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Girardi C, Benato F, Massironi M, Vindigni V, Stuhlmann D, Massironi M. Evaluation of human skin response to solar-simulated radiation in an ex vivo model: Effects and photoprotection of L-Carnosine. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:733-745. [PMID: 37675862 DOI: 10.1111/php.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight, and more specifically the UV component, induces several skin damages, including sunburns, erythema and photoaging. The purpose of this work is to set up an ex vivo human skin model to assess the capacity of active principles in protecting skin from the deleterious effects of solar radiation. Ex vivo human skin biopsies were cultured in an air-liquid interface and exposed to solar-simulated radiation (SSR, 300-750 nm). L-Carnosine (0.2% and 2%) was applied topically to be tested as photoprotective compound. The effect on oxidative stress induction, photoaging and skin transcriptional profile was assessed by evaluating reactive oxygen species, advanced glycosylation end products formation and gene expression changes. In our model, SSR increases ROS production and AGE accumulation and affects the expression of genes related to oxidative stress, pigmentation, immunity, inflammation and photoaging. Among these pathways, 11 genes were selected as biomarkers to evaluate the skin solar radiation response. Results showed that L-Carnosine provides effective prevention against solar radiation damages reducing ROS, AGEs and mitigating the modulation of the selected biomarker genes. In conclusion, we report that our ex vivo skin model is a valuable system to assess the consequences of solar light exposure and the capacity of topically applied L-Carnosine to counteract them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang H, Li H, Qu C, Wen J, Zhang X, Zhu T, Nie C, Li X, Muhatai G, Wang L, Lv X, Yang W, Zhao C, Bao H, Li J, Zhu B, Cao G, Xiong W, Ning Z, Qu L. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal genetic adaptation to cold conditions in the chickens. Genomics 2022; 114:110485. [PMID: 36126832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Under the pressure of natural and artificial selection, domestic animals, including chickens, have evolved unique mechanisms of genetic adaptations such as high-altitude adaptation, hot and arid climate adaptation, and desert adaptation. Here, we investigated the genetic basis of cold tolerance in chicken by integrating whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies. Genome-wide comparative analyses of 118 chickens living in different latitudes showed 46 genes and several pathways that may be involved in cold adaptation. The results of the functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes proved the important role of metabolic pathways and immune-related pathways in cold tolerance in chickens. The subsequent integration of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technology further identified six genes - dnah5 (dynein axonemal heavy chain 5), ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2), inhba (inhibin beta A subunit), irx2 (iroquois homeobox 2), ensgalg00000054917, and ensgalg00000046652 - requiring more detailed studies. In addition, we also discovered different allele frequency distributions of five SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) within ptgs2 and nine SNPs within dnah5 in chickens in different latitudes, suggesting strong selective pressure of these two genes in chickens. We provide a novel insight into the genetic adaptation in chickens to cold environments, and provide a reference for evaluating and developing adaptive chicken breeds in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huie Wang
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Changqing Qu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China.
| | - Junhui Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Changsheng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Gemingguli Muhatai
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing 100107, China.
| | - XueZe Lv
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing 100107, China.
| | - Weifang Yang
- Beijing Municipal General Station of Animal Science, Beijing 100107, China.
| | - Chunjiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Haigang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Junying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Animal Health Supervision Institute of Zhuozhou, Hebei Province 072750, China.
| | - Guomin Cao
- Animal husbandry station of Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province 538001, China.
| | - Wenjie Xiong
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Fangchenggang, Guangxi Province 538001, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lujiang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Manivannan A, Lee ES, Han K, Lee HE, Kim DS. Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon-A Modest Fruit Loaded with Pharmaceutically Valuable Phytochemicals. Molecules 2020; 25:E5258. [PMID: 33187365 PMCID: PMC7698065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. Apart from the fruits, the extracts prepared from the seeds, sprouts, and leaves also evidenced medicinal properties. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of benefits of watermelon for the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Do-Sun Kim
- Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 55365, Korea; (A.M.); (E.-S.L.); (K.H.); (H.-E.L.)
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Ma W, Li L, Xing S. PGE2/EP4 receptor and TRPV1 channel are involved in repeated restraint stress-induced prolongation of sensitization pain evoked by subsequent PGE2 challenge. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146335. [PMID: 31302096 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence of prior stressful experience is linked to high incidence of chronic pain. Stress, particularly repeated stress, is known to induce maladaptive neuroplasticity along peripheral and central pain transmission pathways. These maladaptive neuroplastic events facilitate sensitization of nociceptive neurons and transition from acute to chronic pain. Pro-inflammatory and pain mediators are involved in inducing neuroplasticity. Pain mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), EP4 receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) contribute to the genesis of chronic pain. In this study, we examined the role of PGE2/EP4 signaling and TRPV1 signaling in repeated restraint stress-induced prolongation of sensitization pain, a model for transition from acute to chronic pain, in both in vivo and in vitro models. We found that pre-exposure to single restraint stress induced analgesia that masked sensitization pain evoked by subsequent PGE2 challenge. However, pre-exposure to 3d consecutive restraint stress not only prolonged sensitization pain, but also increased stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in serum, COX2 levels in paw skin, and EP4 and TRPV1 levels in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and paw skin. Pre-exposure to CORT for 3d, not 1d, also prolonged sensitization pain evoked by PGE2. Co-injection of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486, COX2 inhibitor NS-398, EP4 receptor antagonist L161,982 or TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine prevented 3d restraint stress prolonged sensitization pain evoked by PGE2. In DRG cultures, CORT increased EP4 and TRPV1 protein levels through GR activation. These data suggest that PGE2/EP4 signaling and TRPV1 signaling in peripheral pain pathway contribute to repeated stress-predisposed transition from acute to chronic pain.
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Ma Y, He Y, Yin T, Chen H, Gao S, Hu M. Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 Cells Can Impact Their Anti-inflammatory efficacy: Indication of Hesperetin. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6042-6052. [PMID: 29792322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raw264.7 is a murine macrophage-like cell line commonly used to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of natural compounds. However, the impacts of long-time incubation on the tested compounds are often inappropriately ignored. Among 77 natural phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids), only 36 remain more than 70% after a 15-h incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Interestingly, for those compounds with a relatively good chemical stability, the presence of Raw264.7 cells could accelerate their disappearance in the medium, indicating that cellular metabolism occurred. As a representative phenolic, hesperetin was found to be efficiently metabolized by Raw264.7 cells and the metabolite was identified as a glucuronide in the further investigation. The glucuronidation activity is constitutive in this cell line. At certain concentration levels of hesperetin, the ability of hesperetin to inhibit PGD2 production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells was significantly enhanced by introducing β-glucuronidase, which can hydrolyze hesperetin glucuronide, into the incubation medium. The results indicate that glucuronidation and excretion of hesperetin can significantly impact its bioactivity in Raw264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Road , Houston , Texas 77004 , United States
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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Feng C, Huang H, Huang S, Zhai YZ, Dong J, Chen L, Huang Z, Zhou X, Li B, Wang LL, Chen W, Lv FQ, Li TS. Identification of potential key genes associated with severe pneumonia using mRNA-seq. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:758-766. [PMID: 30112034 PMCID: PMC6090384 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the potential key genes associated with severe pneumonia using mRNA-seq. Nine peripheral blood samples from patients with severe pneumonia alone (SP group, n=3) and severe pneumonia accompanied with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; CSP group, n=3), as well as volunteers without pneumonia (control group, n=3) underwent mRNA-seq. Based on the sequencing data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Limma package. Following the pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs, the genes that were differentially expressed in the SP and CSP groups were selected for pathway enrichment analysis and coexpression analysis. In addition, potential genes related to pneumonia were identified based on the information in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database. In total, 645 and 528 DEGs were identified in the SP and CSP groups, respectively, compared with the normal controls. Among these DEGs, 88 upregulated genes and 80 downregulated genes were common between the two groups. The functions of the common DEGs were similar to those of the DEGs in the SP group. In the coexpression network, the commonly downregulated genes (including ND1, ND3, ND4L, and ND6) and the commonly upregulated genes (including TSPY6P and CDY10P) exhibited a higher degree. In addition, 131 DEGs (including ND1, ND3, ND6, MIR449A and TAS2R43) were predicted to be potential pneumonia-related genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the common DEGs may be associated with the progression of severe pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Jinan Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Sai Huang
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhi Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Qin Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tan-Shi Li
- Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Silva RHM, Lima NDFM, Lopes AJO, Vasconcelos CC, de Mesquita JWC, de Mesquita LSS, Lima FCVM, Ribeiro MNDS, Ramos RM, Cartágenes MDSDS, Garcia JBS. Antinociceptive Activity of Borreria verticillata: In vivo and In silico Studies. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:283. [PMID: 28588488 PMCID: PMC5439013 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. known vassourinha has antibacterial, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, however, its antinociceptive action requires further studies. Aim of the study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of B. verticillata hydroalcoholic extract (EHBv) and ethyl acetate fraction (FAc) by in vivo and in silico studies. In vivo assessment included the paw edema test, writhing test, formalin test and tail flick test. Wistar rats and Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups and given the following treatments oral: 0.9% NaCl control group (CTRL), 10 mg/kg memantine (MEM), 10 mg/kg indomethacin (INDO), 500 mg/kg EHBv (EHBv 500), 25 mg/kg FAc (FAc 25) and 50 mg/kg FAc (FAc 50). EHBv, FAc 25 and 50 treatments exhibited anti-edematous and peripheral antinociceptive effects. For in silico assessment, compounds identified in FAc were subjected to molecular docking with COX-2, GluN1a and GluN2B. Ursolic acid (UA) was the compound with best affinity parameters (binding energy and inhibition constant) for COX-2, GluN1a, GluN2B, and was selected for further analysis with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In MD simulations, UA exhibited highly frequent interactions with residues Arg120 and Glu524 in the COX-2 active site and NMDA, whereby it might prevent COX-2 and NMDA receptor activation. Treatment with UA 10 mg/Kg showed peripheral and central antinociceptive effect. The antinociceptive effect of B. verticillata might be predominantly attributed to peripheral actions, including the participation of anti-inflammatory components. Ursolic acid is the main active component and seems to be a promising source of COX-2 inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa H M Silva
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Nathália de Fátima M Lima
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Alberto J O Lopes
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Cleydlenne C Vasconcelos
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - José W C de Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Ludmilla S S de Mesquita
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Fernando C V M Lima
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Maria N de S Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Ramos
- Research Laboratory Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment, Health and Food Production, Federal Institute of PiauíTeresina, Brazil
| | | | - João B S Garcia
- Experimental Study of Pain Laboratory, Department of Pain and Palliative Care, Federal University of MaranhãoSão Luís, Brazil
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Wang Y, Yi XD, Lu HL. Influence of CYP2C9 and COX-2 Genetic Polymorphisms on Clinical Efficacy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1775-1782. [PMID: 28403136 PMCID: PMC5398431 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships of CYP2C9 and COX-2 genetic polymorphisms with therapeutic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Material/Methods We enrolled 130 AS inpatients and outpatients in the Arthritis and Rheumatism Department of Peking University First Hospital and 106 healthy people getting routine check-ups between September 2013 and July 2014. CYP2C9 and COX-2 genetic polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP. All AS patients underwent medical treatment and 12-week follow-up treatment. Score differences of BASDAI, ASAS20, ASAS50, and ASAS70 for AS patients with different genotypes before and after treatment were compared. Results In terms of COX-2-1290A/G and -1195G/A gene polymorphism genotype and allele frequency, the case group and control group were obviously different (all P<0.05), but CYP2C9*3 polymorphism genotype and allele frequency were not statistically different between the 2 groups (P>0.05). AS patients had improved BASDAI, ASAS20, ASAS50, and ASAS70 scores after they received NSAID treatment (all P<0.05). Furthermore, the efficacy of NSAID in treatment of AS and COX-2 gene −1290A/G and −1195G/A polymorphism were associated (all P<0.05), but it is not associated with CYP2C9 *3 polymorphism (all P>0.05). Conclusions COX-2-1290A/G and -1195G/A polymorphism may increase AS risk and they both can be considered as biological indicators for prediction of efficacy of NSAIDs in treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Dong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Hai-Lin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Zaiss AK, Foley EM, Lawrence R, Schneider LS, Hoveida H, Secrest P, Catapang AB, Yamaguchi Y, Alemany R, Shayakhmetov DM, Esko JD, Herschman HR. Hepatocyte Heparan Sulfate Is Required for Adeno-Associated Virus 2 but Dispensable for Adenovirus 5 Liver Transduction In Vivo. J Virol 2016; 90:412-20. [PMID: 26491162 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01939-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) and adenovirus 5 (Ad5) are promising gene therapy vectors. Both display liver tropism and are currently thought to enter hepatocytes in vivo through cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). To test directly this hypothesis, we created mice that lack Ext1, an enzyme required for heparan sulfate biosynthesis, in hepatocytes. Ext1(HEP) mutant mice exhibit an 8-fold reduction of heparan sulfate in primary hepatocytes and a 5-fold reduction of heparan sulfate in whole liver tissue. Conditional hepatocyte Ext1 gene deletion greatly reduced AAV2 liver transduction following intravenous injection. Ad5 transduction requires blood coagulation factor X (FX); FX binds to the Ad5 capsid hexon protein and bridges the virus to HSPGs on the cell surface. Ad5.FX transduction was abrogated in primary hepatocytes from Ext1(HEP) mice. However, in contrast to the case with AAV2, Ad5 transduction was not significantly reduced in the livers of Ext1(HEP) mice. FX remained essential for Ad5 transduction in vivo in Ext1(HEP) mice. We conclude that while AAV2 requires HSPGs for entry into mouse hepatocytes, HSPGs are dispensable for Ad5 hepatocyte transduction in vivo. This study reopens the question of how adenovirus enters cells in vivo. IMPORTANCE Our understanding of how viruses enter cells, and how they can be used as therapeutic vectors to manage disease, begins with identification of the cell surface receptors to which viruses bind and which mediate viral entry. Both adeno-associated virus 2 and adenovirus 5 are currently thought to enter hepatocytes in vivo through heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). However, direct evidence for these conclusions is lacking. Experiments presented herein, in which hepatic heparan sulfate synthesis was genetically abolished, demonstrated that HSPGs are not likely to function as hepatocyte Ad5 receptors in vivo. The data also demonstrate that HSPGs are required for hepatocyte transduction by AAV2. These results reopen the question of the identity of the Ad5 receptor in vivo and emphasize the necessity of demonstrating the nature of the receptor by genetic means, both for understanding Ad5 entry into cells in vivo and for optimization of Ad5 vectors as therapeutic agents.
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Hong MY, Hartig N, Kaufman K, Hooshmand S, Figueroa A, Kern M. Watermelon consumption improves inflammation and antioxidant capacity in rats fed an atherogenic diet. Nutr Res 2015; 35:251-8. [PMID: 25631716 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. Watermelon, rich in antioxidants and other bioactive components, may be a viable method to improve CVD risk factors through reduced oxidative stress. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of watermelon powder consumption on lipid profiles, antioxidant capacity, and inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated rats fed an atherogenic diet. We hypothesized that watermelon would increase antioxidant capacity and reduce blood lipids and inflammation through modulation of related gene expression. Forty male-weanling (21 days old) Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (10 per group, total N = 40) in a 2 diets (control or 0.33% watermelon) × 2 treatments (with or without DSS) factorial design using an atherogenic diet. Watermelon-fed groups exhibited significantly lower serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P< .05). C-reactive protein levels were significantly lower in watermelon-fed rats than the control (P= .001). In addition, oxidative stress as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was significantly lower in watermelon groups (P= .001). Total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were greater in watermelon groups (P< .05). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in DSS-treated rats when watermelon was consumed (P< .05). Fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression was significantly downregulated in the watermelon group without DSS (P< .05). These findings indicate that watermelon improves risk factors for CVD in rats through better lipid profiles, lower inflammation, and greater antioxidant capacity by altering gene expression for lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego CA USA 92182.
| | - Nicole Hartig
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego CA USA 92182
| | - Katy Kaufman
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego CA USA 92182
| | - Shirin Hooshmand
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego CA USA 92182
| | - Arturo Figueroa
- Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - Mark Kern
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego CA USA 92182
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