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Gayatri M, Jothipandiyan S, Azeez MKA, Sudharsan M, Suresh D, Nithyanand P. Novel thiazolinyl-picolinamide-based palladium(II) complex extenuates the virulence and biofilms of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) causing Candida. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00497-8. [PMID: 38467906 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Candida infections are growing all over the world as a result of their resistance to anti-fungal drugs. This raises concerns about public health, particularly in cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Therefore, the need for effective treatment options for Candida infections has become crucial. The main goal of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of novel palladium metal complexes against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp., particularly C. albicans and C. auris. The process begins with identifying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), followed by growth curve assays, colony morphology analysis, characterization, and gene expression analysis. The investigation revealed that sub-MIC of Pd(II) complex B (250 μg/mL) inhibited Candida spp. more effectively than amphotericin B (500 μg/mL). Further, Pd(II) complex B drastically reduced the growth of Candida spp. biofilms by 70-80% for nascent biofilms and 70-75% for mature biofilms. Additionally, the yeast-to-hyphal switch and SEM studies revealed that Pd(II) complex B effectively hinders the growth of drug-resistant Candida cells. The gene expression investigation also evidenced that Pd(II) complex B downregulated virulence genes in C. albicans (ERG, EFG, UME6, and HGC) and C. auris (ERG, CDR, and HGC). The findings showed that Pd(II) complex B effectively inhibited the growth of Candida biofilm formation and was reported as a potential anti-biofilm agent against Candida spp. that are resistant to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munieswaran Gayatri
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
- Organometallics and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Mohamed Khalid Abdul Azeez
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Murugesan Sudharsan
- Organometallics and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Devarajan Suresh
- Organometallics and Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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Kumar SAS, Krishnan D, Jothipandiyan S, Durai R, Hari BNV, Nithyanand P. Cell-free supernatants of probiotic consortia impede hyphal formation and disperse biofilms of vulvovaginal candidiasis causing Candida in an ex-vivo model. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2024; 117:37. [PMID: 38367023 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-024-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common vaginal infection caused by drug-resistant Candida species that affects about 70-75% of reproductive age group women across the globe. As current-day antifungal drugs are ineffective against the biofilms formed by the drug-resistant Candida strains, several natural compounds and antagonistic microbes are being explored as alternative antifungal agents. In the present study, we investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) extracted from the commercially available probiotics VSL-3 against the biofilms of Candida species and also evaluated their efficacy in curbing the yeast-to-hyphal transition. Various methodologies like crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the effect of CFS against the biofilms formed by the species. The ability of CFS to interfere with yeast to hyphal transition in Candida was studied by colony morphology assay and visually confirmed with phase contrast microscopy. The potential of the CFS of the probiotics was also evaluated using goat buccal tissue, a novel ex-vivo model that mimics the vaginal environment. Moreover, the supernatant extracted from VSL-3 had the ability to down-regulate the expression of virulence genes of Candida from the biofilm formed over the ex-vivo model. These results emphasize the anti-fungal and anti-infective properties of the CFS of VSL-3 against drug-resistant Candida strains causing vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudaarsan Aruna Senthil Kumar
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Dhesiga Krishnan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Sowndarya Jothipandiyan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Ramyadevi Durai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research On Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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Archana M, Rubini D, Dharshini KP, Hari BNV, Jayasankari S, Ramyadevi D, Gonciarz W, Domańska A, Brzeziński M, Nithyanand P. Development of an anti-infective urinary catheter composed of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/methylcellulose/polyethylene glycol by using a pressure-assisted 3D-printing technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126029. [PMID: 37524285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) are a common complication associated with catheterization, leading to urosepsis, bacteriuria, and septicaemia. The present work focuses on 3D printing a urinary catheter with anti-infective properties using various concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, e.g., 6-8 %), sodium alginate (NaAlg, e.g. 1-4 %), methylcellulose (MC, 5 %), polyethylene glycol (PEG, 5 %) impregnated with secnidazole, an antibiotic acting against Gram-negative bacteria. To produce suitable polymer ink for Pressure Assisted Microsyringe (PAM) 3D printing, the cross-linked between NaAlg and calcium chloride is necessary to prepare the catheter. The optimised catheter was found to have an outer diameter of 5 mm, an inner diameter of 3.5 mm, and a length of the catheter of 50 mm. The analysis by various methods confirms the successful incorporation of secnidazole in the 3D-printed catheter. A drug-loaded/coated catheter showed an initial drug release of 79 % following a sustained release to reach 100 % within 5 h. Weibull model fits well with the drug release data. The release models suggest the Quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism from the system. Moreover, the secnidazole 3D printed catheter disrupted biofilms and suppressed all the Quorum sensing mediated virulence factors of two important keystone pathogens causing urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menon Archana
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Priya Dharshini
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bodethala Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Senthilganesh Jayasankari
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durai Ramyadevi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weronika Gonciarz
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Domańska
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Brzeziński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Prabha S, Sowndarya J, Ram PJVS, Rubini D, Hari BNV, Aruni W, Nithyanand P. Chitosan-Coated Surgical Sutures Prevent Adherence and Biofilms of Mixed Microbial Communities. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:502-512. [PMID: 33389059 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sutures are widely used materials for closing the surgical wounds, and being an inert material, sutures are often colonized with drug-resistant polymicrobial biofilms. Surgical site infection (SSI) is a hospital-acquired infection caused by bacteria and fungi specifically in the sutured sites. Although most of the currently available sutures possess antibacterial property, their ability to prevent biofilm colonization by polymicrobial communities is underexplored. So, the present study shows that extracted chitosan (EC) from crab shells prevented the adherence of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, the predominant members that exist as mixed species at the site of SSI. In comparison with a commercial chitosan, EC showed profound inhibition of slime formation and mixed species biofilm inhibition. Intriguingly, EC-coated sutures could inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal pathogens when comparing with a commercial triclosan-coated suture which was active only against the bacterial pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed inhibition of C. albicans hyphal formation by the EC-coated sutures that is a crucial virulence factor responsible for tissue invasiveness. Collectively, the results of the present study showed that EC from crab shells (discarded material as a recalcitrant biowaste) could be used as an alternative to combat drug-resistant biofilms which are the prime cause for SSIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Prabha
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Jothipandiyan Sowndarya
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Parepalli Janaki Venkata Sai Ram
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Wilson Aruni
- US Department of Veteran Affairs, Loma Linda, VA, USA
- California University of Science and Medicine, San Bernardino, California, USA
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases [CRID], School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India.
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Nithyanand P, Krishnasamy L, Senthilganesh J, Saikumar C. Biofilm-forming fluconazole-resistant Candida auris causing vulvovaginal candidiasis in an immunocompetent patient: A case report. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.306768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Rubini D, Vedha Hari BN, Nithyanand P. Chitosan coated catheters alleviates mixed species biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117192. [PMID: 33183634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms which adhere to the surfaces of indwelling medical implants develop into a sessile microbial community to form monomicrobial or polymicrobial biofilms. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans are the most common pathogens co-isolated from device mediated infections. Hence development of catheters coated with anti-fouling substances is of great interest. In this current study, chitosan, extracted from the shells of marine crab Portunus sanguinolentus was coated over the surface of the urinary catheters and checked for its efficacy to inhibit the adherence of both mono and mixed species biofilms. The Extracted Chitosan (EC) coated catheters showed profound activity in reducing the preformed biofilms and the other virulence factors of the pathogens like slime production in S. epidermidis and yeast to hyphal swtich in C. albicans. Furthermore, qPCR analysis showed that EC could downregulate the virulence genes in both the pathogens when grown as monospecies and mixed species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401 Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sowndarya J, Rubini D, Sinsinwar S, Senthilkumar M, Nithyanand P, Vadivel V. Gallic Acid an Agricultural Byproduct Modulates the Biofilm Matrix Exopolysaccharides of the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3339-3354. [PMID: 32749521 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne plant pathogen which causes wilt disease in economically important crops of the Solanaceae family in tropical and temperate regions. As biofilm formation is the major virulence factor in R. solanacearum, research inputs are necessary to identify natural biofilm inhibitors to mitigate virulence of this bacterium. Hence in the present work, the anti-biofilm potential of phytochemical compound gallic acid (GA) isolated from an agricultural byproduct (cashewnut shell) was investigated. Initially the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of crude extracts of cashewnut shell and coconut shell against R. solanacearum were investigated. The MIC of both the extracts were 400 µg/ml and their sub-MIC (200 µg/ml) inhibited biofilms in the range of 62-70% and 49-57%, respectively. As the cashewnut shell extract have higher biofilm inhibitory effect compared to coconut shell extract, we proceeded our further study by isolating the major compound GA from cashewnut shell by acid hydrolysate method. The sub-MIC of crude cashewnut shell extract inhibited 85% of young biofilms. The MIC of GA were observed at 3 mg/ml and sub-MIC (1.5 mg/ml) was found to eradicate 85% of mature biofilms which was confirmed by standard crystal violet assay and the biofilm reduction was further visualized under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopic images. Toxicity of GA was evaluated against R. solanacearum through XTT cell viability assay and found no antibacterial effect at sub-MIC. Additionally, it is confirmed with growth curve and time kill assays. Swimming and twitching motility were considered as an important virulence factors to invade plants and to block the xylem vessels. Therefore, sub-MIC of GA was found to inhibit both swimming and twitching motility of about 93% and 63% respectively. Anti-biofilm efficacy of GA was also worked well with tomato plant model where remarkable biofilm inhibition was found on treatment with GA before and after 24 h of infection with R. solanacearum. Hence GA will be an alternative, cheap source which is eco-friendly as well as novel source for the treatment of R. solanacearum biofilms and to prevent wilt disease in important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothipandiyan Sowndarya
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Simran Sinsinwar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory (ASK II 409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Murugaiyan Senthilkumar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory (ASK II 409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India.
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Rajkumar D, Rubini D, Sudharsan M, Suresh D, Nithyanand P. Novel thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complex-impregnated urinary catheters quench the virulence and disintegrate the biofilms of uropathogens. Biofouling 2020; 36:351-367. [PMID: 32401555 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1765159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens are prominent members belonging to the group of ESKAPE pathogens responsible for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) and nosocomial infections. Both the pathogens regulate several virulence factors, including biofilm formation through quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication mechanism. The present study describes the anti-biofilm and QS quenching effect of thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium(II) complexes against P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. Palladium(II) complexes showed quorum sensing inhibitory potential in inhibiting swarming motility behaviour, pyocyanin production and other QS mediated virulence factors in both P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. In addition, the establishment of biofilms was prevented on palladium (II) coated catheters. Overall, the present study demonstrates that thiazolinyl-picolinamide based palladium (II) complexes will be a promising strategy to combat device-mediated UTI infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Rajkumar
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sudharsan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rubini D, Varthan PV, Jayasankari S, Vedahari BN, Nithyanand P. Suppressing the phenotypic virulence factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli using marine polysaccharide. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103973. [PMID: 31927002 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the keystone pathogen that cause 80-90% of community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) and Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Pathogenicity and ability of UPEC to colonize the bladder majorly relies on the expression of phenotypic virulence factors like flagella, pili, curli, and non pilus adhesion. Pathogens that colonize on the indwelling medical devices are able to communicate using quorum sensing (QS) signals. QS Plays a vital role in coordinating biofilm formation which results in the bacterial cells encased inside an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Chitosan is a marine polysaccharide which is known for its antibacterial activity. In the present study we investigated the ability of chitosan extracted from marine biowaste to mitigate the QS mediated biofilm formation in UPEC. Extracted chitosan (EC) and Commercial chitosan (CC) showed percentage inhibition of 80-85% and 60-75% respectively on young biofilm inhibition and preformed biofilm disruption. EC and CC were assessed for its ability to suppress QS mediated virulence in UPEC. Hemolysis assay showed a percentage inhibition of 79% against EC. Both chitosan showed profound activity to suppress the phenotypic virulence factors like swarming motility which is mediated by type I pili and colony morphology assay showed repression in cellulose production in UPEC. Furthermore, Real-Time PCR confirmed the ability of EC to down regulate the virulent genes which are responsible for invasion in UPEC. Accordingly, the current study foresees the quorum sensing inhibiting (QSI) potential of chitosan extracted from marine biowaste which offers an antibiotic free approach to combat UTI caused by UPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Vishnu Varthan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilganesh Jayasankari
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedahari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Farisa Banu S, Thamotharan S, Gowrishankar S, Karutha Pandian S, Nithyanand P. Marine bacterial DNase curtails virulence and disrupts biofilms of Candida albicans and non -albicans Candida species. Biofouling 2019; 35:975-985. [PMID: 31779493 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1680650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida is one of the most prevalent fungal pathogens in clinical settings which form antibiotic-resistant biofilms on biomedical devices. Hence, there is a need for non-antimicrobial alternatives to combat these infections. The present study investigates the anti-biofilm effect of marine bacterial DNase by targeting the eDNA present in the biofilms of Candida spp. A strain of Vibrio alginolyticus (AMSII) which showed enhanced DNase activity was isolated from marine sediment. Treatment of young and mature Candida biofilms with purified marine bacterial DNase (MBD) caused a 60-80% reduction in biofilm biomass, similar to treatment with DNase I from Bovine pancreas. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MBD significantly reduced the formation of biofilms on urinary catheters and more importantly prevented the virulent yeast to hyphae dimorphic switch in C. albicans. The present study identified a potential non-antibiotic alternative therapy to eradicate Candida biofilms and can be used to develop enzyme fabricated antifouling indwelling medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ayaz Ahmed KB, Subramaniyan SB, Banu SF, Nithyanand P, Anbazhagan V. Corrigendum to "Jacalin-copper sulphide nanoparticles complex enhance the antibacterial activity against drug resistant bacteria via cell surface glycan recognition" [Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces 163 (2018) 209-217]. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110376. [PMID: 31352252 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Behlol Ayaz Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Bala Subramaniyan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veerappan Anbazhagan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Sowndarya J, Farisa Banu S, Madhura G, Yuvalakshmi P, Rubini D, Bandeira Junior G, Baldisserotto B, Vadivel V, Nithyanand P. Agro food by-products and essential oil constituents curtail virulence and biofilm of Vibrio harveyi. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103633. [PMID: 31326562 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi causes severe loss to the aquaculture industry due to its virulence, which is mediated by Quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation. In the current study, we have explored the anti-virulent properties and biofilm disruption ability of luteolin (extracted from coconut shell) and linalool against this important aquaculture pathogen. HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of coconut shells revealed a single major peak which matched to the standard luteolin which was further elucidated by NMR studies. Further, luteolin and linalool were screened for their ability to inhibit biofilms and various quorum sensing mediated virulence factors of V. harveyi. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the two compounds was determined and the sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were able to inhibit biofilm formation. Both the compounds disrupted about 60-70% mature biofilms, which was also visually observed by light microscopy. Both linalool and luteolin exhibited a significant reduction in the production of EPS and alginate in the biofilms matrix of V. harveyi which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Both compounds inhibited the swarming and swimming motility, the crucial quorum sensing (QS) mediated virulence of V. harveyi. The present study shows the presence of valuable polyphenolic compound like luteolin in coconut shells that are discarded as a waste. From the present study we envisage that luteolin and linalool can serve as potent anti-virulent agents to combat QS mediated infections against aquaculture pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothipandiyan Sowndarya
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunasekaran Madhura
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabakaran Yuvalakshmi
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guerino Bandeira Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT/CARISM), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401,Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rubini D, Banu SF, Subramani P, Hari BNV, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Wilson A, Nithyanand P. Extracted chitosan disrupts quorum sensing mediated virulence factors in Urinary tract infection causing pathogens. Pathog Dis 2019; 77:5364546. [PMID: 30801640 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role during the aetiology of urinary tract infection (UTI), as several virulence factors are under the regulation of QS. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, the primary causative agents of UTI, employ acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as signal molecules to coordinate various virulence factors. In this present study, chitosan extracted from the marine crab Portunus sanguinolentus was screened for its ability to inhibit the QS-signaling molecules of P. aeruginosa (PA01) and few clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. The extracted chitosan on comparison with a commercial chitosan showed significant inhibition of several QS-dependent virulence factors in P. aeruginosa and S. marscenes. Furthermore, qPCR analysis was carried out to confirm the down-regulation of fimA, fimC and flhD genes involved in adhesion and pathogenesis of S. marcescens and lasI and rhlI genes that governs the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing system. Moreover, the chitosan when coated on a catheter was also able to disrupt the mature biofilms which was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the present study showcases the QS inhibitory property of extracted chitosan from crab shells which is being discarded as a recalcitrant biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabha Subramani
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Vedha Hari
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi - 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aruni Wilson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401,Tamil Nadu, India
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Prakash A, Vadivel V, Rubini D, Nithyanand P. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of linalool nanoemulsions against Salmonella Typhimurium. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Prakash A, Nithyanand P, Vadivel V. In vitro antibacterial activity of nut by-products against foodborne pathogens and their application in fresh-cut fruit model. J Food Sci Technol 2018; 55:4304-4310. [PMID: 30228429 PMCID: PMC6133848 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous extract of nut by-products (cashewnut shell, coconut shell, and peanut hull) were studied for their physicochemical properties, antibacterial activity and food preservation potential in an artificially inoculated fresh-cut fruit (papaya) model. Physicochemical characteristics revealed the colour, odor, nearly neutral pH (6.67-6.83), high water solubility (69.18-82.63%) and total phenolic content (1130.54-2403.41 mg GAE/100 g) of the extracts. The antibacterial property of the extracts evaluated by zone of inhibition assay revealed that cashew nut shell extract had a strong inhibition effect on Escherichia coli (18 mm), Listeria monocytogenes (18 mm), and Salmonella enterica (16 mm). Food preservative effect of extracts was examined in an artificially inoculated fresh-cut papaya model, and both cashewnut and coconut shell extracts significantly reduced the population of the above mentioned foodborne pathogens. However, when compared to coconut shell extract, the application of cashewnut shell extract was found to affect the sensory property of the fresh-cut fruit as darkening of the cut fruit was observed. So, the coconut shell extract could be considered as a natural source of antibacterial agent for food preservative applications. Phytochemical investigation through LC-MS/MS technique revealed that luteolin as the major constituent of coconut shell extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Prakash
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu India
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Sinsinwar S, Sarkar MK, Suriya KR, Nithyanand P, Vadivel V. Use of agricultural waste (coconut shell) for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial activity against selected human pathogens. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:30-37. [PMID: 30120992 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is environmentally satisfactory because of their low cost and safe to nature. In the present study, extract of an agricultural waste, coconut (Cocos nucifera) shell is used to synthesize AgNPs and their antibacterial effect was investigated against selected human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium. The AgNPs synthesized using coconut shell extract (CSE-AgNPs) were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (absorption peak at 432 nm), Transmission Electron Microscopy (spherical shaped particles size of 14.2-22.96 nm), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy indicating the CSE capping around the AgNPs (Peaks 1384, 1609 and 3418 corresponds to organic molecules) and X-Ray Diffraction (Peak at 32.078 and 2-Theta). CSE-AgNPs exhibited zone of inhibition against S. aureus (15 mm), E. coli (13 mm), S. typhimurium (13 mm) and L. monocytogenes (10 mm) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 26, 53, 106 and 212 μg/ml, respectively. Growth curve assay showed the effectiveness of CSE-AgNPs to inhibit the selected pathogens when compared to amphicillin control and extract. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the cell wall degradation might be the possible mechanism of antibacterial action of CSE-AgNPs. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0.078-2.5 mg/ml) showed no toxicity against human PBMC cell line. Hence, such highly effective CSE-AgNPs could be explored as antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sinsinwar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Monaj Kumar Sarkar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Karmegam Rohit Suriya
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, TamilNadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
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Rubini D, Banu SF, Nisha P, Murugan R, Thamotharan S, Percino MJ, Subramani P, Nithyanand P. Essential oils from unexplored aromatic plants quench biofilm formation and virulence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2018; 122:162-173. [PMID: 29920307 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the current study we have evaluated the antibiofilm and antivirulent properties of unexplored essential oils (EOs) obtained from Pogostemon heyneanus and Cinnamomum tamala against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The EOs from both the aromatic plants was screened for their ability to prevent biofilm formation and to disrupt preformed biofilms. The efficacy of both the EOs to disrupt the preformed biofilms of various MRSA strains was determined by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).The EOs were further able to reduce the Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and slime synthesis the two factors of the biofilm assemblage. The EOs was also found to be effective in reducing virulence factors like staphyloxanthin and hemolysin. In silico docking studies were performed for the major components of essential oils and dehydroxysqualene synthase of MRSA which is responsible for the synthesis of staphyloxanthin. The results suggest that (E)-nerolidol showed better binding affinity towards the enzyme. Other compounds have similar binding strengths with the enzyme. Furthermore, the synergistic effect EOs along with the commercially available DNaseI and Marine Bacterial DNase (MBD) showed that the synergistic effect had enhanced biofilm disruption ability. The results show that EOs from P. heyneanus and C. tamala has potential antivirulent and biofilm inhibitory properties against clinical and drug resistant S. aureus strains. The present study highlights the importance of bioprospecting plant based natural products as an alternative for antibiotics owing to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prakash Nisha
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Murugan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - María Judith Percino
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Complejo de Ciencias, ICUAP, Edif. 103H, 22 Sur y San Claudio, Puebla, Puebla, C.P. 72570, Mexico
| | - Prabha Subramani
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Rubini D, Farisa Banu S, Veda Hari BN, Ramya Devi D, Gowrishankar S, Karutha Pandian S, Nithyanand P. Chitosan extracted from marine biowaste mitigates staphyloxanthin production and biofilms of Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:733-744. [PMID: 29908268 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of biofilm-associated and indwelling device related infections. The present study explores the anti-virulent and antibiofilm potency of chitosan extracted from the shells of the marine crab Portunus sanguinolentus against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The chemical characterization results revealed that the extracted chitosan (EC) has structural analogy to that of a commercial chitosan (CC). The extracted chitosan was found to be effective in reducing the staphyloxanthin pigment, a characteristic virulence feature of MRSA that promotes resistance to reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) revealed that EC exhibited a phenomenal dose dependent antibiofilm efficacy against mature biofilms of the standard as well as clinical MRSA strains and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed EC had a higher efficacy in disrupting the thick Exopolysaccharide (EPS) layer than CC. Additionally, EC and CC did not have any cytotoxic effects when tested on lung epithelial cell lines. Thus, the study exemplifies the anti-virulent properties of a marine bioresource which is till date discarded as a biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Narayanan Veda Hari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Durai Ramya Devi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Farisa Banu S, Rubini D, Shanmugavelan P, Murugan R, Gowrishankar S, Karutha Pandian S, Nithyanand P. Effects of patchouli and cinnamon essential oils on biofilm and hyphae formation by Candida species. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:332-339. [PMID: 29571979 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and fatality rates with biofilm-associated candidal infections have remained a challenge to the medical fraternity despite major advances in the field of antifungal therapy. Traditionally, essential oils (EOs) from the aromatic plants have been found to be excellent therapeutic agents to treat fungal ailments. The present study explores the antivirulent and antibiofilm effects of under explored leaf EOs of Indian patchouli EO extracted from Pogostemon heyneanus (PH), Indian cassia from Cinnamomum tamala (CT) and camphor EO from C. camphora (CC) against Candida species. The EOs were investigated for its efficacy to disrupt the young and preformed Candida spp. biofilms and to inhibit the yeast to hyphal transition, a hallmark virulent trait of C. albicans. The ability of these EOs to inhibit metabolically active cells was assessed through XTT assay. Of these three EOs, CT EO showed enhanced biofilm inhibition than others and hence it was further selected to study its biomass inhibition potential and exopolysaccharide layer disruption ability. The CT EO reduced the biomass of the preformed biofilms of all three Candida strains, which was supported by confocal microscopy. It also disrupted the exopolysaccharide layer of the Candida strains as shown by scanning electron microscopy. The present findings validate the effectiveness of EOs against the virulence of Candida spp. and emphasize the pharmaceutical potential of several native but yet unexplored wild aromatic plants in the prospect of therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Shanmugavelan
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Murugan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Gowrishankar
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, 630003 Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, 630003 Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, Anusandhan Kendra II, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, 613401 Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Farisa Banu S, Rubini D, Rakshitaa S, Chandrasekar K, Murugan R, Wilson A, Gowrishankar S, Pandian SK, Nithyanand P. Antivirulent Properties of Underexplored Cinnamomum tamala Essential Oil and Its Synergistic Effects with DNase against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms - An In Vitro Study. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1144. [PMID: 28694794 PMCID: PMC5483474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a nosocomial pathogen colonizing patients with chronic infectious diseases and has gained resistance to all the known broad spectrum antibiotics available today. The present study showcases the antibiofilm potential of an essential oil (EO) from an underexplored Cinnamomum species namely, C. tamala, against P. aeruginosa biofilms. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of the EO along with a commercially available DNase (DNaseI) and a DNase (MBD) isolated from a marine bacterium were explored for its antibiofilm activity. The results showed that the synergized action has maximum efficacy in inhibiting young and preformed biofilms. The synergized effect of EO and DNaseI showed 70% inhibition against matured biofilms of P. aeruginosa. The EO from C. tamala also showed quorum sensing inhibitory potential as it could inhibit the swarming motility behavior of P. aeruginosa. The synergistic action of EO and DNases offers a novel alternate therapeutic strategy for combating P. aeruginosa biofilm associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaulla Farisa Banu
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Durairajan Rubini
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Sairam Rakshitaa
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Kamaraj Chandrasekar
- Govind Ballabh Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentAlmora, India
| | - Ramar Murugan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Aruni Wilson
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma LindaCA, United States
| | | | | | - Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India.,Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
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Nithyanand P, Beema Shafreen RM, Muthamil S, Karutha Pandian S. Usnic acid inhibits biofilm formation and virulent morphological traits of Candida albicans. Microbiol Res 2015; 179:20-8. [PMID: 26411891 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and the yeast to hyphal switch are considered to be important virulence factors of Candida albicans. The present study reports about the potential of usnic acid, a lichen secondary metabolite inhibiting these virulent factors. Usnic acid, at its biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) largely reduced the viability of the metabolically active cells in matured C. albicans biofilms, exhibited significant biofilm inhibition (65%) and prevented the property of adhesion. Light microscopic images revealed that usnic acid effectively inhibited the yeast to hyphal switch and confocal microscopy showed that usnic acid greatly reduced the thickness of matured biofilms. Furthermore, usnic acid was able to reduce various sugars present in the exopolysaccharide layer (EPS) which was also confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Taken together, the present study showcases usnic acid as a potent anti-virulent compound against C. albicans and opens up a new avenue for bioprospecting lichen secondary metabolites as anti-virulent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Nithyanand
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Subramanian Muthamil
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nithyanand P, Manju S, Karutha Pandian S. Phylogenetic characterization of culturable actinomycetes associated with the mucus of the coral Acropora digitifera from Gulf of Mannar. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 314:112-8. [PMID: 21105906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is a virtually untapped source of novel actinomycete diversity and its metabolites. Investigating the diversity of actinomycetes in other marine macroorganisms, like seaweeds and sponges, have resulted in isolation of novel bioactive metabolites. Actinomycetes diversity associated with corals and their produced metabolites have not yet been explored. Hence, in this study we attempted to characterize the culturable actinomycetes population associated with the coral Acropora digitifera. Actinomycetes were isolated from the mucus of the coral wherein the actinomycetes count was much higher when compared with the surrounding seawater and sediment. Actinobacteria-specific 16S rRNA gene primers were used for identifying the isolates at the molecular level in addition to biochemical tests. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis using three restriction enzymes revealed several polymorphic groups within the isolates. Sequencing and blast analysis of the isolates revealed that some isolates had only 96.7% similarity with its nearest match in GenBank indicating that they may be novel isolates at the species level. The isolated actinomycetes exhibited good antibacterial activity against various human pathogens. This study offers for the first time a prelude about the unexplored culturable actinomycetes diversity associated with a scleractinian coral and their bioactive capabilities.
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Nithyanand P, Indhumathi T, Ravi AV, Pandian SK. Culture independent characterization of bacteria associated with the mucus of the coral Acropora digitifera from the Gulf of Mannar. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 27:1399-406. [PMID: 25187139 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Corals are sessile eukaryotic hosts which provide a unique surface for microbial colonization. Culture independent studies show that the coral mucus and tissue harbour diverse and abundant prokaryotic communities. However, little is known about the diversity of bacteria associated with the corals of Gulf of Mannar. The present study characterised the bacterial diversity associated with the mucus of the coral Acropora digitifera from the Gulf of Mannar by 16S rRNA gene clone library construction. The bacterial communities of the mucus of A. digitifera were diverse, with representatives within the Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and several unclassified bacteria. The culture independent bacterial population was totally different from our previous culture dependent study of the mucus and tissue of the same coral. 36% of the bacteria in the clone library of A. digitifera were found to be novel after full length sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene wherein several clones were found to be novel at the Genus and species level. The current study further supports the findings that Actinobacteria amount to a certain proportion among bacterial communities associated with corals.
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Srinivasan S, Beema Shafreen RM, Nithyanand P, Manisankar P, Pandian SK. Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of novel fluoroquinolone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:6101-5. [PMID: 20933306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-7(4-aryl piperazin-1-yl) 1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives (6a-f) and 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-7(4-piperidin-1-yl) 1,4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives (7a-e) were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The antimicrobial activities of the compounds were assessed by the microbroth dilution technique. The compounds were also evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and Cryptococcous neoformans (ATCC 14116) pathogens. The preliminary in vitro evaluation studies revealed that some of the compounds have promising antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nithyanand P, Thenmozhi R, Rathna J, Pandian SK. Inhibition of Streptococcus pyogenes Biofilm Formation by Coral-Associated Actinomycetes. Curr Microbiol 2009; 60:454-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-009-9564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thenmozhi R, Nithyanand P, Rathna J, Karutha Pandian S. Antibiofilm activity of coral-associated bacteria against different clinical M serotypes ofStreptococcus pyogenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 57:284-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nithyanand P, Pandian SK. Phylogenetic characterization of culturable bacterial diversity associated with the mucus and tissue of the coral Acropora digitifera from the Gulf of Mannar. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2009; 69:384-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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