1
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Vestweber PK, Wächter J, Planz V, Jung N, Windbergs M. The interplay of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in dual-species biofilms impacts development, antibiotic resistance and virulence of biofilms in in vitro wound infection models. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304491. [PMID: 38805522 PMCID: PMC11132468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high tolerance to antibiotics and pronounced virulence, bacterial biofilms are considered a key factor and major clinical challenge in persistent wound infections. They are typically composed of multiple species, whose interactions determine the biofilm's structural development, functional properties and thus the progression of wound infections. However, most attempts to study bacterial biofilms in vitro solely rely on mono-species populations, since cultivating multi-species biofilms, especially for prolonged periods of time, poses significant challenges. To address this, the present study examined the influence of bacterial composition on structural biofilm development, morphology and spatial organization, as well as antibiotic tolerance and virulence on human skin cells in the context of persistent wound infections. By creating a wound-mimetic microenvironment, the successful cultivation of dual-species biofilms of two of the most prevalent wound pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, was realized over a period of 72 h. Combining quantitative analysis with electron microscopy and label-free imaging enabled a comprehensive evaluation of the dynamics of biofilm formation and matrix secretion, revealing a twofold increased maturation of dual-species biofilms. Antibiotic tolerance was comparable for both mono-species cultures, however, dual-species communities showed a 50% increase in tolerance, mediated by a significantly reduced penetration of the applied antibiotic into the biofilm matrix. Further synergistic effects were observed, where dual-species biofilms exacerbated wound healing beyond the effects observed from either Pseudomonas or Staphylococcus. Consequently, predicting biofilm development, antimicrobial tolerance and virulence for multi-species biofilms based solely on the results from mono-species biofilms is unreliable. This study underscores the substantial impact of a multi-species composition on biofilm functional properties and emphasizes the need to tailor future studies reflecting the bacterial composition of the respective in vivo situation, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of microbial communities in the context of basic microbiology and the development of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Katharina Vestweber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jana Wächter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Viktoria Planz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maike Windbergs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Solar Venero EC, Galeano MB, Luqman A, Ricardi MM, Serral F, Fernandez Do Porto D, Robaldi SA, Ashari BAZ, Munif TH, Egoburo DE, Nemirovsky S, Escalante J, Nishimura B, Ramirez MS, Götz F, Tribelli PM. Fever-like temperature impacts on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction, physiology, and virulence both in vitro and in vivo. BMC Biol 2024; 22:27. [PMID: 38317219 PMCID: PMC10845740 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39 °C) on S. aureus USA300 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 microaerobic mono- and co-cultures compared with 37 °C, by using RNAseq and physiological assays including in vivo experiments. RESULTS In general terms both temperature and co-culturing had a strong impact on both PA and SA with the exception of the temperature response of monocultured PA. We studied metabolic and virulence changes in both species. Altered metabolic features at 39 °C included arginine biosynthesis and the periplasmic glucose oxidation in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa monocultures respectively. When PA co-cultures were exposed at 39 °C, they upregulated ethanol oxidation-related genes along with an increment in organic acid accumulation. Regarding virulence factors, monocultured SA showed an increase in the mRNA expression of the agr operon and hld, pmsα, and pmsβ genes at 39 °C. Supported by mRNA data, we performed physiological experiments and detected and increment in hemolysis, staphyloxantin production, and a decrease in biofilm formation at 39 °C. On the side of PA monocultures, we observed an increase in extracellular lipase and protease and biofilm formation at 39 °C along with a decrease in the motility in correlation with changes observed at mRNA abundance. Additionally, we assessed host-pathogen interaction both in vitro and in vivo. S. aureus monocultured at 39οC showed a decrease in cellular invasion and an increase in IL-8-but not in IL-6-production by A549 cell line. PA also decreased its cellular invasion when monocultured at 39 °C and did not induce any change in IL-8 or IL-6 production. PA strongly increased cellular invasion when co-cultured at 37 and 39 °C. Finally, we observed increased lethality in mice intranasally inoculated with S. aureus monocultures pre-incubated at 39 °C and even higher levels when inoculated with co-cultures. The bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa was higher in liver when the mice were infected with co-cultures previously incubated at 39 °C comparing with 37 °C. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a relevant change in the virulence of bacterial opportunistic pathogens exposed to fever-like temperatures in presence of competitors, opening new questions related to bacteria-bacteria and host-pathogen interactions and coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Solar Venero
- Instituto De Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Present addressDepartment of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Madrid, Spain
| | - M B Galeano
- Instituto De Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Luqman
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - M M Ricardi
- IFIBYNE (UBA-CONICET), FBMC, FCEyN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Serral
- Instituto del Calculo-UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - S A Robaldi
- Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEyN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B A Z Ashari
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - T H Munif
- Department of Biology, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - D E Egoburo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEyN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Nemirovsky
- Instituto De Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Escalante
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - B Nishimura
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - M S Ramirez
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - F Götz
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P M Tribelli
- Instituto De Química Biológica de La Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Química Biológica, FCEyN-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Solar Venero EC, Galeano MB, Luqman A, Ricardi MM, Serral F, Fernandez Do Porto D, Robaldi SA, Ashari B, Munif TH, Egoburo DE, Nemirovsky S, Escalante J, Nishimura B, Ramirez MS, Götz F, Tribelli PM. Fever-like temperature impacts on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction, physiology, and virulence both in vitro and in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.21.529514. [PMID: 36993402 PMCID: PMC10055263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.529514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause a wide variety of bacterial infections and coinfections, showing a complex interaction that involves the production of different metabolites and metabolic changes. Temperature is a key factor for bacterial survival and virulence and within the host, bacteria could be exposed to an increment in temperature during fever development. We analyzed the previously unexplored effect of fever-like temperatures (39°C) on S. aureus USA300 and P. aeruginosa PAO1 microaerobic mono- and co-cultures compared with 37°C, by using RNAseq and physiological assays including in-vivo experiments. Results In general terms both temperature and co-culturing had a strong impact on both PA and SA with the exception of the temperature response of monocultured PA. We studied metabolic and virulence changes on both species. Altered metabolic features at 39°C included arginine biosynthesis and the periplasmic glucose oxidation in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa monocultures respectively. When PA co-cultures were exposed at 39°C they upregulated ethanol oxidation related genes along with an increment in organic acid accumulation. Regarding virulence factors, monocultured SA showed an increase in the mRNA expression of the agr operon and hld, pmsα and pmsβ genes at 39°C. Supported by mRNA data, we performed physiological experiments and detected and increment in hemolysis, staphylxantin production and a decrease in biofilm formation at 39°C. On the side of PA monocultures, we observed increase in extracellular lipase and protease and biofilm formation at 39°C along with a decrease in motility in correlation with changes observed at mRNA abundance. Additionally, we assessed host-pathogen interaction both in-vitro and in-vivo . S. aureus monocultured at 39°C showed a decrease in cellular invasion and an increase in IL-8 -but not in IL-6- production by A549 cell line. PA also decreased its cellular invasion when monocultured at 39°C and did not induce any change in IL-8 or IL-6 production. PA strongly increased cellular invasion when co-cultured at 37°C and 39°C. Finally, we observed increased lethality in mice intranasally inoculated with S. aureus monocultures pre-incubated at 39°C and even higher levels when inoculated with co-cultures. The bacterial burden for P. aeruginosa was higher in liver when the mice were infected with co-cultures previously incubated at 39°C comparing with 37°C. Conclusion Our results highlight a relevant change in the virulence of bacterial opportunistic pathogens exposed to fever-like temperatures in presence of competitors, opening new questions related to bacteria-bacteria and host-pathogen interactions and coevolution.
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4
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Souche A, Vandenesch F, Doléans-Jordheim A, Moreau K. How Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hijack the Host Immune Response in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076609. [PMID: 37047579 PMCID: PMC10094765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a serious genetic disease that leads to premature death, mainly due to impaired lung function. CF lungs are characterized by ongoing inflammation, impaired immune response, and chronic bacterial colonization. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) are the two most predominant bacterial agents of these chronic infections. Both can colonize the lungs for years by developing host adaptation strategies. In this review, we examined the mechanisms by which SA and PA adapt to the host immune response. They are able to bypass the physical integrity of airway epithelia, evade recognition, and then modulate host immune cell proliferation. They also modulate the immune response by regulating cytokine production and by counteracting the activity of neutrophils and other immune cells. Inhibition of the immune response benefits not only the species that implements them but also other species present, and we therefore discuss how these mechanisms can promote the establishment of coinfections in CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Souche
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Anne Doléans-Jordheim
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Karen Moreau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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5
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Zhang Y, Gallant É, Park JD, Seyedsayamdost MR. The Small-Molecule Language of Dynamic Microbial Interactions. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:641-660. [PMID: 35679616 PMCID: PMC10171915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-042722-091052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although microbes are routinely grown in monocultures in the laboratory, they are almost never encountered as single species in the wild. Our ability to detect and identify new microorganisms has advanced significantly in recent years, but our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate microbial interactions has lagged behind. What makes this task more challenging is that microbial alliances can be dynamic, consisting of multiple phases. The transitions between phases, and the interactions in general, are often mediated by a chemical language consisting of small molecules, also referred to as secondary metabolites or natural products. In this microbial lexicon, the molecules are like words and through their effects on recipient cells they convey meaning. The current review highlights three dynamic microbial interactions in which some of the words and their meanings have been characterized, especially those that mediate transitions in selected multiphasic associations. These systems provide insights into the principles that govern microbial symbioses and a playbook for interrogating similar associations in diverse ecological niches. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Étienne Gallant
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Jong-Duk Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; , .,Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; ,
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6
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Mixed Populations and Co-Infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:397-424. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Fleurot I, López-Gálvez R, Barbry P, Guillon A, Si-Tahar M, Bähr A, Klymiuk N, Sirard JC, Caballero I. TLR5 signalling is hyper-responsive in porcine cystic fibrosis airways epithelium. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:e117-e121. [PMID: 34420900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive lung inflammation and airway epithelium damage are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. It is unclear whether lung inflammation is related to an intrinsic defect in the immune response or to chronic infection. We aimed to determine whether TLR5-mediated response is defective in the CF airway epithelium. We used a newborn CF pig model to study intrinsic alterations in CF airway epithelium innate immune response. Airway epithelial cells (AECs) were stimulated with flagellin or lipopolysaccharide to determine responses specific for TLR5 and TLR4, respectively. We observed a significant increase in cytokine secretion when CF AECs were stimulated with flagellin compared to wild type (WT) AECs. These results were recapitulated when AECs were treated with an inhibitor of CFTR channel activity. We show that TLR5-signalling is altered in CF lung epithelium at birth. Modulation of TLR5 signalling could contribute to better control the excessive inflammatory response observed in CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Fleurot
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Raquel López-Gálvez
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, F06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; INSERM U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France; INSERM U1100, Centre d'étude des pathologies respiratoires (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Andrea Bähr
- CIMM-Gene Center and Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- CIMM-Gene Center and Center for Innovative Medical Models, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ignacio Caballero
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Centre de Recherche Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
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8
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Liu H, Sarkar S, Azzopardi K, Day S, Yeow S, Ranganathan S, Sutton P. A bacterial stimulation assay for bronchoalveolar lavage immune cells from young children with cystic fibrosis. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13040. [PMID: 33759233 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is primarily a progressive lung disease, characterized by chronic pulmonary infections with opportunistic pathogens. Such infections typically commence early in life, producing an inflammatory response marked by IL-8 chemokine production and neutrophilic infiltration, major contributory factors in CF progression. Studying this inflammation, especially early in life, is critical for developing new strategies for preventing or slowing disruption to the structural integrity of the CF airways. However, evaluating the immune responses of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from children with CF faces technical challenges, including contamination carried from the lung due to pre-existing infections and low cell number availability. Here, we describe a technique for preparing BAL cells from young children with CF and using those cells in a bacterial stimulation assay. Initial antibiotic treatment proved essential for preventing resident bacteria from overgrowing BAL cell cultures, or non-specifically activating the cells. ACTB, identified as an optimal reference gene, was validated for accurate analysis of gene expression in these cells. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were used as bacterial stimulants to evaluate the immune response of BAL cells from young children with CF. Addition of gentamicin prevented bacterial overgrowth, although if added after 3 hours of culture an extremely variable response resulted, with the bacteria causing a suppressive effect in some cultures. Addition of gentamicin after 1 hour of culture completely prevented this suppressive effect. This technique was then able to reproducibly measure the IL-8 response to stimulation with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, including co-stimulation with both bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipei Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sohinee Sarkar
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Kristy Azzopardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Sophie Day
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Serene Yeow
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Philip Sutton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
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9
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Camus L, Briaud P, Vandenesch F, Moreau K. How Bacterial Adaptation to Cystic Fibrosis Environment Shapes Interactions Between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617784. [PMID: 33746915 PMCID: PMC7966511 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are the two most prevalent bacteria species in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Co-infection by the two species is a frequent situation that promotes their interaction. The ability of P. aeruginosa to outperform S. aureus has been widely described, and this competitive interaction was, for a long time, the only one considered. More recently, several studies have described that the two species are able to coexist. This change in relationship is linked to the evolution of bacterial strains in the lungs. This review attempts to decipher how bacterial adaptation to the CF environment can induce a change in the type of interaction and promote coexisting interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The impact of coexistence on the establishment and maintenance of a chronic infection will also be presented, by considering the latest research on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Camus
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon/Inserm U1111/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS UMR 5308/ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Briaud
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon/Inserm U1111/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS UMR 5308/ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon/Inserm U1111/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS UMR 5308/ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Moreau
- CIRI-Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon/Inserm U1111/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/CNRS UMR 5308/ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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10
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Doroudian M, O'Neill A, O'Reilly C, Tynan A, Mawhinney L, McElroy A, Webster SS, MacLoughlin R, Volkov Y, E Armstrong M, A O'Toole G, Prina-Mello A, C Donnelly S. Aerosolized drug-loaded nanoparticles targeting migration inhibitory factors inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced inflammation and biofilm formation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2933-2953. [PMID: 33241979 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which has been shown to promote disease severity in cystic fibrosis. Methods: In this study, aerosolized drug-loaded nanoparticles containing SCD-19, an inhibitor of MIF's tautomerase enzymatic activity, were developed and characterized. Results: The aerosolized nanoparticles had an optimal droplet size distribution for deep lung deposition, with a high degree of biocompatibility and significant cellular uptake. Conclusion: For the first time, we have developed an aerosolized nano-formulation against MIF's enzymatic activity that achieved a significant reduction in the inflammatory response of macrophages, and inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation on airway epithelial cells. This represents a potential novel adjunctive therapy for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew O'Neill
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O'Reilly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aisling Tynan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Leona Mawhinney
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aoife McElroy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Shanice S Webster
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, Dangan, Galway, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yuri Volkov
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Nanomedicine Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histology, Cytology & Embryology, First Moscow State Sechenov Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Michelle E Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, NH 03755, USA
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,Nanomedicine Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.,CRANN Institute & AMBER Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Palma Medina LM, Becker AK, Michalik S, Surmann K, Hildebrandt P, Gesell Salazar M, Mekonnen SA, Kaderali L, Völker U, van Dijl JM. Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus and Host Cells upon Infection of Bronchial Epithelium during Different Stages of Regeneration. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2279-2290. [PMID: 32579327 PMCID: PMC7432605 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
primary barrier that protects our lungs against infection by
pathogens is a tightly sealed layer of epithelial cells. When the
integrity of this barrier is disrupted as a consequence of chronic
pulmonary diseases or viral insults, bacterial pathogens will gain
access to underlying tissues. A major pathogen that can take advantage
of such conditions is Staphylococcus aureus, thereby
causing severe pneumonia. In this study, we investigated how S. aureus responds to different conditions of the human
epithelium, especially nonpolarization and fibrogenesis during regeneration
using an in vitro infection model. The infective
process was monitored by quantification of the epithelial cell and
bacterial populations, fluorescence microscopy, and mass spectrometry.
The results uncover differences in bacterial internalization and population
dynamics that correlate with the outcome of infection. Protein profiling
reveals that, irrespective of the polarization state of the epithelial
cells, the invading bacteria mount similar responses to adapt to the
intracellular milieu. Remarkably, a bacterial adaptation that was
associated with the regeneration state of the epithelial cells concerned
the early upregulation of proteins controlled by the redox-responsive
regulator Rex when bacteria were confronted with a polarized cell
layer. This is indicative of the modulation of the bacterial cytoplasmic
redox state to maintain homeostasis early during infection even before
internalization. Our present observations provide a deeper insight
into how S. aureus can take advantage of a breached
epithelial barrier and show that infected epithelial cells have limited
ability to respond adequately to staphylococcal insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Palma Medina
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Kristin Becker
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristin Surmann
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petra Hildebrandt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Solomon A. Mekonnen
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Kaderali
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Inflammation in CF: Key Characteristics and Therapeutic Discovery. Respir Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42382-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Ji Y, Bolhuis A, Watson ML. Staphylococcus aureus products subvert the Burkholderia cenocepacia-induced inflammatory response in airway epithelial cells. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1813-1822. [PMID: 31674896 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Chronic pulmonary infection is associated with colonization with multiple micro-organisms but host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions are poorly understood.Aim. This study aims to investigate the differences in host responses to mono- and co-infection with S. aureus and B. cenocepacia in human airway epithelial cells.Methodology. We assessed the effect of co-infection with B. cenocepacia and S. aureus on host signalling and inflammatory responses in the human airway epithelial cell line 16HBE, using ELISA and western blot analysis.Results. The results show that B. cenocepacia activates MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways, subsequently eliciting robust interleukin (IL)-8 production. However, when airway epithelial cells were co-treated with live B. cenocepacia bacteria and S. aureus supernatants (conditioned medium), the pro-inflammatory response was attenuated. This anti-inflammatory effect was widely exhibited in the S. aureus isolates tested and was mediated via reduced MAPK and NF-κB signalling, but not via IL-1 receptor or tumour necrosis factor receptor modulation. The staphylococcal effectors were characterized as small, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous and not cell wall-related factors.Conclusion. This study demonstrates for the first time the host response in a S. aureus/B. cenocepacia co-infection model and provides insight into a staphylococcal immune evasion mechanism, as well as a therapeutic intervention for excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Albert Bolhuis
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Malcolm L Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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14
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"It Takes a Village": Mechanisms Underlying Antimicrobial Recalcitrance of Polymicrobial Biofilms. J Bacteriol 2019; 202:JB.00530-19. [PMID: 31548277 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00530-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infections are frequently caused by polymicrobial biofilms. Importantly, these infections are often difficult to treat effectively in part due to the recalcitrance of biofilms to antimicrobial therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that polymicrobial interactions can lead to dramatic and unexpected changes in the ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms and often result in decreased antimicrobial efficacy in vitro In this review, we discuss the influence of polymicrobial interactions on the antibiotic susceptibility of biofilms, and we highlight the studies that first documented the shifted antimicrobial susceptibilities of mixed-species cultures. Recent studies have identified several mechanisms underlying the recalcitrance of polymicrobial biofilm communities, including interspecies exchange of antibiotic resistance genes, β-lactamase-mediated inactivation of antibiotics, changes in gene expression induced by metabolites and quorum sensing signals, inhibition of the electron transport chain, and changes in properties of the cell membrane. In addition to elucidating multiple mechanisms that contribute to the altered drug susceptibility of polymicrobial biofilms, these studies have uncovered novel ways in which polymicrobial interactions can impact microbial physiology. The diversity of findings discussed highlights the importance of continuing to investigate the efficacy of antibiotics against biofilm communities composed of different combinations of microbial species. Together, the data presented here illustrate the importance of studying microbes as part of mixed-species communities rather than in isolation. In light of our greater understanding of how interspecies interactions alter the efficacy of antimicrobial agents, we propose that the methods for measuring the drug susceptibility of polymicrobial infections should be revisited.
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15
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Interplay between host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 19 Suppl 1:S47-S53. [PMID: 31685398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis is host to polymicrobial infections that persist for decades and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Improving our understanding of CF respiratory infections requires coordinated efforts from researchers in the fields of microbial physiology, genomics, and ecology, as well as epithelial biology and immunology. Here, we have highlighted examples from recent CF microbial pathogenesis literature of how the host nutritional environment, immune response, and microbe-microbe interactions can feedback onto each other, leading to diverse effects on lung disease pathogenesis in CF.
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16
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Torrens G, Barceló IM, Pérez-Gallego M, Escobar-Salom M, Tur-Gracia S, Munar-Bestard M, González-Nicolau MDM, Cabrera-Venegas YJ, Rigo-Rumbos EN, Cabot G, López-Causapé C, Rojo-Molinero E, Oliver A, Juan C. Profiling the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from acute and chronic infections to cell-wall-targeting immune proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3575. [PMID: 30837659 PMCID: PMC6401076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario of high antibiotic resistance, the search for therapeutic options against Pseudomonas aeruginosa must be approached from different perspectives: cell-wall biology as source of bacterial weak points and our immune system as source of weapons. Our recent study suggests that once the permeability barrier has been overcome, the activity of our cell-wall-targeting immune proteins is notably enhanced, more in mutants with impaired peptidoglycan recycling. The present work aims at analyzing the activity of these proteins [lysozyme and Peptidoglycan-Recognition-Proteins (PGLYRPs)], alone or with a permeabilizer (subinhibitory colistin) in clinical strains, along with other features related to the cell-wall. We compared the most relevant and complementary scenarios: acute (bacteremia) and chronic infections [early/late isolates from lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients]. Although a low activity of lysozyme/PGLYRPs per se (except punctual highly susceptible strains) was found, the colistin addition significantly increased their activity regardless of the strains’ colistin resistance levels. Our results show increased susceptibility in late CF isolates, suggesting that CF adaptation renders P. aeruginosa more vulnerable to proteins targeting the cell-wall. Thus, our work suggests that attacking some P. aeruginosa cell-wall biology-related elements to increase the activity of our innate weapons could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Torrens
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Isabel M Barceló
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Marcelo Pérez-Gallego
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Maria Escobar-Salom
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Sara Tur-Gracia
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Marta Munar-Bestard
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - María Del Mar González-Nicolau
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Yoandy José Cabrera-Venegas
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Estefany Nayarith Rigo-Rumbos
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabot
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Servicio de Microbiología and Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitari Son Espases-Institut de Investigació Sanitària de Balears (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.
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17
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Limoli DH, Hoffman LR. Help, hinder, hide and harm: what can we learn from the interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus during respiratory infections? Thorax 2019; 74:684-692. [PMID: 30777898 PMCID: PMC6585302 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies of human respiratory secretions using culture-independent techniques have found a surprisingly diverse array of microbes. Interactions among these community members can profoundly impact microbial survival, persistence and antibiotic susceptibility and, consequently, disease progression. Studies of polymicrobial interactions in the human microbiota have shown that the taxonomic and structural compositions, and resulting behaviours, of microbial communities differ substantially from those of the individual constituent species and in ways of clinical importance. These studies primarily involved oral and gastrointestinal microbiomes. While the field of polymicrobial respiratory disease is relatively young, early findings suggest that respiratory tract microbiota members also compete and cooperate in ways that may influence disease outcomes. Ongoing efforts therefore focus on how these findings can inform more 'enlightened', rational approaches to combat respiratory infections. Among the most common respiratory diseases involving polymicrobial infections are cystic fibrosis (CF), non-CF bronchiectasis, COPD and ventilator-associated pneumonia. While respiratory microbiota can be diverse, two of the most common and best-studied members are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which exhibit a range of competitive and cooperative interactions. Here, we review the state of research on pulmonary coinfection with these pathogens, including their prevalence, combined and independent associations with patient outcomes, and mechanisms of those interactions that could influence lung health. Because P. aeruginosa-S. aureus coinfection is common and well studied in CF, this disease serves as the paradigm for our discussions on these two organisms and inform our recommendations for future studies of polymicrobial interactions in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Hope Limoli
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lucas R Hoffman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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18
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Woods PW, Haynes ZM, Mina EG, Marques CNH. Maintenance of S. aureus in Co-culture With P. aeruginosa While Growing as Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3291. [PMID: 30687276 PMCID: PMC6333908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are found in various environmental niches and are mostly comprised by two or more bacterial species. One such example, are the mixed species bacterial biofilms found in chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, which include the Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial species. S. aureus is one of the CF lung initial colonizers and is assumed to be abrogated when P. aeruginosa becomes established, eliminating its involvement as the infection evolves. Common models used in research do not mimic the actual progression of the mixed species biofilms thus, in this work we developed an in vitro model, where S. aureus biofilms establish prior to the introduction of P. aeruginosa, simulating a state that is phenotypically more similar to the one found in CF lungs. Overall our results demonstrate that S. aureus is not outcompeted, and that timing of inoculation and bacterial concentration affect the final bacterial ratio and quorum sensing related gene expression during the dual species biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Woods
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Zane M Haynes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Elin G Mina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Cláudia N H Marques
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States.,Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
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19
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Dauros Singorenko P, Rosario R, Windsor JA, Phillips AR, Blenkiron C. The transcriptional responses of cultured wound cells to the excretions and secretions of medicinal Lucilia sericata larvae. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 25:51-61. [PMID: 27868332 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Maggots, through their excretions and secretions (ES), promote wound healing by removing necrotic tissue, counter bacterial infection, and activate wound associated cells. We investigated the effects of a physiological dose of maggot ES on four wound-associated cell types in vitro with Affymetrix gene expression arrays; keratinocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes. Keratinocytes showed the fewest (n = 5; p < 0.05, fold-change ±2) and smallest fold-changes (up to 2.32×) in gene expression and conversely THP1 monocytes had the most (n = 233) and greatest magnitude (up to 44.3×). There were no genes that were altered in all four cell-lines. Gene pathway analysis identified an enrichment of immune response pathways in three of the treated cell-lines. Analyses by quantitative RT-PCR found many genes dynamically expressed in ES dose dependent manner during the three day treatments. Phenotype analyses, however, found no effects of ES on cell viability, proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. ES was 100× less potent at triggering IL-8 secretion than fibroblasts treated with purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; in equivalent amounts to that found in ES; ∼40 EU/ml). Furthermore, co-treatment with LPS and ES decreased the LPS-alone triggered IL-8 secretion by 13%. Although ES had no direct effect on wound cell phenotypes it did partially reduce the immune response to bacterial LPS exposure. These observations were consistent with the profile of transcriptional responses that were dominated by modulation of immune response genes. Maggot therapy may therefore improve wound healing through the secondary effects of these gene changes in the wound cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dauros Singorenko
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
| | - Roseanne Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences
| | - John A Windsor
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland
| | - Anthony R Phillips
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Biodiscovery, University of Auckland.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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20
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Silva-García O, Rico-Mata R, Maldonado-Pichardo MC, Bravo-Patiño A, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Aguirre-González J, Baizabal-Aguirre VM. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3α Is the Main Isoform That Regulates the Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and cAMP Response Element Binding in Bovine Endothelial Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29434603 PMCID: PMC5796901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutive enzyme implicated in the regulation of cytokine expression and the inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Mammals have two GSK3 isoforms named GSK3α and GSK3β that plays different but often overlapping functions. Although the role of GSK3β in cytokine regulation during the inflammatory response caused by bacteria is well described, GSK3α has not been found to participate in this process. Therefore, we tested if GSK3α may act as a regulatory isoform in the cytokine expression by bovine endothelial cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus because this bacterium is one of the major pathogens that cause tissue damage associated with inflammatory dysfunction. Interestingly, although both isoforms were phosphorylated–inactivated, we consistently observed a higher phosphorylation of GSK3α at Ser21 than that of GSK3β at Ser9 after bacterial challenge. During a temporal course of infection, we characterized a molecular switch from pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-8), promoted by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), at an early stage (2 h) to an anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10), promoted by cAMP response element binding (CREB), at a later stage (6 h). We observed an indirect effect of GSK3α activity on NF-κB activation that resulted in a low phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, a decreased interaction between CREB and the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP), and a lower expression level of IL-10. Gene silencing of GSK3α and GSK3β with siRNA indicated that GSK3α knockout promoted the interaction between CREB and CBP that, in turn, increased the expression of IL-10, reduced the interaction of NF-κB with CBP, and reduced the expression of IL-8. These results indicate that GSK3α functions as the primary isoform that regulates the expression of IL-10 in endothelial cells infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Silva-García
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Rosa Rico-Mata
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - María Cristina Maldonado-Pichardo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Juan J Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor M Baizabal-Aguirre
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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21
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Bergeron AC, Seman BG, Hammond JH, Archambault LS, Hogan DA, Wheeler RT. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Interact To Enhance Virulence of Mucosal Infection in Transparent Zebrafish. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00475-17. [PMID: 28847848 PMCID: PMC5649025 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00475-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymicrobial infections often include both fungi and bacteria and can complicate patient treatment and resolution of infection. Cross-kingdom interactions among bacteria, fungi, and/or the immune system during infection can enhance or block virulence mechanisms and influence disease progression. The fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa are coisolated in the context of polymicrobial infection at a variety of sites throughout the body, including mucosal tissues such as the lung. In vitro, C. albicans and P. aeruginosa have a bidirectional and largely antagonistic relationship. Their interactions in vivo remain poorly understood, specifically regarding host responses in mediating infection. In this study, we examine trikingdom interactions using a transparent juvenile zebrafish to model mucosal lung infection and show that C. albicans and P. aeruginosa are synergistically virulent. We find that high C. albicans burden, fungal epithelial invasion, swimbladder edema, and epithelial extrusion events serve as predictive factors for mortality in our infection model. Longitudinal analyses of fungal, bacterial, and immune dynamics during coinfection suggest that enhanced morbidity is associated with exacerbated C. albicans pathogenesis and elevated inflammation. The P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing-deficient ΔlasR mutant also enhances C. albicans pathogenicity in coinfection and induces extrusion of the swimbladder. Together, these observations suggest that C. albicans-P. aeruginosa cross talk in vivo can benefit both organisms to the detriment of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Bergeron
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Brittany G Seman
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - John H Hammond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Linda S Archambault
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Robert T Wheeler
- Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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22
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Mertens TCJ, Karmouty-Quintana H, Taube C, Hiemstra PS. Use of airway epithelial cell culture to unravel the pathogenesis and study treatment in obstructive airway diseases. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:101-113. [PMID: 28502841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial dysfunction. The airway epithelium is localized to deal with inhaled substances, and functions as a barrier preventing penetration of such substances into the body. In addition, the epithelium is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses following inhalation of particles, allergens and pathogens. Through triggering and inducing immune responses, airway epithelial cells contribute to the pathogenesis of both asthma and COPD. Various in vitro research models have been described to study airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma and COPD. However, various considerations and cautions have to be taken into account when designing such in vitro experiments. Epithelial features of asthma and COPD can be modelled by using a variety of disease-related invoking substances either alone or in combination, and by the use of primary cells isolated from patients. Differentiation is a hallmark of airway epithelial cells, and therefore models should include the ability of cells to differentiate, as can be achieved in air-liquid interface models. More recently developed in vitro models, including precision cut lung slices, lung-on-a-chip, organoids and human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cultures, provide novel state-of-the-art alternatives to the conventional in vitro models. Furthermore, advanced models in which cells are exposed to respiratory pathogens, aerosolized medications and inhaled toxic substances such as cigarette smoke and air pollution are increasingly used to model e.g. acute exacerbations. These exposure models are relevant to study how epithelial features of asthma and COPD are affected and provide a useful tool to study the effect of drugs used in treatment of asthma and COPD. These new developments are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the complex gene-environment interactions that contribute to development and progression of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Alva-Murillo N, Ochoa-Zarzosa A, López-Meza JE. Sodium Octanoate Modulates the Innate Immune Response of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through the TLR2/P38/JNK/ERK1/2 Pathway: Implications during Staphylococcus aureus Internalization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:78. [PMID: 28361042 PMCID: PMC5350129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) contribute to mammary gland defense against invading pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus (intracellular facultative), which is recognized by TLR2. In a previous report, we showed that sodium octanoate [NaO, a medium chain fatty acid (C8)] induces (0.25 mM) or inhibits (1 mM) S. aureus internalization into bMECs and differentially regulates the innate immune response (IIR). However, the molecular mechanisms have not been described, which was the aim of this study. The results showed that α5β1 integrin membrane abundance (MA) was increased in 0.25 mM NaO-treated cells, but TLR2 or CD36 MA was not modified. When these receptors were blocked individually, 0.25 mM NaO-increased S. aureus internalization was notably reduced. Interestingly, in this condition, the IIR of the bMECs was impaired because MAPK (p38, JNK, and ERK1/2) phosphorylation and the activation of transcription factors related to these pathways were decreased. In addition, the 1 mM NaO treatment induced TLR2 MA, but neither the integrin nor CD36 MA was modified. The reduction in S. aureus internalization induced by 1 mM NaO was increased further when TLR2 was blocked. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of the MAPKs increased, and 13 transcriptional factors related to the IIR were slightly activated (CBF, CDP, c-Myb, AP-1, Ets-1/Pea-3, FAST-1, GAS/ISRE, AP-2, NFAT-1, OCT-1, RAR/DR-5, RXR/DR-1, and Stat-3). Moreover, the 1 mM NaO treatment up-regulated gene expression of IL-8 and RANTES and secretion of IL-1β. Notably, when 1 mM NaO-treated bMECs were challenged with S. aureus, the gene expression of IL-8 and IL-10 increased, while IL-1β secretion was reduced. In conclusion, our results showed that α5β1 integrin, TLR2 and CD36 are involved in 0.25 mM NaO-increased S. aureus internalization in bMECs. In addition, 1 mM NaO activates bMECs via the TLR2 signaling pathways (p38, JNK, and ERK1/2), which improves IIR before S. aureus invasion. Additionally, NaO (1 mM) might exert anti-inflammatory effects after bacterial internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeli Alva-Murillo
- Licenciatura en Genómica Alimentaria, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de OcampoSahuayo, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia, Mexico
| | - Joel E. López-Meza
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia, Mexico
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Cystic fibrosis lung environment and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:174. [PMID: 27919253 PMCID: PMC5139081 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are highly complex, subject to various environmental conditions as well as a distinct microbiota. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognized as one of the most important pulmonary pathogens and the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. A multifarious interplay between the host, pathogens, microbiota, and the environment shapes the course of the disease. There have been several excellent reviews detailing CF pathology, Pseudomonas and the role of environment in CF but only a few reviews connect these entities with regards to influence on the overall course of the disease. A holistic understanding of contributing factors is pertinent to inform new research and therapeutics. Discussion In this article, we discuss the deterministic alterations in lung physiology as a result of CF. We also revisit the impact of those changes on the microbiota, with special emphasis on P. aeruginosa and the influence of other non-genetic factors on CF. Substantial past and current research on various genetic and non-genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis has been reviewed to assess the effect of different factors on CF pulmonary infection. A thorough review of contributing factors in CF and the alterations in lung physiology indicate that CF lung infection is multi-factorial with no isolated cause that should be solely targeted to control disease progression. A combinatorial approach may be required to ensure better disease outcomes. Conclusion CF lung infection is a complex disease and requires a broad multidisciplinary approach to improve CF disease outcomes. A holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms and non-genetic contributing factors in CF is central to development of new and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Ralhan A, Laval J, Lelis F, Ballbach M, Grund C, Hector A, Hartl D. Current Concepts and Controversies in Innate Immunity of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. J Innate Immun 2016; 8:531-540. [PMID: 27362371 PMCID: PMC6738757 DOI: 10.1159/000446840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic infection and inflammation. The inflammatory response in CF is dominated by the activation of the innate immune system. Bacteria and fungi represent the key pathogens chronically colonizing the CF airways. In response, innate immune pattern recognition receptors, expressed by airway epithelial and myeloid cells, sense the microbial threat and release chemoattractants to recruit large numbers of neutrophils into CF airways. However, neutrophils fail to efficiently clear the invading pathogens, but instead release harmful proteases and oxidants and finally cause tissue injury. Here, we summarize and discuss current concepts and controversies in the field of innate immunity in CF lung disease, facing the ongoing questions of whether inflammation is good or bad in CF and how innate immune mechanisms could be harnessed therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Ralhan
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie Laval
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Lelis
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlene Ballbach
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charlotte Grund
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The activation of the TLR2/p38 pathway by sodium butyrate in bovine mammary epithelial cells is involved in the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus internalization. Mol Immunol 2015; 68:445-55. [PMID: 26471700 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an etiological agent of human and animal diseases, and it is able to internalize into non-professional phagocytic cells (i.e. bovine mammary epithelial cells, bMECs), which is an event that is related to chronic and recurrent infections. bMECs contribute to host innate immune responses (IIR) through TLR pathogen recognition, whereby TLR2 is the most relevant for S. aureus. In a previous report, we showed that sodium butyrate (NaB, 0.5mM), which is a short chain fatty acid (SCFA), reduced S. aureus internalization into bMECs by modulating their IIR. However, the molecular mechanism of this process has not been described, which was the aim of this study. The results showed that the TLR2 membrane abundance (MA) and mRNA expression were induced by 0.5mM NaB ∼1.6-fold and ∼1.7-fold, respectively. Additionally, 0.5mM NaB induced p38 phosphorylation, but not JNK1/2 or ERK1/2 phosphorylation in bMECs, which reached the baseline when the bMECs were S. aureus-challenged. Additionally, bMECs that were treated with 0.5mM NaB (24h) showed activation of 8 transcriptional factors (AP-1, E2F-1, FAST-1, MEF-1, EGR, PPAR, ER and CBF), which were partially reverted when the bMECs were S. aureus-challenged. Additionally, 0.5mM NaB (24h) up-regulated mRNA expression of the antimicrobial peptides, TAP (∼4.8-fold), BNBD5 (∼3.2-fold) and BNBD10 (∼2.6-fold). Notably, NaB-treated and S. aureus-challenged bMECs increased the mRNA expression of all of the antimicrobial peptides that were evaluated, and this was evident for LAP and BNBD5. In the NaB-treated bMECs, we did not detect significant expression changes for IL-1β and IL-6 and only TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-8 were induced. Interestingly, the NaB-treated and S. aureus-challenged bMECs maintained the anti-inflammatory response that was induced by this SCFA. In conclusion, our results suggest that 0.5mM NaB activates bMECs via TLR2/p38, which leads to improved antimicrobial defense before/after pathogen invasion, and NaB may exert anti-inflammatory effects during infection.
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