1
|
González E, Bianchi FJJA, Eckerter PW, Pfaff V, Weiler S, Entling MH. Ecological requirements drive the variable responses of wheat pests and natural enemies to the landscape context. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel González
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Philipp W. Eckerter
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Verena Pfaff
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Sarah Weiler
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| | - Martin H. Entling
- iES Landau Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salamanca J, Souza B, Kyryczenko-Roth V, Rodriguez-Saona C. Methyl Salicylate Increases Attraction and Function of Beneficial Arthropods in Cranberries. INSECTS 2019; 10:E423. [PMID: 31775223 PMCID: PMC6955811 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is an herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV) known to attract the natural enemies of herbivores in agro-ecosystems; however, whether this attraction leads to an increase in natural enemy functioning, i.e., predation, remains largely unknown. Here, we monitored for 2 years (2011-2012) the response of herbivores and natural enemies to MeSA lures (PredaLure) by using sticky and pitfall traps in cranberry bogs. In addition, European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, egg masses were used to determine whether natural enemy attraction to MeSA leads to higher predation. In both years, MeSA increased adult hoverfly captures on sticky traps and augmented predation of O. nubilalis eggs. However, MeSA also attracted more phytophagous thrips and, in 2012, more plant bugs (Miridae) to sticky traps. Furthermore, we used surveillance cameras to record the identity of natural enemies attracted to MeSA and measure their predation rate. Video recordings showed that MeSA lures increase visitation by adult lady beetles, adult hoverflies, and predatory mites to sentinel eggs, and predation of these eggs doubled compared to no-lure controls. Our data indicate that MeSA lures increase predator attraction, resulting in increased predation; thus, we provide evidence that attraction to HIPVs can increase natural enemy functioning in an agro-ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordano Salamanca
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente (ECAPMA), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Brígida Souza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Minas Gerais, Brasil;
| | - Vera Kyryczenko-Roth
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; (V.K.-R.); (C.R.-S.)
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry & Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA; (V.K.-R.); (C.R.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giles KL, McCornack BP, Royer TA, Elliott NC. Incorporating biological control into IPM decision making. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 20:84-89. [PMID: 28602241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the many ways biological control can be incorporated into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, natural enemy thresholds are arguably most easily adopted by stakeholders. Integration of natural enemy thresholds into IPM programs requires ecological and cost/benefit crop production data, threshold model validation, and an understanding of the socioeconomic factors that influence stakeholder decisions about biological control. These thresholds are more likely to be utilized by stakeholders when integrated into dynamic web-based IPM decision support systems that summarize pest management data and push site-specific biological control management recommendations to decision-makers. We highlight recent literature on topics related to natural enemy thresholds and how findings may allow pest suppression services to be incorporated into advanced IPM programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher L Giles
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
| | - Brian P McCornack
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Tom A Royer
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jonsson M, Kaartinen R, Straub CS. Relationships between natural enemy diversity and biological control. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 20:1-6. [PMID: 28602230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural enemy diversity generally strengthens biological control, but individual studies have found everything from positive to negative effects. We discuss the factors that promote these different outcomes. We argue that a trait-based approach is helpful to improve our understanding of the relationship between enemy diversity and biological control, and suggest that enemy diversity is likely to be particularly important as an insurance against effects of climate change. Future research should increase the scale and ecological realism of enemy diversity studies, and consider both the strength and stability of biological control. Such research is likely to reveal even stronger evidence that conserving enemy biodiversity will improve biological pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Jonsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Riikka Kaartinen
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth 11 Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.
| | - Cory S Straub
- Department of Biology, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426-1000, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hermann SL, Xue S, Rowe L, Davidson-Lowe E, Myers A, Eshchanov B, Bahlai CA. Thermally moderated firefly activity is delayed by precipitation extremes. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160712. [PMID: 28083109 PMCID: PMC5210691 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The timing of events in the life history of temperate insects is most typically primarily cued by one of two drivers: photoperiod or temperature accumulation over the growing season. However, an insect's phenology can also be moderated by other drivers like rainfall or the phenology of its host plants. When multiple drivers of phenology interact, there is greater potential for phenological asynchronies to arise between an organism and those with which it interacts. We examined the phenological patterns of a highly seasonal group of fireflies (Photinus spp., predominantly P. pyralis) over a 12-year period (2004-2015) across 10 plant communities to determine whether interacting drivers could explain the variability observed in the adult flight activity density (i.e. mating season) of this species. We found that temperature accumulation was the primary driver of phenology, with activity peaks usually occurring at a temperature accumulation of approximately 800 degree days (base 10°C); however, our model found this peak varied by nearly 180 degree-day units among years. This variation could be explained by a quadratic relationship with the accumulation of precipitation in the growing season; in years with either high or low precipitation extremes at our study site, flight activity was delayed. More fireflies were captured in general in herbaceous plant communities with minimal soil disturbance (alfalfa and no-till field crop rotations), but only weak interactions occurred between within-season responses to climatic variables and plant community. The interaction we observed between temperature and precipitation accumulation suggests that, although climate warming has the potential to disrupt phenology of many organisms, changes to regional precipitation patterns can magnify these disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Hermann
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Saisi Xue
- Biomass Conversion Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Logan Rowe
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Elizabeth Davidson-Lowe
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew Myers
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Bahodir Eshchanov
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christie A. Bahlai
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Mozilla Science Laboratory, Mozilla, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ali A, Desneux N, Lu Y, Liu B, Wu K. Characterization of the natural enemy community attacking cotton aphid in the Bt cotton ecosystem in Northern China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24273. [PMID: 27075171 PMCID: PMC4831012 DOI: 10.1038/srep24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Planting Bt cotton in China since 1997 has led to important changes in the natural enemy communities occurring in cotton, however their specific effect on suppressing the cotton aphids (being notorious in conventional cotton ecosystem) has not been fully documented yet. We observed strong evidence for top-down control of the aphid population, e.g. the control efficiency of natural enemies on cotton aphid increased significantly in open field cages compared to exclusion cages, accounted for 60.2, 87.2 and 76.7% in 2011, 2012 and 2013 season, respectively. The cotton aphid populations peaked in early June to late July (early and middle growth stages) in open field cotton survey from 2011 to 2013. The population densities of cotton aphids and natural enemies were highest on middle growth stage while lowest densities were recorded on late stage for aphids and on early plant stage for natural enemies. Aphid parasitoids (Trioxys spp., Aphidius gifuensis), coccinellids and spiders were key natural enemies of cotton aphid. Briefly, natural enemies can suppress aphid population increase from early to middle plant growth stages by providing biocontrol services in Chinese Bt cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06903, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Landis DA, Saidov N, Jaliov A, El Bouhssini M, Kennelly M, Bahlai C, Landis JN, Maredia K. Demonstration of an Integrated Pest Management Program for Wheat in Tajikistan. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 28446990 PMCID: PMC5394565 DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is an important food security crop in central Asia but frequently suffers severe damage and yield losses from insect pests, pathogens, and weeds. With funding from the United States Agency for International Development, a team of scientists from three U.S. land-grant universities in collaboration with the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas and local institutions implemented an integrated pest management (IPM) demonstration program in three regions of Tajikistan from 2011 to 2014. An IPM package was developed and demonstrated in farmer fields using a combination of crop and pest management techniques including cultural practices, host plant resistance, biological control, and chemical approaches. The results from four years of demonstration/research indicated that the IPM package plots almost universally had lower pest abundance and damage and higher yields and were more profitable than the farmer practice plots. Wheat stripe rust infestation ranged from 30% to over 80% in farmer practice plots, while generally remaining below 10% in the IPM package plots. Overall yield varied among sites and years but was always at least 30% to as much as 69% greater in IPM package plots. More than 1,500 local farmers-40% women-were trained through farmer field schools and field days held at the IPM demonstration sites. In addition, students from local agricultural universities participated in on-site data collection. The IPM information generated by the project was widely disseminated to stakeholders through peer-reviewed scientific publications, bulletins and pamphlets in local languages, and via Tajik national television.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 (; ; )
| | - Nurali Saidov
- Regional Office for Central Asia and the Caucasus (CAC), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Anvar Jaliov
- Institute of Plant Production "Ziroatparvar" of Tajik Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Megan Kennelly
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506
| | - Christie Bahlai
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 (; ; )
| | - Joy N Landis
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 (; ; )
- MSU IPM Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824
| | - Karim Maredia
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824 (; ; )
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bt crops benefit natural enemies to control non-target pests. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16636. [PMID: 26559133 PMCID: PMC4642322 DOI: 10.1038/srep16636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crops producing insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) control important lepidopteran pests. However, pests such as aphids not susceptible to Cry proteins may require other integrated pest management (IPM) tactics, including biological control. We fed aphids on Bt and non-Bt plants and analyzed the Bt protein residue in aphids and compared the effects of Bt plants and a pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin, on the performance of three natural enemies (predators: Coleomegilla maculata and Eupeodes americanus; parasitoid Aphidius colemani) of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. No Bt protein residues in aphids were detected and no significant differences were recorded in the performance of pyrethroid-resistant aphids that fed on Bt broccoli expressing Cry1Ab or Cry1C, or on non-Bt broccoli plants treated or not treated with the pyrethroid. This indicated the aphids were not affected by the Cry proteins or the pyrethroid, thus removing any effect of prey quality. Tri-trophic experiments demonstrated that no C. maculata and E. americanus survived consumption of pyrethroid-treated aphids and that ovipositional behavior of A. colemani was impaired when provided with pyrethroid-treated aphids. In contrast, natural enemies were not affected when fed aphids reared on Bt broccoli, thus demonstrating the safety of these Bt plants for IPM.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martin EA, Reineking B, Seo B, Steffan-Dewenter I. Pest control of aphids depends on landscape complexity and natural enemy interactions. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1095. [PMID: 26734497 PMCID: PMC4699780 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are a major concern in agricultural crops worldwide, and control by natural enemies is an essential component of the ecological intensification of agriculture. Although the complexity of agricultural landscapes is known to influence natural enemies of pests, few studies have measured the degree of pest control by different enemy guilds across gradients in landscape complexity. Here, we use multiple natural-enemy exclosures replicated in 18 fields across a gradient in landscape complexity to investigate (1) the strength of natural pest control across landscapes, measured as the difference between pest pressure in the presence and in the absence of natural enemies; (2) the differential contributions of natural enemy guilds to pest control, and the nature of their interactions across landscapes. We show that natural pest control of aphids increased up to six-fold from simple to complex landscapes. In the absence of pest control, aphid population growth was higher in complex than simple landscapes, but was reduced by natural enemies to similar growth rates across all landscapes. The effects of enemy guilds were landscape-dependent. Particularly in complex landscapes, total pest control was supplied by the combined contribution of flying insects and ground-dwellers. Birds had little overall impact on aphid control. Despite evidence for intraguild predation of flying insects by ground-dwellers and birds, the overall effect of enemy guilds on aphid control was complementary. Understanding pest control services at large spatial scales is critical to increase the success of ecological intensification schemes. Our results suggest that, where aphids are the main pest of concern, interactions between natural enemies are largely complementary and lead to a strongly positive effect of landscape complexity on pest control. Increasing the availability of seminatural habitats in agricultural landscapes may thus benefit not only natural enemies, but also the effectiveness of aphid natural pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, Würzburg , Germany
| | - Björn Reineking
- Irstea, UR EMGR, St-Martin-d'Hères, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Biogeographical Modelling, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bumsuk Seo
- Biogeographical Modelling, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany; Department of Plant Ecology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg , Am Hubland, Würzburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|