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Li J, Zhang B, Jiang J, Mao Y, Li K, Liu F. Machine learning provides insights for spatially explicit pest management strategies by integrating information on population connectivity and habitat use in a key agricultural pest. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38804731 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect pests have garnered increasing interest because of anthropogenic global change, and their sustainable management requires knowledge of population habitat use and spread patterns. To enhance this knowledge for the prevalent tea pest Empoasca onukii, we utilized a random forest algorithm and a bivariate map to develop and integrate models of its habitat suitability and genetic connectivity across China. RESULTS Our modeling revealed heterogeneous spatial patterns in suitability and connectivity despite the common key environmental predictor of isothermality. Analyses indicated that tea cultivation in areas surrounding the Tibetan Plateau and the southern tip of China may be at low risk of population outbreaks because of their predicted low suitability and connectivity. However, regions along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should consider the high abundance and high recolonization potential of E. onukii, and thus the importance of control measures. Our results also emphasized the need to prevent dispersal from outside regions in the areas north of the Yangtze River and highlighted the effectiveness of internal management efforts in southwestern China and along the southeastern coast. Further projections under future conditions suggested the potential for increased abundance and spread in regions north of the Yangtze River and the southern tip of China, and indicated the importance of long-term monitoring efforts in these areas. CONCLUSION These findings highlighted the significance of combining information on habitat use and spread patterns for spatially explicit pest management planning. In addition, the approaches we used have potential applications in the management of other pest systems and the conservation of endangered biological resources. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai Li
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengjing Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Huang XY, Zi HB, Gao T, Ji RJ, Sheng J, Zhi D, Zhang YL, Gong CM, Yang YQ. Altitude as a key environmental factor shaping microbial communities of tea green leafhoppers ( Matsumurasca onukii). Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0100923. [PMID: 37921460 PMCID: PMC10714740 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01009-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Host-associated microbial communities play an important role in the fitness of insect hosts. However, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations, including environmental factors and interactions among microbial species, remain largely unknown. The tea green leafhopper has a wide geographical distribution and is highly adaptable, providing a suitable model for studying the effect of ecological drivers on microbiomes. This is the first large-scale culture-independent study investigating the microbial communities of M. onukii sampled from different locations. Altitude as a key environmental factor may have shaped microbial communities of M. onukii by affecting the relative abundance of endosymbionts, especially Wolbachia. The results of this study, therefore, offer not only an in-depth view of the microbial diversity of this species but also an insight into the influence of environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua-bin Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rui-jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dian Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying-lao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chun-mei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yun-qiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang L, Dietrich CH, Xu Y, Yang Z, Chen M, Pham TH, Le CCV, Qiao L, Matsumura M, Qin D. Unraveling the hierarchical genetic structure of tea green leafhopper, Matsumurasca onukii, in East Asia based on SSRs and SNPs. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9377. [PMID: 36203634 PMCID: PMC9526121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Matsumurasca onukii (Matsuda, R. (1952). Oyo-Kontyu Tokyo, 8(1): 19-21), one of the dominant pests in major tea production areas in Asia, currently is known to occur in Japan, Vietnam, and China, and severely threatens tea production, quality, and international trade. To elucidate the population genetic structure of this species, 1633 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 18 microsatellite markers (SSRs) were used to genotype samples from 27 sites representing 18 geographical populations distributed throughout the known range of the species in East Asia. Analyses of both SNPs and SSRs showed that M. onukii populations in Yunnan exhibit high-genetic differentiation and structure compared with the other populations. The Kagoshima (JJ) and Shizuoka (JS) populations from Japan were separated from populations from China by SNPs, but clustered with populations from Jinhua (JH), Yingde (YD), Guilin (GL), Fuzhou (FZ), Hainan (HQ), Leshan (CT), Chongqing (CY), and Zunyi (ZY) tea plantations in China and the Vietnamese Vinh Phuc (VN) population based on the SSR data. In contrast, CT, CY, ZY, and Shaanxi (SX) populations clustered together based on SNPs, but were separated by SSRs. Both marker datasets identified significant geographic differentiation among the 18 populations. Various environmental and anthropogenic factors, including geographical barriers to migration, human transport of hosts (Camellia sinesis [L.] O. Kuntze) and adaptation of M. onukii to various local climatic zones possibly account for the rapid spread of this pest in Asia. The results demonstrate that SNPs from high-throughput genotyping data can be used to reveal subtle genetic substructure at broad scales in r-strategist insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological MuseumNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Institute of Jiangxi Oil‐Tea Camellia, Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Christopher H. Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History SurveyPrairie Research Institute, University of IllinoisChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Ye Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological MuseumNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- College of Agriculture, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Zhaofu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological MuseumNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological MuseumNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Thai H. Pham
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VASTHueVietnam
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Cuong C. V. Le
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, VASTHueVietnam
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry UniversityXinyangHenanChina
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Institute for Plant Protection, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Daozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological MuseumNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Zhao Q, Shi L, He W, Li J, You S, Chen S, Lin J, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yang G, Vasseur L, You M. Genomic Variation in the Tea Leafhopper Reveals the Basis of Adaptive Evolution. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:1092-1105. [PMID: 36041663 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tea green leafhopper (TGL), Empoasca onukii, is of biological and economic interest. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms underlying its adaptation and evolution remain enigmatic. Here, we use previously untapped genome and population genetics approaches to examine how the pest adapted to different environmental variables and thus has expanded geographically. We complete a chromosome-level assembly and annotation of the E. onukii genome, showing notable expansions of gene families associated with adaptation to chemoreception and detoxification. Genomic signals indicating balancing selection highlight metabolic pathways involved in adaptation to a wide range of tea varieties grown across ecologically diverse regions. Patterns of genetic variations among 54 E. onukii samples unveil the population structure and evolutionary history across different tea-growing regions in China. Our results demonstrate that the genomic changes in key pathways, including those linked to metabolism, circadian rhythms, and immune system functions, may underlie the successful spread and adaptation of E. onukii. This work highlights the genetic and molecular bases underlying the evolutionary success of a species with broad economic impacts, and provides insights into insect adaptation to host plants, which will ultimately facilitate more sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Longqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350018, China
| | - Weiyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li J, Shi L, Vasseur L, Zhao Q, Chen J, You M, You S. Genetic analyses reveal regional structure and demographic expansion of the predominant tea pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2838-2850. [PMID: 35393736 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is the most destructive insect pest of tea plantations in East Asia. Despite its economic importance and previous studies on this species, it remains unclear as to how this small-sized pest can have such wide range. RESULTS By sequencing three mitochondrial genes and 17 microsatellite loci, we revealed the regional structure and demographic expansion of 59 E. onukii populations in China. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (BAPS) on microsatellites identified four genetic groups with spatial discontinuities, while analysis on mitochondrial genes inferred five nested and differentiated clusters. Both the Mantel test and the generalized linear model indicated a significant pattern of isolation by geographic distance in E. onukii populations. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, E. onukii was found to have originated from southwestern China and expanded northward and eastward. While MIGRATE-N and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) procedure in BEAST confirmed the possible eastward and northward dispersal from Yunnan, they also detected more gene flow from the derived populations in central and southeastern China. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the current distribution and structure of E. onukii is complicatedly influenced by human activities of cultivation, wide dissemination of tea in ancient China as well as recent transportation of tea seedlings for establishing new tea plantations. Insights into genetic differentiation and demographic expansion patterns from this study provide an important basis for the development of area-wide management of the E. onukii populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
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Redihough J, Russo IRM, Stewart AJA, Malenovský I, Stockdale JE, Moorhouse-Gann RJ, Wilson MR, Symondson WOC. Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:E799. [PMID: 33202804 PMCID: PMC7697789 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The subfamily Aphrodinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) contains ~33 species in Europe within four genera. Species in two genera in particular, Aphrodes and Anoscopus, have proved to be difficult to distinguish morphologically. Our aim was to determine the status of the putative species Anoscopus duffieldi, found only on the RSPB Nature Reserve at Dungeness, Kent, a possible rare UK endemic. DNA from samples of all seven UK Anoscopus species (plus Anoscopusalpinus from the Czech Republic) were sequenced using parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA genes. Bayesian inference phylogenies were created. Specimens of each species clustered into monophyletic groups, except for Anoscopusalbifrons, A. duffieldi and Anoscopuslimicola. Two A. albifrons specimens grouped with A. duffieldi repeatedly with strong support, and the remaining A. albifrons clustered within A. limicola. Genetic distances suggest that A. albifrons and A. limicola are a single interbreeding population (0% divergence), while A. albifrons and A. duffieldi diverged by only 0.28%. Shared haplotypes between A. albifrons, A. limicola and A. duffieldi strongly suggest interbreeding, although misidentification may also explain these topologies. However, all A. duffieldi clustered together in the trees. A conservative approach might be to treat A. duffieldi, until other evidence is forthcoming, as a possible endemic subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Redihough
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Isa-Rita M. Russo
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Alan J. A. Stewart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, East Sussex, UK;
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jennifer E. Stockdale
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Rosemary J. Moorhouse-Gann
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK;
| | - William O. C. Symondson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
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Hou BH, Tang H, Li JL, Meng X, Ouyang GC. Susceptibility of Selected Tea Shoots to Oviposition by Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Feasibility of Egg Removal with Harvesting. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060338. [PMID: 32492822 PMCID: PMC7348997 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) female lays its eggs inside the epidermis of the tea plant shoots. This has led to speculation that shoot harvesting could represent a method of egg removal. To verify the validity of this hypothesis, we sought to determine which part of the shoot was used for the oviposition and how the value of the harvested shoot affects the cost of the egg removal. In this study, four tea cultivars were chosen to examine the preferences for the site of oviposition. In addition, a mathematical model was used to describe the correlation between the economic value of the selected shoot and eggs laid within the shoot. Our study revealed that the pest preferred the 3rd and 4th leaf order intervals of the shoot as the oviposition sites, and the oviposition preferences was dependent on the leaf order interval class across all tea cultivars. In addition, a significant negative exponential relationship was found between the economic value of the selected shoot and the percentage of the eggs laid within the shoot, indicating that egg removal through shoot harvesting was limited. The findings of this study could be used to better understand the role of shoot harvesting in egg removal and would provide new insights into the understanding of the incidence of this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hua Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, China;
- Correspondence: (B.-H.H.); (G.-C.O.); Tel.: +86-20-84199129 (B.-H.H.); +86-20-84199129 (G.-C.O.)
| | - Hao Tang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.T.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Jian-Long Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.T.); (J.-L.L.)
| | - Xiang Meng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, China;
| | - Ge-Cheng Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangzhou 510260, China;
- Correspondence: (B.-H.H.); (G.-C.O.); Tel.: +86-20-84199129 (B.-H.H.); +86-20-84199129 (G.-C.O.)
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Cai X, Luo Z, Meng Z, Liu Y, Chu B, Bian L, Li Z, Xin Z, Chen Z. Primary screening and application of repellent plant volatiles to control tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1304-1312. [PMID: 31595641 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), is a major pest of tea plants in China. Here, we evaluated the repellent properties of eight volatile chemicals alone and in various combinations as tools for the management of this pest in tea gardens. These chemicals were from the Alliaceae and other aromatic plants, and are known to repel various insect species. RESULTS Among the eight volatile compounds, dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), 1,8-cineole and allyl methyl sulfide were significantly repellent towards E. onukii adults. DMDS and 1,8-cineole were mixed to formulate a binary repellent. Under field conditions, spraying and slow-release applications of the mixture significantly decreased the density of E. onukii adults. The repelling effect after spraying was very short, only ∼ 2 days, but the slow-release mixture had a longer term repelling effect on E. onukii adults. High emission of the slow-release mixture, which was achieved by increasing the number of slow-release bottles, had a stronger repellent effect than low emission. Moreover, when the amount emitted was sufficient, the slow-release mixture significantly decreased the number of leafhopper nymphs in a treated tea-plant line, and significantly decreased the number of leafhopper adults and nymphs in a tea-plant line adjacent to the treated area. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the repellent action of a mixture of DMDS and 1,8-cineole applied by a slow-release method against E. onukii in a tea plantation. This mixture has potential applications in integrated pest management schemes. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaona Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Xin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
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Scott ER, Li X, Wei JP, Kfoury N, Morimoto J, Guo MM, Agyei A, Robbat A, Ahmed S, Cash SB, Griffin TS, Stepp JR, Han WY, Orians CM. Changes in Tea Plant Secondary Metabolite Profiles as a Function of Leafhopper Density and Damage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:636. [PMID: 32547579 PMCID: PMC7272924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivores have dramatic effects on the chemical composition of plants. Many of these induced metabolites contribute to the quality (e.g., flavor, human health benefits) of specialty crops such as the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Induced chemical changes are often studied by comparing plants damaged and undamaged by herbivores. However, when herbivory is quantitative, the relationship between herbivore pressure and induction can be linearly or non-linearly density dependent or density independent, and induction may only occur after some threshold of herbivory. The shape of this relationship can vary among metabolites within plants. The tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) can be a widespread pest on tea, but some tea farmers take advantage of leafhopper-induced metabolites in order to produce high-quality "bug-bitten" teas such as Eastern Beauty oolong. To understand the effects of increasing leafhopper density on tea metabolites important for quality, we conducted a manipulative experiment exposing tea plants to feeding by a range of E. onukii densities. After E. onukii feeding, we measured volatile and non-volatile metabolites, and quantified percent damaged leaf area from scanned leaf images. E. onukii density had a highly significant effect on volatile production, while the effect of leaf damage was only marginally significant. The volatiles most responsive to leafhopper density were mainly terpenes that increased in concentration monotonically with density, while the volatiles most responsive to leaf damage were primarily fatty acid derivatives and volatile phenylpropanoids/benzenoids. In contrast, damage (percent leaf area damaged), but not leafhopper density, significantly reduced total polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and theobromine concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The shape of induced responses varied among metabolites with some changing linearly with herbivore pressure and some responding only after a threshold in herbivore pressure with a threshold around 0.6 insects/leaf being common. This study illustrates the importance of measuring a diversity of metabolites over a range of herbivory to fully understand the effects of herbivores on induced metabolites. Our study also shows that any increases in leafhopper density associated with climate warming, could have dramatic effects on secondary metabolites and tea quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Scott
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric R. Scott, ;
| | - Xin Li
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wei
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nicole Kfoury
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Joshua Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Ming-Ming Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Amma Agyei
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Albert Robbat
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Selena Ahmed
- Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Sean B. Cash
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Timothy S. Griffin
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - John R. Stepp
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Yan Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Wen-Yan Han,
| | - Colin M. Orians
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
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10
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Sun S, Sha Z, Wang Y. The complete mitochondrial genomes of two vent squat lobsters, Munidopsis lauensis and M. verrilli: Novel gene arrangements and phylogenetic implications. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12390-12407. [PMID: 31788185 PMCID: PMC6875667 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrothermal vents are considered as one of the most extremely harsh environments on the Earth. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of hydrothermal vent squat lobsters, Munidopsis lauensis and M. verrilli, were determined through Illumina sequencing and compared with other available mitogenomes of anomurans. The mitogenomes of M. lauensis (17,483 bp) and M. verrilli (17,636 bp) are the largest among all Anomura mitogenomes, while the A+T contents of M. lauensis (62.40%) and M. verrilli (63.99%) are the lowest. The mitogenomes of M. lauensis and M. verrilli display novel gene arrangements, which might be the result of three tandem duplication-random loss (tdrl) events from the ancestral pancrustacean pattern. The mitochondrial gene orders of M. lauensis and M. verrilli shared the most similarities with S. crosnieri. The phylogenetic analyses based on both gene order data and nucleotide sequences (PCGs and rRNAs) revealed that the two species were closely related to Shinkaia crosnieri. Positive selection analysis revealed that eighteen residues in seven genes (atp8, Cytb, nad3, nad4, nad4l, nad5, and nad6) of the hydrothermal vent anomurans were positively selected sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao'e Sun
- Deep Sea Research CenterInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Deep Sea Research CenterInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Deep Sea Research CenterInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of ScienceQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Li M, Yang L, Chen X. Cloning, phylogenetic research, and prokaryotic expression study of the metabolic detoxification gene EoGSTs1 in Empoasca onukii Matsuda. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7641. [PMID: 31534862 PMCID: PMC6733243 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the misuse of chemical pesticides, small green leafhoppers (Empoasca onukii Matsuda) have developed resistance to pesticides, thereby posing a serious problem to the tea industry. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are an important family of enzymes that are involved in pesticide resistance in Empoasca onukii Matsuda. Empoasca onukii GST sigma 1 (EoGSTs1, GenBank: MK443501) is a member of the GST family. In this study, the full-length cDNA of EoGSTs1 was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and its taxonomic identity was examined. Furthermore, we performed bioinformatics and phylogenetic analyses of the gene and structural and functional domain prediction of the protein. The results demonstrate that EoGSTS1 belongs to the Sigma family of GSTs; the full-length EoGSTs1 cDNA is 841 bp with a 624-bp coding region that encodes a 23.68932-kDa protein containing 207 amino acids. The theoretical isoelectric point (IEP) was calculated to be 6.00. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that EoGSTS1 is closely related to the Sub psaltriayangi subfamily of the Cicadoidea superfamily in order Hemiptera, whereas it is distantly related to Periplaneta americana of order Blattodea. Amino acid sequence alignment of EoGSTS1 and GSTs from four other insects of order Hemiptera revealed protein sequence conservation. Tertiary structure analysis and structural domain functional predictions of the protein revealed that EoGSTS1 contains nine α helices and two β sheets with one conserved GST domain. The results of enzyme activity assay showed that recombinant EoGSTs1 (rEoGSTs1) protein had catalytic activity for substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and exhibited the highest activity at pH 7 and 25 °C. The Michaelis constant Km of rEoGSTs1 protein was 0.07782 ± 0.01990 mmol/L, and the maximum reaction rate Vmax was 12.15 ± 1.673 µmol/min⋅mg. Our study clarified the taxonomic identity of small green leafhopper EoGSTs1 and revealed some properties of the gene and its encoded protein sequence. According to the catalytic activity of the rEoGSTs1 enzyme on the model substrate CDNB, we infer that it functions in the degradation of exogenous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenlong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Li
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources of Guizhou, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory for Plant Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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12
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Zhang L, Wang F, Qiao L, Dietrich CH, Matsumura M, Qin D. Population structure and genetic differentiation of tea green leafhopper, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii, in China based on microsatellite markers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1202. [PMID: 30718743 PMCID: PMC6361905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda, is one of the dominant pests in major tea production regions of East Asia. Recent morphological studies have revealed variation in the male genitalic structures within and among populations. However, the genetic structure of this pest remains poorly understood. This study explores the genetic diversity and population structure of this pest in nineteen populations from the four main Chinese tea production areas using microsatellite markers, with one Japanese population also examined. The results show low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation with populations grouped into four clusters, i.e. the Jiangbei group, the Southwest group 1, the Southwest group 2 and the South China group. Populations from China have a close phylogenetic relationship but show significant isolation by distance. Lower genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of E. (M.) onukii were found in the Kagoshima population of Japan. Evidence for genetic bottlenecks was detected in the South China and Jiangnan populations. Population expansion was found in the Southwest, Jiangbei and Kagoshima populations. This is the most extensive study of the population genetics of this species and contributes to our understanding of its origin and evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fuping Wang
- Yangling Xianglin Agricultural Science & Technology Chemical Company Limited, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Agronomy, Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, 464000, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Department of Planning and Coordination, Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Daozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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13
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Yu Y, Zhang J, Huang C, Hou X, Sun X, Xiao B. Reference genes selection for quantitative gene expression studies in tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii Matsuda. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205182. [PMID: 30296272 PMCID: PMC6175517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Empoasca onukii Matsuda is one of the most devastating pests of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Still, the presumed expression stability of its reference genes (RGs) has not been analyzed. RGs are essential for accurate and reliable gene expression analysis, so this absence has hampered the study of the insect’s molecular biology. To find candidate RGs for normalizing gene expression data, we cloned ten common housekeeping genes from E. onukii. Using the ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper, we screened the RGs that were appropriate for quantifying the mRNA transcription of cellular responses under five experimental conditions. We identified the combinations of α-TUB and G6PDH, α-TUB and UBC, two RGs (α-TUB and β-TUB1) or three RGs (α-TUB, RPL13 and GAPDH), AK and UBC, or RPL13 and α-TUB as the best for analyzing gene expression in E. onukii adults of both sexes in different tissues, nymphs at different developmental stages, nymphs exposed to different temperatures or nymphs exposed to photoperiod stress. Finally, the E. onukii cysteine proteinase (Eocyp) was chosen as the target gene to validate the rationality of the proposed RGs. In conclusion, our study suggests a series of RGs with which to study the gene expression profiles of E. onukii that have been manipulated (biotically or abiotically) using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results offer a solid foundation for further studies of the molecular biology of E. onukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Hou
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail: (XS); (BX)
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (XS); (BX)
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14
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Akmal M, Freed S, Dietrich CH, Mehmood M, Razaq M. Patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Shiraki) (Cicadellidae: Hemiptera). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:897-904. [PMID: 28980839 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2017.1383405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Shiraki), a serious sucking insect pest of cotton and vegetables is present throughout South and Southeast Asia. Genetic differentiation within A. biguttula biguttula populations collected from 16 cotton growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan, was examined by sequencing the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. The dendrogram obtained by neighbour joining analysis of COI sequences confirmed the presence of single species of cotton leafhopper. The overall average pairwise divergence was 0.01. Very little variation was found among populations from cotton growing areas of Punjab, Pakistan and these were most similar to populations from North India. South Indian populations were grouped together and were generally more divergent. Extensive migration of this pest species among cotton-growing areas in the Indian subcontinent may hinder genetic diversification of cotton leafhopper. Four Pakistani samples of cotton leafhopper tested positive for Wolbachia infection but were not clearly differentiated from non-Wolbachia infected samples, suggesting that Wolbachia did not cause reproductive incompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akmal
- a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan , Punjab , Pakistan.,b Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois , Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Shoaib Freed
- a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- b Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois , Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Mudassir Mehmood
- a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Razaq
- a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology , Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan , Punjab , Pakistan
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15
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Molecular identification of spiders preying on Empoasca vitis in a tea plantation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7784. [PMID: 28798475 PMCID: PMC5552770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control using predators of key pest species is an attractive option in integrated pest management (IPM). Molecular gut analysis can provide an estimation of predator efficiency on a given prey. Here we use a combination of various experimental approaches, both in field and lab, to identify a potential biological control species of the common pest of commercially grown tea, Empoasca vitis (Göthe) (Hemiptera), in a Chinese plantation. We collected 2655 spiders from plantations and established relative abundances of spider species and their temporal overlap with the pest species in tea canopy. We analyzed DNA from 1363 individuals of the most common spider species using targeted RQ-PCR to quantify the potential efficiency of spiders as a predator on E. vitis. The results showed that, in the field, the jumping spider Evarcha albaria was the most abundant, had the closest temporal overlap with the pest, and frequently fed on it. Therefore, this spider may play a key role in pest suppression. The present study demonstrates the potential of our experimental approach to study predator-prey relationships in taxa that do not lend themselves to morphological identification of gut contents, such as spiders.
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16
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Cai X, Bian L, Xu X, Luo Z, Li Z, Chen Z. Field background odour should be taken into account when formulating a pest attractant based on plant volatiles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41818. [PMID: 28150728 PMCID: PMC5288780 DOI: 10.1038/srep41818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractants for pest monitoring and controlling can be developed based on plant volatiles. Previously, we showed that tea leafhopper (Empoasca onukii) preferred grapevine, peach plant, and tea plant odours to clean air. In this research, we formulated three blends with similar attractiveness to leafhoppers as peach, grapevine, and tea plant volatiles; these blends were composed of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-ocimene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, benzaldehyde, and ethyl benzoate. Based on these five compounds, we developed two attractants, formula-P and formula-G. The specific component relative to tea plant volatiles in formula-P was benzaldehyde, and that in formula-G was ethyl benzoate. These two compounds played a role in attracting leafhoppers. In laboratory assays, the two attractants were more attractive than tea plant volatiles to the leafhoppers, and had a similar level of attractiveness. However, the leafhoppers were not attracted to formula-P in the field. A high concentration of benzaldehyde was detected in the background odour of the tea plantations. In laboratory tests, benzaldehyde at the field concentration was attractive to leafhoppers. Our results indicate that the field background odour can interfere with a point-releasing attractant when their components overlap, and that a successful attractant must differ from the field background odour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xiuxiu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zongxiu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zhaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310008, China
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17
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Kranthi S, Ghodke AB, Puttuswamy RK, Mandle M, Nandanwar R, Satija U, Pareek RK, Desai H, Udikeri SS, Balakrishna DJ, Hugar BM, Monga D, Kranthi KR. Mitochondria COI-based genetic diversity of the cotton leafhopper Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida) populations from India. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:228-235. [PMID: 28116945 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), the cotton leafhopper, is a polyphagous insect pest of Asia and Southeast Asian countries. We sequenced a mitochondrial COI gene fragment from 67 individuals of cotton leafhopper collected from 7 major cotton growing states of North, Central, and South India. Genetic divergence analysis of leaf hopper population across India confirmed the presence of single species. Thirty haplotypes, in total, were determined across different regions of India. While population from North India was dominated by single haplotype, the south and central Indian populations show dispersion of different haplotypes across the region. The neutrality test rejection for the north Indian population also suggests population expansion. The genetic differentiation and gene flow analysis together confirmed the phylogeographic structure of the A. biguttula biguttula Ishida as isolated by distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Kranthi
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | - Amol Bharat Ghodke
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | - Raghavendra K Puttuswamy
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | - Madhumita Mandle
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | - Ritu Nandanwar
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | - Usha Satija
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
| | | | - Himanshu Desai
- c Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University , Navsari , India
| | - Shashikant S Udikeri
- d Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences , Dharwad , India
| | | | - Bheemanna M Hugar
- f Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences , Raichur , India
| | - Dilip Monga
- b ICAR-CICR Regional Station , Sirsa , India
| | - Keshav R Kranthi
- a Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - Central Institute for Cotton Research (CICR) , Nagpur , India
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18
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The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Aleurocanthus camelliae: Insights into Gene Arrangement and Genome Organization within the Family Aleyrodidae. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111843. [PMID: 27827992 PMCID: PMC5133843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous gene rearrangements and transfer RNA gene absences existing in mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Aleyrodidae species. To understand how mt genomes evolved in the family Aleyrodidae, we have sequenced the complete mt genome of Aleurocanthus camelliae and comparatively analyzed all reported whitefly mt genomes. The mt genome of A. camelliae is 15,188 bp long, and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 21 tRNA genes and a putative control region (GenBank: KU761949). The tRNA gene, trnI, has not been observed in this genome. The mt genome has a unique gene order and shares most gene boundaries with Tetraleurodes acaciae. Nineteen of 21 tRNA genes have the conventional cloverleaf shaped secondary structure and two (trnS1 and trnS2) lack the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. Using ARWEN and homologous sequence alignment, we have identified five tRNA genes and revised the annotation for three whitefly mt genomes. This result suggests that most absent genes exist in the genomes and have not been identified, due to be lack of technology and inference sequence. The phylogenetic relationships among 11 whiteflies and Drosophila melanogaster were inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Aleurocanthus camelliae and T. acaciae form a sister group, and all three Bemisia tabaci and two Bemisia afer strains gather together. These results are identical to the relationships inferred from gene order. We inferred that gene rearrangement plays an important role in the mt genome evolved from whiteflies.
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19
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Zhang L, Dietrich CH, Qin D. Microsatellite markers from tea green leafhopper Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii: a powerful tool for studying genetic structure in tea plantations. BMC Genet 2016; 17:112. [PMID: 27473717 PMCID: PMC4966850 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tea green leafhopper is one of the most dominant pests in Chinese tea plantations. Recent evidence, including morphological and molecular data, revealed that tea green leafhopper in China is the same species as in Japan, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. Previous morphological study that revealed variation in the structure of the male genitalia within and among populations of this species suggested that there may be significant population-level genetic variation. To provide powerful molecular markers to explore the population genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this pest in China, microsatellite markers were obtained by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Results Eighteen polymorphic markers were evaluated for five populations of E. (M.) onukii, Two related empoascine leafhopper species were selected to test the transferability of the markers. Population genetic structure of E. (M.) onukii was detected using Structure analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and variance analysis. The identified markers were polymorphic with total number of alleles ranging from 6 to 24 per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.133 to 0.9 and 0.183 to 0.926, respectively, and the polymorphic information content value over all populations varied from 0.429 to 0.911. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that microsatellite markers provide valuable information for genetic structure of E. (M.) onukii in Chinese tea plantations. There is obvious genetic differentiation between the two populations in the Southwest tea area. These microsatellite markers will be the powerful tools for genetic studies of E. (M.) onukii and improve understanding of the microevolution of this species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0420-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Daozheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education; Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China. .,Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Clarification of the Identity of the Tea Green Leafhopper Based on Morphological Comparison between Chinese and Japanese Specimens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139202. [PMID: 26422616 PMCID: PMC4589377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea green leafhopper is one of the most dominant pests in major tea production regions of East Asia. This species has been variously identified as Empoasca vitis (Goëthe), Jacobiasca formosana (Paoli) and Empoasca onukii Matsuda in Mainland China, Taiwan and Japan, respectively. Recent study of DNA sequence data suggested that treatment of this pest as different species in these three adjacent regions is incorrect and that they were a single species; but the correct scientific name for the species has remained unclear. Consistent with the prior molecular evidence, morphological study shows that the male genital characters of Chinese specimens are the same as those of specimens from Japan, so the correct scientific name of tea green leafhopper in China is Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda.
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