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Tuck B, Watkin E, Somers A, Forsyth M, Machuca LL. Conditioning of metal surfaces enhances Shewanella chilikensis adhesion. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:207-222. [PMID: 35345940 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2039349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbiologically influenced corrosion and biofouling of steels depend on the adsorption of a conditioning film and subsequent attachment of bacteria. Extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA) and amino acids are biologically critical nutrient sources and are ubiquitous in marine environments. However, little is known about their role as conditioning film molecules in early biofilm formation on metallic surfaces. The present study evaluated the capacity for eDNA and amino acids to form a conditioning film on carbon steel (CS), and subsequently, the influence of these conditioning films on bacterial attachment using a marine bacterial strain. Conditioning films of eDNA or amino acids were formed on CS through physical adsorption. Biochemical and microscopic analysis of eDNA conditioning, amino acid conditioning and control CS surfaces demonstrated that organic conditioning surfaces promoted bacterial attachment. The results highlight the importance of conditioning the surface in initial bacterial attachment to steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tuck
- Curtin Corrosion Centre, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Watkin
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Somers
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Forsyth
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura L Machuca
- Curtin Corrosion Centre, WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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2
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Investigating Extracellular DNA Release in Staphylococcus xylosus Biofilm In Vitro. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112192. [PMID: 34835318 PMCID: PMC8617998 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus xylosus forms biofilm embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. As extracellular DNA (eDNA) resulting from cell lysis has been found in several staphylococcal biofilms, we investigated S. xylosus biofilm in vitro by a microscopic approach and identified the mechanisms involved in cell lysis by a transcriptomic approach. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analyses of the biofilms, together with DNA staining and DNase treatment, revealed that eDNA constituted an important component of the matrix. This eDNA resulted from cell lysis by two mechanisms, overexpression of phage-related genes and of cidABC encoding a holin protein that is an effector of murein hydrolase activity. This lysis might furnish nutrients for the remaining cells as highlighted by genes overexpressed in nucleotide salvage, in amino sugar catabolism and in inorganic ion transports. Several genes involved in DNA/RNA repair and genes encoding proteases and chaperones involved in protein turnover were up-regulated. Furthermore, S. xylosus perceived osmotic and oxidative stresses and responded by up-regulating genes involved in osmoprotectant synthesis and in detoxification. This study provides new insight into the physiology of S. xylosus in biofilm.
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3
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Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169100. [PMID: 34445806 PMCID: PMC8396552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of biofilms have arisen. The emergence of the role that biofilms play in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant and persistent clinical infections, such as periprosthetic orthopedic infections, has reinforced scientific interest. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a recently uncovered component that is proving to be almost omnipresent in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm. This macromolecule is eliciting unprecedented consideration for the critical impact on the pathogenesis of chronic clinical infections. After a systematic review of the literature, an updated description of eDNA in biofilms is presented, with a special focus on the latest findings regarding its fundamental structural role and the contribution it makes to the complex architecture of bacterial biofilms through interactions with a variety of other molecular components of the biofilm matrix.
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4
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Biosurfactant synergized with marine bacterial DNase disrupts polymicrobial biofilms. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:831-842. [PMID: 34169451 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the occurrence of biofilm associated infection has become an alarming menace to the medical fraternity because the thick exopolysaccharide layer encasing the biofilms makes the biofilm producing pathogens inherently resistant to antibiotics. Candida albicans, the most common pathogen among Candida spp. is the causative agent for superficial and invasive candidiasis. The morphological phase switching from yeast to hyphal form is one of the virulent traits of C. albicans critical for its pathogenicity. Owing to the emergence of antifungal resistance among this opportunistic fungus, there is a dire need for improvised alternative antifungal agents. In the present study, we have evaluated a biosurfactant from a marine bacterium for its biofilm disruption ability against C. albicans. This biosurfactant had the potential to disrupt biofilms as well as to inhibit the morphological transition from yeast to hyphae. In addition, this biosurfactant showed enhance disruption of mixed species biofilms of C. albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis when combined with DNase isolated from marine bacteria. From the results obtained, it is evident that the biosurfactant could act as a potential antibiofilm agent against drug resistant C. albicans strains.
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5
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Roy R, You RI, Chang CH, Yang CY, Lin NT. Carboxy-Terminal Processing Protease Controls Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Biofilm in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061336. [PMID: 34203028 PMCID: PMC8234194 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxy-terminal processing protease (Ctp) is a serine protease that controls multiple cellular processes through posttranslational modification of proteins. Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 ctp mutant, namely MR14, is known to cause cell wall defects and autolysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ctp mutation-driven autolysis in regulating biofilms in A. baumannii and to evaluate the vesiculation caused by cell wall defects. We found that in A. baumannii, Ctp is localized in the cytoplasmic membrane, and loss of Ctp function enhances the biofilm-forming ability of A. baumannii. Quantification of the matrix components revealed that extracellular DNA (eDNA) and proteins were the chief constituents of MR14 biofilm, and the transmission electron microscopy further indicated the presence of numerous dead cells compared with ATCC 17978. The large number of MR14 dead cells is potentially the result of compromised outer membrane integrity, as demonstrated by its high sensitivity to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MR14 also exhibited the hypervesiculation phenotype, producing outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) of large mean size. The MR14 OMVs were more cytotoxic toward A549 cells than ATCC 17978 OMVs. Our overall results indicate that A. baumanniictp negatively controls pathogenic traits through autolysis and OMV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Roy
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Ren-In You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Chan-Hua Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chiou-Ying Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Y.); (N.-T.L.); Tel.: +886-3-856 5301 (ext. 2080) (N.-T.L.); Fax: +886-3-8566724 (N.-T.L.)
| | - Nien-Tsung Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No. 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd., Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.Y.); (N.-T.L.); Tel.: +886-3-856 5301 (ext. 2080) (N.-T.L.); Fax: +886-3-8566724 (N.-T.L.)
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Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:32-56. [PMID: 33690911 PMCID: PMC9413593 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Mashburn-Warren
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Lyu Z, Shang Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Zheng J, Liu H, Gong T, Ye L, Qu D. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to the Extracellular Domain of Histidine Kinase YycG of Staphylococcus epidermidis Inhibit Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1839. [PMID: 32849437 PMCID: PMC7426370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently associated with biofilm-related infections. Biofilms drastically reduce the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. In S. epidermidis biofilm formation, a major role is played by the YycG/YycF two-component system, and previous findings have indicated that inhibitors targeting the cytoplasmic HATPase_c domain of YycG kinase in S. epidermidis exhibit bactericidal and biofilm-killing activities. Therefore, we hypothesized that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against YycG extracellular (YycGex) domain would block the signal transduction and influence the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. In this study, we screened out two YycGex-specific mAbs showing the highest affinity for the target, mAbs 2F3 and 1H1. These mAbs inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, and at a concentration of 160 μg/mL, mAbs 2F3 and 1H1 caused 78.3 and 93.1% biofilm reduction, respectively, relative to normal mouse IgG control. When co-cultivated with YycGex mAbs, S. epidermidis cells showed diminished initial-adherence capacity, and the antibody treatment further led to a marked decrease in the synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and in the transcriptional level of genes encoding proteins involved in biofilm formation. Lastly, we determined that the epitopes recognized by the two YycGex mAbs are located within aa 59–70 of the YycGex domain. It indicates that the YycGex domain may be a potential candidate as a vaccine for the prevention of S. epidermidis biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Eze EC, El Zowalaty ME. Combined Effects Of Low Incubation Temperature, Minimal Growth Medium, And Low Hydrodynamics Optimize Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3523-3536. [PMID: 31814741 PMCID: PMC6863185 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s203919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor expressed by Acinetobacter baumannii. It shields and protects microbial cells from host immune responses, antibiotics, and other anti-infectives. Its effects on Acinetobacter baumannii infection treatments notwithstanding, important environmental factors that influence its formation have not been fully investigated. METHODS Biofilm formation was assessed using the qualitative modified Congo red assay and quantitative microtiter plate methods. The combined effect of temperature, medium and shear force was determined by measuring adherence (OD570 nm) in microtiter plate after incubation at 26°C, 30°C, and 37°C when biofilm-grown cells were cultured in the presence of minimal nutrient medium (EAOB) and nutrient-rich medium (TSB) without or with agitation at 50 rpm. Antibiotics susceptibility of meropenem, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were tested with Kirby-Bauer disc method. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant in all the tests. RESULTS A noticeable variation in adherence was observed among the isolates cultured with both media. Biofilm forming capacity of the isolates range from 0.09-0.33. The majority of the isolates had their relative biofilm-forming capacity significantly (p<0.05) higher than the positive control, Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 19606. The biofilm biomass during growth in nutrient-rich medium (TSB) without shaking was significantly different (p<0.05; Tukey's test) among the three temperatures tested compared with when it was cultured in EAOB without shaking. A positive correlation was observed between biofilm formation and resistance to imipenem (r=0.2889; p=0.05). There was a statistically significant difference among the median of the three source groups (p<0.05) compared with the median between the source groups. CONCLUSION This observation extended further the view that A. baumannii biofilm formation is enhanced when nutrient-poor medium is used at room temperature (26°C) with or without agitation compared to growth at 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Eze
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Virology and Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban4000, South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Anti-Infective Research Group, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, UAE
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Solyanikova IP, Golovleva LA. Hexadecane and Hexadecane-Degrading Bacteria: Mechanisms of Interaction. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Sigurlásdóttir S, Wassing GM, Zuo F, Arts M, Jonsson AB. Deletion of D-Lactate Dehydrogenase A in Neisseria meningitidis Promotes Biofilm Formation Through Increased Autolysis and Extracellular DNA Release. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 30891026 PMCID: PMC6411758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis is a Gram-negative bacterium that asymptomatically colonizes the human nasopharyngeal mucosa. Pilus-mediated initial adherence of N. meningitidis to the epithelial mucosa is followed by the formation of three-dimensional aggregates, called microcolonies. Dispersal from microcolonies contributes to the transmission of N. meningitidis across the epithelial mucosa. We have recently discovered that environmental concentrations of host cell-derived lactate influences N. meningitidis microcolony dispersal. Here, we examined the ability of N. meningitidis mutants deficient in lactate metabolism to form biofilms. A lactate dehydrogenease A (ldhA) mutant had an increased level of biofilm formation. Deletion of ldhA increased the N. meningitidis cell surface hydrophobicity and aggregation. In this study, we used FAM20, which belongs to clonal complex ST-11 that forms biofilms independently of extracellular DNA (eDNA). However, treatment with DNase I abolished the increased biofilm formation and aggregation of the ldhA-deficient mutant, suggesting a critical role for eDNA. Compared to wild-type, the ldhA-deficient mutant exhibited an increased autolytic rate, with significant increases in the eDNA concentrations in the culture supernatants and in biofilms. Within the ldhA mutant biofilm, the transcription levels of the capsule, pilus, and bacterial lysis genes were downregulated, while norB, which is associated with anaerobic respiration, was upregulated. These findings suggest that the absence of ldhA in N. meningitidis promotes biofilm formation and aggregation through autolysis-mediated DNA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigurlásdóttir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela M Wassing
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fanglei Zuo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Arts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Beth Jonsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Subbiahdoss G, Zeng G, Aslan H, Ege Friis J, Iruthayaraj J, Zelikin AN, Meyer RL. Antifouling properties of layer by layer DNA coatings. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:75-88. [PMID: 30821496 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1568417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fouling is a major concern for solid/liquid interfaces of materials used in different applications. One approach of fouling control is the use of hydrophilic polymer coatings made from poly-anions and poly-cations using the layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The authors hypothesized that the poly-anionic properties and the poly-phosphate backbone of DNA would provide anti-biofouling and anti-scaling properties. To this end, poly(ethyleneimine)/DNA LBL coatings against microbial and inorganic fouling were developed, characterized and evaluated. DNA LBL coatings reduced inorganic fouling from tap water by 90% when incubated statically or under flow conditions mimicking surfaces in heat exchangers. The coatings also impaired biofilm formation by 93% on stainless steel from tap water, and resulted in a 97% lower adhesion force and reduced initial attachment of the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass. This study demonstrates a proof of concept that LBL coatings with poly-anions harboring phosphate groups can address fouling in several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanghong Zeng
- a Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Hüsnü Aslan
- a Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Jakob Ege Friis
- b Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Joseph Iruthayaraj
- b Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- a Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
- d Department of Bioscience , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
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12
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Romero CM, Martorell PV, López AG, Peñalver CGN, Chaves S, Mechetti M. Architecture and physicochemical characterization of Bacillus biofilm as a potential enzyme immobilization factory. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 162:246-255. [PMID: 29216511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis for industrial application is based on the use of enzymes to perform complex transformations. However, these systems have some disadvantage related to the costs of the biocatalyst. In this work, an alternative strategy for producing green immobilized biocatalysts based on biofilm was developed.A study of the rheological behavior of the biofilm from Bacillus sp. Mcn4, as well as the determination of its composition, was carried out. The dynamic rheological measurements, viscosity (G") and elasticity (G') module, showed that the biofilm presents appreciable elastic components, which is a recognized property for enzymes immobilization. After the partial purification, the exopolysaccharidewas identified as a levan with a non-Newtonian behavior. Extracellular DNA with fragments between 10,000 and 1000bp was detected also in the biofilm, and amyloid protein in the extracellular matrix using a fluorescence technique was identified. Bacillus sp. Mcn4 biofilms were developed on different surfaces, being the most stable those developed on hydrophilic supports. The biofilm showed lipase activity suggesting the presence of constitutive lipases entrapped into the biofilm. Indeed, two enzymes with lipase activity were identified in native PAGE. These were used as biocatalysts, whose reuse showed a residual lipase activity after more than one cycle of catalysis. The components identified in the biofilm could be the main contributors of the rheological characteristic of this material, giving an exceptional environment to the lipase enzyme. Based on these findings, the current study proposes green and natural biopolymers matrix as support for the enzyme immobilization for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Romero
- PROIMI, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T4001 MVB, Tucumán Fac. Bioq., Qca. y Farmacia (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - P V Martorell
- PROIMI, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T4001 MVB, Tucumán Fac. Bioq., Qca. y Farmacia (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - A Gómez López
- Laboratorio de Física de Fluidos y Electrorreología, Instituto de Física del Noroeste Argentino-INFINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
| | - C G Nieto Peñalver
- PROIMI, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T4001 MVB, Tucumán Fac. Bioq., Qca. y Farmacia (UNT), Ayacucho 471, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - S Chaves
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Instituto de Química Biológica "Dr. Bernabé Bloj", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT. Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M Mechetti
- Laboratorio de Física de Fluidos y Electrorreología, Instituto de Física del Noroeste Argentino-INFINOA (CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Independencia 1800, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
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13
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Farisa Banu S, Rubini D, Rakshitaa S, Chandrasekar K, Murugan R, Wilson A, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Nithyanand P. Antivirulent Properties of Underexplored Cinnamomum tamala Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Effects with DNase against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms - An In Vitro Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1144. [PMID: 28694794 PMCID: PMC5483474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen colonizing patients with chronic infectious diseases and has gained resistance to all the known broad spectrum antibiotics available today. The present study showcases the antibiofilm potential of an essential oil (EO) from an underexplored Cinnamomum species namely, C. tamala, against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of the EO along with a commercially available DNase (DNaseI) and a DNase (MBD) isolated from a marine bacterium were explored for its antibiofilm activity. The results showed that the synergized action has maximum efficacy in inhibiting young and preformed biofilms. The synergized effect of EO and DNaseI showed 70% inhibition against matured biofilms of P. aeruginosa. The EO from C. tamala also showed quorum sensing inhibitory potential as it could inhibit the swarming motility behavior of P. aeruginosa. The synergistic action of EO and DNases offers a novel alternate therapeutic strategy for combating P. aeruginosa biofilm associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Sairam Rakshitaa
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Kamaraj Chandrasekar
- Govind Ballabh Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentAlmora, India
| | - Ramar Murugan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Aruni Wilson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma LindaCA, United States
| | | | | | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India.,Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
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Techaruvichit P, Takahashi H, Kuda T, Miya S, Keeratipibul S, Kimura B. Adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni to biocides used in the food industry affects biofilm structure, adhesion strength, and cross-resistance to clinical antimicrobial compounds. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:827-839. [PMID: 27353218 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1198476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of biocide-adapted Campylobacter jejuni strains that developed into biofilms and their potential to develop clinical resistance to antimicrobial compounds was studied. C. jejuni was grown in sub-lethal concentrations of five biocides used in the food industry. C. jejuni exhibited adaptation to these biocides with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations. The 3-D structures of the biofilms produced by the biocide-adapted cells were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results revealed marked variability in biofilm architecture, including ice-crystal-like structures. Adaptation to the biocides enhanced biofilm formation, with significant increases in biovolume, surface coverage, roughness, and the surface adhesion force of the biofilms. Adaptation to commercial biocides induced resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. This study suggests that the inappropriate use of biocides may lead to cells being exposed to them at sub-lethal concentrations, which can result in adaptation of the pathogens to the biocides and a subsequent risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punnida Techaruvichit
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Kuda
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Satoko Miya
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Suwimon Keeratipibul
- b Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
- c Molecular Sensory Science Center, Faculty of Science , Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Bon Kimura
- a Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science , Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
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15
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Sahoo PK, Janissen R, Monteiro MP, Cavalli A, Murillo DM, Merfa MV, Cesar CL, Carvalho HF, de Souza AA, Bakkers EPAM, Cotta MA. Nanowire Arrays as Cell Force Sensors To Investigate Adhesin-Enhanced Holdfast of Single Cell Bacteria and Biofilm Stability. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4656-64. [PMID: 27336224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface attachment of a planktonic bacteria, mediated by adhesins and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), is a crucial step for biofilm formation. Some pathogens can modulate cell adhesiveness, impacting host colonization and virulence. A framework able to quantify cell-surface interaction forces and their dependence on chemical surface composition may unveil adhesiveness control mechanisms as new targets for intervention and disease control. Here we employed InP nanowire arrays to dissect factors involved in the early stage biofilm formation of the phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Ex vivo experiments demonstrate single-cell adhesion forces up to 45 nN, depending on the cell orientation with respect to the surface. Larger adhesion forces occur at the cell poles; secreted EPS layers and filaments provide additional mechanical support. Significant adhesion force enhancements were observed for single cells anchoring a biofilm and particularly on XadA1 adhesin-coated surfaces, evidencing molecular mechanisms developed by bacterial pathogens to create a stronger holdfast to specific host tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasana K Sahoo
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard Janissen
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology , 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Moniellen P Monteiro
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Cavalli
- Applied Physics Department, Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Duber M Murillo
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Merfa
- Citrus Center APTA "Sylvio Moreira", Agronomic Institute of Campinas , 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos L Cesar
- Quantum Electronics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Structural and Functional Biology Department, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas , 13083-865, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A de Souza
- Citrus Center APTA "Sylvio Moreira", Agronomic Institute of Campinas , 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erik P A M Bakkers
- Applied Physics Department, Eindhoven University of Technology , 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Monica A Cotta
- Applied Physics Department, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", State University of Campinas , 13083-859, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Okshevsky M, Regina VR, Meyer RL. Extracellular DNA as a target for biofilm control. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Allahrabbi N, Chia YSM, Saifullah MSM, Lim KM, Yung LYL. A hybrid dielectrophoretic system for trapping of microorganisms from water. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:034110. [PMID: 26180567 PMCID: PMC4474952 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the microbial safety of water resources is among the most critical issues in global water safety. As the current detection methods have limitations such as high cost and long process time, new detection techniques have transpired among which microfluidics is the most attractive alternative. Here, we show a novel hybrid dielectrophoretic (DEP) system to separate and detect two common waterborne pathogens, Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacterium, and Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), a protozoan parasite, from water. The hybrid DEP system integrates a chemical surface coating with a microfluidic device containing inter-digitated microelectrodes to impart positive dielectrophoresis for enhanced trapping of the cells. Trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) silane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (p-DADMAC) were used as surface coatings. Static cell adhesion tests showed that among these coatings, the p-DADMAC-coated glass surface provided the most effective cell adhesion for both the pathogens. This was attributed to the positively charged p-DADMAC-coated surface interacting electrostatically with the negatively charged cells suspended in water leading to increased cell trapping efficiency. The trapping efficiency of E. coli and C. parvum increased from 29.0% and 61.3% in an uncoated DEP system to 51.9% and 82.2% in the hybrid DEP system, respectively. The hybrid system improved the cell trapping by encouraging the formation of cell pearl-chaining. The increment in trapping efficiency in the hybrid DEP system was achieved at an optimal frequency of 1 MHz and voltage of 2.5 Vpp for C. parvum and 2 Vpp for E. coli, the latter is lower than 2.5 Vpp and 7 Vpp, respectively, utilized for obtaining similar efficiency in an uncoated DEP system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Shi Michelle Chia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mohammad S M Saifullah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kian-Meng Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore , 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lin Yue Lanry Yung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
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18
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Rochelle-Newall E, Nguyen TMH, Le TPQ, Sengtaheuanghoung O, Ribolzi O. A short review of fecal indicator bacteria in tropical aquatic ecosystems: knowledge gaps and future directions. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:308. [PMID: 25941519 PMCID: PMC4400915 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high numbers of deaths and the debilitating nature of diseases caused by the use of unclean water it is imperative that we have an understanding of the factors that control the dispersion of water borne pathogens and their respective indicators. This is all the more important in developing countries where significant proportions of the population often have little or no access to clean drinking water supplies. Moreover, and notwithstanding the importance of these bacteria in terms of public health, at present little work exists on the persistence, transfer and proliferation of these pathogens and their respective indicator organisms, e.g., fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms in humid tropical systems, such as are found in South East Asia or in the tropical regions of Africa. Both FIB and the waterborne pathogens they are supposed to indicate are particularly susceptible to shifts in water flow and quality and the predicted increases in rainfall and floods due to climate change will only exacerbate the problems of contamination. This will be furthermore compounded by the increasing urbanization and agricultural intensification that developing regions are experiencing. Therefore, recognizing and understanding the link between human activities, natural process and microbial functioning and their ultimate impacts on human health are prerequisites for reducing the risks to the exposed populations. Most of the existing work in tropical systems has been based on the application of temperate indicator organisms, models and mechanisms regardless of their applicability or appropriateness for tropical environments. Here, we present a short review on the factors that control FIB dynamics in temperate systems and discuss their applicability to tropical environments. We then highlight some of the knowledge gaps in order to stimulate future research in this field in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rochelle-Newall
- iEES-Paris, UMR 7618 (IRD-UPMC-CNRS-INRA-Université Paris-Est, Université Paris 7), Centre IRD Bondy, France
| | - Thi Mai Huong Nguyen
- iEES-Paris, UMR 7618 (IRD-UPMC-CNRS-INRA-Université Paris-Est, Université Paris 7), Centre IRD Bondy, France ; Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Quynh Le
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Oloth Sengtaheuanghoung
- Agriculture Land Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Vientiane, Laos
| | - Olivier Ribolzi
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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19
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Laganà P, Caruso G, Mazzù F, Caruso G, Parisi S, Santi Delia A. Brief Notes About Biofilms. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20559-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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