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Bo T, Nohara H, Yamada KI, Miyata S, Fujii J. Ascorbic Acid Protects Bone Marrow from Oxidative Stress and Transient Elevation of Corticosterone Caused by X-ray Exposure in Akr1a-Knockout Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:152. [PMID: 38397750 PMCID: PMC10886414 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow cells are the most sensitive to exposure to X-rays in the body and are selectively damaged even by doses that are generally considered permissive in other organs. Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a potent antioxidant that is reported to alleviate damages caused by X-ray exposure. However, rodents can synthesize Asc, which creates difficulties in rigorously assessing its effects in such laboratory animals. To address this issue, we employed mice with defects in their ability to synthesize Asc due to a genetic ablation of aldehyde reductase (Akr1a-KO). In this study, concentrations of white blood cells (WBCs) were decreased 3 days after exposure to X-rays at 2 Gy and then gradually recovered. At approximately one month, the recovery rate of WBCs was delayed in the Akr1a-KO mouse group, which was reversed via supplementation with Asc. Following exposure to X-rays, Asc levels decreased in plasma, bone marrow cells, and the liver during an early period, and then started to increase. X-ray exposure stimulated the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which stimulated corticosterone secretion. Asc released from the liver, which was also stimulated by ACTH, appeared to be recruited to the bone marrow. Since corticosterone in high doses is injurious, these collective results imply that Asc protects bone marrow via its antioxidant capacity against ROS produced via exposure to X-rays and the cytotoxic action of transiently elevated corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nohara
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Miyata Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 5-17-21 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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2
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Tang JY, Chuang YT, Shiau JP, Yen CY, Chang FR, Tsai YH, Farooqi AA, Chang HW. Connection between Radiation-Regulating Functions of Natural Products and miRNAs Targeting Radiomodulation and Exosome Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12449. [PMID: 37569824 PMCID: PMC10419287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived membranous structures primarily involved in the delivery of the payload to the recipient cells, and they play central roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Radiotherapy is a common cancer treatment that occasionally generates exosomal miRNA-associated modulation to regulate the therapeutic anticancer function and side effects. Combining radiotherapy and natural products may modulate the radioprotective and radiosensitizing responses of non-cancer and cancer cells, but there is a knowledge gap regarding the connection of this combined treatment with exosomal miRNAs and their downstream targets for radiation and exosome biogenesis. This review focuses on radioprotective natural products in terms of their impacts on exosomal miRNAs to target radiation-modulating and exosome biogenesis (secretion and assembly) genes. Several natural products have individually demonstrated radioprotective and miRNA-modulating effects. However, the impact of natural-product-modulated miRNAs on radiation response and exosome biogenesis remains unclear. In this review, by searching through PubMed/Google Scholar, available reports on potential functions that show radioprotection for non-cancer tissues and radiosensitization for cancer among these natural-product-modulated miRNAs were assessed. Next, by accessing the miRNA database (miRDB), the predicted targets of the radiation- and exosome biogenesis-modulating genes from the Gene Ontology database (MGI) were retrieved bioinformatically based on these miRNAs. Moreover, the target-centric analysis showed that several natural products share the same miRNAs and targets to regulate radiation response and exosome biogenesis. As a result, the miRNA-radiomodulation (radioprotection and radiosensitization)-exosome biogenesis axis in regard to natural-product-mediated radiotherapeutic effects is well organized. This review focuses on natural products and their regulating effects on miRNAs to assess the potential impacts of radiomodulation and exosome biogenesis for both the radiosensitization of cancer cells and the radioprotection of non-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (F.-R.C.); (Y.-H.T.)
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, PhD Program in Life Sciences, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Mitra S, Dash R, Sohel M, Chowdhury A, Munni YA, Ali C, Hannan MA, Islam T, Moon IS. Targeting Estrogen Signaling in the Radiation-induced Neurodegeneration: A Possible Role of Phytoestrogens. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:353-379. [PMID: 35272592 PMCID: PMC10190149 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220310115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation for medical use is a well-established therapeutic method with an excellent prognosis rate for various cancer treatments. Unfortunately, a high dose of radiation therapy comes with its own share of side effects, causing radiation-induced non-specific cellular toxicity; consequently, a large percentage of treated patients suffer from chronic effects during the treatment and even after the post-treatment. Accumulating data evidenced that radiation exposure to the brain can alter the diverse cognitive-related signaling and cause progressive neurodegeneration in patients because of elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and loss of neurogenesis. Epidemiological studies suggested the beneficial effect of hormonal therapy using estrogen in slowing down the progression of various neuropathologies. Despite its primary function as a sex hormone, estrogen is also renowned for its neuroprotective activity and could manage radiation-induced side effects as it regulates many hallmarks of neurodegenerations. Thus, treatment with estrogen and estrogen-like molecules or modulators, including phytoestrogens, might be a potential approach capable of neuroprotection in radiation-induced brain degeneration. This review summarized the molecular mechanisms of radiation effects and estrogen signaling in the manifestation of neurodegeneration and highlighted the current evidence on the phytoestrogen mediated protective effect against radiationinduced brain injury. This existing knowledge points towards a new area to expand to identify the possible alternative therapy that can be taken with radiation therapy as adjuvants to improve patients' quality of life with compromised cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Sohel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Apusi Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, North-South University, Dhaka-12 29, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Chayan Ali
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 08, Sweden
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju38066, Republic of Korea
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Xhuti D, Rebalka IA, Minhas M, May L, Murphy K, Nederveen JP, Tarnopolsky MA. The Acute Effect of Multi-Ingredient Antioxidant Supplementation following Ionizing Radiation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010207. [PMID: 36615864 PMCID: PMC9823556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure is an undeniable health threat encountered in various occupations and procedures. High energy waves in ionizing radiation cause DNA damage and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which further exacerbate DNA, protein, and lipid damage, increasing risk of mutations. Although endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase have evolved to upregulate and neutralize ROS, exogenous dietary antioxidants also have the potential to combat ionizing radiation (IR)-induced ROS production. We evaluated a cocktail of ingredients (AOX) purported to have antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties on the acute effects of IR. We show that IR stimulates DNA damage through phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins in the heart, brain, and liver of mice. AOX showed partial protection in brain and liver, through a lack of significant activation in given repair proteins. In addition, AOX attenuated the IR-induced increase in NF-kβ mRNA and protein expression in brain and liver. Lastly, cytochrome c oxidase complex transcripts were significantly higher in heart and brain following radiation, which was also diminished by prior ingestion of AOX. Together, our findings suggest that a multi-ingredient AOX supplement may attenuate the IR-induced cellular damage response and represents a feasible and cost-effective preventative supplement for at-risk populations of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Xhuti
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Irena A. Rebalka
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mahek Minhas
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Linda May
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kieran Murphy
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C5, Canada
- Cora Therapeutics, Toronto, ON M5K 1N2, Canada
| | - Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-521-2100 (ext. 76593); Fax: +1-905-577-8380
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Giacinto O, Pelliccia F, Minati A, De Crescenzo F, Garo ML, Chello M, Lusini M. Cosmic Radiations and the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Cardiol Rev 2022; Publish Ahead of Print:00045415-990000000-00067. [PMID: 36728769 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, space flights receive continued interest. Humankind's next two goals are to return to the Moon and, a few years later, to land on the surface of Mars. Although technology will improve enough to enable long voyages, there are still some unresolved questions about the effects of the space environment on human health, including the effects of such long voyages on organs. Specifically, there is no information on the effects of radiation in space on the human cardiovascular system. To better understand the adaptation of the cardiovascular system to radiation exposure, the physical properties of radiation and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tissue changes are essential. To this end, this article aims to provide an overview of the effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system by analyzing the physical properties of radiation and their relationship to cellular and molecular mechanisms and potential changes. Each type of radiation triggers different responses in the cardiovascular system. Radiation plays a relevant role in altering endothelial function and arterial wall stiffness by inducing vascular changes that accelerate atherosclerosis and affect endothelial adhesiveness. Clinical studies have shown that vascular changes due to radiation depend on the delayed manifestations of early radiation damage. To reduce the effects of radiation in space, some pharmacological treatments that seem to be able to counteract oxidative stress during flight are being used. At the same time, new shielding systems that can reduce or eliminate radiation exposure must be developed. Future studies should aim to replicate flights in the deep space environment to study in more detail the harmful effects of radiation on the whole cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Giacinto
- From the Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, UOC di Cardiochirurgia
| | | | | | | | - Maria Luisa Garo
- From the Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, UOC di Cardiochirurgia
| | - Massimo Chello
- From the Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, UOC di Cardiochirurgia
| | - Mario Lusini
- From the Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, UOC di Cardiochirurgia
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Fooladi M, Cheki M, Shirazi A, Sheikhzadeh P, Amirrashedi M, Ghahramani F, Khoobi M. Histopathological Evaluation of Protective Effect of Telmisartan against Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow Injury. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:277-284. [PMID: 35698535 PMCID: PMC9175127 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2012-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced hematopoietic suppression and myelotoxicity can occur due to the nuclear accidents, occupational irradiation and therapeutic interventions. Bone marrow dysfunction has always been one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality after ionizing irradiation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the protective effect of telmisartan against radiation-induced bone marrow injuries in a Balb/c mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental study, male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups as follow: group 1: mice received phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without irradiation, group 2: mice received a solution of telmisartan in PBS without irradiation, group 3: mice received PBS with irradiation, and group 4: mice received a solution of telmisartan in PBS with irradiation. A solution of telmisartan was prepared and administered orally at 12 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days prior to whole body exposing to a single sub-lethal dose of 5 Gy X-rays. Protection of bone marrow against radiation induced damage was investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining assay at 3, 9, 15 and 30 days after irradiation. RESULTS Histopathological analysis indicated that administration of telmisartan reduced X-radiation-induced damage and improved bone marrow histology. The number of different cell types in bone marrow, including polymorphonuclear /mononuclear cells and megakaryocytes significantly increased in telmisartan treated group compared to the only irradiated group at all-time points. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated an efficient radioprotective effect of telmisartan in mouse bone marrow against sub-lethal X-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Fooladi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- PhD, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Sheikhzadeh
- PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amirrashedi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD Candidate, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahramani
- MSc, Radiotherapy-Oncology Center, Yas Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- PhD, Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Biological Effects, Countermeasures and Biodosimetry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061098. [PMID: 35739995 PMCID: PMC9219873 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomic and radiological crises can be caused by accidents, military activities, terrorist assaults involving atomic installations, the explosion of nuclear devices, or the utilization of concealed radiation exposure devices. Direct damage is caused when radiation interacts directly with cellular components. Indirect effects are mainly caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species due to radiolysis of water molecules. Acute and persistent oxidative stress associates to radiation-induced biological damages. Biological impacts of atomic radiation exposure can be deterministic (in a period range a posteriori of the event and because of destructive tissue/organ harm) or stochastic (irregular, for example cell mutation related pathologies and heritable infections). Potential countermeasures according to a specific scenario require considering basic issues, e.g., the type of radiation, people directly affected and first responders, range of doses received and whether the exposure or contamination has affected the total body or is partial. This review focuses on available medical countermeasures (radioprotectors, radiomitigators, radionuclide scavengers), biodosimetry (biological and biophysical techniques that can be quantitatively correlated with the magnitude of the radiation dose received), and strategies to implement the response to an accidental radiation exposure. In the case of large-scale atomic or radiological events, the most ideal choice for triage, dose assessment and victim classification, is the utilization of global biodosimetry networks, in combination with the automation of strategies based on modular platforms.
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Yang P, Qu X, Qi S, Li G, Wang S. Oral administration of inorganic nitrate alleviated biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography examination in Wistar rats. Nitric Oxide 2022; 122-123:19-25. [PMID: 35219774 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the inorganic nitrate has a protective effect on biological damage induced by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and compare it with Vitamin C. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Wistar rats were randomly separated into 6 groups: control group, irradiation (IR) group, NaNO3 group, IR + NaNO3 group, Vitamin C group, and IR + Vitamin C group. Rats were whole-body irradiated with CBCT four times. The absorbed dose of the skin surface was measured using thermoluminescent dosemeter chips and the mean whole-body absorbed dose was calculated. Peripheral blood was collected at 0.5h and 24h after irradiation. Bodyweight and organ index of rats before and after irradiation were analyzed. The bone marrow was taken for micronucleus test. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood for γ-H2AX immunofluorescence assay, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were detected. RESULTS The mean absorbed dose of four whole-body CBCT scans for rats was 73.04 mGy. Bodyweight and organ index before and after irradiation with X-ray had no significant differences. The micronuclei frequency of IR + NaNO3 and IR + Vitamin C groups showed a significant decrease than that in the IR group, which was not significantly different from that of the control group. The γ-H2AX foci rates in the IR + NaNO3 group and the IR + Vitamin C group were significantly lower than that in the IR group. In addition, the foci rate of the IR + NaNO3 group returned to the baseline level of the control group 24h after CBCT scanning. The apoptosis of lymphocytes in rats did not increase. The IR + NaNO3 group (P < 0.001) or IR + Vitamin C group (P < 0.001) showed a significant increase in ROS positive cells rate with the control group, while were significantly lower than those in the IR group (P < 0.01). In addition, the ROS-positive cell rate in the IR + NaNO3 group was significantly lower than that in the IR + Vitamin C group. The MDA in the serum of rats increased significantly, while SOD and TAC decreased significantly at 0.5h after irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with Vitamin C, inorganic nitrate had better preventive effects on biological damage induced by CBCT scans in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingmin Qu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Senrong Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Songlin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Jit BP, Pradhan B, Dash R, Bhuyan PP, Behera C, Behera RK, Sharma A, Alcaraz M, Jena M. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010049. [PMID: 35052553 PMCID: PMC8773162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Rajendra Kumar Behera
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Miguel Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
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10
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Sihver L, Mortazavi SMJ. Biological Protection in Deep Space Missions. J Biomed Phys Eng 2021; 11:663-674. [PMID: 34904063 PMCID: PMC8649166 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
During deep space missions, astronauts are exposed to highly ionizing radiation, incl. neutrons, protons and heavy ions from galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar wind (SW) and solar energetic particles
(SEP). This increase the risks for cancerogenisis, damages in central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular diseases, etc. Large SEP events can even cause acute radiation syndrome (ARS).
Long term manned deep space missions will therefor require unique radiation protection strategies. Since it has been shown that physical shielding alone is not sufficient, this paper
propose pre-flight screening of the aspirants for evaluation of their level of adaptive responses. Methods for boosting their immune system, should also be further investigated,
and the possibility of using radiation effect modulators are discussed. In this paper, especially, the use of vitamin C as a promising non-toxic, cost-effective, easily available
radiation mitigator (which can be used hours after irradiation), is described. Although it has previously been shown that vitamin C can decrease radiation-induced chromosomal damage in rodents,
it must be further investigated before any conclusions about its radiation mitigating properties in humans can be concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lembit Sihver
- PhD, Department of Radiation Physics, Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- PhD, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Ito Y, Yamamoto T, Miyai K, Take J, Scherthan H, Rommel A, Eder S, Steinestel K, Rump A, Port M, Shinomiya N, Kinoshita M. Ascorbic acid-2 glucoside mitigates intestinal damage during pelvic radiotherapy in a rat bladder tumor model. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:942-957. [PMID: 34871138 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.2009145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ascorbic acid is a strong antioxidant and has potent radioprotective effects on radiation injuries. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) is a stabilized derivative of ascorbic acid and rapidly hydrolyzed into ascorbic acid and glucose. Since there is the possibility that AA2G treatment interferes with the antitumor activity of radiotherapy, we investigated the effect of AA2G treatment during radiotherapy on acute radiation enteritis and antitumor activity of radiotherapy in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS AY-27 rat bladder tumor cells were used to induce bladder tumors in rats. Two weeks after inoculation rats received fractionated pelvic radiotherapy in eight fractions for 4 weeks totaling 40 Gy. During radiotherapy, one group of rats received per os AA2G (ascorbic acid: 250 mg/kg/day) and its bolus engulfment (ascorbic acid: 250 mg/kg) 8 h before each X-irradiation fraction. Seven days after the last X-irradiation, we studied histology, DNA double strand break (DSB) damage (by 53BP1 foci staining), and the M1/M2 macrophage response by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-fixed bladder and intestinal tissues. RESULTS AA2G treatment reduced the intestinal damage (shortening of villi) but did not reduce antitumor effectiveness of radiotherapy against bladder tumors. Like the controls, AA2G-treated rats showed no residual tumor lesions in the bladder after X-irradiation. Both AA2G-treated and control groups showed similar persistent DSB damage (53BP1 foci) both in bladders and ilea seven days after radiotherapy. Radiotherapy tended to reduce CD163+ M2 macrophages, which are considered as an anti-inflammatory subtype favoring tissue repair, in the bladders. X-irradiation also reduced the occurrence of M2 macrophages in the ilea. AA2G treatment significantly increased CD163+/CD68+ macrophage ratio in the ilea of rats after pelvic irradiation in comparison to the sham irradiated control rats. AA2G treatment increased, albeit not significantly, the CD163+/CD68+ macrophage ratio in the irradiated bladders relative to the control irradiated rats. On the other hand, bladders and ilea of the irradiated rats with and without AA2G treatment showed similar frequencies of CD68+ macrophages. CONCLUSIONS AA2G treatment mitigated radiation-induced intestinal damage without reducing antitumor activity after fractionated pelvic radiotherapy against bladder tumors in rats. The beneficial effect of AA2G treatment seems to promote a restoration of the M2 answer as well as tissue remodeling and wound healing. Similar residual DNA damage in bladders and ilea seven days post-irradiation is consistent with tumor control in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Ito
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamoto
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan.,NBC Counter Medical Unit, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyai
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Junya Take
- Department of Pediatrics, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Anna Rommel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Eder
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexis Rump
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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12
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Molecular Hydrogen as a Potential Clinically Applicable Radioprotective Agent. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094566. [PMID: 33925430 PMCID: PMC8123813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radiation energy into DNA and by free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated in the process of water radiolysis. More specifically, radiation damage concerns not only direct damages to DNA, but also secondary damages to non-DNA targets, because low-dose radiation damage is mainly caused by these indirect effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has the potential to be a radioprotective agent because it can selectively scavenge •OH, a reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing power. Animal experiments and clinical trials have reported that H2 exhibits a highly safe radioprotective effect. This paper reviews previously reported radioprotective effects of H2 and discusses the mechanisms of H2, not only as an antioxidant, but also in intracellular responses including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and the regulation of gene expression. In doing so, we demonstrate the prospects of H2 as a novel and clinically applicable radioprotective agent.
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13
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Oxidative Stress and Gene Expression Modifications Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles: An In Vivo Study of the Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020156. [PMID: 33494540 PMCID: PMC7911176 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect is a biological response in nonirradiated cells receiving signals from cells exposed to ionising radiation. The aim of this in vivo study was to analyse whether extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from irradiated mice could induce modifications in the redox status and expression of radiation-response genes in bystander mice. C57BL/6 mice were whole-body irradiated with 0.1-Gy and 2-Gy X-rays, and EVs originating from mice irradiated with the same doses were injected into naïve, bystander mice. Lipid peroxidation in the spleen and plasma reactive oxygen metabolite (ROM) levels increased 24 h after irradiation with 2 Gy. The expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (iNOS2) decreased, while cell cycle arrest-, senescence- and apoptosis-related genes were upregulated after irradiation with 2 Gy. In bystander mice, no significant alterations were observed in lipid peroxidation or in the expression of genes connected to cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis. However, there was a systemic increase in the circulating ROM level after an intravenous EV injection, and EVs originating from 2-Gy-irradiated mice caused a reduced expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and iNOS2 in bystander mice. In conclusion, we showed that ionising radiation-induced alterations in the cellular antioxidant system can be transmitted in vivo in a bystander manner through EVs originating from directly irradiated animals.
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14
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Hirano SI, Aoki Y, Li XK, Ichimaru N, Takahara S, Takefuji Y. Protective effects of hydrogen gas inhalation on radiation-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients: a retrospective observational study. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:104-109. [PMID: 33942780 PMCID: PMC8174412 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.314329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been developed as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy, reducing bone marrow damage is limited. Thus, a novel technology is needed to further mitigate IMRT-induced bone marrow damage. Molecular hydrogen (H2) was recently reported as a preventive and therapeutic antioxidant that selectively scavenges hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). This observational study aimed to examine whether H2 gas treatment improves IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. The study was performed at Clinic C4 in Tokyo, Japan between May 2015 and November 2016. During this period, all enrolled patients received IMRT once per day for 1 to 4 weeks. After each time of IMRT, the patients of control group (n = 7, 3 men and 4 women, age range: 26-70 years) received mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy in health care chamber for 30 minutes, and the patients of H2 group (n = 16, 8 men and 8 women, age range: 35-82 years) received 5% H2 gas in health care chamber for 30 minutes once per day. Radiation-induced bone marrow damage was evaluated by hematological examination of peripheral blood obtained before and after IMRT, and the data were expressed by the ratio after to before treatment. The total number of radiation times and total exposure doses of radiation were similar between the control and H2 groups. IMRT with health care chamber therapy significantly reduced white blood cells and platelets, but not red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit. In contrast, H2 gas treatment significantly alleviates the reducing effects of white blood cells and platelets (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0275, respectively). Tumor responses to IMRT were similar between the two groups. The results obtained demonstrated that H2 gas inhalation therapy alleviated IMRT-induced bone marrow damage without compromising the anti-tumor effects of IMRT. The present study suggests that this novel approach of H2 gas inhalation therapy may be applicable to IMRT-induced bone marrow damage in cancer patients. The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee Review of Tokyo Clinic and Research Institute ICVS Incorporated (Tokyo, Japan) on February 1, 2019, and was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000035864) on February 20, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Renal Transplantation Center, Kansai Medical Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Takefuji
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
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15
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Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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16
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Amini P, Ashrafizadeh M, Motevaseli E, Najafi M, Shirazi A. Mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic system injury by melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:815-821. [PMID: 32125094 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of exposure to accidental radiation events are a concern in today's world. Radiation terror, nuclear explosion, as well as accidental exposure to radioactive sources in some industries pose a threat to the life of exposed persons. Studies have been conducted using some low-toxic agents to mitigate radiation toxicity and increase survival probability for exposed people. In the current study, we aimed to show the mitigation of radiation-induced mortality and bone marrow toxicity using postirradiation treatment with melatonin. METHOD Mice whole bodies were exposed to 4 or 7 Gy radiation followed by treatment with melatonin after 24 hours. Survival of mice with or without melatonin, the levels of peripheral cells, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the bone marrow, as well as the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4 in bone marrow cells were evaluated. RESULTS Whole body irradiation led to mortality 30 days after irradiation. However, melatonin treatment reduced mortality. Irradiation also showed severe reduction of lymphocytes, platelets, and red blood cells. The expressions of NOX2 and NOX4, in addition to TGF-β level, were increased after exposure to radiation. Melatonin ameliorated the increased levels of these factors and improved the number of blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin showed ability to mitigate radiation-induced hematopoietic system toxicity and also increased survival rate. These results suggest that melatonin could be a potential mitigator for accidental radiation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Amini
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Oral ascorbic acid 2-glucoside prevents coordination disorder induced via laser-induced shock waves in rat brain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230774. [PMID: 32240226 PMCID: PMC7117653 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of primary blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI). We evaluated the effects of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), a well-known antioxidant, to control oxidative stress in rat brain exposed to laser-induced shock waves (LISWs). The design consisted of a controlled animal study using male 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The study was conducted at the University research laboratory. Low-impulse (54 Pa•s) LISWs were transcranially applied to rat brain. Rats were randomized to control group (anesthesia and head shaving, n = 10), LISW group (anesthesia, head shaving and LISW application, n = 10) or LISW + post AA2G group (AA2G administration after LISW application, n = 10) in the first study. In another study, rats were randomized to control group (n = 10), LISW group (n = 10) or LISW + pre and post AA2G group (AA2G administration before and after LISW application, n = 10). The measured outcomes were as follows: (i) motor function assessed by accelerating rotarod test; (ii) levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an oxidative stress marker; (iii) ascorbic acid in each group of rats. Ascorbic acid levels were significantly decreased and 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased in the cerebellum of the LISW group. Motor coordination disorder was also observed in the group. Prophylactic AA2G administration significantly increased the ascorbic acid levels, reduced oxidative stress and mitigated the motor dysfunction. In contrast, the effects of therapeutic AA2G administration alone were limited. The results suggest that the prophylactic administration of ascorbic acid can reduce shock wave-related oxidative stress and prevented motor dysfunction in rats.
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18
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Martinez Marignac V, Mondragon L, Gloria O, Cervantes L, Cantero F, Favant J. Preclinical study of genuine essiac formula: A cancer treatment eight-herbs' tea minimizes DNA insult of X-rays. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ccij.ccij_73_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Lu L, Li W, Chen L, Su Q, Wang Y, Guo Z, Lu Y, Liu B, Qin S. Radiation-induced intestinal damage: latest molecular and clinical developments. Future Oncol 2019; 15:4105-4118. [PMID: 31746639 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To systematically review the prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for reducing the incidence or severity of intestinal symptoms among cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Materials & methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using various search terms, including 'radiation enteritis', 'radiation enteropathy', 'radiation-induced intestinal disease', 'radiation-induced intestinal damage' and 'radiation mucositis'. The search was limited to in vivo studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses published in English with no limitation on publication date. Other relevant literature was identified based on the reference lists of selected studies. Results: The pathogenesis of acute and chronic radiation-induced intestinal damage as well as the prevention and treatment approaches were reviewed. Conclusion: There is inadequate evidence to strongly support the use of a particular strategy to reduce radiation-induced intestinal damage. More high-quality randomized controlled trials are required for interventions with limited evidence suggestive of potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology & Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lihua Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Qiong Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Yongjuan Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China.,School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology & Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Costal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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20
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Sun L, Igarashi T, Tetsuka R, Li YS, Kawasaki Y, Kawai K, Hirakawa H, Tsuboi K, Nakamura AJ, Moritake T. Pilot clinical study of ascorbic acid treatment in cardiac catheterization. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:573-578. [PMID: 31251351 PMCID: PMC6805981 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Clinical radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy sometimes induce tissue damage and/or increase the risk of cancer in patients. However, in radiodiagnosis, a reduction in the exposure dose causes a blockier image that is not acceptable for diagnosis. Approximately 70% of DNA damage is induced via reactive oxygen species and/or radicals created during X-ray irradiation. Therefore, treatment with anti-oxidants and/or radical scavengers is considered to be effective in achieving a good balance between image quality and damage. However, few studies have examined the effect of using radical scavengers to reduce radiation damage in the clinical setting. In this study, we administrated 20 mg/kg ascorbic acid (AA) to patients before cardiac catheterization (CC) for diagnostic purposes. We analyzed changes in the number of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) foci (a marker of DNA double-strand breaks) in lymphocytes, red blood cell glutathione levels, blood cell counts, and biochemical parameters. Unfortunately, we did not find satisfactory evidence to show that AA treatment reduces γH2AX foci formation immediately after CC. AA treatment did, however, cause a higher reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio than in the control arm immediately after CC. This is a preliminary study, but this result suggests that reducing radiation damage in clinical practice can be achieved using a biological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomonori Igarashi
- Iwamoto Hospital, 1-2-8 Shimoishida, Kokuraminami-ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Occupational Toxicology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoya Tetsuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawasaki
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Hirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Social Insurance Nogata Hospital, 1-1 Susakimachi, Nogata, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuboi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asako J Nakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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21
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Wu X, Park M, Sarbassova DA, Ying H, Lee MG, Bhattacharya R, Ellis L, Peterson CB, Hung MC, Lin HK, Bersimbaev RI, Song MS, Sarbassov DD. A chirality-dependent action of vitamin C in suppressing Kirsten rat sarcoma mutant tumor growth by the oxidative combination: Rationale for cancer therapeutics. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2822-2828. [PMID: 31472018 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutant cancers, which constitute the vast majority of pancreatic tumors, are characterized by their resistance to established therapies and high mortality rates. Here, we developed a novel and extremely effective combinational therapeutic approach to target KRAS mutant tumors through the generation of a cytotoxic oxidative stress. At high concentrations, vitamin C (VC) is known to provoke oxidative stress and selectively kill KRAS mutant cancer cells, although its effects are limited when it is given as monotherapy. We found that the combination of VC and the oxidizing drug arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective therapeutic treatment modality. Remarkably, its efficiency is dependent on chirality of VC as its enantiomer d-optical isomer of VC (d-VC) is significantly more potent than the natural l-optical isomer of VC. Thus, our results demonstrate that the oxidizing combination of ATO and d-VC is a promising approach for the treatment of KRAS mutant human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mikyung Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dilara A Sarbassova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rajat Bhattacharya
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lee Ellis
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX.,Department of Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christine B Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rakhmetkazhi I Bersimbaev
- Department of Natural Sciences, The L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Min Sup Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dos D Sarbassov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX.,Department of Biology, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Food Supplements to Mitigate Detrimental Effects of Pelvic Radiotherapy. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7040097. [PMID: 30987157 PMCID: PMC6518429 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic radiotherapy has been frequently reported to cause acute and late onset gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of pelvic radiation-induced GI toxicity are poorly understood, they are known to involve a complex interplay between all cell types comprising the intestinal wall. Furthermore, increasing evidence states that the human gut microbiome plays a role in the development of radiation-induced health damaging effects. Gut microbial dysbiosis leads to diarrhea and fatigue in half of the patients. As a result, reinforcement of the microbiome has become a hot topic in various medical disciplines. To counteract GI radiotoxicities, apart from traditional pharmacological compounds, adjuvant therapies are being developed including food supplements like vitamins, prebiotics, and probiotics. Despite the easy, cheap, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against acute radiation-induced toxicity, clinical trials have yielded contradictory results. In this review, a detailed overview is given of the various clinical, intestinal manifestations after pelvic irradiation as well as the role of the gut microbiome herein. Furthermore, whilst discussing possible strategies to prevent these symptoms, food supplements are presented as auspicious, prophylactic, and therapeutic options to mitigate acute pelvic radiation-induced GI injury by exploring their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Shimura T, Koyama M, Aono D, Kunugita N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:6867-6876. [PMID: 30840834 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802246rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental radiation exposure that is due to a nuclear accident or terrorism using radioactive materials has severe detrimental effects on human health, and it can manifest as acute radiation syndrome depending on the dose and distribution of the radiation. Therefore, the development of radiation countermeasure agents is urgently needed to protect humans against radiation injury. Besides nuclear DNA, the mitochondria are important targets of ionizing radiation (IR) because these organelles generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we revealed that mitochondrial ROS-activated cell signaling is associated with IR-induced tumor formation. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of ascorbic acid and epicatechin (EC) in scavenging ROS as radiation countermeasure agents by using human cells and mouse. Preradiation and postradiation treatments with EC mitigate ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage, IR-induced oxidative stress responses including reduction of superoxide dismutase activity, and elevated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression, and they improve human fibroblast survival. As well as in vitro, EC mitigated ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage after exposure to IR in vivo in mouse platelets. Furthermore, oral administration of EC significantly enhanced the recovery of mouse hematopoietic cells from radiation injury in vivo. In summary, EC is a potentially viable countermeasure agent that is immediately effective against accidental IR exposure by targeting mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress.-Shimura, T., Koyama, M., Aono, D., Kunugita, N. Epicatechin as a promising agent to countermeasure radiation exposure by mitigating mitochondrial damage in human fibroblasts and mouse hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Shimura
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Mao Koyama
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Aono
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and.,Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunugita
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan; and
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Yamashita T, Kato T, Isogai T, Gu Y, Ma N. Protective Effects of Taurine on the Radiation Exposure Induced Cellular Damages in the Mouse Intestine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:443-450. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Bevelacqua JJ, Mortazavi SMJ. Commentary: Immune System Dysregulation During Spaceflight: Potential Countermeasures for Deep Space Exploration Missions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2024. [PMID: 30233600 PMCID: PMC6131484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S M J Mortazavi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,INIRPRC, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Vitamin C Potentiates the Killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the First-Line Tuberculosis Drugs Isoniazid and Rifampin in Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02165-17. [PMID: 29298757 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02165-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) is long and cumbersome. Mismanagement of TB treatment can lead to the emergence of drug resistance in patients, so shortening the treatment duration could significantly improve TB chemotherapy and prevent the development of drug resistance. We previously discovered that high concentrations of vitamin C sterilize cultures of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Here, we tested subinhibitory concentration of vitamin C in combination with TB drugs against M. tuberculosisin vitro and in a mouse model of M. tuberculosis infection. In vivo, we showed that the vitamin C level in mouse serum can be increased by intraperitoneal injection of vitamin C to reach vitamin C levels close to the concentrations required for activity in vitro Although vitamin C had no activity by itself in M. tuberculosis-infected mice, the combination of vitamin C with the first-line TB drugs isoniazid and rifampin reduced the bacterial burden in the lungs of M. tuberculosis-infected mice faster than isoniazid and rifampin combined in two independent experiments. These experiments suggest that the addition of vitamin C to first-line TB drugs could shorten TB treatment. Vitamin C, an inexpensive and nontoxic compound, could easily be added to the TB pharmacopeia to substantially improve chemotherapy outcome, which would have a significant impact on the worldwide TB community.
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SHIMIZU YASUYUKI, AKASAKA HIROAKI, MIYAWAKI DAISUKE, MUKUMOTO NARITOSHI, NAKAYAMA MASAO, WANG TIANYUAN, OSUGA SAKI, INUBUSHI SACHIKO, YADA RYUICHI, EJIMA YASUO, YOSHIDA KENJI, ISHIHARA TAKEAKI, SASAKI RYOHEI. Evaluation of a Small Animal Irradiation System for Animal Experiments Using EBT3 Model GAFCHROMIC™ Film. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 63:E84-E91. [PMID: 29434180 PMCID: PMC5826025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In cancer research, small animal models, for example, mice, rats, or rabbits, facilitate the in-depth study of biological processes and the effects of radiation treatment that can lead to breakthrough discoveries. However, the physical quality of small animal irradiation systems has not been previously evaluated. In this study, we evaluate the quality of a small animal irradiation system using GAFCHROMIC™ film and a Tough Water Phantom. The profiles and percentage depth dose curves for several irradiation conditions were measured to evaluate the quality of the irradiation system. The symmetry ratios when the table was rotated were 1.1 (no filter), 1.0 (0.5 mm Al filter), 1.0 (1.0 mm Al filter), 1.1 (2 mm Al filter), and 1.0 (filter consisting of 0.5 mm Al combined with 0.1 mm Cu). The results of measuring the percentage depth dose curve showed that the relative doses were 17.5% (10 mm depth), 12.4% (20 mm depth), 9.5% (30 mm depth), and 7.4% (40 mm filter) with no filters inserted, 78.0% (10 mm depth), 61.1% (20 mm depth), 46.9% (30 mm depth), and 35.3% (40 mm depth) when a 1.0 mm Al filter was inserted, and 94.4% (10 mm depth), 81.7% (20 mm depth), 68.1% (30 mm depth), and 54.7% (40 mm depth) when a filter consisting of 1.0 mm Al combined with 0.2 mm Cu was inserted. These physical assessments seem to be necessary especially in vivo experiments because those increase reliability of data obtained from small animal irradiation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- YASUYUKI SHIMIZU
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - HIROAKI AKASAKA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - DAISUKE MIYAWAKI
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - NARITOSHI MUKUMOTO
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - MASAO NAKAYAMA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe Minimally Invasive Cancer Center, 8-5-1, Minatojima-nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0046, Japan
| | - TIANYUAN WANG
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - SAKI OSUGA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - SACHIKO INUBUSHI
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - RYUICHI YADA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - YASUO EJIMA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - KENJI YOSHIDA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - TAKEAKI ISHIHARA
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - RYOHEI SASAKI
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Galal SM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Hasan HF. Cholinergic and cytoprotective signaling cascades mediate the mitigative effect of erythropoietin on acute radiation syndrome. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:442-458. [PMID: 29220591 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed to evaluate the radiomitigative efficacy of the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) against acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in a rat model. Rats were irradiated with a single sublethal dose of γ-radiation (7 Gy; total body irradiation; TBI) on the 1st day of experimental course, then received EPO (5000 IU/kg; i.p.) 24 h after irradiation, and rats were observed for 30 days of survival analysis. Administration of EPO improved 30-day survival, alleviated TBI-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia, by augmenting lymphocytes and other white blood cells in the peripheral blood of rats, while bone marrow and spleen cellularity were restored. EPO post-exposure treatment alleviated hepatotoxicity biomarkers and restored splenic function. EPO abrogated radiation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7-nAChR) and the pro-survival Janus kinase-2 and signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK-2/STAT-3 signaling mediated via enhancing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2) cytoprotective machinery in liver and spleen of irradiated rats. Moreover, EPO treatment prevented hepatic and splenic apoptosis. The present study establishes the implication of α-7-nAChR-JAK-2/STAT-3-Nrf-2 signaling cascade in the radiomitigative potential of EPO against ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Mohamed Galal
- a Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khairy Abdel-Rafei
- b Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Farouk Hasan
- b Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Mishra K, Alsbeih G. Appraisal of biochemical classes of radioprotectors: evidence, current status and guidelines for future development. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:292. [PMID: 28868219 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for efficient radioprotective agents to protect from radiation-induced toxicity, due to planned or accidental radiation exposure, is still ongoing worldwide. Despite decades of research and development of widely different biochemical classes of natural and derivative compounds, a safe and effective radioprotector is largely unmet. In this comprehensive review, we evaluated the evidence for the radioprotective performance of classical thiols, vitamins, minerals, dietary antioxidants, phytochemicals, botanical and bacterial preparations, DNA-binding agents, cytokines, and chelators including adaptogens. Where radioprotection was demonstrated, the compounds have shown moderate dose modifying factors ranging from 1.1 to 2.7. To date, only few compounds found way to clinic with limited margin of dose prescription due to side effects. Most of these compounds (amifostine, filgratism, pegfilgrastim, sargramostim, palifermin, recombinant salmonella flagellin, Prussian blue, potassium iodide) act primarily via scavenging of free radicals, modulation of oxidative stress, signal transduction, cell proliferation or enhance radionuclide elimination. However, the gain in radioprotection remains hampered with low margin of tolerance. Future development of more effective radioprotectors requires an appropriate nontoxic compound, a model system and biomarkers of radiation exposure. These are important to test the effectiveness of radioprotection on physiological tissues during radiotherapy and field application in cases of nuclear eventualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand Mishra
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi Alsbeih
- Radiation Biology Section, Biomedical Physics Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Ajith Y, Dimri U, Dixit SK, Singh SK, Gopalakrishnan A, Madhesh E, Rajesh JB, Sangeetha SG. Immunomodulatory basis of antioxidant therapy and its future prospects: an appraisal. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 25:10.1007/s10787-017-0393-5. [PMID: 28864996 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants are agents which can modulate oxidant-antioxidant profile of body system by neutralizing pro-oxidant molecules. The current scientific knowledge on mechanisms of antioxidant activity of biomolecules was critically reviewed with a special emphasis on immunomodulation. The immuno-oxidative wreckage of animals in various disease conditions and the role of biomodulators in curbing the oxidative stress through immune pathways were analyzed. The critical role of immunomodulatory mechanisms in controlling oxidative damage was identified. Selection of antioxidant therapy considering the immunopharmacology of the drug as well as immunological basis of disease may reduce treatment failure and adverse health effects. Hence, it is suggested that future studies on antioxidants may focus on the immuno-oxidative pathobiology to better understand its clinical effects and effective disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ajith
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - U Dimri
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S K Dixit
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Shanker K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, UP, 281 001, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - E Madhesh
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - J B Rajesh
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - S G Sangeetha
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Singh VK, Hanlon BK, Santiago PT, Seed TM. A review of radiation countermeasures focusing on injury-specific medicinals and regulatory approval status: part III. Countermeasures under early stages of development along with 'standard of care' medicinal and procedures not requiring regulatory approval for use. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:885-906. [PMID: 28657400 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1332440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Terrorist attacks, with their intent to maximize psychological and economic damage as well as inflicting sickness and death on given targeted populations, are an ever-growing worldwide concern in government and public sectors as they become more frequent, violent, and sensational. If given the chance, it is likely that terrorists will use radiological or nuclear weapons. To thwart these sinister efforts, both physical and medical countermeasures against these weapons are currently being researched and developed so that they can be utilized by the first responders, military, and medical providers alike. This is the third article of a three-part series in which we have reviewed additional radiation countermeasures that are currently under early preclinical phases of development using largely animal models and have listed and discussed clinical support measures, including agents used for radiation-induced emesis, as well as countermeasures not requiring Food and Drug Administration approval. CONCLUSIONS Despite the significant progress that has been made in this area during the last several years, additional effort is needed in order to push promising new agents, currently under development, through the regulatory pipeline. This pipeline for new promising drugs appears to be unreasonably slow and cumbersome; possible reasons for this inefficiency are briefly discussed. Significant and continued effort needs to be afforded to this research and development area, as to date, there is no approved radioprotector that can be administered prior to high dose radiation exposure. This represents a very significant, unmet medical need and a significant security issue. A large number of agents with potential to interact with different biological targets are under development. In the next few years, several additional radiation countermeasures will likely receive Food and Drug Administration approval, increasing treatment options for victims exposed to unwanted ionizing irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Briana K Hanlon
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
| | - Paola T Santiago
- a Division of Radioprotection, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics , F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A.,b Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , U.S.A
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Valizadeh M, Shirazi A, Izadi P, Tavakkoly Bazzaz J, Rezaeejam H. Expression Levels of Two DNA Repair-related Genes under 8 Gy Ionizing Radiation and 100 Mg/Kg Melatonin Delivery In Rat Peripheral Blood. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:27-36. [PMID: 28451577 PMCID: PMC5401131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After radiation therapy (RT), some health hazards including DNA damages may occur where melatonin can play a protective role due to free radical generation. On the other hand, serious accidental overexposures may occur during RT due to nuclear accidents which necessitate the need for study on exposure to high-dose radiations during treatments. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the expression level of two genes in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways named Xrcc4 and Xrcc6 (Ku70) in order to examine the effect of melatonin on repair of DNA double-strand breaks (BSBs) caused by 8Gy ionizing radiation. METHODS One hundred eight male Wistar rats were irradiated with a whole body gamma radiation dose of 8Gy with or without melatonin pretreatments. They were divided into six different groups of control, 100 mg/kg melatonin alone, 8Gy irradiation alone, vehicle alone, vehicle plus 8Gy irradiation and 100 mg/kg melatonin plus 8Gy irradiation. Peripheral blood samples were collected at 8, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. Ku70 and Xrcc4 gene expression were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS Expression of Ku70 and Xrcc4 genes normalized against Hprt gene showed significant difference in melatonin plus irradiation group at 8h compared to the control group (p<0.05). At 24h post irradiation, gene expression changes were significantly upregulated in irradiation-alone group as well as melatonin plus irradiation group (p<0.05). No significant change was found in any groups compared to control group at 48 h time point. CONCLUSION We concluded that, by increasing expression level of Ku70 and Xrcc4 genes, 100 mg/kg melatonin administration 8 and 24 h before 8 Gyionizing radiation can significantly affect the repair of DNA DSBs in NHEJ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Shirazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P. Izadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Tavakkoly Bazzaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Rezaeejam
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical School, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Xue XL, Han XD, Li Y, Chu XF, Miao WM, Zhang JL, Fan SJ. Astaxanthin attenuates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury in mice via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28115023 PMCID: PMC5260077 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hematopoietic system is especially sensitive to total body irradiation (TBI), and myelosuppression is one of the major effects of TBI. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a powerful natural anti-oxidant with low toxicity. In this study, the effect of ATX on hematopoietic system injury after TBI was investigated. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of cytochrome C, cell apoptosis, and NRF2-related proteins. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect Nrf2 translocation. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of apoptotic-related proteins. Enzymatic activities assay kits were used to analyze SOD2, CAT, and GPX1 activities. Results Compared with the TBI group, ATX can improve radiation-induced skewed differentiation of peripheral blood cells and accelerate hematopoietic self-renewal and regeneration. The radio-protective effect of ATX is probably attributable to the scavenging of ROS and the reduction of cell apoptosis. These changes were associated with increased activation of Nrf2 and downstream anti-oxidative proteins, and regulation of apoptotic-related proteins. Conclusions This study suggests that ATX could be used as a potent therapeutic agent to protect the hematopoietic system against TBI-induced bone marrow suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Xue
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Chu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Wei-Min Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Sai-Jun Fan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300192, China.
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34
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Hosokawa Y, Saga R, Monzen S, Terashima S, Tsuruga E. Ascorbic acid does not reduce the anticancer effect of radiotherapy. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:103-107. [PMID: 28123717 PMCID: PMC5244771 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study hypothesized that the therapeutic use of ascorbic acid (AsA) in combination with radiation may reduce therapy-related side effects and increase the antitumor effects. The aim of the study was to examine the association between the scavenged activity of AsA and the biological anticancer effect of hydroxyl (OH) radicals generated by X-ray irradiation. Cell survival, DNA fragmentation of human leukemia HL60 cells and the amount of OH radicals were investigated following X-ray irradiation and AsA treatment. The number of living cells decreased, and DNA fragmentation increased at AsA concentrations >1 mM. Electron spin resonance spectra revealed that X-ray irradiation generated OH radicals, which were scavenged by AsA at concentrations >75 µM. The AsA concentration inside the cell was 75 µM when cells underwent extracellular treatment with 5 mM AsA, which significantly induced HL60 cell death even without irradiation. No increase in the number of viable HL60 cells was observed following AsA treatment with irradiation when compared to irradiation alone. In conclusion, the disappearance of the radiation anticancer effects with AsA treatment in combination with radiotherapy for cancer treatment is not a cause for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Ryo Saga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Shingo Terashima
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Zhang J, Li H, Lu L, Yan L, Yang X, Shi Z, Li D. The Yiqi and Yangyin Formula ameliorates injury to the hematopoietic system induced by total body irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:1-7. [PMID: 27422936 PMCID: PMC5321178 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether the Yiqi and Yangyin Formula (YYF), used in traditional Chinese medicine, could ameliorate damage to the hematopoietic system induced by total body irradiation (TBI). Treatment with 15 g/kg of YYF increased the survival rate of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice exposed to 7.5 Gy TBI. Furthermore, YYF treatment increased the white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) counts in ICR mice exposed to 2 Gy or 4 Gy TBI. Treatment with YYF also increased the number of bone marrow cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the colony-forming ability of granulocyte-macrophage cells. YYF alleviated TBI-induced suppression of the differentiation ability of HPCs and HSCs and decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), HPCs and HSCs from mice exposed to 2 Gy or 4 Gy TBI. Overall, our data suggest that YYF can ameliorate myelosuppression by reducing the intracellular ROS levels in hematopoietic cells after TBI at doses of 2 Gy and 4 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Lixiang Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhexin Shi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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Zhang J, Xue X, Han X, Yao C, Lu L, Li D, Hou Q, Miao W, Meng A, Fan S. Vam3 ameliorates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury partly by regulating the expression of Nrf2-targeted genes. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 101:455-464. [PMID: 27989754 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vam3, a resveratrol dimer, has been implicated in the regulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the effect of Vam3 on total body irradiation (TBI)-induced hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) injury is unknown. In this study, we examined whether Vam3could ameliorate hematopoietic system injury induced by TBI. Our results indicated that Vam3 alleviated TBI-induced injury by improving the self-renewal and differentiation of HPCs, and HSCs. Vam3 decreased the intracellular ROS levels in irradiated mice HPCs/HSCs or c-kit positive cells and inhibited apoptosis and DNA damage in LSKs and HPCs after TBI. Vam3 up-regulated the expression of Nrf2 and related genes and proteins in irradiated c-kit positive cells in vitro. However, Vam3 did not increase the cell viability or the number of CFU-GM c-kit positive cells in irradiated Nrf2-/- mice but decreased the cellular ROS level. The above data showed that Vam3 ameliorates total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic system injury and that Nrf2 is essential in mediating Vam3's protective effect on the proliferation of c-kit positive cells after irradiation but not its ability to scavenge for free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaolei Xue
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaodan Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chunsuo Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Zhou Z, Huang Y, Liang J, Ou M, Chen J, Li G. Extraction, purification and anti-radiation activity of persimmon tannin from Diospyros kaki L.f. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 162-163:182-188. [PMID: 27267156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, persimmon tannin was extracted from Diospyros kaki L.f. using ultrasound-assisted extraction and purified by D101 macroporous resin column chromatography and polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane. The tannin content of the final persimmon tannin extracts was attained to 39.56% calculated as catechin equivalents. Also, the radioprotective effects of persimmon tannin for HEK 293T cells proliferation and apoptosis after Gamma irradiation were investigated by CCK-8, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species assay (ROS). Persimmon tannin was pre-incubated with HEK 293T cells for 12 h prior to Gamma irradiation. It was found that pretreatment with persimmon tannin increased cell viability and inhibited generation of Gamma-radiation induced ROS in HEK 293T cells exposed to 8 Gy Gamma-radiation. The percentage of apoptotic cells were only 6.7% when the radiation dose was 8 Gy and pretreated with 200 μg/ml of persimmon tannin. All these results indicated that persimmon tannin offered a potent radioprotective effect on cell vitality and cell apoptosis of Gamma-radiation exposure in HEK 293T cells. This study would serve as a pre-clinical evaluation of persimmon tannin for use in people with radiation protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhide Zhou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Jintao Liang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Minglin Ou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Research, Guilin 181st Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China
| | - Guiyin Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541014, China.
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