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Shimizu K, Nishi M, Sakate Y, Kawanami H, Bito T, Arima J, Leria L, Maldonado M. Silica-associated proteins from hexactinellid sponges support an alternative evolutionary scenario for biomineralization in Porifera. Nat Commun 2024; 15:181. [PMID: 38185711 PMCID: PMC10772126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Metazoans use silicon traces but rarely develop extensive silica skeletons, except for the early-diverging lineage of sponges. The mechanisms underlying metazoan silicification remain incompletely understood, despite significant biotechnological and evolutionary implications. Here, the characterization of two proteins identified from hexactinellid sponge silica, hexaxilin and perisilin, supports that the three classes of siliceous sponges (Hexactinellida, Demospongiae, and Homoscleromorpha) use independent protein machineries to build their skeletons, which become non-homologous structures. Hexaxilin forms the axial filament to intracellularly pattern the main symmetry of the skeletal parts, while perisilin appears to operate in their thickening, guiding extracellular deposition of peripheral silica, as does glassin, a previously characterized hexactinellid silicifying protein. Distant hexaxilin homologs occur in some bilaterians with siliceous parts, suggesting putative conserved silicifying activity along metazoan evolution. The findings also support that ancestral Porifera were non-skeletonized, acquiring silica skeletons only after diverging into major classes, what reconciles molecular-clock dating and the fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Platform for Community-based Research and Education, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan.
| | - Michika Nishi
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate studies of Sustainability Science, Tottori University Graduate School, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuto Sakate
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate studies of Sustainability Science, Tottori University Graduate School, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Haruka Kawanami
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho, Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Laia Leria
- Sponge Ecobiology and Biotechnology Group, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Blanes, 17300, Spain
| | - Manuel Maldonado
- Sponge Ecobiology and Biotechnology Group, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Blanes, 17300, Spain.
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2
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Usseglio J, Dumur A, Pagès E, Renaudie É, Abélanet A, Brie J, Champion É, Magnaudeix A. Microporous Hydroxyapatite-Based Ceramics Alter the Physiology of Endothelial Cells through Physical and Chemical Cues. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:460. [PMID: 37754874 PMCID: PMC10531673 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of silicate ions in calcium phosphate ceramics (CPC) and modification of their multiscale architecture are two strategies for improving the vascularization of scaffolds for bone regenerative medicine. The response of endothelial cells, actors for vascularization, to the chemical and physical cues of biomaterial surfaces is little documented, although essential. We aimed to characterize in vitro the response of an endothelial cell line, C166, cultivated on the surface CPCs varying either in terms of their chemistry (pure versus silicon-doped HA) or their microstructure (dense versus microporous). Adhesion, metabolic activity, and proliferation were significantly altered on microporous ceramics, but the secretion of the pro-angiogenic VEGF-A increased from 262 to 386 pg/mL on porous compared to dense silicon-doped HA ceramics after 168 h. A tubulogenesis assay was set up directly on the ceramics. Two configurations were designed for discriminating the influence of the chemistry from that of the surface physical properties. The formation of tubule-like structures was qualitatively more frequent on dense ceramics. Microporous ceramics induced calcium depletion in the culture medium (from 2 down to 0.5 mmol/L), which is deleterious for C166. Importantly, this effect might be associated with the in vitro static cell culture. No influence of silicon doping of HA on C166 behavior was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amandine Magnaudeix
- Université de Limoges, CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur les Céramiques, UMR 7315, F-87000 Limoges, France; (J.U.); (A.D.); (E.P.); (É.R.); (A.A.); (J.B.); (É.C.)
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3
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Login FH, Nejsum LN. Aquaporin water channels: roles beyond renal water handling. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:604-618. [PMID: 37460759 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are pivotal to renal water handling and therefore in the regulation of body water homeostasis. However, beyond the kidney, AQPs facilitate water reabsorption and secretion in other cells and tissues, including sweat and salivary glands and the gastrointestinal tract. A growing body of evidence has also revealed that AQPs not only facilitate the transport of water but also the transport of several small molecules and gases such as glycerol, H2O2, ions and CO2. Moreover, AQPs are increasingly understood to contribute to various cellular processes, including cellular migration, adhesion and polarity, and to act upstream of several intracellular and intercellular signalling pathways to regulate processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell invasiveness. Of note, several AQPs are highly expressed in multiple cancers, where their expression can correlate with the spread of cancerous cells to lymph nodes and alter the response of cancers to conventional chemotherapeutics. These data suggest that AQPs have diverse roles in various homeostatic and physiological systems and may be exploited for prognostics and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric H Login
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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4
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Aquaporins Display a Diversity in their Substrates. J Membr Biol 2023; 256:1-23. [PMID: 35986775 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins constitute a family of transmembrane proteins that function to transport water and other small solutes across the cell membrane. Aquaporins family members are found in diverse life forms. Aquaporins share the common structural fold consisting of six transmembrane alpha helices with a central water-transporting channel. Four such monomers assemble together to form tetramers as their biological unit. Initially, aquaporins were discovered as water-transporting channels, but several studies supported their involvement in mediating the facilitated diffusion of different solutes. The so-called water channel is able to transport a variety of substrates ranging from a neutral molecule to a charged molecule or a small molecule to a bulky molecule or even a gas molecule. This article gives an overview of a diverse range of substrates conducted by aquaporin family members. Prime focus is on human aquaporins where aquaporins show a wide tissue distribution and substrate specificity leading to various physiological functions. This review also highlights the structural mechanisms leading to the transport of water and glycerol. More research is needed to understand how one common fold enables the aquaporins to transport an array of solutes.
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5
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Geng X, Shao G, Jiang T, Yang B. Transport Characteristics of Aquaporins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:53-64. [PMID: 36717486 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are a class of the integral membrane proteins. The main physiological function of AQPs is to facilitate the water transport across plasma membrane of cells. However, the transport of various kinds of small molecules by AQPs is an interesting topic. Studies using in vitro cell models have found that AQPs mediated transport of small molecules, including glycerol, urea, carbamides, polyols, purines, pyrimidines and monocarboxylates, and gases such as CO2, NO, NH3, H2O2 and O2, although the high intrinsic membrane permeabilities for these gases make aquaporin-facilitated transport not dominant in physiological mechanism. AQPs are also considered to transport silicon, antimonite, arsenite and some ions; however, most data about transport characteristics of AQPs are derived from in vitro experiments. The physiological significance of AQPs that are permeable to various small molecules is necessary to be determined by in vivo experiments. This chapter will provide information about the transport characteristics of AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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6
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Saitoh Y, Suga M. Structure and function of a silicic acid channel Lsi1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982068. [PMID: 36172553 PMCID: PMC9510833 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is a beneficial element for plant growth and production, especially in rice. Plant roots take up silicon in the form of silicic acid. Silicic acid channels, which belong to the NIP subfamily of aquaporins, are responsible for silicic acid uptake. Accumulated experimental results have deepened our understanding of the silicic acid channel for its uptake mechanism, physiological function, localization, and other aspects. However, how the silicic acid channel efficiently and selectively permeates silicic acid remains to be elucidated. Recently reported crystal structures of the silicic acid channel enabled us to discuss the mechanism of silicic acid uptake by plant roots at an atomic level. In this mini-review, we focus on the crystal structures of the silicic acid channel and provide a detailed description of the structural determinants of silicic acid permeation and its transport mechanism, which are crucial for the rational creation of secure and sustainable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saitoh
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Michihiro Suga
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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7
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Shi Y, Yasui M, Hara-Chikuma M. AQP9 transports lactate in tumor-associated macrophages to stimulate an M2-like polarization that promotes colon cancer progression. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 31:101317. [PMID: 35967760 PMCID: PMC9372591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a major role in the immune defense against pathogenic factors; however, they can lead to tumor exacerbation and metastasis, as the tumor microenvironment (TME) polarizes tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the M2 subtype. Lactate, a metabolite produced by carcinoma cells at high concentrations in the TME, induces an M2-polarization in macrophages, which ultimately leads to the secretion of factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and promotes tumor progression. However, the effect of TAM lactate import on tumor progression has not been fully elucidated. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is a transporter of water and glycerol expressed in macrophages. Here, we used a tumor allograft mouse model to show that AQP9 knockout (AQP9−/−) mice were more resistant against tumor cell growth and exhibited a suppressive M2-like polarization in tumor tissue than wild-type mice. Moreover, we discovered that the primary bone marrow-derived macrophages from AQP9−/− mice were less sensitive to lactate stimulation and exhibited reduced M2-like polarization as well as decreased VEGF production. To further investigate the role of AQP9 in macrophage polarization, we overexpressed AQP9 in Chinese hamster ovary cells and found that AQP9 functioned in lactate import. In contrast, primary AQP9−/− macrophages and AQP9 knockdown RAW264.7 cells exhibited a reduced lactate transport rate, suggesting the involvement of AQP9 in lactate transport in macrophages. Together, our results reveal the mechanism by which the TME modifies the polarization and function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages via AQP9 transport function. Tumor growth was suppressed in AQP9-deficient mice. M2-like TAMs were reduced in tumor tissues of AQP9-deficient mice. AQP9 deficiency attenuated lactate-induced M2 polarization in macrophages. AQP9 is a lactate transporter in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundi Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
- Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University Global Research Institute, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacology, Keio University, School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160, Japan.
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8
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Structural basis for high selectivity of a rice silicon channel Lsi1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6236. [PMID: 34716344 PMCID: PMC8556265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si), the most abundant mineral element in the earth’s crust, is taken up by plant roots in the form of silicic acid through Low silicon rice 1 (Lsi1). Lsi1 belongs to the Nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein subfamily in aquaporin and shows high selectivity for silicic acid. To uncover the structural basis for this high selectivity, here we show the crystal structure of the rice Lsi1 at a resolution of 1.8 Å. The structure reveals transmembrane helical orientations different from other aquaporins, characterized by a unique, widely opened, and hydrophilic selectivity filter (SF) composed of five residues. Our structural, functional, and theoretical investigations provide a solid structural basis for the Si uptake mechanism in plants, which will contribute to secure and sustainable rice production by manipulating Lsi1 selectivity for different metalloids. The rice Lsi1 aquaporin mediates uptake of silicic acid via the roots. Here the authors show the crystal structure of rice Lsi1 and characterize a unique five residue hydrophilic selectivity filter providing a structural basis for the highly selective activity of Lsi1 in Si uptake.
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9
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van den Berg B, Pedebos C, Bolla JR, Robinson CV, Baslé A, Khalid S. Structural Basis for Silicic Acid Uptake by Higher Plants. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167226. [PMID: 34487790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Many of the world's most important food crops such as rice, barley and maize accumulate silicon (Si) to high levels, resulting in better plant growth and crop yields. The first step in Si accumulation is the uptake of silicic acid by the roots, a process mediated by the structurally uncharacterised NIP subfamily of aquaporins, also named metalloid porins. Here, we present the X-ray crystal structure of the archetypal NIP family member from Oryza sativa (OsNIP2;1). The OsNIP2;1 channel is closed in the crystal structure by the cytoplasmic loop D, which is known to regulate channel opening in classical plant aquaporins. The structure further reveals a novel, five-residue extracellular selectivity filter with a large diameter. Unbiased molecular dynamics simulations show a rapid opening of the channel and visualise how silicic acid interacts with the selectivity filter prior to transmembrane diffusion. Our results will enable detailed structure-function studies of metalloid porins, including the basis of their substrate selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert van den Berg
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. https://twitter.com/ConradoPedebos
| | - Conrado Pedebos
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jani R Bolla
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK; The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Arnaud Baslé
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; The Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. https://twitter.com/ProfSyk
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10
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Coskun D, Deshmukh R, Shivaraj SM, Isenring P, Bélanger RR. Lsi2: A black box in plant silicon transport. PLANT AND SOIL 2021; 466:1-20. [PMID: 34720209 PMCID: PMC8550040 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-05061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicon (Si) is widely considered a non-essential but beneficial element for higher plants, providing broad protection against various environmental stresses (both biotic and abiotic), particularly in species that can readily absorb the element. Two plasma-membrane proteins are known to coordinate the radial transport of Si (in the form of Si(OH)4) from soil to xylem within roots: the influx channel Lsi1 and the efflux transporter Lsi2. From a structural and mechanistic perspective, much more is known about Lsi1 (a member of the NIP-III subgroup of the Major Intrinsic Proteins) compared to Lsi2 (a putative Si(OH)4/H+ antiporter, with some homology to bacterial anion transporters). SCOPE Here, we critically review the current state of understanding regarding the physiological role and molecular characteristics of Lsi2. We demonstrate that the structure-function relationship of Lsi2 is largely uncharted and that the standing transport model requires much better supportive evidence. We also provide (to our knowledge) the most current and extensive phylogenetic analysis of Lsi2 from all fully sequenced higher-plant genomes. We end by suggesting research directions and hypotheses to elucidate the properties of Lsi2. CONCLUSIONS Given that Lsi2 is proposed to mediate xylem Si loading and thus root-to-shoot translocation and biosilicification, it is imperative that the field of Si transport focus its efforts on a better understanding of this important topic. With this review, we aim to stimulate and advance research in the field of Si transport and thus better exploit Si to improve crop resilience and agricultural output. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-021-05061-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté Des Sciences de L’Agriculture Et de L’Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - S. M. Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Paul Isenring
- Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté Des Sciences de L’Agriculture Et de L’Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec Canada
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11
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Lei Q, Guo J, Kong F, Cao J, Wang L, Zhu W, Brinker CJ. Bioinspired Cell Silicification: From Extracellular to Intracellular. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6305-6322. [PMID: 33826324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In nature, biosilicification directs the formation of elaborate amorphous silica exoskeletons that provide diatoms mechanically strong, chemically inert, non-decomposable silica armor conferring chemical and thermal stability as well as resistance to microbial attack, without changing the optical transparency or adversely effecting nutrient and waste exchange required for growth. These extraordinary silica/cell biocomposites have inspired decades of biomimetic research aimed at replication of diatoms' hierarchically organized exoskeletons, immobilization of cells or living organisms within silica matrices and coatings to protect them against harmful external stresses, genetic re-programming of cellular functions by virtue of physico-chemical confinement within silica, cellular integration into devices, and endowment of cells with non-native, abiotic properties through facile silica functionalization. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on the development and concomitant challenges of bioinspired cell silicification ranging from "cells encapsulated within 3D silica matrices" and "cells encapsulated within 2D silica shells" to extra- and intracellular silica replication, wherein all biomolecular interfaces are encased within nanoscopic layers of amorphous silica. We highlight notable examples of advances in the science and technology of biosilicification and consider challenges to advancing the field, where we propose cellular "mineralization" with arbitrary nanoparticle exoskeletons as a generalizable means to impart limitless abiotic properties and functions to cells, and, based on the interchangeability of water and silicic acid and analogies between amorphous ice and amorphous silica, we consider "freezing" cells within amorphous silica as an alternative to cryo-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Fanhui Kong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Cao
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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12
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Magnusson C, Uribe P, Jugdaohsingh R, Powell JJ, Johansson A, Ransjö M. Inhibitory effects of orthosilicic acid on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1967-1978. [PMID: 33817967 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported on the positive effects of silicon (Si) on bone metabolism, particularly on the stimulatory effects of Si on osteoblast cells and on bone formation. Inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclast formation and bone resorption have also been demonstrated in vitro and are suggested to be mediated indirectly via stromal and osteoblast cells. Direct effects of Si on osteoclasts have been less studied and mostly using soluble Si, but no characterisation of the Si treatment solutions are provided. The aims of the present study were to (a) further investigate the direct inhibitory effects of Si on osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, (b) determine at what stage during osteoclastogenesis Si acts upon, and (c) determine if these effects can be attributed to the biologically relevant soluble orthosilicic acid specie. Our results demonstrate that silicon, at 50 μg/ml (or 1.8 mM), does not affect cell viability but directly inhibits the formation of TRAP+ multinucleated cells and the expression of osteoclast phenotypic genes in RAW264.7 cells. The inhibitory effect of Si was clearly associated with the early stages (first 24 hr) of osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, these effects can be attributed to the soluble orthosilicic acid specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Magnusson
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anders Johansson
- Unit of Molecular Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Ransjö
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Abdalla Y, Luo M, Mäkilä E, Day BW, Voelcker NH, Tong WY. Effectiveness of porous silicon nanoparticle treatment at inhibiting the migration of a heterogeneous glioma cell population. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:60. [PMID: 33637089 PMCID: PMC7908697 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 80% of brain tumours are gliomas. Despite treatment, patient mortality remains high due to local metastasis and relapse. It has been shown that transferrin-functionalised porous silicon nanoparticles (Tf@pSiNPs) can inhibit the migration of U87 glioma cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of glioma cell heterogeneity, which is a hallmark of the disease, on the efficacy of Tf@pSiNPs remains to be addressed. RESULTS Here, we observed that Tf@pSiNPs inhibited heterogeneous patient-derived glioma cells' (WK1) migration across small perforations (3 μm) by approximately 30%. A phenotypical characterisation of the migrated subpopulations revealed that the majority of them were nestin and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 positive, an indication of their cancer stem cell origin. The treatment did not inhibit cell migration across large perforations (8 μm), nor cytoskeleton formation. This is in agreement with our previous observations that cellular-volume regulation is a mediator of Tf@pSiNPs' cell migration inhibition. Since aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is closely linked to cellular-volume regulation, and is highly expressed in glioma, the effect of AQP9 expression on WK1 migration was investigated. We showed that WK1 migration is correlated to the differential expression patterns of AQP9. However, AQP9-silencing did not affect WK1 cell migration across perforations, nor the efficacy of cell migration inhibition mediated by Tf@pSiNPs, suggesting that AQP9 is not a mediator of the inhibition. CONCLUSION This in vitro investigation highlights the unique therapeutic potentials of Tf@pSiNPs against glioma cell migration and indicates further optimisations that are required to maximise its therapeutic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Abdalla
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.,Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Meihua Luo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bryan W Day
- Sid Faithfull Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. .,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia. .,Leibniz Institut für Neue Materialien (INM), Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics Science, Monash University, Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Noronha H, Silva A, Mitani-Ueno N, Conde C, Sabir F, Prista C, Soveral G, Isenring P, Ma JF, Bélanger RR, Gerós H. The grapevine NIP2;1 aquaporin is a silicon channel. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6789-6798. [PMID: 32584998 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) supplementation has been shown to improve plant tolerance to different stresses, and its accumulation in the aerial organs is mediated by NIP2;1 aquaporins (Lsi channels) and Lsi2-type exporters in roots. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that grapevine expresses a functional NIP2;1 that accounts for root Si uptake and, eventually, Si accumulation in leaves. Own-rooted grapevine cuttings of the cultivar Vinhão accumulated >0.2% Si (DW) in leaves when irrigated with 1.5 mM Si for 1 month, while Si was undetected in control leaves. Real-time PCR showed that VvNIP2;1 was highly expressed in roots and in green berries. The transient transformation of tobacco leaf epidermal cells mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens confirmed VvNIP2;1 localization at the plasma membrane. Transport experiments in oocytes showed that VvNIP2;1 mediates Si and arsenite uptake, whereas permeability studies revealed that VvNIP2;1 expressed in yeast is unable to transport water and glycerol. Si supplementation to pigmented grape cultured cells (cv. Gamay Freáux) had no impact on the total phenolic and anthocyanin content, or on the growth rate and VvNIP2;1 expression. Long-term experiments should help determine the extent of Si uptake over time and whether grapevine can benefit from Si fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Noronha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Angélica Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Carlos Conde
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Farzana Sabir
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, and DRAT, Departamento de Recursos Biológicos, Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Prista
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, and DRAT, Departamento de Recursos Biológicos, Ambiente e Território, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Group, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Hernâni Gerós
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), Department of Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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16
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Li G, Chen T, Zhang Z, Li B, Tian S. Roles of Aquaporins in Plant-Pathogen Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1134. [PMID: 32882951 PMCID: PMC7569825 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of small, membrane channel proteins present in a wide range of organisms. In addition to water, AQPs can facilitate the efficient and selective flux of various small solutes involved in numerous essential processes across membranes. A growing body of evidence now shows that AQPs are important regulators of plant-pathogen interaction, which ultimately lead to either plant immunity or pathogen pathogenicity. In plants, AQPs can mediate H2O2 transport across plasma membranes (PMs) and contribute to the activation of plant defenses by inducing pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity and systemic acquired resistance (SAR), followed by downstream defense reactions. This involves the activation of conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, the production of callose, the activation of NPR1 and PR genes, as well as the opening and closing of stomata. On the other hand, pathogens utilize aquaporins to mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and regulate their normal growth, development, secondary or specialized metabolite production and pathogenicity. This review focuses on the roles of AQPs in plant immunity, pathogenicity, and communications during plant-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Boqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
| | - Shiping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (G.L.); (T.C.); (Z.Z.); (B.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Maldonado M, López-Acosta M, Beazley L, Kenchington E, Koutsouveli V, Riesgo A. Cooperation between passive and active silicon transporters clarifies the ecophysiology and evolution of biosilicification in sponges. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba9322. [PMID: 32832609 PMCID: PMC7439455 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological utilization of dissolved silicon (DSi) influences ocean ecology and biogeochemistry. In the deep sea, hexactinellid sponges are major DSi consumers that remain poorly understood. Their DSi consumption departs from the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of shallow-water demosponges and appears particularly maladapted to incorporating DSi from the modest concentrations typical of the modern ocean. Why did sponges not adapt to the shrinking DSi availability that followed diatom expansion some 100 to 65 million years ago? We propose that sponges incorporate DSi combining passive (aquaglyceroporins) and active (ArsB) transporters, while only active transporters (SITs) operate in diatoms and choanoflagellates. Evolution of greater silicon transport efficiency appears constrained by the additional role of aquaglyceroporins in transporting essential metalloids other than silicon. We discuss the possibility that lower energy costs may have driven replacement of ancestral SITs by less efficient aquaglyceroporins, and discuss the functional implications of conservation of aquaglyceroporin-mediated DSi utilization in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Maldonado
- Department of Marine Ecology, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Acceso Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain
| | - M. López-Acosta
- Department of Marine Ecology, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Acceso Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Girona, Spain
| | - L. Beazley
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Dr., Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - E. Kenchington
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Dr., Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - V. Koutsouveli
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum of London, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK
| | - A. Riesgo
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum of London, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK
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18
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Chappell HF, Jugdaohsingh R, Powell JJ. Physiological silicon incorporation into bone mineral requires orthosilicic acid metabolism to SiO 44. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200145. [PMID: 32486955 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the predominant form of bioavailable silicon (Si) is orthosilicic acid (OSA). In this study, given Si's recognized positive effect on bone growth and integrity, we examined the chemical form and position of this natural Si source in the inorganic bone mineral hydroxyapatite (HA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) of rat tibia bone mineral showed that the mineral phase was similar to that of phase-pure HA. However, theoretical XRD patterns revealed that at the levels found in bone, the 'Si effect' would be virtually undetectable. Thus we used first principles density functional theory calculations to explore the energetic and geometric consequences of substituting OSA into a large HA model. Formation energy analysis revealed that OSA is not favourable as a neutral interstitial substitution but can be incorporated as a silicate ion substituting for a phosphate ion, suggesting that incorporation will only occur under specific conditions at the bone-remodelling interface and that dietary forms of Si will be metabolized to simpler chemical forms, specifically [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we show that this substitution, at the low silicate concentrations found in the biological environment, is likely to be a driver of calcium phosphate crystallization from an amorphous to a fully mineralized state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen F Chappell
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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19
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Coskun D, Deshmukh R, Sonah H, Shivaraj SM, Frenette‐Cotton R, Tremblay L, Isenring P, Bélanger RR. Si permeability of a deficient Lsi1 aquaporin in tobacco can be enhanced through a conserved residue substitution. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00163. [PMID: 31453431 PMCID: PMC6702468 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial substrate for many plants, conferring heightened resilience to environmental stress. A plant's ability to absorb Si is primarily dependent on the presence of a Si-permeable Lsi1 (NIP2-1) aquaporin in its roots. Structure-function analyses of Lsi1 channels from higher plants have thus far revealed two key molecular determinants of Si permeability: (a) the amino acid motif GSGR in the aromatic/arginine selectivity filter and (b) 108 amino acids between two highly conserved NPA domains. Curiously, tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) stands as a rare exception as it possesses an Lsi1 (NsLsi1) with these molecular signatures but is reported as a low Si accumulator. The aim of this study was therefore to identify whether additional determinants influence Si permeability via Lsi1 channels, focusing on the role of residues that differ uniquely in NsLsi1 relative to functional Lsi1 homologs. We observed tobacco indeed absorbed Si poorly (0.1% dw), despite NsLsi1 being expressed constitutively in planta. Si influx measured in NsLsi1-expressing Xenopus oocytes was very low (<13% that of OsLsi1 from rice (Oryza sativa) over a 3-hr time course), which likely explains why tobacco is a low Si accumulator. Interestingly, NsLsi1P125F displayed a significant gain of function (threefold increase in Si influx relative to NsLsi1WT), which coincided with a threefold increase in plasma membrane localization in planta, as measured by transient expression of GFP constructs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. These findings thus reveal a novel molecular determinant of Si transport in plants and inform breeding, biotechnological, and agricultural practices to effectively utilize Si in the context of plant resilience to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Coskun
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Humira Sonah
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
- National Agri‐Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI)MohaliPunjabIndia
| | - Sheelavanta Matha Shivaraj
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Rachelle Frenette‐Cotton
- Nephrology Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, L’Hôtel‐Dieu de Québec InstitutionUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Laurence Tremblay
- Nephrology Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, L’Hôtel‐Dieu de Québec InstitutionUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, L’Hôtel‐Dieu de Québec InstitutionUniversité LavalQuébecQCCanada
| | - Richard R. Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation (FSAA)Université LavalQuébecQCCanada
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20
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Dietary Silicon and Its Impact on Plasma Silicon Levels in the Polish Population. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050980. [PMID: 31035649 PMCID: PMC6567281 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon in nutritional amounts provides benefits for bone health and cognitive function. The relationship between silicon intake from a common daily diet and silicon blood level has been scarcely elucidated, so far. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between plasma silicon levels and the total and bioavailable silicon intake—along with the contribution of silicon made by food groups—in a healthy adult Polish population. Si intake was evaluated in 185 healthy adults (94 females and 91 males, aged 20–70) using a 3-day dietary recall and a database on the silicon content in foods, which was based on both previously published data and our own research. Fasting plasma silicon levels were measured in 126 consenting subjects, using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The silicon intake in the Polish population differed significantly according to sex, amounting to 24.0 mg/day in women and 27.7 mg/day in men. The median plasma silicon level was 152.3 µg/L having no gender dependency but with a negative correlation with age. Significant correlations were found between plasma silicon level and total and bioavailable silicon intake, as well as water intake in the diet (r = 0.18, p = 0.044; r = 0.23, p = 0.011; r = 0.28, p = 0.002, respectively). Silicon intakes from non-alcoholic beverages, cereal foods, and carotene-rich vegetables were also positively associated with plasma silicon levels. These results may help establish dietary silicon recommendations and formulate practical advice on dietary choices to ensure an appropriate supply of silicon. The outcome of this study, however, needs to be confirmed by large-scale epidemiological investigations.
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21
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Götz W, Tobiasch E, Witzleben S, Schulze M. Effects of Silicon Compounds on Biomineralization, Osteogenesis, and Hard Tissue Formation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E117. [PMID: 30871062 PMCID: PMC6471146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired stem cell-based hard tissue engineering includes numerous aspects: The synthesis and fabrication of appropriate scaffold materials, their analytical characterization, and guided osteogenesis using the sustained release of osteoinducing and/or osteoconducting drugs for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, growth, and proliferation. Here, the effect of silicon- and silicate-containing materials on osteogenesis at the molecular level has been a particular focus within the last decade. This review summarizes recently published scientific results, including material developments and analysis, with a special focus on silicon hybrid bone composites. First, the sources, bioavailability, and functions of silicon on various tissues are discussed. The second focus is on the effects of calcium-silicate biomineralization and corresponding analytical methods in investigating osteogenesis and bone formation. Finally, recent developments in the manufacturing of Si-containing scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as recently filed patents that focus on the influence of silicon on hard tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Götz
- Department of Orthodontics, Oral Biology Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Rheinische Wilhelms University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Steffen Witzleben
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhine-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, D-53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
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Wang R, Wang M, Chen K, Wang S, Mur LAJ, Guo S. Exploring the Roles of Aquaporins in Plant⁻Microbe Interactions. Cells 2018; 7:E267. [PMID: 30545006 PMCID: PMC6316839 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channel proteins regulating the flux of water and other various small solutes across membranes. Significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of AQPs in plants' physiological processes, and now their activities in various plant⁻microbe interactions are receiving more attention. This review summarizes the various roles of different AQPs during interactions with microbes which have positive and negative consequences on the host plants. In positive plant⁻microbe interactions involving rhizobia, arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), AQPs play important roles in nitrogen fixation, nutrient transport, improving water status, and increasing abiotic stress tolerance. For negative interactions resulting in pathogenesis, AQPs help plants resist infections by preventing pathogen ingress by influencing stomata opening and influencing defensive signaling pathways, especially through regulating systemic acquired resistance. Interactions with bacterial or viral pathogens can be directly perturbed through direct interaction of AQPs with harpins or replicase. However, whilst these observations indicate the importance of AQPs, further work is needed to develop a fuller mechanistic understanding of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kehao Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Luis Alejandro Jose Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Ha SW, Viggeswarapu M, Habib MM, Beck GR. Bioactive effects of silica nanoparticles on bone cells are size, surface, and composition dependent. Acta Biomater 2018; 82:184-196. [PMID: 30326276 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Silica based nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have intrinsic biologic activity towards the skeleton and to function by promoting the differentiation of bone forming osteoblasts while inhibiting the differentiation of bone resorbing osteoclasts. The excitement surrounding nanomedicine in part revolves around the almost unlimited possibilities for varying the physicochemical properties including size, composition, and surface charge. To date few studies have attempted to manipulate these characteristics in concert to optimize a complex biologic outcome. Towards this end, spherical silica nanoparticles of various sizes (50-450 nm), of different surface properties (OH, CO2H, NR4+, mNH2), and of different composition (silica, gold, and polystyrene) were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity toward skeletal cells. Osteoblast activity was most influenced by composition and size variables, whereas osteoclasts were most affected by surface property variation. The study also establishes nanoparticle mediated suppression of Nfatc1, a key transcriptional regulator for osteoclast differentiation, identifying a novel mechanism of action. Collectively, the study highlights how during the design of bioactive nanoparticles, it is vital to consider not only the myriad of physical properties that can be manipulated, but also that the characteristics of the target cell plays an equally integral role in determining biological outcome. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silica nanomaterials represent a promising biomaterial for beneficial effects on bone mass and quality as well as regenerative tissue engineering and are currently being investigated for intrinsic bioactivity towards the primary cells responsible for skeletal homeostasis; osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The goal of the current study was to assess the physical properties of silica nanoparticles that impart intrinsic bioactivity by evaluating size, surface charge, and composition. Results reveal differential influences of the physical properties of nanoparticles towards osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This study provides new insights into the design of nanoparticles to specifically target different aspects of bone metabolism and highlights the opportunities provided by nanotechnology to modulate a range of cell specific biological responses for therapeutic benefit.
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Garneau AP, Marcoux A, Frenette‐Cotton R, Bélanger R, Isenring P. A new gold standard approach to characterize the transport of Si across cell membranes in animals. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6369-6376. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P. Garneau
- The Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine Laval University Québec Canada
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Kinesiology University of Montréal Montreal Canada
| | - Andrée‐Anne Marcoux
- The Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine Laval University Québec Canada
| | | | - Richard Bélanger
- Horticulture Research Group, Phytology Department Laval University, Pavillon Paul‐Comtois Québec Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- The Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine Laval University Québec Canada
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25
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Laloux T, Junqueira B, Maistriaux LC, Ahmed J, Jurkiewicz A, Chaumont F. Plant and Mammal Aquaporins: Same but Different. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E521. [PMID: 29419811 PMCID: PMC5855743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) constitute an ancient and diverse protein family present in all living organisms, indicating a common ancient ancestor. However, during evolution, these organisms appear and evolve differently, leading to different cell organizations and physiological processes. Amongst the eukaryotes, an important distinction between plants and animals is evident, the most conspicuous difference being that plants are sessile organisms facing ever-changing environmental conditions. In addition, plants are mostly autotrophic, being able to synthesize carbohydrates molecules from the carbon dioxide in the air during the process of photosynthesis, using sunlight as an energy source. It is therefore interesting to analyze how, in these different contexts specific to both kingdoms of life, AQP function and regulation evolved. This review aims at highlighting similarities and differences between plant and mammal AQPs. Emphasis is given to the comparison of isoform numbers, their substrate selectivity, the regulation of the subcellular localization, and the channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Laloux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Bruna Junqueira
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Laurie C Maistriaux
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Agnieszka Jurkiewicz
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
| | - François Chaumont
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-L7.07.14, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium.
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26
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Roche JV, Törnroth-Horsefield S. Aquaporin Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112255. [PMID: 29077056 PMCID: PMC5713225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are tetrameric membrane-bound channels that facilitate transport of water and other small solutes across cell membranes. In eukaryotes, they are frequently regulated by gating or trafficking, allowing for the cell to control membrane permeability in a specific manner. Protein–protein interactions play crucial roles in both regulatory processes and also mediate alternative functions such as cell adhesion. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge about aquaporin protein–protein interactions; dividing the interactions into three types: (1) interactions between aquaporin tetramers; (2) interactions between aquaporin monomers within a tetramer (hetero-tetramerization); and (3) transient interactions with regulatory proteins. We particularly focus on the structural aspects of the interactions, discussing the small differences within a conserved overall fold that allow for aquaporins to be differentially regulated in an organism-, tissue- and trigger-specific manner. A deep knowledge about these differences is needed to fully understand aquaporin function and regulation in many physiological processes, and may enable design of compounds targeting specific aquaporins for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Virginia Roche
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Susanna Törnroth-Horsefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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27
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Brzezinski MA, Krause JW, Baines SB, Collier JL, Ohnemus DC, Twining BS. Patterns and regulation of silicon accumulation in Synechococcus spp. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2017; 53:746-761. [PMID: 28457002 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Six clones of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus, representing four major clades, were all found to contain significant amounts of silicon in culture. Growth rate was unaffected by silicic acid, Si(OH)4 , concentration between 1 and 120 μM suggesting that Synechococcus lacks an obligate need for silicon (Si). Strains contained two major pools of Si: an aqueous soluble and an aqueous insoluble pool. Soluble pool sizes correspond to estimated intracellular dissolved Si concentrations of 2-24 mM, which would be thermodynamically unstable implying the binding of intracellular soluble Si to organic ligands. The Si content of all clones was inversely related to growth rate and increased with higher [Si(OH)4 ] in the growth medium. Accumulation rates showed a unique bilinear response to increasing [Si(OH)4 ] from 1 to 500 μM with the rate of Si acquisition increasing abruptly between 80 and 100 μM Si(OH)4 . Although these linear responses imply some form of diffusion-mediated transport, Si uptake rates at low Si (~1 μM Si) were inhibited by orthophosphate, suggesting a role of phosphate transporters in Si acquisition. Theoretical calculations imply that observed Si acquisition rates are too rapid to be supported by lipid-solubility diffusion of Si through the plasmalemma; however, facilitated diffusion involving membrane protein channels may suffice. The data are used to construct a working model of the mechanisms governing the Si content and rate of Si acquisition in Synechococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Brzezinski
- Marine Science Institute and the Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Krause
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen B Baines
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jackie L Collier
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Daniel C Ohnemus
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine, USA
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Levels of Silicon in Maternal, Cord, and Newborn Serum and Their Relation With Those of Zinc and Copper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2017; 64:605-609. [PMID: 28333827 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of silicon's importance to health has been gradually accumulating. Nevertheless, there are few studies comparing serum silicon levels in newborns with maternal levels. Likewise, little is known concerning the inter-relation between silicon and other trace elements. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated maternal and newborn levels of serum silicon and their relation to those of zinc and copper. METHODS We measured serum silicon, copper, and zinc in 66 pregnant women, in the umbilical cord of their infants, and in 44 newborns, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. All the samples were from fasted subjects. RESULTS Serum silicon level in term newborns (20.6 ± 13.2 μmol/L) was significantly higher than in umbilical cord (8.9 ± 3.5 μmol/L; P < 0.0001). Mean serum silicon level in maternal vein (7.7 ± 3.4 μmol/L) was lower than that in umbilical cord, although differences were not significant. We also found higher levels of zinc (P = 0.008) and lower levels of copper (P < 0.0001) in cord blood compared with maternal blood. Umbilical venous/maternal venous level ratios of zinc, copper, and silicon were 1.5 ± 0.5, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 1.3 ± 0.7, respectively. There was a positive correlation between silicon and zinc levels (r = 0.32), and a negative correlation between copper and zinc levels (r = -0.35). CONCLUSIONS It seems that there is a positive gradient of silicon from the mother to her fetus. Silicon levels were higher in newborn than in cord blood, and correlated significantly with that of zinc but not copper. Additional investigations are needed to further define the role of silicon and its interaction with other trace elements during the perinatal period.
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Ratcliffe S, Jugdaohsingh R, Vivancos J, Marron A, Deshmukh R, Ma JF, Mitani-Ueno N, Robertson J, Wills J, Boekschoten MV, Müller M, Mawhinney RC, Kinrade SD, Isenring P, Bélanger RR, Powell JJ. Identification of a mammalian silicon transporter. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C550-C561. [PMID: 28179233 PMCID: PMC5451523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has long been known to play a major physiological and structural role in certain organisms, including diatoms, sponges, and many higher plants, leading to the recent identification of multiple proteins responsible for Si transport in a range of algal and plant species. In mammals, despite several convincing studies suggesting that silicon is an important factor in bone development and connective tissue health, there is a critical lack of understanding about the biochemical pathways that enable Si homeostasis. Here we report the identification of a mammalian efflux Si transporter, namely Slc34a2 (also termed NaPiIIb), a known sodium-phosphate cotransporter, which was upregulated in rat kidney following chronic dietary Si deprivation. Normal rat renal epithelium demonstrated punctate expression of Slc34a2, and when the protein was heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, Si efflux activity (i.e., movement of Si out of cells) was induced and was quantitatively similar to that induced by the known plant Si transporter OsLsi2 in the same expression system. Interestingly, Si efflux appeared saturable over time, but it did not vary as a function of extracellular HPO42− or Na+ concentration, suggesting that Slc34a2 harbors a functionally independent transport site for Si operating in the reverse direction to the site for phosphate. Indeed, in rats with dietary Si depletion-induced upregulation of transporter expression, there was increased urinary phosphate excretion. This is the first evidence of an active Si transport protein in mammals and points towards an important role for Si in vertebrates and explains interactions between dietary phosphate and silicon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ratcliffe
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Vivancos
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alan Marron
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Namiki Mitani-Ueno
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Jack Robertson
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Wills
- Mechanistic Studies Division, Environmental Health Sciences & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen D Kinrade
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; and
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Group L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Institution, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Centre de Recherche en Horticulture, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Powell
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom; .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) are a class of the integral membrane proteins, which are permeable to water , some small neutral solutes and certain gases across biological membranes. AQPs are considered as critical transport mediators that are involved in many physiological functions and pathological processes such as transepithelial fluid transport , cell migration, brain edema , neuro excitation and carcinoma. This chapter will provide information about the transport characteristics of AQPs .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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31
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Dashnyam K, El-Fiqi A, Buitrago JO, Perez RA, Knowles JC, Kim HW. A mini review focused on the proangiogenic role of silicate ions released from silicon-containing biomaterials. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417707339. [PMID: 28560015 PMCID: PMC5435366 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417707339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is considered an important issue in the development of biomaterials for the successful regeneration of tissues including bone. While growth factors are commonly used with biomaterials to promote angiogenesis, some ions released from biomaterials can also contribute to angiogenic events. Many silica-based biomaterials have been widely used for the repair and regeneration of tissues, mainly hard tissues such as bone and tooth structure. They have shown excellent performance in bone formation by stimulating angiogenesis. The release of silicate and others (Co and Cu ions) has therefore been implicated to play critical roles in the angiogenesis process. In this short review, we highlight the in vitro and in vivo findings of angiogenesis (and the related bone formation) stimulated by the various types of silicon-containing biomaterials where silicate ions released might play essential roles. We discuss further the possible molecular mechanisms underlying in the ion-induced angiogenic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed El-Fiqi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer O Buitrago
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Roman A Perez
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- UIC Regenerative Medicine Research Institute, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Marron AO, Ratcliffe S, Wheeler GL, Goldstein RE, King N, Not F, de Vargas C, Richter DJ. The Evolution of Silicon Transport in Eukaryotes. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:3226-3248. [PMID: 27729397 PMCID: PMC5100055 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosilicification (the formation of biological structures from silica) occurs in diverse eukaryotic lineages, plays a major role in global biogeochemical cycles, and has significant biotechnological applications. Silicon (Si) uptake is crucial for biosilicification, yet the evolutionary history of the transporters involved remains poorly known. Recent evidence suggests that the SIT family of Si transporters, initially identified in diatoms, may be widely distributed, with an extended family of related transporters (SIT-Ls) present in some nonsilicified organisms. Here, we identify SITs and SIT-Ls in a range of eukaryotes, including major silicified lineages (radiolarians and chrysophytes) and also bacterial SIT-Ls. Our evidence suggests that the symmetrical 10-transmembrane-domain SIT structure has independently evolved multiple times via duplication and fusion of 5-transmembrane-domain SIT-Ls. We also identify a second gene family, similar to the active Si transporter Lsi2, that is broadly distributed amongst siliceous and nonsiliceous eukaryotes. Our analyses resolve a distinct group of Lsi2-like genes, including plant and diatom Si-responsive genes, and sequences unique to siliceous sponges and choanoflagellates. The SIT/SIT-L and Lsi2 transporter families likely contribute to biosilicification in diverse lineages, indicating an ancient role for Si transport in eukaryotes. We propose that these Si transporters may have arisen initially to prevent Si toxicity in the high Si Precambrian oceans, with subsequent biologically induced reductions in Si concentrations of Phanerozoic seas leading to widespread losses of SIT, SIT-L, and Lsi2-like genes in diverse lineages. Thus, the origin and diversification of two independent Si transporter families both drove and were driven by ancient ocean Si levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O Marron
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom .,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ratcliffe
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Glen L Wheeler
- Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Fabrice Not
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
| | - Daniel J Richter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA.,CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Paris 06, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, Roscoff, France
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Sergent T, Croizet K, Schneider YJ. In vitro investigation of intestinal transport mechanism of silicon, supplied as orthosilicic acid-vanillin complex. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27670150 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Silicon (Si) is one of the most abundant trace elements in the body. Although pharmacokinetics data described its absorption from the diet and its body excretion, the mechanisms involved in the uptake and transport of Si across the gut wall have not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS Caco-2 cells were used as a well-accepted in vitro model of the human intestinal epithelium to investigate the transport, across the intestinal barrier in both the absorption and excretion directions, of Si supplied as orthosilicic acid stabilized by vanillin complex (OSA-VC). The transport of this species was found proportional to the initial concentration and to the duration of incubation, with absorption and excretion mean rates similar to those of Lucifer yellow, a marker of paracellular diffusion, and increasing in the presence of EGTA, a chelator of divalents cations including calcium. A cellular accumulation of Si, polarized from the apical side of cells, was furthermore detected. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that Si, ingested as a food supplement containing OSA-VC, crosses the intestinal mucosa by passive diffusion via the paracellular pathway through the intercellular tight junctions and accumulates intracellularly, probably by an uptake mechanism of facilitated diffusion. This study can help to further understand the kinetic of absorption of Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Sergent
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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34
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Marron AO, Chappell H, Ratcliffe S, Goldstein RE. A model for the effects of germanium on silica biomineralization in choanoflagellates. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:rsif.2016.0485. [PMID: 27655668 PMCID: PMC5046948 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica biomineralization is a widespread phenomenon of major biotechnological interest. Modifying biosilica with substances like germanium (Ge) can confer useful new properties, although exposure to high levels of Ge disrupts normal biosilicification. No clear mechanism explains why this disruption occurs. Here, we study the effect of Ge on loricate choanoflagellates, a group of protists that construct a species-specific extracellular lorica from multiple siliceous costal strips. High Ge exposures were toxic, whereas lower Ge exposures produced cells with incomplete or absent loricae. These effects can be ameliorated by restoring the germanium : silicon ratio, as observed in other biosilicifying organisms. We developed simulations of how Ge interacts with polymerizing silica. In our models, Ge is readily incorporated at the ends of silica forming from silicic acid condensation, but this prevents further silica polymerization. Our 'Ge-capping' model is supported by observations from loricate choanoflagellates. Ge exposure terminates costal strip synthesis and lorica formation, resulting in disruption to cytokinesis and fatal build-up of silicic acid. Applying the Ge-capping model to other siliceous organisms explains the general toxicity of Ge and identifies potential protective responses in metalloid uptake and sensing. This can improve the design of new silica biomaterials, and further our understanding of silicon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan O Marron
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
| | - Helen Chappell
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Sarah Ratcliffe
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Raymond E Goldstein
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
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35
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Carpentier GA, Garneau AP, Marcoux AA, Noël M, Frenette-Cotton R, Isenring P. Identification of key residues involved in Si transport by the aquaglyceroporins. J Gen Physiol 2016; 148:239-51. [PMID: 27527099 PMCID: PMC5004335 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that the aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs) could act as potent transporters for orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4). Although interesting, this finding raised the question of whether water and H4SiO4, the transportable form of Si, permeate AQGPs by interacting with the same region of the pore, especially in view of the difference in molecular radius between the two substrates. Here, our goal was to identify residues that endow the AQGPs with the ability to facilitate Si diffusion by examining the transport characteristics of mutants in which residues were interchanged between a water-permeable but Si-impermeable channel (aquaporin 1 [AQP1]) and a Si-permeable but water-impermeable channel (AQP10). Our results indicate that the composition of the arginine filter (XX/R), known to include three residues that play an important role in water transport, may also be involved in Si selectivity. Interchanging the identities of the nonarginine residues within this filter causes Si transport to increase by approximately sevenfold in AQP1 and to decrease by approximately threefold in AQP10, whereas water transport and channel expression remain unaffected. Our results further indicate that two additional residues in the AQP arginine filter may be involved in substrate selectivity: replacing one of the residues has a profound effect on water permeability, and replacing the other has a profound effect on Si permeability. This study has thus led to the identification of residues that could play a key role in Si transport by the AQGPs and shown that substrate selectivity is likely ensured by more than one checkpoint within or near the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Carpentier
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Alexandre P Garneau
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Andrée-Anne Marcoux
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Micheline Noël
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Rachelle Frenette-Cotton
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec Hospital, Québec, Québec G1R 2J6, Canada
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Vivancos J, Deshmukh R, Grégoire C, Rémus-Borel W, Belzile F, Bélanger RR. Identification and characterization of silicon efflux transporters in horsetail (Equisetum arvense). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 200:82-9. [PMID: 27344403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a beneficial element to plants, and its absorption via transporters leads to protective effects against biotic and abiotic stresses. In higher plants, two groups of root transporters for Si have been identified: influx transporters (Lsi1) and efflux transporters (Lsi2). Lsi1 transporters belong to the NIPIII aquaporins, and functional Lsi1s have been found in many plants species. Much less is known about Lsi2s that have been characterized in only a few species. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), known among the highest Si accumulators in the plant kingdom, is a valuable model to study Si absorption and deposition. In this study, we first analyzed discrete Si deposition patterns in horsetail shoots, where ubiquitous silicification differs markedly from that of higher plants. Then, using the sequenced horsetail root transcriptome, two putative Si efflux transporter genes, EaLsi2-1 and EaLsi2-2, were identified. These genes share low sequence similarity with their homologues in higher plants. Further characterisation of EaLsi2-1 in transient expression assay using Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells confirmed transmembrane localization. In order to determine their functionality, the EaLsi2-1 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, confirming that the translated protein was efficient for Si efflux. Both genes were equally expressed in roots and shoots, but interestingly, showed a much higher expression in the shoots than in the roots in contrast to Lsi2s found in other plants, a result consistent with the specific anatomy of horsetail and its rank as one of the highest Si accumulators among plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vivancos
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Grégoire
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada
| | - Wilfried Rémus-Borel
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada
| | - François Belzile
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada
| | - Richard R Bélanger
- Département de Phytologie-Faculté des Sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Centre de recherche en horticulture, Université Laval, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Québec, G1V 0A6 QC, Canada.
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Pozzolini M, Ferrando S, Gallus L, Gambardella C, Ghignone S, Giovine M. Aquaporin in Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847 and Its Possible Role in the Interaction Between Cells and Engulfed Siliceous Particles. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 230:220-232. [PMID: 27365417 DOI: 10.1086/bblv230n3p220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The sponge Chondrosia reniformis selectively engulfs siliceous particles that, when in crystalline form, become quickly dissolved in its ectosome. The molecular mechanism, identity, and physiological significance of the cells involved in this process are not completely understood. In the present study, we applied light and electronic microscopic techniques to show how the quartz particles in C. reniformis are enveloped through collagen fibers and host cells near the surface of these organisms. As various aquaporins from bacteria, animals, and plants bidirectionally conduct metalloids-including silicon ions--through the cell membrane, the presence and potential involvement of aquaporins in quartz dissolution in C. reniformis have been investigated. An aquaporin-like transcript (CrAQP) was isolated according to the transcriptome sequencing results in C. reniformis The full-length CrAQP cDNA is 907 nucleotides long, with a 795-base pair (bp), open reading frame encoding a protein of 265 amino acids, a 29-bp, 5'-non-coding region, and a 83-bp, 3'-untranslated region. The Bayesian phylogenetic inference suggests that CrAqp is closely related to the Aqp8L grade, which is also implicated in H2O2 transport. Quantification of CrAQP mRNA through qPCR indicated that the transcript level was higher in the ectosome than in the choanosome. Immunofluorescence of a mammalian AQP8 in C. reniformis showed positivity in some cells near the quartz particles, a finding that may support the initial hypothesis of the potential involvement of CrAQP in quartz erosion. However, the features of the primary structure of this protein offer a new viewpoint about the functional role of these molecules in this process: that CrAQP may be involved in the permeation of H2O2 released during silica erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallus
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Gambardella
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genoa, Italy; and
| | - Stefano Ghignone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP, Turin Unit) - CNR, V. le P. A. Mattioli 25, I-10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Science (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy
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