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Palau R, Bloomfield SJ, Jenkins C, Greig DR, Jorgensen F, Mather AE. Yersinia enterocolitica biovar 1A: An underappreciated potential pathogen in the food chain. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 412:110554. [PMID: 38176093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an underreported cause of foodborne gastroenteritis. Little is known of the diversity of Y. enterocolitica isolated from food and which food commodities contribute to human disease. In this study, Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 37/50 raw chicken, 8/10 pork, 8/10 salmon and 1/10 leafy green samples collected at retail in the UK. Up to 10 presumptive Y. enterocolitica isolates per positive sample underwent whole genome sequencing (WGS) and were compared with publicly available genomes. In total, 207 Y. enterocolitica isolates were analyzed and belonged to 38 sequence types (STs). Up to five STs of Y. enterocolitica were isolated from individual food samples and isolates belonging to the same sample and ST differed by 0-74 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Biotype was predicted for 205 (99 %) genomes that all belonged to biotype 1A, previously described as non-pathogenic. However, around half (51 %) of food samples contained isolates belonging to the same ST as previously isolated from UK human cases. The closest human-derived isolates shared between 17 and 7978 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the food isolates. Extensive food surveillance is required to determine what food sources are responsible for Y. enterocolitica infections and to re-examine the role of biotype 1A as a human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaёlle Palau
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bloomfield
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire Jenkins
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greig
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
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Savin C, Le Guern AS, Chereau F, Guglielmini J, Heuzé G, Demeure C, Pizarro-Cerdá J. First Description of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Clonal Outbreak in France, Confirmed Using a New Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Method. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0114522. [PMID: 35863020 PMCID: PMC9431522 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01145-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric pathogen causing mild enteritis that can lead to mesenteric adenitis in children and septicemia in elderly patients. Most cases are sporadic, but outbreaks have already been described in different countries. We report for the first time a Y. pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak in France, that occurred in 2020. An epidemiological investigation based on food queries pointed toward the consumption of tomatoes as the suspected source of infection. The Yersinia National Reference Laboratory (YNRL) developed a new cgMLST scheme with 1,921 genes specific to Y. pseudotuberculosis that identified the clustering of isolates associated with the outbreak and allowed to perform molecular typing in real time. In addition, this method allowed to retrospectively identify isolates belonging to this cluster from earlier in 2020. This method, which does not require specific bioinformatic skills, is now used systematically at the YNRL and proves to display an excellent discriminatory power and is available to the scientific community. IMPORTANCE We describe in here a novel core-genome MLST method that allowed to identify in real time, and for the first time in France, a Y. pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak that took place during the summer 2020 in Corsica. Our method allows to support epidemiological and microbiological investigations to establish a link between patients infected with closely associated Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates, and to identify the potential source of infection. In addition, we made this method available for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Savin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Le Guern
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Chereau
- French National Public Health Agency, Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Julien Guglielmini
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Demeure
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
| | - Javier Pizarro-Cerdá
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia Research Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Yersinia National Reference Laboratory, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, WHO Collaborating Research & Reference Centre for Yersinia FRA-140, Paris, France
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Roulová N, Moťková P, Brožková I, Swiontek Brzezinska M, Pejchalová M. Detection, characterization, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Yersinia enterocolitica in different types of wastewater in the Czech Republic. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2255-2266. [PMID: 35984045 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in different types of wastewater and to characterize the isolates by biotyping, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In addition, cultivation protocols were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The occurrence of Y. enterocolitica was determined in treated and untreated municipal wastewater, as well as in hospital, slaughterhouse, and cowshed wastewater. Y. enterocolitica was detected in 84.1% of the wastewater samples, while the main sources were untreated municipal and slaughterhouse wastewater. In contrast, the lowest incidence was found in hospital wastewater. An exclusive occurrence of biotype 1A (98.3%) was detected. Pathogenic bio-serotypes 4/O:3 and 3/O:3 were isolated only from slaughterhouse wastewater. The highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (92.5%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (36.8%). CONCLUSIONS Y. enterocolitica was commonly detected in wastewater, although the prevalence varied depending on the origin of the wastewater. No single cultivation protocol was able to recover Y. enterocolitica isolates from such a complex matrix as wastewater. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study provided data that can contribute to the evaluation of wastewater as a source of Y. enterocolitica and to understanding the threat of wastewater isolates to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Roulová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Moťková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Brožková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Swiontek Brzezinska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcela Pejchalová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Niehues J, McElroy C, Croon A, Pietschmann J, Frettlöh M, Schröper F. Bacterial Lighthouses—Real-Time Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica by Quorum Sensing. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120517. [PMID: 34940274 PMCID: PMC8699262 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne zoonotic pathogens have a severe impact on food safety. The demand for animal-based food products (meat, milk, and eggs) is increasing, and therefore faster methods are necessary to detect infected animals or contaminated food before products enter the market. However, conventional detection is based on time-consuming microbial cultivation methods. Here, the establishment of a quorum sensing-based method for detection of foodborne pathogens as Yersinia enterocolitica in a co-cultivation approach using a bacterial biosensor carrying a special sensor plasmid is described. We combined selective enrichment with the simultaneous detection of pathogens by recording autoinducer-1-induced bioluminescent response of the biosensor. This new approach enables real-time detection with a calculated sensitivity of one initial cell in a sample after 15.3 h of co-cultivation, while higher levels of initial contamination can be detected within less than half of the time. Our new method is substantially faster than conventional microbial cultivation and should be transferrable to other zoonotic foodborne pathogens. As we could demonstrate, quorum sensing is a promising platform for the development of sensitive assays in the area of food quality, safety, and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Niehues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Christopher McElroy
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Alexander Croon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Jan Pietschmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Martin Frettlöh
- Quh-Lab Lebensmittelsicherheit, Siegener Str. 29, 57080 Siegen, Germany;
| | - Florian Schröper
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.N.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-6085-13012
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Heuvelmans M, Lammertink MHA, Kusters JG, Bruns AHW, Monkelbaan JF. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection with severe localised inflammation and ulceration of the ileum in a heart transplant patient. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e236343. [PMID: 33318266 PMCID: PMC7737070 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case, we present an uncommon gastrointestinal infection in an immunocompromised patient that was solely diagnosed because of close collaboration between treating physicians and microbiologists. The patient is a 42-year-old male who underwent heart transplantation 5 years earlier. He presented with fever, weight loss, diarrhoea and tiredness. Initial investigations could not elucidate the aetiology of his symptoms. The patient was referred to the department of infectious diseases for further evaluation. Serology for Yersinia species was ordered and the result was suggestive for the possibility of a Yersinia species infection. Close collaboration between treating physicians and microbiologists followed and led to additional investigations, which revealed the diagnosis of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection with extensive lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with ciprofloxacin resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and healing of the gastrointestinal lesions. In conclusion, this case underlines the need for a multidisciplinary approach to complex patients of which symptoms have yet to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Heuvelmans
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke H A Lammertink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H W Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan F Monkelbaan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yadav N, Chhillar AK, Rana JS. Detection of pathogenic bacteria with special emphasis to biosensors integrated with AuNPs. SENSORS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Hallanvuo S, Herranen M, Jaakkonen A, Nummela M, Ranta J, Botteldoorn N, De Zutter L, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Hertwig S, Johannessen GS, Ludewig M, Messelhäußer U, Sigvart-Mattila P, Thisted-Lambertz S, Thure T, Vatunen E. Validation of EN ISO method 10273 - Detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 288:66-74. [PMID: 29395387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
EN ISO 10273 method for the detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica in foods was validated in the project Mandate M/381 funded by European Commission. A total of 14 laboratories from five European countries participated in the interlaboratory study (ILS) organized during 2013 and 2014. Before the ILS, the method was revised by an international group of experts and the performance of the revised method was assessed in an ILS study. The results are published as a part of the standard EN ISO 10273 revision. The study included three rounds with different sample types; raw milk, iceberg lettuce and minced meat, inoculated with a low and high level of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains representing major pathogenic bioserotypes 4/O:3 and 2/O:9. The homogeneity and stability of the samples were verified before dispatching them to the laboratories. The results demonstrated the method sensitivity of 96% in raw milk, 97% in minced meat, and 98% in lettuce at high inoculation level of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. The specificity was 100% in raw milk, 96% in minced meat, and 98% in lettuce. The level of detection, LOD50, varied between study rounds, being 9.4 CFU/25 ml in raw milk, 9.9 CFU/25 g in minced meat and 63 CFU/25 g in lettuce samples. During the study, confirmation by using real-time PCR method ISO/TS 18867 together with pyrazinamidase testing was also validated, as alternative to conventional biochemical confirmation. When comparing different isolation steps used in the revised method during the study rounds, PSB enrichment and plating on CIN after alkaline (KOH) treatment showed the highest sensitivity (52-92%) in raw milk and minced meat samples. In lettuce samples, however, ITC with KOH treatment before plating on CIN showed higher sensitivity (64% at low level; 82% at high level) than plating on CIN from PSB with KOH treatment (44% at low level; 74% at high level). Statistical analysis of different isolation steps supported the use of two enrichment media, PSB and ITC, in the revised method. Recovery of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica on CIN was most efficient after KOH treatment and, based on the analysis, plating on CIN agar without KOH treatment could be left as optional procedure in the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Hallanvuo
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mirkka Herranen
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Jaakkonen
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Nummela
- Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Ranta
- Risk Assessment Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Services Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadine Botteldoorn
- Service food pathogens, Institute of Public health, Juliette Wijtsmans street 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan, 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Stefan Hertwig
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martina Ludewig
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ute Messelhäußer
- Laboratory of food microbiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Veterinärstr. 2, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Pia Sigvart-Mattila
- Water Protection Association of the River Kokemäki, Patamäenkatu 24, 33900 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Thure
- Metropolilab Oy, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Vatunen
- Finnish Customs Laboratory, Tekniikantie 13, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Morka K, Bystroń J, Bania J, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Korzekwa K, Guz-Regner K, Bugla-Płoskońska G. Identification of Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from humans, pigs and wild boars by MALDI TOF MS. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:86. [PMID: 30119648 PMCID: PMC6098659 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yersinia enterocolitica is widespread within the humans, pigs and wild boars. The low isolation rate of Y. enterocolitica from food or environmental and clinical samples may be caused by limited sensitivity of culture methods. The main goal of present study was identification of presumptive Y. enterocolitica isolates using MALDI TOF MS. The identification of isolates may be difficult due to variability of bacterial strains in terms of biochemical characteristics. This work emphasizes the necessity of use of multiple methods for zoonotic Y. enterocolitica identification. RESULTS Identification of Y. enterocolitica isolates was based on MALDI TOF MS, and verified by VITEK® 2 Compact and PCR. There were no discrepancies in identification of all human' and pig' isolates using MALDI TOF MS and VITEK® 2 Compact. However three isolates from wild boars were not decisively confirmed as Y. enterocolitica. MALDI TOF MS has identified the wild boar' isolates designated as 3dz, 4dz, 8dz as Y. enterocolitica with a high score of matching with the reference spectra of MALDI Biotyper. In turn, VITEK® 2 Compact identified 3dz and 8dz as Y. kristensenii, and isolate 4dz as Y. enterocolitica. The PCR for Y. enterocolitica 16S rDNA for these three isolates was negative, but the 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified these isolates as Y. kristensenii (3dz, 4dz) and Y. pekkanenii (8dz). The wild boar' isolates 3dz, 4dz and 8dz could not be classified using biotyping. The main bioserotype present within pigs and human faeces was 4/O:3. It has been shown that Y. enterocolitica 1B/O:8 can be isolated from human faeces using ITC/CIN culturing. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate wild boars as a reservoir of new and atypical strains of Yersinia, for which protein and biochemical profiles are not included in the MALDI Biotyper or VITEK® 2 Compact databases. Pigs in the south-west Poland are the reservoir for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains. Four biochemical features included in VITEK® 2 Compact known to be common with Wauters scheme were shown to produce incompatible results, thus VITEK® 2 Compact cannot be applied in biotyping of Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Morka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Bystroń
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Bania
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamila Korzekwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Guz-Regner
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland
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Identification of Yersinia at the Species and Subspecies Levels Is Challenging. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-018-0088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Priyanka B, Patil RK, Dwarakanath S. A review on detection methods used for foodborne pathogens. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:327-338. [PMID: 28139531 PMCID: PMC5320838 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.198677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have been a cause of a large number of diseases worldwide and more so in developing countries. This has a major economic impact. It is important to contain them, and to do so, early detection is very crucial. Detection and diagnostics relied on culture-based methods to begin with and have developed in the recent past parallel to the developments towards immunological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and molecular biology-based methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The aim has always been to find a rapid, sensitive, specific and cost-effective method. Ranging from culturing of microbes to the futuristic biosensor technology, the methods have had this common goal. This review summarizes the recent trends and brings together methods that have been developed over the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Priyanka
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangaluru, India
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Petsios S, Fredriksson-Ahomaa M, Sakkas H, Papadopoulou C. Conventional and molecular methods used in the detection and subtyping of Yersinia enterocolitica in food. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:55-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Thuan NK, Naher K, Kubo R, Taniguchi T, Hayashidani H. Evaluation of Chromogenic Medium for Selective Isolation of Yersinia. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2016; 57:166-168. [PMID: 27784868 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.57.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar (CIN) has been used as a selective agar to detect Yersinia in food or human patients; however, its components can inhibit the growth of some strains of Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O3 and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Recently, a new Yersinia selective agar, CHROMagar Yersinia enterocolitica (CAYe), was developed and evaluated as a novel selective agar for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica. In this research, a total of 251Yersinia strains (176 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica, 59 Y. pseudotuberculosis, and 16 non-pathogenic Yersinia) were cultured on both CIN and CAYe for comparison. Except for 10 of 104 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O3 strains and 59 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, 198 Yersinia isolates grew on both media after 48 hr of incubation at 32℃. Of the 10 pathogenic Y. enterocolitica O3 which could not grow on CIN or CAYe, 9 strains could not grow on CIN with supplements and 1 strain could not grow CAYe with supplements. Of 9 strains which did not grow on CIN with supplements, 3 strains could not grow on CIN without supplements. However, 1 strain which did not grow on CAYe with supplements could grow on CAYe without supplements. All of the Y. pseudotuberculosis strains could grow on CIN with/without supplements and on CAYe without supplements. The results indicate that the inhibition of the growth of Y. enterocolitica O3 on CIN is related to the components of CIN; however, the inhibition on CAYe appears to be related to the supplements in CAYe. Therefore, CAYe may be a more useful selective medium than CIN for pathogenic Y. enterocolitica .
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Gupta V, Gulati P, Bhagat N, Dhar MS, Virdi JS. Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica in food: an overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 34:641-50. [PMID: 25410144 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a gastrointestinal pathogen which causes yersiniosis, an illness characterized by diarrhea, ileitis, and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Y. enterocolitica is transmitted via the feco-oral route by the consumption of contaminated food or water. Several phenotypic and genotypic methods have been developed to reliably detect Y. enterocolitica in food. However, the source of infection of many recently reported foodborne outbreaks remains obscure. The detection of this pathogen in food is a challenging task, since it shares similarities with other enteric bacteria. The presence of other microorganisms in the food samples makes it even more difficult to identify this slow-growing pathogen. Therefore, the present-day emphasis is on the development of sensitive, easily automated methods suitable for in-situ detection, allowing quick and cost-effective characterization of food samples. This review summarizes and compares the currently available cultural, immunological, and molecular methods, particularly in relation to their specific merits or demerits when implemented for the detection of Y. enterocolitica in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gupta
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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