocysts displayed hypomethylation for the chromosome involved in the error, as well as transcription alterations of associated developmental genes. Together, these modifications may be contributing to genetic instability and therefore be responsible for the limited implantation potential observed for full monosomy blastocysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair R. McCallie
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jason C. Parks
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa L. Patton
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Darren K. Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - William B. Schoolcraft
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
| | - Mandy G. Katz-Jaffe
- National Foundation for Fertility Research, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
- Colorado Center for Reproductive Medicine, Lone Tree, Colorado, 80124, United States of America
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Rebuzzini P, Zuccotti M, Redi CA, Garagna S. Achilles' heel of pluripotent stem cells: genetic, genomic and epigenetic variations during prolonged culture. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2453-66. [PMID: 26961132 PMCID: PMC11108315 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells differentiate into almost any specialized adult cell type of an organism. PSCs can be derived either from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst-giving rise to embryonic stem cells-or after reprogramming of somatic terminally differentiated cells to obtain ES-like cells, named induced pluripotent stem cells. The potential use of these cells in the clinic, for investigating in vitro early embryonic development or for screening the effects of new drugs or xenobiotics, depends on capability to maintain their genome integrity during prolonged culture and differentiation. Both human and mouse PSCs are prone to genomic and (epi)genetic instability during in vitro culture, a feature that seriously limits their real potential use. Culture-induced variations of specific chromosomes or genes, are almost all unpredictable and, as a whole, differ among independent cell lines. They may arise at different culture passages, suggesting the absence of a safe passage number maintaining genome integrity and rendering the control of genomic stability mandatory since the very early culture passages. The present review highlights the urgency for further studies on the mechanisms involved in determining (epi)genetic and chromosome instability, exploiting the knowledge acquired earlier on other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Unita' di Anatomia, Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Biotecnologiche e Traslazionali (S.BI.BI.T.), Università degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100, Parma, Italy.
| | - Carlo Alberto Redi
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
- Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi, 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Garagna
- Laboratorio di Biologia dello Sviluppo, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Center for Health Technologies (C.H.T.), Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy.
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Zylicz JJ, Dietmann S, Günesdogan U, Hackett JA, Cougot D, Lee C, Surani MA. Chromatin dynamics and the role of G9a in gene regulation and enhancer silencing during early mouse development. eLife 2015; 4:e09571. [PMID: 26551560 PMCID: PMC4729692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early mouse development is accompanied by dynamic changes in chromatin modifications, including G9a-mediated histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), which is essential for embryonic development. Here we show that genome-wide accumulation of H3K9me2 is crucial for postimplantation development, and coincides with redistribution of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)-dependent histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Loss of G9a or EZH2 results in upregulation of distinct gene sets involved in cell cycle regulation, germline development and embryogenesis. Notably, the H3K9me2 modification extends to active enhancer elements where it promotes developmentally-linked gene silencing and directly marks promoters and gene bodies. This epigenetic mechanism is important for priming gene regulatory networks for critical cell fate decisions in rapidly proliferating postimplantation epiblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Zylicz
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ufuk Günesdogan
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A Hackett
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Delphine Cougot
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Lee
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Azim Surani
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research United Kingdom Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Moussaieff A, Kogan NM, Aberdam D. Concise Review: Energy Metabolites: Key Mediators of the Epigenetic State of Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2374-80. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arieh Moussaieff
- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Natalya M. Kogan
- Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM U976; Paris France
- Université Paris-Diderot; Paris France
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9
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Stoyanov E, Ludwig G, Mizrahi L, Olam D, Schnitzer-Perlman T, Tasika E, Sass G, Tiegs G, Jiang Y, Nie T, Kohler J, Schinazi RF, Vertino PM, Cedar H, Galun E, Goldenberg D. Chronic liver inflammation modifies DNA methylation at the precancerous stage of murine hepatocarcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2015; 6:11047-60. [PMID: 25918251 PMCID: PMC4484438 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation precedes the majority of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here, we explore the connection between chronic inflammation and DNA methylation in the liver at the late precancerous stages of HCC development in Mdr2(-/-) (Mdr2/Abcb4-knockout) mice, a model of inflammation-mediated HCC. Using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by hybridization with "CpG islands" (CGIs) microarrays, we found specific CGIs in 76 genes which were hypermethylated in the Mdr2(-/-) liver compared to age-matched healthy controls. The observed hypermethylation resulted mainly from an age-dependent decrease of methylation of the specific CGIs in control livers with no decrease in mutant mice. Chronic inflammation did not change global levels of DNA methylation in Mdr2(-/-) liver, but caused a 2-fold decrease of the global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine level in mutants compared to controls. Liver cell fractionation revealed, that the relative hypermethylation of specific CGIs in Mdr2(-/-) livers affected either hepatocyte, or non-hepatocyte, or both fractions without a correlation between changes of gene methylation and expression. Our findings demonstrate that chronic liver inflammation causes hypermethylation of specific CGIs, which may affect both hepatocytes and non-hepatocyte liver cells. These changes may serve as useful markers of an increased regenerative activity and of a late precancerous stage in the chronically inflamed liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Stoyanov
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Guy Ludwig
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lina Mizrahi
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Devorah Olam
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Temima Schnitzer-Perlman
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elena Tasika
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sass
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yong Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ting Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - James Kohler
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Paula M. Vertino
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Howard Cedar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Goldenberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dean W. Cellular Reprogramming in Basic and Applied Biomedicine: The Dawn of Regenerative Medicine. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1330:3-13. [PMID: 26621584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2848-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization triggers a cascade of cellular and molecular events restoring the totipotent state and the potential for all cell types. However, the program quickly directs differentiation and cellular commitment. Under the genetic and epigenetic control of this process, Waddington likened this to a three-dimensional landscape where cells could not ascend the slope or traverse once canalized thus leading to cell fate decisions and the progressive restriction of cellular potency. But this is not the only possible outcome at least experimentally. Somatic cell nuclear transfer and overexpression of key transcription factors to generate induced pluripotent cells have challenged this notion. The return to pluripotency and the reinstatement of plasticity and heterogeneity once thought to be the exclusive remit of the developing embryo can now be replicated in vitro. The following chapter introduces some of these ideas and suggests that the fundamental principles learned may constitute the first step toward the opportunity for specific tissue renewal and replacement in healthy aging and the treatment of chronic diseases-the age of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Dean
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Hall, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, CB22 3AT, UK.
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Cambuli F, Murray A, Dean W, Dudzinska D, Krueger F, Andrews S, Senner CE, Cook SJ, Hemberger M. Epigenetic memory of the first cell fate decision prevents complete ES cell reprogramming into trophoblast. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5538. [PMID: 25423963 PMCID: PMC4263130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic (ES) and trophoblast (TS) stem cells reflect the first, irrevocable cell fate decision in development that is reinforced by distinct epigenetic lineage barriers. Nonetheless, ES cells can seemingly acquire TS-like characteristics upon manipulation of lineage-determining transcription factors or activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway. Here we have interrogated the progression of reprogramming in ES cell models with regulatable Oct4 and Cdx2 transgenes or conditional Erk1/2 activation. Although trans-differentiation into TS-like cells is initiated, lineage conversion remains incomplete in all models, underpinned by the failure to demethylate a small group of TS cell genes. Forced expression of these non-reprogrammed genes improves trans-differentiation efficiency, but still fails to confer a stable TS cell phenotype. Thus, even ES cells in ground-state pluripotency cannot fully overcome the boundaries that separate the first cell lineages but retain an epigenetic memory of their ES cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cambuli
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Alexander Murray
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Wendy Dean
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Dominika Dudzinska
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Felix Krueger
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Claire E. Senner
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Simon J. Cook
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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