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van der Vaart A, Kremer D, Niekolaas T, Bakker SJL, van Dijk PR, de Borst MH. Time-updated Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Is Predictive for Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae055. [PMID: 38577264 PMCID: PMC10993900 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This work aimed to study whether fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is predictive for incident posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Methods We repeatedly analyzed plasma C-terminal FGF23 concentrations in 170 KTRs enrolled in the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study. Associations of time-updated plasma FGF23 with incident PTDM were studied by Cox regression. Results A total of 170 KTRs (46% female, aged 54.4 ± 12.4 years) with 540 FGF23 measurements were included. Plasma FGF23 concentrations at transplantation were 31.1 (0.76-2576) pmol/L. During a follow-up of 24 (12-24) months, 38 patients developed PTDM. The highest FGF23 tertile (compared to the lowest) was associated with an increased risk for PTDM (fully adjusted hazard ratio 20.9; 95% CI, 3.4-130.0; P < .001). Conclusion In KTRs without diabetes at baseline, the highest tertile of FGF23, compared to the lowest, is predictive for development of PTDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarens van der Vaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
- Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daan Kremer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Niekolaas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter R van Dijk
- Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
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van der Vaart A, Eelderink C, van Beek AP, Bakker SJL, van Dijk PR, de Borst MH. Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Glucose Homeostasis, and Incident Diabetes: Findings of 2 Cohort Studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e971-e978. [PMID: 37139691 PMCID: PMC10505526 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has been linked to deregulations in glucose metabolism, but its role is insufficiently understood. OBJECTIVE This study investigates potential crosstalk between FGF23 and glucose homeostasis. METHODS First, we investigated the effect of glucose loading on plasma C-terminal FGF23 levels and its temporal relationship with changes in plasma phosphate in 45 overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-30) individuals using time-lag analyses. Second, we studied cross-sectional associations of plasma C-terminal FGF23 levels with glucose homeostasis using multivariable linear regression in a population-based cohort. We also investigated associations of FGF23 with incident diabetes and obesity (BMI > 30) in individuals without diabetes or obesity at baseline, respectively, using multivariable Cox regression analyses. Finally, we explored whether the association between FGF23 and diabetes depends on BMI. RESULTS After glucose loading, changes in FGF23 preceded changes in plasma phosphate (Ptime-lag = .04). In the population-based cohort (N = 5482; mean age 52 years, 52% women, median FGF23 69 RU/mL), FGF23 was associated with plasma glucose (β = .13 [.03-.23]; P = .01), insulin (β = .10 [.03-.17]; P < .001), and proinsulin (β = .06 [0.02-0.10]; P = .01) at baseline. On longitudinal analyses, a higher baseline FGF23 was independently associated with development of diabetes (199 events [4%]; fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.66 [95% CI, 1.06-2.60]; P = .03) and development of obesity (241 events [6%]; fully adjusted HR 1.84 [95% CI, 1.34-2.50]; P < .001). The association between FGF23 and incident diabetes lost significance after additional adjustment for BMI. CONCLUSION Glucose loading has phosphate-independent effects on FGF23 and, vice versa, FGF23 is associated with glucose, insulin and proinsulin levels, and obesity. These findings suggest crosstalk between FGF23 and glucose homeostasis, which may promote susceptibility to incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarens van der Vaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coby Eelderink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - André P van Beek
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter R van Dijk
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rowe PS, McCarthy EM, Yu AL, Stubbs JR. Correction of Vascular Calcification and Hyperphosphatemia in CKD Rats Treated with ASARM Peptide. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1683-1698. [PMID: 36514737 PMCID: PMC9717652 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002782022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D metabolism, bone, and vascular calcification occur in chronic kidney disease mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Calciphylaxis, involving painful, ulcerative skin lesions, is also a major problem associated with CKD-MBD. There are no quality medical interventions to address these clinical issues. Bone ASARM peptides are strong inhibitors of mineralization and induce hypophosphatemia by inhibiting phosphate uptake from the gut. We hypothesize treatment of CKD-MBD rats with ASARM peptides will reverse hyperphosphatemia, reduce soft-tissue calcification, and prevent calciphylaxis. Methods To test our hypothesis, we assessed the effects of synthetic ASARM peptide in rats that had undergone a subtotal 5/6th nephrectomy (56NEPHREX), a rodent model of CKD-MBD. All rats were fed a high phosphate diet (2% Pi) to worsen mineral metabolism defects. Changes in serum potassium, phosphate, BUN, creatinine, PTH, FGF23, and calcium were assessed in response to 28 days of ASARM peptide infusion. Also, changes in bone quality, soft-tissue calcification, and expression of gut Npt2b (Slc34a2) were studied following ASARM peptide treatment. Results Rats that had undergone 56NEPHREX treated with ASARM peptide showed major improvements in hyperphosphatemia, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and bone quality compared with vehicle controls. Also, ASARM-infused 56NEPHREX rats displayed improved renal, brain, and cardiovascular calcification. Notably, ASARM peptide infusion prevented the genesis of subdermal medial blood vessel calcification and calciphylaxis-like lesions in 56NEPHREX rats compared with vehicle controls. Conclusions ASARM peptide infusion corrects hyperphosphatemia and improves vascular calcification, renal calcification, brain calcification, bone quality, renal function, and skin mineralization abnormalities in 56NEPHREX rats. These findings confirm our hypothesis and support the utility of ASARM peptide treatment in patients with CKD-MBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Rowe
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ellen M. McCarthy
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alan L. Yu
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jason R. Stubbs
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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4
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Eller OC, Stair RN, Neal C, Rowe PS, Nelson-Brantley J, Young EE, Baumbauer KM. Comprehensive phenotyping of cutaneous afferents reveals early-onset alterations in nociceptor response properties, release of CGRP, and hindpaw edema following spinal cord injury. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100097. [PMID: 35756343 PMCID: PMC9218836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex syndrome that has profound effects on patient well-being, including the development of medically-resistant chronic pain. The mechanisms underlying SCI pain have been the subject of thorough investigation but remain poorly understood. While the majority of the research has focused on changes occurring within and surrounding the site of injury in the spinal cord, there is now a consensus that alterations within the peripheral nervous system, namely sensitization of nociceptors, contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic SCI pain. Using an ex vivo skin/nerve/DRG/spinal cord preparation to characterize afferent response properties following SCI, we found that SCI increased mechanical and thermal responding, as well as the incidence of spontaneous activity (SA) and afterdischarge (AD), in below-level C-fiber nociceptors 24 hr following injury relative to naïve controls. Interestingly, the distribution of nociceptors that exhibit SA and AD are not identical, and the development of SA was observed more frequently in nociceptors with low heat thresholds, while AD was found more frequently in nociceptors with high heat thresholds. We also found that SCI resulted in hindpaw edema and elevated cutaneous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration that were not observed in naïve mice. These results suggest that SCI causes a rapidly developing nociceptor sensitization and peripheral inflammation that may contribute to the early emergence and persistence of chronic SCI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Eller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rena N. Stair
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Christopher Neal
- Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Peter S.N. Rowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- The Kidney Institute & Division of Nephrology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jennifer Nelson-Brantley
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Erin E. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Center for Advancement in Managing Pain, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Kyle M. Baumbauer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Center for Advancement in Managing Pain, School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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5
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Yu S, Li D, Zhang N, Ni S, Sun M, Wang L, Xiao H, Liu D, Liu J, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Yeung STY, Zhang S, Lu A, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Zhang G. Drug discovery of sclerostin inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2150-2170. [PMID: 35646527 PMCID: PMC9136615 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin, a protein secreted from osteocytes, negatively regulates the WNT signaling pathway by binding to the LRP5/6 co-receptors and further inhibits bone formation and promotes bone resorption. Sclerostin contributes to musculoskeletal system-related diseases, making it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of WNT-related bone diseases. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that sclerostin contributes to the development of cancers, obesity, and diabetes, suggesting that it may be a promising therapeutic target for these diseases. Notably, cardiovascular diseases are related to the protective role of sclerostin. In this review, we summarize three distinct types of inhibitors targeting sclerostin, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and small-molecule inhibitors, from which monoclonal antibodies have been developed. As the first-in-class sclerostin inhibitor approved by the U.S. FDA, the monoclonal antibody romosozumab has demonstrated excellent effectiveness in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis; however, it conferred high cardiovascular risk in clinical trials. Furthermore, romosozumab could only be administered by injection, which may cause compliance issues for patients who prefer oral therapy. Considering these above safety and compliance concerns, we therefore present relevant discussion and offer perspectives on the development of next-generation sclerostin inhibitors by following several ways, such as concomitant medication, artificial intelligence-based strategy, druggable modification, and bispecific inhibitors strategy.
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Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Duplan MB, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A. Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 15:435-455. [PMID: 31068690 PMCID: PMC7136170 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is the most common cause of inherited phosphate wasting and is associated with severe complications such as rickets, lower limb deformities, pain, poor mineralization of the teeth and disproportionate short stature in children as well as hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, enthesopathies, osteoarthritis and pseudofractures in adults. The characteristics and severity of XLH vary between patients. Because of its rarity, the diagnosis and specific treatment of XLH are frequently delayed, which has a detrimental effect on patient outcomes. In this Evidence-Based Guideline, we recommend that the diagnosis of XLH is based on signs of rickets and/or osteomalacia in association with hypophosphataemia and renal phosphate wasting in the absence of vitamin D or calcium deficiency. Whenever possible, the diagnosis should be confirmed by molecular genetic analysis or measurement of levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) before treatment. Owing to the multisystemic nature of the disease, patients should be seen regularly by multidisciplinary teams organized by a metabolic bone disease expert. In this article, we summarize the current evidence and provide recommendations on features of the disease, including new treatment modalities, to improve knowledge and provide guidance for diagnosis and multidisciplinary care. In this Evidence-Based Guideline on X-linked hypophosphataemia, the authors identify the criteria for diagnosis of this disease, provide guidance for medical and surgical treatment and explain the challenges of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. .,Center for Congenital Kidney Diseases, Center for Rare Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Francesco Emma
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah M Eastwood
- Department of Orthopaedics, Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, Orthopaedics, London, UK.,The Catterall Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Martin Biosse Duplan
- Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,APHP, Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France.,APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France
| | - Justine Bacchetta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Dermatology, University Children's Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Center for Chronic Sick Children, Pediatric Endocrinology, Charitè, University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Wicart
- APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Necker - Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- University College London, Centre for Nephrology and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fernando Santos
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pol Harvengt
- RVRH-XLH, French Patient Association for XLH, Suresnes, France
| | - Martha Kirchhoff
- Phosphatdiabetes e.V., German Patient Association for XLH, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - Federico Di Rocco
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Centre de Référence Craniosténoses, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Dental School, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,APHP, Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France.,APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France
| | - Maria Louisa Brandi
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lars Savendahl
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karine Briot
- APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Rheumatology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-1153, Paris, France
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Diseases, Bicêtre Paris-Sud Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM U1185, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Paris-Sud - Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnès Linglart
- APHP, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, and Filière OSCAR, Paris, France.,INSERM U1185, Bicêtre Paris-Sud, Paris-Sud - Paris Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,APHP, Platform of Expertise of Paris-Sud for Rare Diseases and Filière OSCAR, Bicêtre Paris-Sud Hospital (HUPS), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,APHP, Endocrinology and Diabetes for Children, Bicêtre Paris-Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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7
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Xu JW, Li YL, Zhang SJ, Yang WQ, Nie WT, Jiang HQ. Quantitative Serum Proteomic Analysis of Essential Hypertension Using iTRAQ Technique. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6761549. [PMID: 29201909 PMCID: PMC5671681 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6761549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a risk factor for some severe diseases. This study aimed to screen out serum special proteins and seek interaction between them, which would provide new therapeutic targets and elucidate the comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism for EH. Patients with EH (Group A, n = 47) and healthy controls (HC) (Group B, n = 47) were recruited in this study. Serums from the two groups were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation coupled two-dimensional liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry technique, while the candidate special proteins were verified with ELISA and western blot. A total of 404 proteins were identified, of which 30 proteins were upregulated (>1.2-fold, p < 0.05) and 81 proteins were downregulated (<0.833-fold, p < 0.05) compared with HC group. With GO, KEGG analysis, and literature retrieval, 4 proteins, cathepsin G, transforming growth factor beta-1, hyaluronidase-1, and kininogen-1, were found jointly involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and kallikrein-kinin system. The profiles of these 4 candidate proteins were confirmed with ELISA and western blot. The concentration variation of these 4 proteins could better predict the occurrence and illustrate the pathophysiological mechanism of EH. And their discovery may help pave the way for exploring new therapies of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 38 Shadowless Hill Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Lun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jun Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Qing Yang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Nie
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hai-Qiang Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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8
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Zelenchuk LV, Hedge AM, Rowe PSN. Age dependent regulation of bone-mass and renal function by the MEPE ASARM-motif. Bone 2015; 79:131-42. [PMID: 26051469 PMCID: PMC4501877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mice with null mutations in matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) have increased bone mass, increased trabecular density and abnormal cancellous bone (MN-mice). These defects worsen with age and MEPE overexpression induces opposite effects. Also, genome wide association studies show that MEPE plays a major role in bone mass. We hypothesized that the conserved C-terminal MEPE ASARM-motif is chiefly responsible for regulating bone mass and trabecular structure. DESIGN To test our theory we overexpressed C-terminal ASARM-peptide in MN-mice using the Col1α1 promoter (MNAt-mice). We then compared the bone and renal phenotypes of the MNAt-mouse with the MN-mouse and the X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets mouse (HYP). The HYP mouse overexpresses ASARM-peptides and is defective for the PHEX gene. RESULTS The MN-mouse developed increased bone mass, bone strength and trabecular abnormalities that worsened markedly with age. Defects in bone formation were chiefly responsible with suppressed sclerostin and increased active β-catenin. Increased uric acid levels also suggested that abnormalities in purine-metabolism and a reduced fractional excretion of uric acid signaled additional renal transport changes. The MN mouse developed a worsening hyperphosphatemia and reduced FGF23 with age. An increase in the fractional excretion of phosphate (FEP) despite the hyperphosphatemia confirms an imbalance in kidney-intestinal phosphate regulation. Also, the MN mice showed an increased creatinine clearance suggesting hyperfiltration. A reversal of the MN bone-renal phenotype changes occurred with the MNAt mice including the apparent hyperfiltration. The MNAt mice also developed localized hypomineralization, hypophosphatemia and increased FGF23. CONCLUSIONS The C-terminal ASARM-motif plays a major role in regulating bone-mass and cancellous structure as mice age. In healthy mice, the processing and release of free ASARM-peptide are chiefly responsible for preserving normal bone and renal function. Free ASARM-peptide also affects renal mineral phosphate handling by influencing FGF23 expression. These findings have implications for understanding age-dependent osteoporosis, unraveling drug-targets and developing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya V Zelenchuk
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Hedge
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Peter S N Rowe
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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9
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Rowe PSN, Zelenchuk LV, Laurence JS, Lee P, Brooks WM, McCarthy ET. Do ASARM peptides play a role in nephrogenic systemic fibrosis? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F764-9. [PMID: 26336161 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00201.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a devastating condition associated with gadolinium (Gd3+)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in patients with kidney disease. The release of toxic Gd3+ from GBCAs likely plays a major role in NSF pathophysiology. The cause and etiology of Gd3+ release from GBCAs is unknown. Increased Acidic Serine Aspartate Rich MEPE-associated peptides (ASARM peptides) induce bone mineralization abnormalities and contribute to renal phosphate-handling defects in inherited hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor-induced osteomalacia. The proteolytic cleavage of related bone matrix proteins with ASARM motifs results in release of ASARM peptide into bone and circulation. ASARM peptides are acidic, reactive, phosphorylated inhibitors of mineralization that bind Ca2+ and hydroxyapatite. Since the ionic radius of Gd3+ is close to that of Ca2+, we hypothesized that ASARM peptides increase the risk of NSF by inducing release of Gd3+ from GBCAs. Here, we show 1) ASARM peptides bind and induce release of Gd3+ from GBCAs in vitro and in vivo; 2) A bioengineered peptide (SPR4) stabilizes the Gd3+-GBCA complex by specifically binding to ASARM peptide in vitro and in vivo; and 3) SPR4 peptide infusion prevents GBCA-induced NSF-like pathology in a murine model with increased ASARM peptide (Hyp mouse). We conclude ASARM peptides may play a role in NSF and SPR4 peptide is a candidate adjuvant for preventing or reducing risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S N Rowe
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Lesya V Zelenchuk
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer S Laurence
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Phil Lee
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and
| | - William M Brooks
- Hoglund Brain Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ellen T McCarthy
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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A unified model for bone-renal mineral and energy metabolism. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 22:64-71. [PMID: 25880364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beginning of the millennium saw the discovery of a new bone-matrix protein, Matrix Extracellular PhosphoglycoprotEin (MEPE) and an associated C-terminal motif called ASARM. This motif and other distinguishing features occur in a group of proteins called SIBLINGs. These proteins include dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteopontin, dentin-sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), statherin, bone sialoprotein (BSP) and MEPE. MEPE, DMP1 and ASARM-motifs regulate expression of a phosphate regulating cytokine FGF23. Further, a trimeric interaction between phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked (PHEX), DMP1, and α5β3-integrin that occurs on the plasma-membrane of the osteocyte mediates FGF23 regulation (FAP pathway). ASARM-peptides competitively inhibit the trimeric complex and increase FGF23. A second pathway involves specialized structures, matrix vesicles pathway (MVP). This review will discuss the FAP and MVP pathways and present a unified model for mineral and energy metabolism.
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11
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Zelenchuk LV, Hedge AM, Rowe PSN. SPR4-peptide alters bone metabolism of normal and HYP mice. Bone 2015; 72:23-33. [PMID: 25460577 PMCID: PMC4342984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT ASARM-peptides are substrates and ligands for PHEX, the gene responsible for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (HYP). PHEX binds to the DMP1-ASARM-motif to form a trimeric-complex with α5β3-integrin on the osteocyte surface and this suppresses FGF23 expression. ASARM-peptide disruption of this complex increases FGF23 expression. We used a 4.2kDa peptide (SPR4) that binds to ASARM-peptide and ASARM-motif to study DMP1-PHEX interactions and to assess SPR4 for treating inherited hypophosphatemic rickets. DESIGN Subcutaneously transplanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse SPR4-peptide or vehicle into wild-type mice (WT) and HYP-mice for 4 weeks. RESULTS Asymmetrically distributed mineralization defects occurred with WT-SPR4 femurs. Specifically, SPR4 induced negative effects on trabecular bone and increased bone volume and mineralization in cortical-bone. Markedly increased sclerostin and reduced active β-catenin occurred with HYP mice. SPR4-infusion suppressed sclerostin and increased active β-catenin in WT and HYP mice and improved HYP-mice trabecular mineralization defects but not cortical mineralization defects. CONCLUSIONS SPR4-peptide has bimodal activity and acts by: (1) preventing DMP1 binding to PHEX and (2) sequestering an inhibitor of DMP1-PHEX binding, ASARM-peptide. In PHEX defective HYP-mice the second pathway predominates. Although SPR4-peptide improved trabecular calcification defects, decreased sclerostin and increased active β-catenin it did not correct HYP-mice cortical mineralization defects on a normal phosphate diet. Thus, for inherited hypophosphatemic rickets patients on a normal phosphate diet, SPR4-peptide is not a useful therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya V Zelenchuk
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Hedge
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Peter S N Rowe
- The Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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12
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Bone mineralization is regulated by signaling cross talk between molecular factors of local and systemic origin: the role of fibroblast growth factor 23. Biofactors 2014; 40:555-68. [PMID: 25352227 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Body phosphate homeostasis is regulated by a hormonal counter-balanced intestine-bone-kidney axis. The major systemic hormones involved in this axis are parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). FGF23, produced almost exclusively by the osteocytes, is a phosphaturic hormone that plays a major role in regulation of the bone remodeling process. Remodeling composite components, bone mineralization and resorption cycles create a continuous influx-efflux loop of the inorganic phosphate (Pi) through the skeleton. This "bone Pi loop," which is formed, is controlled by local and systemic factors according to phosphate homeostasis demands. Although FGF23 systemic actions in the kidney, and for the production of PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D are well established, its direct involvement in bone metabolism is currently poorly understood. This review presents the latest available evidence suggesting two aspects of FGF23 bone local activity: (a) Regulation of FGF23 production by both local and systemic factors. The suggested local factors include extracellular levels of Pi and pyrophosphate (PPi), (the Pi/PPi ratio), and another osteocyte-derived protein, sclerostin. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D, synthesized locally by bone cells, may contribute to regulation of FGF23 production. The systemic control is achieved via PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D endocrine functions. (b) FGF23 acts as a local agent, directly affecting bone mineralization. We support the assumption that under balanced physiological conditions, sclerostin, by para- autocrine signaling, upregulates FGF23 production by the osteocyte. FGF23, in turn, acts as a mineralization inhibitor, by stimulating the generation of the major mineralization antagonist-PPi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
The increased awareness of the potential role played by mineral and bone disorder in the appearance of cardiovascular disease in renal patients has produced research efforts aimed at discovering possible pathogenic links. Accordingly, the diagnostic significance of the classic bone markers of mineral disorders and of the new markers in the setting of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) needs to be re-evaluated along with increasing information. In this article we include classic markers of bone metabolism and some of the noncollagenous bone proteins that are gaining experimental and clinical significance in CKD-MBD. Among classic markers of secondary hyperparathyroidism and of renal osteodystrophy, we analyzed parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and bone collagen-derived peptides. We underlined, for each, the relevance of parent proteins (peptides or isoforms) that affect assay methods and, eventually, the diagnostic or prognostic significance. Also, we considered their relationship with cardiovascular mortality. Among the numerous noncollagenous bone proteins, we examined matrix Gla protein (MGP), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin, and the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family. For MGP and OC we report the relevant involvement with the process of calcification (MGP) and with glucose and energy metabolism (OC). Both of these proteins require vitamin K to become active and this is a specific problem in renal patients who frequently are deficient of this vitamin. Finally, recent acquisitions on the fascinating family of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein proteins are recapitulated briefly to underline their potential clinical interest and their complex involvement with all aspects of CKD-MBD. Their diagnostic role in clinical practice awaits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silverio Rotondi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jordi Bover
- Department of Nephrology, Fundaciò Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, REDinREN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Goldsmith
- King's Health Partners, Academic Health Science Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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