1
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Gordy D, Swayne T, Berry GJ, Thomas TA, Hudson KE, Stone EF. Characterization of a novel mouse platelet transfusion model. Vox Sang 2024. [PMID: 38643983 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Platelet transfusions are increasing with medical advances. Based on FDA criteria, platelet units are assessed by in vitro measures; however, it is not known how platelet processing and storage duration affect function in vivo. Our study's aim was to develop a novel platelet transfusion model stored in mouse plasma that meets FDA criteria adapted to mice, and transfused fresh and stored platelets are detectable in clots in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Platelet units stored in mouse plasma were prepared using a modified platelet-rich plasma (PRP) collection protocol. Characteristics of fresh and stored units, including pH, cell count, in vitro measures of activity, including activation and aggregation, and post-transfusion recovery (PTR), were determined. Lastly, a tail transection assay was conducted using mice transfused with fresh or stored units, and transfused platelets were identified by confocal imaging. RESULTS Platelet units had acceptable platelet and white cell counts and were negative for bacterial contamination. Fresh and 1-day stored units had acceptable pH; the platelets were activatable by thrombin and adenosine diphosphate, agreeable with thrombin, had acceptable PTR, and were present in vivo in clots of recipients after tail transection. In contrast, 2-day stored units had clinically unacceptable quality. CONCLUSION We developed mouse platelets for transfusion analogous to human platelet units using a modified PRP collection protocol with maximum storage of 1 day for an 'old' unit. This provides a powerful tool to test how process modifications and storage conditions affect transfused platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gordy
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Theresa Swayne
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory J Berry
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany A Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krystalyn E Hudson
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth F Stone
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Schofield H, Rossetto A, Armstrong PC, Allan HE, Warner TD, Brohi K, Vulliamy P. Immature platelet dynamics are associated with clinical outcomes after major trauma. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:926-935. [PMID: 38101576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major trauma results in dramatic changes in platelet behavior. Newly formed platelets are more reactive than older platelets, but their contributions to hemostasis and thrombosis after severe injury have not been previously evaluated. OBJECTIVES To determine how immature platelet metrics and plasma thrombopoietin relate to clinical outcomes after major injury. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was performed in adult trauma patients. Platelet counts and the immature platelet fraction (IPF) were measured at admission and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days after injury. Thromboelastometry was performed at admission. Plasma thrombopoietin, c-Mpl, and GPIbα were quantified in a separate cohort. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes were venous thromboembolic events and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). RESULTS On admission, immature platelet counts (IPCs) were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (n = 40) than in survivors (n = 236; 7.3 × 109/L vs 10.6 × 109/L; P = .009), but IPF did not differ. Similarly, impaired platelet function on thromboelastometry was associated with lower admission IPC (9.1 × 109/L vs 11.9 × 109/L; P < .001). However, at later time points, we observed significantly higher IPF and IPC in patients who developed venous thromboembolism (21.0 × 109/L vs 11.1 × 109/L; P = .02) and prolonged MODS (20.9 × 109/L vs 11 × 109/L; P = .003) than in those who did not develop complications. Plasma thrombopoietin levels at admission were significantly lower in nonsurvivors (P < .001), in patients with MODS (P < .001), and in those who developed venous thromboembolism (P = .04). CONCLUSION Lower levels of immature platelets in the acute phase after major injury are associated with increased mortality, whereas higher immature platelet levels at later time points may predispose to thrombosis and MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Schofield
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Rossetto
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harriet E Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karim Brohi
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Vulliamy
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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3
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Vu LT, Ahmed F, Zhu H, Iu DSH, Fogarty EA, Kwak Y, Chen W, Franconi CJ, Munn PR, Tate AE, Levine SM, Stevens J, Mao X, Shungu DC, Moore GE, Keller BA, Hanson MR, Grenier JK, Grimson A. Single-cell transcriptomics of the immune system in ME/CFS at baseline and following symptom provocation. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101373. [PMID: 38232699 PMCID: PMC10829790 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a serious and poorly understood disease. To understand immune dysregulation in ME/CFS, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to examine immune cells in patient and control cohorts. Postexertional malaise (PEM), an exacerbation of symptoms following strenuous exercise, is a characteristic symptom of ME/CFS. To detect changes coincident with PEM, we applied scRNA-seq on the same cohorts following exercise. At baseline, ME/CFS patients display classical monocyte dysregulation suggestive of inappropriate differentiation and migration to tissue. We identify both diseased and more normal monocytes within patients, and the fraction of diseased cells correlates with disease severity. Comparing the transcriptome at baseline and postexercise challenge, we discover patterns indicative of improper platelet activation in patients, with minimal changes elsewhere in the immune system. Taken together, these data identify immunological defects present at baseline in patients and an additional layer of dysregulation in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyen Tien Vu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongya Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David Shing Huk Iu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Fogarty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yeonui Kwak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carl J Franconi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Munn
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ann E Tate
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey E Moore
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Betsy A Keller
- Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Genomics Innovation Hub and TREx Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Andrew Grimson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Lekva T, Sundaram AYF, Roland MCP, Åsheim J, Michelsen AE, Norwitz ER, Aukrust P, Gilfillan GD, Ueland T. Platelet and mitochondrial RNA is decreased in plasma-derived extracellular vesicles in women with preeclampsia-an exploratory study. BMC Med 2023; 21:458. [PMID: 37996819 PMCID: PMC10666366 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increased in preeclampsia (PE) and are associated with severity and progression. We examined in this exploratory cohort study if the mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma-derived EVs were dysregulated in PE compared to normal pregnancy and display different temporal patterns during gestation. METHODS We isolated EVs from plasma at weeks 22-24 and 36-38 in women with and without PE (n=7 in each group) and performed RNA-seq, focusing on mRNAs and lncRNAs. We validated highly expressed mitochondrial and platelet-derived RNAs discovered from central pathways in 60 women with/without PE. We examined further one of the regulated RNAs, noncoding mitochondrially encoded tRNA alanine (MT-TA), in leukocytes and plasma to investigate its biomarker potential and association with clinical markers of PE. RESULTS We found abundant levels of platelet-derived and mitochondrial RNAs in EVs. Expression of these RNAs were decreased and lncRNAs increased in EVs from PE compared to without PE. These findings were further validated by qPCR for mitochondrial RNAs MT-TA, MT-ND2, MT-CYB and platelet-derived RNAs PPBP, PF4, CLU in EVs. Decreased expression of mitochondrial tRNA MT-TA in leukocytes at 22-24 weeks was strongly associated with the subsequent development of PE. CONCLUSIONS Platelet-derived and mitochondrial RNA were highly expressed in plasma EVs and were decreased in EVs isolated from women with PE compared to without PE. LncRNAs were mostly increased in PE. The MT-TA in leukocytes may be a useful biomarker for prediction and/or early detection of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Lekva
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arvind Y Fm Sundaram
- Department Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - June Åsheim
- Department Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregor D Gilfillan
- Department Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Gordy D, Swayne T, Berry GJ, Thomas TA, Hudson KE, Stone EF. Characterization of a Novel Mouse Platelet Transfusion Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566577. [PMID: 38014145 PMCID: PMC10680660 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet transfusions are increasing with advances in medical care. Based on FDA criteria, platelet units are assessed by in vitro measures; however, it is not known how platelet processing and storage duration affect function in vivo. To address this, we developed a novel platelet transfusion model that meets FDA criteria adapted to mice, and transfused fresh and stored platelets are detected in clots in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Platelet units stored in mouse plasma were prepared using a modified platelet rich plasma collection protocol. Characteristics of fresh and stored units, including pH, cell count, in vitro measures of activity, including activation and aggregation, and post-transfusion recovery (PTR), were determined. Lastly, a tail transection assay was conducted using mice transfused with fresh or stored units, and transfused platelets were identified by confocal imaging. RESULTS Platelet units had acceptable platelet and white cell counts and were negative for bacterial contamination. Fresh and 1-day stored units had acceptable pH; the platelets were activatable by thrombin and ADP, aggregable with thrombin, had acceptable PTR, and were present in vivo in clots of recipients after tail transection. In contrast, 2-day stored units had clinically unacceptable quality. DISCUSSION We developed mouse platelets for transfusion analogous to human platelet units using a modified platelet rich plasma collection protocol with maximum storage of 1 day for an "old" unit. This provides a powerful tool to test how process modifications and storage conditions affect transfused platelet function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Gordy
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
| | - Theresa Swayne
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
| | - Gregory J. Berry
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
| | - Tiffany A. Thomas
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
| | - Krystalyn E. Hudson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth F. Stone
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, New York, New York
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6
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Thibord F, Johnson AD. Sources of variability in the human platelet transcriptome. Thromb Res 2023; 231:255-263. [PMID: 37357099 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cells produced by megakaryocytes, from which they inherit all the components necessary to carry their functions. They circulate in blood vessels where they play essential roles in coagulation, wound repair or inflammation, and have been implicated in various pathological conditions such as thrombosis, viral infection or cancer progression. The importance of these cells has been established over a century ago, and effective anti-platelet medications with different mechanisms of action have since been developed. However, these therapies are not always effective and can incur adverse events, thus a better understanding of platelets molecular processes is needed to address these issues and improve our understanding of platelet functions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have leveraged OMICs technologies to analyze their content and identify molecular signatures and mechanisms associated with platelet functions and platelet related disorders. In particular, the increased accessibility of microarrays and RNA sequencing opened the way for studies of the platelet transcriptome under a wide array of conditions. These studies revealed distinct expression profiles in diverse pathologies, which could lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and suggests a dynamic transcriptome that could influence platelet mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the different sources of transcript level variability in platelets while summarizing recent advances and discoveries from this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Thibord
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 73 Mt. Wayte, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University and NHLBI, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA.
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 73 Mt. Wayte, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, Boston University and NHLBI, 73 Mt. Wayte Ave, Suite #2, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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7
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Allan HE, Vadgama A, Armstrong PC, Warner TD. Platelet ageing: A review. Thromb Res 2023; 231:214-222. [PMID: 36587993 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet ageing is an area of research which has gained much interest in recent years. Newly formed platelets, often referred to as reticulated platelets, young platelets or immature platelets, are defined as RNA-enriched and have long been thought to be hyper-reactive. This latter view is largely rooted in associations and observations in patient groups with shortened platelet half-lives who often present with increased proportions of newly formed platelets. Evidence from such groups suggests that an increased proportion of newly formed platelets is associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events and a reduced effectiveness of standard anti-platelet therapies. Whilst research has highlighted the existence of platelet subpopulations based on function, size and age within patient groups, the common intrinsic changes which occur as platelets age within the circulation are only just being explored. By understanding the changes that occur during the natural ageing processes of platelets, we may be able to identify the triggers for alterations in platelet life span and platelet reactivity. Here we review research on platelet ageing in the context of health and disease, paying particular attention to the experimental approaches taken and the robustness of conclusions that can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet E Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ami Vadgama
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts & the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
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8
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Pirabe A, Frühwirth S, Brunnthaler L, Hackl H, Schmuckenschlager A, Schrottmaier WC, Assinger A. Age-Dependent Surface Receptor Expression Patterns in Immature Versus Mature Platelets in Mouse Models of Regenerative Thrombocytopenia. Cells 2023; 12:2419. [PMID: 37830633 PMCID: PMC10571991 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process that unfolds at both the individual and cellular levels, resulting in changes in platelet count and platelet reactivity. These alterations are influenced by shifts in platelet production, as well as by various environmental factors that affect circulating platelets. Aging also triggers functional changes in platelets, including a reduction in RNA content and protein production capacity. Older individuals and RNA-rich immature platelets often exhibit hyperactivity, contributing significantly to pathologic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, sepsis, and thrombosis. However, the impact of aging on surface receptor expression of circulating platelets, particularly whether these effects vary between immature and mature platelets, remains largely unexplored. Thus, we investigated the expression of certain surface and activation receptors on platelets from young and old mice as well as on immature and mature platelets from mouse models of regenerative thrombocytopenia by flow cytometry. Our findings indicate that aged mice show an upregulated expression of the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), tetraspanin-29 (CD9), and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) compared to their younger counterparts. Interestingly, when comparing immature and mature platelets in both young and old mice, no differences were observed in mature platelets. However, immature platelets from young mice displayed higher surface expression compared to immature platelets from old mice. Additionally, in mouse models of regenerative thrombocytopenia, the majority of receptors were upregulated in immature platelets. These results suggest that distinct surface receptor expressions are increased on platelets from old mice and immature platelets, which may partially explain their heightened activity and contribute to an increased thrombotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Pirabe
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Frühwirth
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Brunnthaler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Anna Schmuckenschlager
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud C. Schrottmaier
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Eslami-S Z, Cortés-Hernández LE, Glogovitis I, Antunes-Ferreira M, D’Ambrosi S, Kurma K, Garima F, Cayrefourcq L, Best MG, Koppers-Lalic D, Wurdinger T, Alix-Panabières C. In vitro cross-talk between metastasis-competent circulating tumor cells and platelets in colon cancer: a malicious association during the harsh journey in the blood. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1209846. [PMID: 37601099 PMCID: PMC10433913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1209846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelets are active players in hemostasis, coagulation and also tumorigenesis. The cross-talk between platelets and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may have various pro-cancer effects, including promoting tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastatic cell survival, adhesion, arrest and also pre-metastatic niche and metastasis formation. Interaction with CTCs might alter the platelet transcriptome. However, as CTCs are rare events, the cross-talk between CTCs and platelets is poorly understood. Here, we used our established colon CTC lines to investigate the colon CTC-platelet cross-talk in vitro and its impact on the behavior/phenotype of both cell types. Methods: We exposed platelets isolated from healthy donors to thrombin (positive control) or to conditioned medium from three CTC lines from one patient with colon cancer and then we monitored the morphological and protein expression changes by microscopy and flow cytometry. We then analyzed the transcriptome by RNA-sequencing of platelets indirectly (presence of a Transwell insert) co-cultured with the three CTC lines. We also quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR the expression of genes related to EMT and cancer development in CTCs after direct co-culture (no Transwell insert) with platelets. Results: We observed morphological and transcriptomic changes in platelets upon exposure to CTC conditioned medium and indirect co-culture (secretome). Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in EMT (p < 0.05) were decreased in CTCs co-cultured with platelets, but not of genes encoding mesenchymal markers (FN1 and SNAI2). The expression levels of genes involved in cancer invasiveness (MYC, VEGFB, IL33, PTGS2, and PTGER2) were increased. Conclusion: For the first time, we studied the CTC-platelet cross-talk using our unique colon CTC lines. Incubation with CTC conditioned medium led to platelet aggregation and activation, supporting the hypothesis that their interaction may contribute to preserve CTC integrity during their journey in the bloodstream. Moreover, co-culture with platelets influenced the expression of several genes involved in invasiveness and EMT maintenance in CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Eslami-S
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Cortés-Hernández
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilias Glogovitis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mafalda Antunes-Ferreira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silvia D’Ambrosi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Keerthi Kurma
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Françoise Garima
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Myron G. Best
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Circulating Human Cells—University Medical Center of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CREEC/CANECEV, MIVEGEC (CREES), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
- European Liquid Biopsy Society (ELBS), Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Wojtowicz EE, Mistry JJ, Uzun V, Hellmich C, Scoones A, Chin DW, Kettyle LM, Grasso F, Lord AM, Wright DJ, Etherington GJ, Woll PS, Belderbos ME, Bowles KM, Nerlov C, Haerty W, Bystrykh LV, Jacobsen SEW, Rushworth SA, Macaulay IC. Panhematopoietic RNA barcoding enables kinetic measurements of nucleate and anucleate lineages and the activation of myeloid clones following acute platelet depletion. Genome Biol 2023; 24:152. [PMID: 37370129 PMCID: PMC10294477 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets and erythrocytes constitute over 95% of all hematopoietic stem cell output. However, the clonal dynamics of HSC contribution to these lineages remains largely unexplored. RESULTS We use lentiviral genetic labeling of mouse hematopoietic stem cells to quantify output from all lineages, nucleate, and anucleate, simultaneously linking these with stem and progenitor cell transcriptomic phenotypes using single-cell RNA-sequencing. We observe dynamic shifts of clonal behaviors through time in same-animal peripheral blood and demonstrate that acute platelet depletion shifts the output of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells to the exclusive production of platelets. Additionally, we observe the emergence of new myeloid-biased clones, which support short- and long-term production of blood cells. CONCLUSIONS Our approach enables kinetic studies of multi-lineage output in the peripheral blood and transcriptional heterogeneity of individual hematopoietic stem cells. Our results give a unique insight into hematopoietic stem cell reactivation upon platelet depletion and of clonal dynamics in both steady state and under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta E Wojtowicz
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jayna J Mistry
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Vladimir Uzun
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Charlotte Hellmich
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Anita Scoones
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Desmond W Chin
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura M Kettyle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Grasso
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allegra M Lord
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Petter S Woll
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristian M Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Leonid V Bystrykh
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center of Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Iain C Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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11
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Ding S, Dong X, Song X. Tumor educated platelet: the novel BioSource for cancer detection. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:91. [PMID: 37170255 PMCID: PMC10176761 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, involved in the whole process of tumorigenesis and development, constantly absorb and enrich tumor-specific substances in the circulation during their life span, thus called "Tumor Educated Platelets" (TEPs). The alterations of platelet mRNA profiles have been identified as tumor markers due to the regulatory mechanism of post-transcriptional splicing. Small nuclear RNAs (SnRNAs), the important spliceosome components in platelets, dominate platelet RNA splicing and regulate the splicing intensity of pre-mRNA. Endogenous variation at the snRNA levels leads to widespread differences in alternative splicing, thereby driving the development and progression of neoplastic diseases. This review systematically expounds the bidirectional tumor-platelets interactions, especially the tumor induced alternative splicing in TEP, and further explores whether molecules related to alternative splicing such as snRNAs can serve as novel biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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12
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Cacic D, Hervig T, Reikvam H. Platelets for advanced drug delivery in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:673-688. [PMID: 37212640 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2217378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer-related drug expenses are rising with the increasing cancer incidence and cost may represent a severe challenge for drug access for patients with cancer. Consequently, strategies for increasing therapeutic efficacy of already available drugs may be essential for the future health-care system. AREAS COVERED In this review, we have investigated the potential for the use of platelets as drug-delivery systems. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant papers written in English and published up to January 2023. Papers were included at the authors' discretion to reflect an overview of state of the art. EXPERT OPINION It is known that cancer cells interact with platelets to gain functional advantages including immune evasion and metastasis development. This platelet-cancer interaction has been the inspiration for numerous platelet-based drug delivery systems using either drug-loaded or drug-bound platelets, or platelet membrane-containing hybrid vesicles combining platelet membranes with synthetic nanocarriers. Compared to treatment with free drug or synthetic drug vectors, these strategies may improve pharmacokinetics and selective cancer cell targeting. There are multiple studies showing improved therapeutic efficacy using animal models, however, no platelet-based drug delivery systems have been tested in humans, meaning the clinical relevance of this technology remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tor Hervig
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Li H, Jiang W, Zhang SR, Li PC, Li TJ, Jin W, Xu HX, Yu XJ, Liu L. The platelet pannexin 1-IL-1β axis orchestrates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:1453-1465. [PMID: 36922676 PMCID: PMC10015141 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protumor mechanisms of platelets in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Serum samples were collected from 656 PDAC patients and 3105 healthy people, and a Panx1 knockout tumor model and an adoptive platelet transfusion mouse model were established. We showed that the blood platelet counts were not significantly different between stage III/IV and stage I/II patients, while the number of the CD41+/CD62P+ platelets was significantly elevated in stage III/IV patients, indicating that CD41+/CD62P+ platelets are associated with a poor prognosis. Further analysis showed that a high level of CD41+/CD62P+ platelets was significantly correlated with microvascular invasion (P = 0.002), advanced 8th edition AJCC stage (P < 0.001), and a high CA19-9 level (P = 0.027) and independently predicted a poor prognosis for resectable I/II PDAC. Furthermore, we found significantly higher Panx1 expression in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets than in CD41+/CD62P- platelets in PDAC patients. Mechanistically, Panx1 was able to enhance IL-1β secretion in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets by phosphorylating p38 MAPK and consequently promoted the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells. Finally, we synthesized a novel compound named PC63435 by the ligation of carbenoxolone (a Panx1 inhibitor) and PSGL-1 (a CD62P ligand). PC63435 specifically bound to CD41+/CD62P+ platelets, then blocked the Panx1/IL-1β pathway and reduced the proportion of CD41+/CD62P+ platelets, which suppressed PDAC tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. These results demonstrated that the Panx1/IL-1β axis in CD41+/CD62P+ platelets enhanced PDAC cell malignancy and that this axis may be a promising target for PDAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wang Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 20032, P. R. China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China. .,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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14
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Angénieux C, Couvidou A, Brouard N, Eckly A, Dupuis A, Mangin PH, Maître B. Discriminating young platelets on human leukocyte antigen-I expression highlights their extremely high reactivity potential. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100006. [PMID: 36970736 PMCID: PMC10031328 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2022.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The platelet population is heterogeneous, with different subsets that differ on the basis of their function and reactivity. An intrinsic factor participating in this difference of reactivity could be the platelet age. The lack of relevant tools allowing a formal identification of young platelets prevents so far to draw solid conclusions regarding platelet reactivity. We recently reported that human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) molecules are more expressed on human young platelets. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess platelet reactivity according to their age based on HLA-I expression level. Methods Platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometry (FC) for different platelet subsets based on their HLA-I expression. These populations were further cell sorted and their intrinsic properties were determined by FC and electron microscopy (EM). Statistical analyses were performed with GraphPad Prism 5.02 software using two-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test. Results HLA-I expression level allowed the identification of 3 platelet subpopulations regarding to their age (HLA low, dim, and high). HLA-I was reliable to guide platelet cell sorting and highlighted the features of young platelets in the HLA-Ihigh population. In response to different soluble agonists, HLA-Ihigh platelets were the most reactive subset as shown by the level of P-selectin secretion and fibrinogen binding assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the highest capacity of HLA-Ihigh platelets to simultaneously express annexin-V and von Willebrand factor or activated αIIbβ3 after coactivation with TRAP and CRP indicated that the procoagulant feature of platelets was age-related. Conclusion The young HLA-Ihigh population is the most reactive and prone to become procoagulant. These results open up new perspectives to investigate deeply the role of young and old platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Angénieux
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Adèle Couvidou
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Brouard
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anita Eckly
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre H. Mangin
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Blandine Maître
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence Blandine Maître, UMR_S1255 INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, 10 rue Spielmann, BP 36, F-67065 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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15
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Advanced Flow Cytometry Using the SYTO-13 Dye for the Assessment of Platelet Reactivity and Maturity in Whole Blood. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:mps6010008. [PMID: 36648957 PMCID: PMC9887591 DOI: 10.3390/mps6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly produced immature platelets are larger, contain higher amounts of residual RNA, and are more reactive than mature platelets. Flow cytometry using the SYTO-13 dye is a method for the subdivision of immature platelets from mature platelets based on the labelling of intracellular platelet RNA, enabling the simultaneous investigation of the reactivity of each platelet population. This method provides detailed information on several aspects of platelet physiology using a combination of platelet surface markers and agonists. Currently, no standardized protocol exists across laboratories. Here, we describe a flow cytometry protocol in detail to investigate platelet reactivity and its relation to platelet maturity. We analyzed 20 healthy individuals with the protocol and compared the platelet subpopulation with the highest SYTO-13 labelling (in the first quintile, "SYTO-high") corresponding to the most immature platelets (highest RNA content) with the platelet subpopulation with the lowest SYTO-13 labelling (in the fifth quintile, "SYTO-low") corresponding to the mature platelets with the lowest RNA content. SYTO-high platelets had overall significantly increased platelet reactivity compared with that of SYTO-low platelets. The presented method may be a valuable research tool for the analysis of platelet reactivity and its relation to platelet maturity.
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16
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An Insight into Platelets at Older Age: Cellular and Clinical Perspectives. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:343-363. [PMID: 36600139 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Higher access to medical care, advanced diagnostic tools, and overall public health improvements have favored increased humans lifespan. With a growing proportion of older adults, the associated costs to care for ageing-associated conditions will continue to grow. This chapter highlights recent cellular and clinical evidence of platelets at an older age, from the hyperreactive phenotype associated with thrombosis to the well-known hallmarks of ageing identifiable in platelets and their potential functional implications on platelets at an older age. Therefore, it is imperative to understand platelets' molecular and cellular mechanisms during ageing in health and disease. New knowledge will favor the development of new ways to prevent some of the age-associated complications where platelets are key players.
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17
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Application of tumor-educated platelets as new fluid biopsy markers in various tumors. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:114-125. [PMID: 36284061 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of malignant tumors is increasing year by year. Early detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors can improve the prognosis of patients and prolong their life. Pathological biopsy is the current gold standard for diagnosis, but the results of pathological biopsy are affected by the sampling site and cannot fully reflect the nature of the disease. Moreover, the invasive nature of pathological biopsy limits repeated detection. Liquid biopsies are non-invasive and can be used for early detection and monitoring of tumors, which considered to represent a promising tool. Platelets make themselves to be one of the richest liquid biopsy sources by the capacity to take up proteins and nucleic acids and alter their megakaryocyte-derived transcripts and proteins in response to external signals, which are called tumor-educated platelets (TEPs). In this article, we will review the application of tumor-educated platelets in various malignancies (nasopharyngeal carcinoma, prostate cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer, ovarian cancer, sarcoma, breast cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma) and provide theoretical basis for the research of TEPs in tumor diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.
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18
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Armstrong PC, Allan HE, Kirkby NS, Gutmann C, Joshi A, Crescente M, Mitchell JA, Mayr M, Warner TD. Temporal in vivo platelet labeling in mice reveals age-dependent receptor expression and conservation of specific mRNAs. Blood Adv 2022; 6:6028-6038. [PMID: 36037520 PMCID: PMC9699941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The proportion of young platelets, also known as newly formed or reticulated, within the overall platelet population has been clinically correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, our understanding of this is incomplete because of limitations in the technical approaches available to study platelets of different ages. In this study, we have developed and validated an in vivo temporal labeling approach using injectable fluorescent antiplatelet antibodies to subdivide platelets by age and assess differences in functional and molecular characteristics. With this approach, we found that young platelets (<24 hours old) in comparison with older platelets respond to stimuli with greater calcium flux and degranulation and contribute more to the formation of thrombi in vitro and in vivo. Sequential sampling confirmed this altered functionality to be independent of platelet size, with distribution of sizes of tracked platelets commensurate with the global platelet population throughout their 5-day lifespan in the circulation. The age-associated decrease in thrombotic function was accompanied by significant decreases in the surface expression of GPVI and CD31 (PECAM-1) and an increase in CD9. Platelet messenger RNA (mRNA) content also decreased with age but at different rates for individual mRNAs indicating apparent conservation of those encoding granule proteins. Our pulse-chase-type approach to define circulating platelet age has allowed timely reexamination of commonly held beliefs regarding size and reactivity of young platelets while providing novel insights into the temporal regulation of receptor and protein expression. Overall, future application of this validated tool will inform age-based platelet heterogeneity in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence: Paul C. Armstrong, Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom;
| | - Harriet E. Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S. Kirkby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Gutmann
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A. Mitchell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Liu Z, Avila C, Malone LE, Gnatenko DV, Sheriff J, Zhu W, Bahou WF. Age-restricted functional and developmental differences of neonatal platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2632-2645. [PMID: 35962592 PMCID: PMC10953828 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental ontogeny of neonatal thrombopoiesis retains characteristics that are distinct from adults although molecular mechanisms remain unestablished. METHODS We applied multiparameter quantitative platelet responses with integrated ribosome profiling/transcriptomic studies to better define gene/pathway perturbations regulating the neonatal-to-adult transition. A bioinformatics pipeline was developed to identify stable, neonatal-restricted platelet biomarkers for clinical application. RESULTS Cord blood (CB) platelets retained the capacity for linear agonist-receptor coupling linked to phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure and α-granule release, although a restricted block in cross-agonist activation pathways was evident. Functional immaturity of synergistic signaling pathways was due to younger ontogenetic age and singular underdevelopment of the protein secretory gene network, with reciprocal expansion of developmental pathways (E2F, G2M checkpoint, c-Myc) important for megakaryocytopoiesis. Genetic perturbations regulating vesicle transport and fusion (TOM1L1, VAMP3, SNAP23, and DNM1L) and PS exposure and procoagulant activity (CLCN3) were the most significant, providing a molecular explanation for globally attenuated responses. Integrated transcriptomic and ribosomal footprints identified highly abundant (ribosome-protected) DEFA3 (encoding human defensin neutrophil peptide 3) and HBG1 as stable biomarkers of neonatal thrombopoiesis. Studies comparing CB- or adult-derived megakaryocytopoiesis confirmed inducible and abundant DEFA3 antigenic expression in CB megakaryocytes, ~3.5-fold greater than in leukocytes (the most abundant source in humans). An initial feasibility cohort of at-risk pregnancies manifested by maternal/fetal hemorrhage (chimerism) were applied for detection and validation of platelet HBG1 and DEFA3 as neonatal thrombopoiesis markers, most consistent for HBG1, which displayed gestational age-dependent expression. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish an ontogenetically divergent stage of neonatal thrombopoiesis, and provide initial feasibility studies to track disordered fetal-to-adult megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyan Liu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Cecilia Avila
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Lisa E. Malone
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Gnatenko
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jawaad Sheriff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wadie F. Bahou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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20
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Patel A, Kumar S, Lai L, Chakravarthy C, Valanparambil R, Reddy ES, Gottimukkala K, Bajpai P, Raju DR, Edara VV, Davis-Gardner ME, Linderman S, Dixit K, Sharma P, Mantus G, Cheedarla N, Verkerke HP, Frank F, Neish AS, Roback JD, Davis CW, Wrammert J, Ahmed R, Suthar MS, Sharma A, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A, Ortlund EA. Molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant evasion from shared neutralizing antibody response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.10.24.513517. [PMID: 36324804 DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.13.512091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the molecular features of the neutralizing epitopes developed by viral escape mutants is important for predicting and developing vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against continuously emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report three human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from COVID-19 recovered individuals during first wave of pandemic in India. These mAbs had publicly shared near germline gene usage and potently neutralized Alpha and Delta, but poorly neutralized Beta and completely failed to neutralize Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Structural analysis of these three mAbs in complex with trimeric spike protein showed that all three mAbs are involved in bivalent spike binding with two mAbs targeting class-1 and one targeting class-4 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) epitope. Comparison of immunogenetic makeup, structure, and function of these three mAbs with our recently reported class-3 RBD binding mAb that potently neutralized all SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed precise antibody footprint, specific molecular interactions associated with the most potent multi-variant binding / neutralization efficacy. This knowledge has timely significance for understanding how a combination of certain mutations affect the binding or neutralization of an antibody and thus have implications for predicting structural features of emerging SARS-CoV-2 escape variants and to develop vaccines or therapeutic antibodies against these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chennareddy Chakravarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rajesh Valanparambil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dinesh Ravindra Raju
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Venkata Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Susanne Linderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kritika Dixit
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Grace Mantus
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Narayanaiah Cheedarla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hans P Verkerke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Filipp Frank
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carl W Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory National Primate Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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21
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Jain K, Tyagi T, Du J, Hu X, Patell K, Martin KA, Hwa J. Unfolded Protein Response Differentially Modulates the Platelet Phenotype. Circ Res 2022; 131:290-307. [PMID: 35862006 PMCID: PMC9357223 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unfolded protein response (UPR) is a multifaceted signaling cascade that alleviates protein misfolding. Although well studied in nucleated cells, UPR in absence of transcriptional regulation has not been described. Intricately associated with cardiovascular diseases, platelets, despite being anucleate, respond rapidly to stressors in blood. We investigate the UPR in anucleate platelets and explore its role, if any, on platelet physiology and function. METHODS Human and mouse platelets were studied using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Platelet lineage-specific knockout mice were generated independently for each of the 3 UPR pathways, PERK (protein kinase RNA [PKR]-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase), XBP1 (X-binding protein), and ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Diabetes patients were prospectively recruited, and platelets were evaluated for activation of UPR under chronic pathophysiological disease conditions. RESULTS Tunicamycin induced the IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme-1alpha)-XBP1 pathway in human and mouse platelets, while oxidative stress predominantly activated the PERK pathway. PERK deletion significantly increased platelet aggregation and apoptosis and phosphorylation of PLCγ2, PLCβ3, and p38 MAPK. Deficiency of XBP1 increased platelet aggregation, with higher PLCβ3 and PKCδ activation. ATF6 deletion mediated a relatively modest effect on platelet phenotype with increased PKA (protein kinase A). Platelets from diabetes patients exhibited a positive correlation between disease severity, platelet activation, and protein aggregation, with only IRE1α-XBP1 activation. Moreover, IRE1α inhibition increased platelet aggregation, while clinically approved chemical chaperone, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate reduced the platelet hyperactivation. CONCLUSIONS We show for the first time, that UPR activation occurs in platelets and can be independent of genomic regulation, with selective induction being specific to the source and severity of stress. Each UPR pathway plays a key role and can differentially modulate the platelet activation pathways and phenotype. Targeting the specific arms of UPR may provide a new antiplatelet strategy to mitigate thrombotic risk in diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Jain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Tarun Tyagi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jing Du
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kanchi Patell
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Room 759, New Haven, CT 06511
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22
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Schanze N, Hamad MA, Nührenberg TG, Bode C, Duerschmied D. Platelets in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Hamostaseologie 2022; 43:110-121. [PMID: 35913081 PMCID: PMC10132858 DOI: 10.1055/a-1739-9351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease, including myocardial infarction (MI), remains a leading cause of global mortality. Rapid reperfusion therapy is key to the improvement of patient outcome but contributes substantially to the final cardiac damage. This phenomenon is called "ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)." The underlying mechanisms of IRI are complex and not fully understood. Contributing cellular and molecular mechanisms involve the formation of microthrombi, alterations in ion concentrations, pH shifts, dysregulation of osmolality, and, importantly, inflammation. Beyond their known action as drivers of the development of coronary plaques leading to MI, platelets have been identified as important mediators in myocardial IRI. Circulating platelets are activated by the IRI-provoked damages in the vascular endothelium. This leads to platelet adherence to the reperfused endothelium, aggregation, and the formation of microthrombi. Furthermore, activated platelets release vasoconstrictive substances, act via surface molecules, and enhance leukocyte infiltration into post-IR tissue, that is, via platelet-leukocyte complexes. A better understanding of platelet contributions to myocardial IRI, including their interaction with other lesion-associated cells, is necessary to develop effective treatment strategies to prevent IRI and further improve the condition of the reperfused myocardium. In this review, we briefly summarize platelet properties that modulate IRI. We also describe the beneficial impacts of antiplatelet agents as well as their mechanisms of action in IRI beyond classic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Muataz Ali Hamad
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Georg Nührenberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.,European Center for AngioScience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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23
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De Wispelaere K, Freson K. The Analysis of the Human Megakaryocyte and Platelet Coding Transcriptome in Healthy and Diseased Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147647. [PMID: 35886993 PMCID: PMC9317744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are generated and released into the bloodstream from their precursor cells, megakaryocytes that reside in the bone marrow. Though platelets have no nucleus or DNA, they contain a full transcriptome that, during platelet formation, is transported from the megakaryocyte to the platelet. It has been described that transcripts in platelets can be translated into proteins that influence platelet response. The platelet transcriptome is highly dynamic and has been extensively studied using microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in relation to diverse conditions (inflammation, obesity, cancer, pathogens and others). In this review, we focus on bulk and single-cell RNA-seq studies that have aimed to characterize the coding transcriptome of healthy megakaryocytes and platelets in humans. It has been noted that bulk RNA-seq has limitations when studying in vitro-generated megakaryocyte cultures that are highly heterogeneous, while single-cell RNA-seq has not yet been applied to platelets due to their very limited RNA content. Next, we illustrate how these methods can be applied in the field of inherited platelet disorders for gene discovery and for unraveling novel disease mechanisms using RNA from platelets and megakaryocytes and rare disease bioinformatics. Next, future perspectives are discussed on how this field of coding transcriptomics can be integrated with other next-generation technologies to decipher unexplained inherited platelet disorders in a multiomics approach.
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24
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Longitudinal study of 2 patients with cyclic thrombocytopenia, STAT3 and MPL mutations. Blood Adv 2022; 7:190-194. [PMID: 35381066 PMCID: PMC9837656 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic thrombocytopenia (CTP) is a rare disease of periodic platelet count oscillations. The pathogenesis of CTP remains elusive. To study the underlying pathophysiology and genetic and cellular associations with CTP, we applied systems biology approaches to 2 patients with stable platelet cycling and reciprocal thrombopoietin (TPO) cycling at multiple time points through 2 cycles. Blood transcriptome analysis revealed cycling of platelet-specific genes, which are in parallel with and precede platelet count oscillation, indicating that cyclical platelet production leads platelet count cycling in both patients. Additionally, neutrophil and erythrocyte-specific genes also showed fluctuations correlating with platelet count changes, consistent with TPO effects on hematopoietic progenitors. Moreover, we found novel genetic associations with CTP. One patient had a novel germline heterozygous loss-of-function (LOF) thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) c.1210G>A mutation, and both had pathogenic somatic gain-of-function (GOF) variants in signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, both patients had clonal T-cell populations that remained stable throughout platelet count cycles. These mutations and clonal T cells may potentially involve in the pathogenic baseline in these patients, rendering exaggerated persistent thrombopoiesis oscillations of their intrinsic rhythm upon homeostatic perturbations. This work provides new insights into the pathophysiology of CTP and possible therapies.
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25
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Wicik Z, Czajka P, Eyileten C, Fitas A, Wolska M, Jakubik D, von Lewinski D, Sourij H, Siller-Matula JM, Postula M. The role of miRNAs in regulation of platelet activity and related diseases - a bioinformatic analysis. Platelets 2022; 33:1052-1064. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2022.2042233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Wicik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Czajka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alex Fitas
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Wolska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School of Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Jakubik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jolanta M. Siller-Matula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology Cept, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Krishnan A, Thomas S. Toward platelet transcriptomics in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:316-322. [PMID: 34811507 PMCID: PMC8810955 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread adoption of next-generation techniques such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has enabled research examining the transcriptome of anucleate blood platelets in health and disease, thus revealing a rich platelet transcriptomic signature that is reprogrammed in response to disease. Platelet signatures not only capture information from parent megakaryocytes and progenitor hematopoietic stem cells but also the bone marrow microenvironment, and underlying disease states. In cancer, the substantive body of research in patients with solid tumours has identified distinct signatures in 'tumour-educated platelets', reflecting influences of the tumour, stroma and vasculature on splicing, sequestration of tumour-derived RNAs, and potentially cytokine and microvesicle influences on megakaryocytes. More recently, platelet RNA expression has emerged as a highly sensitive approach to profiling chronic progressive haematologic malignancies, where the combination of large data cohorts and machine-learning algorithms enables precise feature selection and potential prognostication. Despite these advances, however, our ability to translate platelet transcriptomics toward clinical diagnostic and prognostic efforts remains limited. In this Perspective, we present a few actionable steps for our basic, translational and clinical research communities in advancing the utility of the platelet transcriptome as a highly sensitive biomarker in cancer and collectively enable efforts toward clinical translation and patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Krishnan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Sally Thomas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
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27
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Allan HE, Hayman MA, Marcone S, Chan MV, Edin ML, Maffucci T, Joshi A, Menke L, Crescente M, Mayr M, Zeldin DC, Armstrong PC, Warner TD. Proteome and functional decline as platelets age in the circulation. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:3095-3112. [PMID: 34390534 PMCID: PMC8604765 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets circulate in the blood of healthy individuals for approximately 7-10 days regulated by finely balanced processes of production and destruction. As platelets are anucleate we reasoned that their protein composition would change as they age and that this change would be linked to alterations in structure and function. OBJECTIVE To isolate platelets of different ages from healthy individuals to test the hypothesis that changes in protein content cause alterations in platelet structure and function. METHODS Platelets were separated according to thiazole orange fluorescence intensity as a surrogate indicator of mRNA content and so a marker of platelet age and then subjected to proteomics, imaging, and functional assays to produce an in-depth analysis of platelet composition and function. RESULTS Total protein content was 45 ± 5% lower in old platelets compared to young platelets. Predictive proteomic pathway analysis identified associations with 28 biological processes, notably higher hemostasis in young platelets whilst apoptosis and senescence were higher in old platelets. Further studies confirmed platelet ageing was linked to a decrease in cytoskeletal protein and associated capability to spread and adhere, a reduction in mitochondria number, and lower calcium dynamics and granule secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate changes in protein content are linked to alterations in function as platelets age. This work delineates physical and functional changes in platelets as they age and serves as a base to examine differences associated with altered mean age of platelet populations in conditions such as immune thrombocytopenia and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet E. Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa A. Hayman
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Marcone
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa V. Chan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew L. Edin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Menke
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Darryl C. Zeldin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul C. Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D. Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Joshi A, Schmidt LE, Burnap SA, Lu R, Chan MV, Armstrong PC, Baig F, Gutmann C, Willeit P, Santer P, Barwari T, Theofilatos K, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Warner TD, Mathur A, Mayr M. Neutrophil-Derived Protein S100A8/A9 Alters the Platelet Proteome in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Is Associated With Changes in Platelet Reactivity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 42:49-62. [PMID: 34809447 PMCID: PMC8691374 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Platelets are central to acute myocardial infarction (MI). How the platelet proteome is altered during MI is unknown. We sought to describe changes in the platelet proteome during MI and identify corresponding functional consequences. Approach and Results: Platelets from patients experiencing ST-segment–elevation MI (STEMI) before and 3 days after treatment (n=30) and matched patients with severe stable coronary artery disease before and 3 days after coronary artery bypass grafting (n=25) underwent quantitative proteomic analysis. Elevations in the proteins S100A8 and S100A9 were detected at the time of STEMI compared with stable coronary artery disease (S100A8: FC, 2.00; false discovery rate, 0.05; S100A9: FC, 2.28; false discovery rate, 0.005). During STEMI, only S100A8 mRNA and protein levels were correlated in platelets (R=0.46, P=0.012). To determine whether de novo protein synthesis occurs, activated platelets were incubated with 13C-labeled amino acids for 24 hours and analyzed by mass spectrometry. No incorporation was confidently detected. Platelet S100A8 and S100A9 was strongly correlated with neutrophil abundance at the time of STEMI. When isolated platelets and neutrophils were coincubated under quiescent and activated conditions, release of S100A8 from neutrophils resulted in uptake of S100A8 by platelets. Neutrophils released S100A8/A9 as free heterodimer, rather than in vesicles or extracellular traps. In the community-based Bruneck study (n=338), plasma S100A8/A9 was inversely associated with platelet reactivity—an effect abrogated by aspirin. Conclusions: Leukocyte-to-platelet protein transfer may occur in a thromboinflammatory environment such as STEMI. Plasma S100A8/A9 was negatively associated with platelet reactivity. These findings highlight neutrophils as potential modifiers for thrombotic therapies in coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.).,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.J., A.M.)
| | - Lukas E Schmidt
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Ruifang Lu
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Melissa V Chan
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.V.C., P.C.A., T.D.W.)
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.V.C., P.C.A., T.D.W.)
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Clemens Gutmann
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (P.W., S.K., J.W.)
| | - Peter Santer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bruneck Hospital, Italy (P.S.)
| | - Temo Barwari
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Theofilatos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.)
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (P.W., S.K., J.W.).,Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria (S.K., J.W.)
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria (P.W., S.K., J.W.).,Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria (S.K., J.W.)
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.V.C., P.C.A., T.D.W.)
| | - Anthony Mathur
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.J., A.M.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, United Kingdom (A.J., L.E.S., S.A.B., R.L., F.B., C.G., T.B., K.T., M.M.).,Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary's University, London, United Kingdom (A.M.)
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Di Nunno V, Tosoni A, Lodi R, Brandes AA. Liquid Biopsy in Glioblastoma Management: From Current Research to Future Perspectives. Oncologist 2021; 26:865-878. [PMID: 34105205 PMCID: PMC8488799 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Arising from neuroepithelial glial cells, GBM is characterized by invasive behavior, extensive angiogenesis, and genetic heterogeneity that contributes to poor prognosis and treatment failure. Currently, there are several molecular biomarkers available to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment outcomes; however, all require the biopsy of tumor tissue. Nevertheless, a tissue sample from a single location has its own limitations, including the risk related to the procedure and the difficulty of obtaining longitudinal samples to monitor treatment response and to fully capture the intratumoral heterogeneity of GBM. To date, there are no biomarkers in blood or cerebrospinal fluid for detection, follow-up, or prognostication of GBM. Liquid biopsy offers an attractive and minimally invasive solution to support different stages of GBM management, assess the molecular biology of the tumor, identify early recurrence and longitudinal genomic evolution, predict both prognosis and potential resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and allow patient selection for targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to describe the current knowledge regarding the application of liquid biopsy in glioblastoma, highlighting both benefits and obstacles to translation into clinical care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: To translate liquid biopsy into clinical practice, further prospective studies are required with larger cohorts to increase specificity and sensitivity. With the ever-growing interest in RNA nanotechnology, microRNAs may have a therapeutic role in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)BolognaItaly
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
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30
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Cacic D, Nordgård O, Meyer P, Hervig T. Platelet Microparticles Decrease Daunorubicin-Induced DNA Damage and Modulate Intrinsic Apoptosis in THP-1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147264. [PMID: 34298882 PMCID: PMC8304976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets can modulate cancer through budding of platelet microparticles (PMPs) that can transfer a plethora of bioactive molecules to cancer cells upon internalization. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) this can induce chemoresistance, partially through a decrease in cell activity. Here we investigated if the internalization of PMPs protected the monocytic AML cell line, THP-1, from apoptosis by decreasing the initial cellular damage inflicted by treatment with daunorubicin, or via direct modulation of the apoptotic response. We examined whether PMPs could protect against apoptosis after treatment with a selection of inducers, primarily associated with either the intrinsic or the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and protection was restricted to the agents targeting intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, levels of daunorubicin-induced DNA damage, assessed by measuring gH2AX, were reduced in both 2N and 4N cells after PMP co-incubation. Measuring different BCL2-family proteins before and after treatment with daunorubicin revealed that PMPs downregulated the pro-apoptotic PUMA protein. Thus, our findings indicated that PMPs may protect AML cells against apoptosis by reducing DNA damage both dependent and independent of cell cycle phase, and via direct modulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by downregulating PUMA. These findings further support the clinical relevance of platelets and PMPs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cacic
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Oddmund Nordgård
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Peter Meyer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Stavanger University Hospital, 4068 Stavanger, Norway; (O.N.); (P.M.)
| | - Tor Hervig
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway;
- Laboratory of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, 5528 Haugesund, Norway
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31
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Hamad MA, Schanze N, Schommer N, Nührenberg T, Duerschmied D. Reticulated Platelets-Which Functions Have Been Established by In Vivo and In Vitro Data? Cells 2021; 10:cells10051172. [PMID: 34065800 PMCID: PMC8150321 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulated platelets (RP) are the youngest platelet fraction released into the circulation. These immature platelets have increased RNA content, a larger cell volume, more dense granules, higher levels of surface activation markers and are thought to be more reactive compared to their mature counterparts. RP have been associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and increased mortality. Yet only a few animal studies investigating RP have been conducted so far and further investigations are warranted. Established methods to count RP are flow cytometry (staining with thiazole orange or SYTO13) or fully automated hematology analyzers (immature platelet fraction, IPF). IPF has been established as a diagnostic parameter in thrombocytopenia, cardiovascular disease and, in particular, the response to antiplatelet therapy. This review seeks to provide an overview of the key features of RP as well as preanalytical and analytical aspects that need to be considered when working with this platelet population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz Ali Hamad
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (N.S.); (N.S.); (D.D.)
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-270-70470
| | - Nancy Schanze
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (N.S.); (N.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Nicolas Schommer
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (N.S.); (N.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Thomas Nührenberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany;
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (N.S.); (N.S.); (D.D.)
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Neu CT, Gutschner T, Haemmerle M. Post-Transcriptional Expression Control in Platelet Biogenesis and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207614. [PMID: 33076269 PMCID: PMC7589263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are highly abundant cell fragments of the peripheral blood that originate from megakaryocytes. Beside their well-known role in wound healing and hemostasis, they are emerging mediators of the immune response and implicated in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including cancer. Despite their anucleate nature, they harbor a diverse set of RNAs, which are subject to an active sorting mechanism from megakaryocytes into proplatelets and affect platelet biogenesis and function. However, sorting mechanisms are poorly understood, but RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been suggested to play a crucial role. Moreover, RBPs may regulate RNA translation and decay following platelet activation. In concert with other regulators, including microRNAs, long non-coding and circular RNAs, RBPs control multiple steps of the platelet life cycle. In this review, we will highlight the different RNA species within platelets and their impact on megakaryopoiesis, platelet biogenesis and platelet function. Additionally, we will focus on the currently known concepts of post-transcriptional control mechanisms important for RNA fate within platelets with a special emphasis on RBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin T. Neu
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Junior Research Group ‘RNA Biology and Pathogenesis’, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Monika Haemmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Section for Experimental Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-3964
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33
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Hille L, Lenz M, Vlachos A, Grüning B, Hein L, Neumann FJ, Nührenberg TG, Trenk D. Ultrastructural, transcriptional, and functional differences between human reticulated and non-reticulated platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2034-2046. [PMID: 32428354 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reticulated platelets (RP) are the youngest circulating platelets in blood. An increased amount of this subpopulation is associated with higher cardiovascular risk and mortality. OBJECTIVES It is unknown to what extent intrinsic properties of RP contribute to their hyperreactive features. This study is the first providing a multifactorial approach based on ultrastructural, transcriptional, and functional analysis of RP compared to non-RP sorted by flow cytometry. METHODS Reticulated platelets and non-RP were sorted after platelet staining with SYTO 13. Employing transmission electron microscopy, 1089 micrographs were analyzed for platelet size, amounts of intracellular structures, and anatomical surrogates indicating activation. Long and small RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were performed for analyzing differential gene expression. Functional analysis of P-selectin-an upregulated mRNA in RP-was performed in healthy subjects and patients on P2Y12 -inhibitors. RESULTS Electron micrographs uncovered distinct ultrastructural differences in RP versus non-RP. Cross sections were 1.9-fold larger in RP (P < .0001). Amounts of α-granules, dense granules, open canalicular system-openings, and mitochondria were increased in RP, which persisted after adjustment for platelet size. Long RNA-seq showed 1212 upregulated transcripts that are predominantly associated to platelet shape change, aggregation, and activation; 1264 mRNAs were downregulated in RP. Small RNA-seq did not reveal any differentially expressed transcripts. Functional analysis displayed higher P-selectin expression as compared to non-RP upon ADP- or TRAP-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that altered intrinsic structural and molecular properties contribute to the hyperreactivity of RP. These properties and an increased amount of RP may account for the association with cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hille
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Clinical Pharmacology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Björn Grüning
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Thomas G Nührenberg
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Clinical Pharmacology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology II, Clinical Pharmacology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Bad Krozingen, Germany
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Gutmann C, Joshi A, Mayr M. Platelet "-omics" in health and cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:87-96. [PMID: 32646580 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of platelets for cardiovascular disease was established as early as the 19th century. Their therapeutic inhibition stands alongside the biggest achievements in medicine. Still, certain aspects of platelet pathophysiology remain unclear. This includes platelet resistance to antiplatelet therapy and the contribution of platelets to vascular remodelling and extends beyond cardiovascular disease to haematological disorders and cancer. To address these gaps in our knowledge, a better understanding of the underlying molecular processes is needed. This will be enabled by technologies that capture dysregulated molecular processes and can integrate them into a broader network of biological systems. The advent of -omics technologies, such as mass spectrometry proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics; highly multiplexed affinity-based proteomics; microarray- or RNA-sequencing-(RNA-seq)-based transcriptomics, and most recently ribosome footprint-based translatomics, has enabled a more holistic understanding of platelet biology. Most of these methods have already been applied to platelets, and this review will summarise this information and discuss future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gutmann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.
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35
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Handtke S, Thiele T. Large and small platelets-(When) do they differ? J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:1256-1267. [PMID: 32108994 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelets are most important in providing cellular hemostasis but also take part in inflammation and immune processes. Increased platelet size has been regarded as a feature describing a young and more reactive subpopulation until studies were published which questioned this concept. Moreover, changes of platelet size given by the mean platelet volume (MPV) were described for immune thrombocytopenia, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, venous thromboembolism, chronic lung disease, sepsis, cancer-associated thrombosis, autoimmune disorders, and others. This review summarizes the literature on what is known about platelets with different size and describes controversies of studies with large and small platelets putting a focus on their thrombogenicity, age, and on the association of MPV with the mentioned diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Handtke
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Thiele
- Institut für Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Abteilung Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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36
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Kim CJ, Ki DY, Park J, Sunkara V, Kim TH, Min Y, Cho YK. Fully automated platelet isolation on a centrifugal microfluidic device for molecular diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:949-957. [PMID: 31989123 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play crucial roles in hemostasis and immunity. Over the last decades, clinical evidence has revealed the significance of platelets as complementary biomarkers for the detection and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Due to a lack of well standardized convenient isolation methods for platelets, pre-analytical factors such as complex handling procedures negatively impact the quality of the platelet samples, including overactivation, low purity, and poor reproducibility. This may lead to biased interpretation of various downstream analyses, such as proteomic and genomic analyses. Herein, we describe a fully automated lab-on-a-disc-based method of platelet isolation from a small volume of blood (<1 mL). This method provides higher yields (>4 folds) and purity (>99%) and lower platelet activation than the conventional method. Moreover, it was also superior in the detection of platelet-related RNAs CD41, PF4, and P2Y12 due to lower contamination with white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeob Ki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Park
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - YooHong Min
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea. and Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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37
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Bernlochner I, Klug M, Larasati D, Von Scheidt M, Santovito D, Hristov M, Weber C, Laugwitz KL, Bongiovanni D. Sorting and magnetic-based isolation of reticulated platelets from peripheral blood. Platelets 2020; 32:113-119. [PMID: 32046562 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1724923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reticulated Platelets (RPs) are large, RNA-rich, prothrombotic and hyperactive platelets known to be elevated in high-risk populations such as diabetics and patients with acute coronary syndrome. High levels of RPs correlate with mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease as well as with an insufficient antiplatelet response to thienopyridines and aspirin after percutaneous coronary interventions, making them an appealing drug target. However, processing of platelets is challenging and no specific marker for RPs exists. Until now, the gold standard laboratory-based method to study them is based on the flow cytometric measurement of their cell size and their RNA-content with the fluorescent dye Thiazole Orange (TO). Nevertheless, standardized protocols for staining and processing of RPs are missing and the existing techniques were not applied for cell sorting. We provide here a structured and reproducible method to detect, isolate and collect RPs from peripheral blood by RNA-specific staining with TO implementing several platelet inhibitors as well as magnetic labeling allowing sufficient cell recovery and deep biological investigation of these platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Bernlochner
- Medical Department 1, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany
| | - Melissa Klug
- Medical Department 1, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany
| | - Ditya Larasati
- Medical Department 1, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Von Scheidt
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany
| | - Donato Santovito
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hristov
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Medical Department 1, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- Medical Department 1, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technische Universität , Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
Reticulated platelets are immature platelets freshly released from the bone marrow into the circulation and contain vestigial amounts of ribonucleic acid. Thus, they can serve as an indicator for the activity of thrombopoiesis. Despite the current lack of a standardized reference method, two types of hematology analyzers have incorporated a fully automated measurement of reticulated platelets. The “immature platelet fraction” (IPF; Sysmex XE-/XN-series) has some clinical utility in the differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. This is less clear for “reticulated platelets” (retPLT; Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire/Alinity HQ). The usefulness of these parameters in the prediction of platelet recovery after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation and as a decision aid for platelet transfusions has not been unequivocally confirmed. Recent findings have shown an association of reticulated platelets with an adverse risk in patients with coronary artery disease and stroke as well as resistance to anti-platelet therapy. Furthermore, a role of reticulated platelets for the prediction of sepsis was indicated. However, validation in larger prospective trials is necessary to establish the clinical benefit of reticulated platelets in these conditions. This review gives an overview of the available analytical methods and summarizes the current knowledge regarding the clinical application of reticulated platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Meintker
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefan W. Krause
- Department of Medicine 5 for Hematology and Oncology , University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
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39
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Functional properties of human platelets derived in vitro from CD34 + cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:914. [PMID: 31969609 PMCID: PMC6976668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro production of blood platelets for transfusion purposes is an important goal in the context of a sustained demand for controlled products free of infectious, immune and inflammatory risks. The aim of this study was to characterize human platelets derived from CD34+ progenitors and to evaluate their hemostatic properties. These cultured platelets exhibited a typical discoid morphology despite an enlarged size and expressed normal levels of the major surface glycoproteins. They aggregated in response to ADP and a thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP). After infusion into NSG mice, cultured and native platelets circulated with a similar 24 h half-life. Notably, the level of circulating cultured platelets remained constant during the first two hours following infusion. During this period of time their size decreased to reach normal values, probably due to their remodeling in the pulmonary circulation, as evidenced by the presence of numerous twisted platelet elements in the lungs. Finally, cultured platelets were capable of limiting blood loss in a bleeding assay performed in thrombocytopenic mice. In conclusion, we show here that cultured platelets derived from human CD34+ cells display the properties required for use in transfusion, opening the way to clinical trials.
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40
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Rondina MT, Voora D, Simon LM, Schwertz H, Harper JF, Lee O, Bhatlekar SC, Li Q, Eustes AS, Montenont E, Campbell RA, Tolley ND, Kosaka Y, Weyrich AS, Bray PF, Rowley JW. Longitudinal RNA-Seq Analysis of the Repeatability of Gene Expression and Splicing in Human Platelets Identifies a Platelet SELP Splice QTL. Circ Res 2019; 126:501-516. [PMID: 31852401 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Longitudinal studies are required to distinguish within versus between-individual variation and repeatability of gene expression. They are uniquely positioned to decipher genetic signal from environmental noise, with potential application to gene variant and expression studies. However, longitudinal analyses of gene expression in healthy individuals-especially with regards to alternative splicing-are lacking for most primary cell types, including platelets. OBJECTIVE To assess repeatability of gene expression and splicing in platelets and use repeatability to identify novel platelet expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and splice QTLs. METHODS AND RESULTS We sequenced the transcriptome of platelets isolated repeatedly up to 4 years from healthy individuals. We examined within and between individual variation and repeatability of platelet RNA expression and exon skipping, a readily measured alternative splicing event. We find that platelet gene expression is generally stable between and within-individuals over time-with the exception of a subset of genes enriched for the inflammation gene ontology. We show an enrichment among repeatable genes for associations with heritable traits, including known and novel platelet expression QTLs. Several exon skipping events were also highly repeatable, suggesting heritable patterns of splicing in platelets. One of the most repeatable was exon 14 skipping of SELP. Accordingly, we identify rs6128 as a platelet splice QTL and define an rs6128-dependent association between SELP exon 14 skipping and race. In vitro experiments demonstrate that this single nucleotide variant directly affects exon 14 skipping and changes the ratio of transmembrane versus soluble P-selectin protein production. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the platelet transcriptome is generally stable over 4 years. We demonstrate the use of repeatability of gene expression and splicing to identify novel platelet expression QTLs and splice QTLs. rs6128 is a platelet splice QTL that alters SELP exon 14 skipping and soluble versus transmembrane P-selectin protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Rondina
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- George E. Wahlen VAMC Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center (M.T.R.)
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Durham, NC (D.V.)
| | - Lukas M Simon
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany (L.M.S.)
| | - Hansjörg Schwertz
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City (H.S.)
| | - Julie F Harper
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Olivia Lee
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Seema C Bhatlekar
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Qing Li
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah (Q.L.)
| | - Alicia S Eustes
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Emilie Montenont
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Robert A Campbell
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Neal D Tolley
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kosaka
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Andrew S Weyrich
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Paul F Bray
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
| | - Jesse W Rowley
- From the Molecular Medicine Program (M.T.R., H.S., J.F.H., O.L., S.C.B., A.S.E., E.M., R.A.C., N.D.T., Y.K., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.R., H.S., R.A.C., A.S.W., P.F.B., J.W.R.)
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41
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Hartman RJG, Korporaal SJA, Mokry M, de Jager SCA, Meeuwsen JAL, van der Laan SW, Lansu NR, Zoet GA, Pasterkamp G, Urbanus RT, Hoefer IE, Franx A, Velthuis BK, van Rijn BB, den Ruijter HM. Platelet RNA modules point to coronary calcification in asymptomatic women with former preeclampsia. Atherosclerosis 2019; 291:114-121. [PMID: 31706077 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Women who develop preeclampsia during pregnancy are at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease. As platelets are affected by preeclampsia, we set out to identify whether platelets carry information in their transcriptome on cardiovascular risk in women with former preeclampsia. METHODS Platelets were isolated from asymptomatic women with previous preeclampsia, who underwent screening with coronary computed tomography angiography. Platelet RNA was isolated and used to construct gene networks using an unbiased approach. Platelet gene modules assembled from the network were related to risk factors and clinical traits of these women, including coronary artery calcium scores (CACS). RESULTS We found multiple gene modules which correlated with CACS (correlation coefficients: 0.44 to 0.59, p = 0.05 to 0.007). The genes from two clinically relevant modules were expressed at a higher level in the group with calcifications (p = 3.9 × 10-10 and 0.02) and enriched for platelet-related gene-sets such as platelet activation. The first of these modules was also enriched (ppermutation = 0.0546) for genes mapped to known coronary artery disease susceptibility loci. Additional unbiased network analyses in platelet RNA of patients with overt cardiovascular disease underlined the importance of the identified modules for disease by high preservation. (p = 1.6 × 10-9 to 1.7 × 10-47). CONCLUSIONS We found platelet RNA modules that correlated with CACS in asymptomatic women with previous preeclampsia. Whether or not platelets directly contribute to this disease trajectory, or reflect the underlying plaque substrate remains to be determined, but enrichment for coronary artery disease susceptibility genes emphasizes the importance for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J G Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne J A Korporaal
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John A L Meeuwsen
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico R Lansu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerbrand A Zoet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Van Creveldkliniek, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Laboratory for Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta K Velthuis
- Department of Radiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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42
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Salzmann M, Schrottmaier WC, Kral-Pointner JB, Mussbacher M, Volz J, Hoesel B, Moser B, Bleichert S, Morava S, Nieswandt B, Schmid JA, Assinger A. Genetic platelet depletion is superior in platelet transfusion compared to current models. Haematologica 2019; 105:1738-1749. [PMID: 31537686 PMCID: PMC7271594 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified mice have advanced our knowledge on platelets in hemostasis and beyond tremendously. However, mouse models harbor certain limitations, including availability of platelet specific transgenic strains, and off-target effects on other cell types. Transfusion of genetically modified platelets into thrombocytopenic mice circumvents these problems. Additionally, ex vivo treatment of platelets prior to transfusion eliminates putative side effects on other cell types. Thrombocytopenia is commonly induced by administration of anti-platelet antibodies, which opsonize platelets to cause rapid clearance. However, antibodies do not differentiate between endogenous or exogenous platelets, impeding transfusion efficacy. In contrast, genetic depletion with the inducible diphtheria toxin receptor (iDTR) system induces thrombocytopenia via megakaryocyte ablation without direct effects on circulating platelets. We compared the iDTR system with antibody-based depletion methods regarding their utility in platelet transfusion experiments, outlining advantages and disadvantages of both approaches. Antibodies led to thrombocytopenia within two hours and allowed the dose-dependent adjustment of the platelet count. The iDTR model caused complete thrombocytopenia within four days, which could be sustained for up to 11 days. Neither platelet depletion approach caused platelet activation. Only the iDTR model allowed efficient platelet transfusion by keeping endogenous platelet levels low and maintaining exogenous platelet levels over longer time periods, thus providing clear advantages over antibody-based methods. Transfused platelets were fully functional in vivo, and our model allowed examination of transgenic platelets. Using donor platelets from already available genetically modified mice or ex vivo treated platelets, may decrease the necessity of platelet-specific mouse strains, diminishing off-target effects and thereby reducing animal numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Volz
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Morava
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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43
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Angénieux C, Dupuis A, Gachet C, de la Salle H, Maître B. Cell surface expression of HLA I molecules as a marker of young platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:1511-1521. [PMID: 31207003 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate identification of the proportion of young platelets is important to distinguish peripheral thrombocytopenia from a deficit in platelet production. Young platelets are defined by their higher RNA content and are often assessed as thiazole orange bright (TObright ) by flow cytometry. In clinical practice, their proportion is estimated by automatic blood counter according to their greater RNA content, which identifies a so-called immature platelet fraction (IPF). However, the detected IPFs are not strictly identical to the young TObright platelet population observed by flow cytometry. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of HLA I/major histocompatibility I (MHC I) cell surface expression as a marker of young platelets. METHODS The HLA I/MHC I expression was evaluated by flow cytometry after costaining blood with TO and antibodies directed against HLA I/MHC I molecules. RESULTS We found that platelets with a higher expression of plasma membrane-localized MHC I molecules displayed an increased TO staining and a higher content in ribosomal P-antigen. Transfusion experiments in mice showed that the number of MHC I molecules expressed on the cell surface of young murine platelets decreased during platelet aging, reaching basal levels within 24 h. Finally, we demonstrated that for patients with thrombocytopenias, the identification of young platelets is better assessed by the flow cytometric determination of the level of HLA I expression than by TO staining or the use of hematological blood counter. CONCLUSION Overall, our results highlight the relevance of MHC I/HLA I expression as a valuable parameter to identify young platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Angénieux
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri de la Salle
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Blandine Maître
- UMR_S1255, INSERM, Strasbourg, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Grand Est, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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44
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Mezger M, Nording H, Sauter R, Graf T, Heim C, von Bubnoff N, Ensminger SM, Langer HF. Platelets and Immune Responses During Thromboinflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1731. [PMID: 31402914 PMCID: PMC6676797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides mediating hemostatic functions, platelets are increasingly recognized as important players of inflammation. Data from experiments in mice and men revealed various intersection points between thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation, which are addressed and discussed in this review in detail. One such example is the intrinsic coagulation cascade that is initiated after platelet activation thereby further propagating and re-enforcing wound healing or thrombus formation but also contributing to the pathophysiology of severe diseases. FXII of the intrinsic pathway connects platelet activation with the coagulation cascade during immune reactions. It can activate the contact system thereby either creating an inflammatory state or accelerating inflammation. Recent insights into platelet biology could show that platelets are equipped with complement receptors. Platelets are important for tissue remodeling after injury has been inflicted to the endothelial barrier and to the subendothelial tissue. Thus, platelets are increasingly recognized as more than just cells relevant for bleeding arrest. Future insights into platelet biology are to be expected. This research will potentially offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention in diseases featuring platelet abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mezger
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henry Nording
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tobias Graf
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Heim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephan M Ensminger
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- University Hospital, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
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45
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Zhang H, Zhang BM, Guo X, Xu L, You X, West RB, Bussel JB, Zehnder JL. Blood transcriptome and clonal T-cell correlates of response and non-response to eltrombopag therapy in a cohort of patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2019; 105:e129-e132. [PMID: 31296576 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.226688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bing M Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiangqian Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Liwen Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqing You
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert B West
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James B Bussel
- Platelet Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - James L Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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46
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Brake MA, Ivanciu L, Maroney SA, Martinez ND, Mast AE, Westrick RJ. Assessing Blood Clotting and Coagulation Factors in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 9:e61. [PMID: 30875463 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian blood coagulation system was designed to restrict blood loss due to injury as well as keep the blood fluid within the blood vessels of the organism. Blood coagulation activity in inbred mouse strains varies widely among strains, suggesting that many genomic variants affect hemostasis. Some of these molecules have been discovered and characterized; however, many are still unknown. Genetically modified mouse technologies are providing a plethora of new mouse models for investigating the regulation of blood coagulation. Here we provide a protocol for the tail bleeding time as a primary assessment of in vivo blood coagulation, as well as in vitro methods such as the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin generation assay. We also provide protocols for the assessment of the activities of specific known factors involved in blood coagulation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Brake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Lacramioara Ivanciu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Divison of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicolas D Martinez
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alan E Mast
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Randal J Westrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan.,Center for Data Science and Big Data Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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48
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Nührenberg TG, Cederqvist M, Marini F, Stratz C, Grüning BA, Trenk D, Binder H, Gilsbach R, Neumann FJ, Hein L. Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Has No Major Influence on the Platelet Transcriptome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8989252. [PMID: 30519591 PMCID: PMC6241365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8989252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with increased platelet reactivity as well as increased levels of platelet RNAs in plasma. Here, we sought to evaluate whether the platelet transcriptome is altered in the presence of uncontrolled DM. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on platelet RNA for 5 patients with uncontrolled DM (HbA1c 9.0%) and 5 control patients (HbA1c 5.5%) with otherwise similar clinical characteristics. RNA was isolated from leucocyte-depleted platelet-rich plasma. Libraries of platelet RNAs were created separately for long RNAs after ribosomal depletion and for small RNAs from total RNA, followed by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Platelets in both groups demonstrated RNA expression profiles characterized by absence of leukocyte-specific transcripts, high expression of well-known platelet transcripts, and in total 6,343 consistently detectable transcripts. Extensive statistical bioinformatic analysis yielded 12 genes with consistently differential expression at a lenient FDR < 0.1, thereof 8 protein-coding genes and 2 genes with known expression in platelets (MACF1 and ITGB3BP). Three of the four differentially expressed noncoding genes were YRNAs (RNY1, RNY3, and RNY4) which were all downregulated in DM. 23 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two groups. Of the 13 miRNAs with decreased expression in the diabetic group, 8 belonged to the DLK1-DIO3 gene region on chromosome 14q32.2. CONCLUSIONS In this study, uncontrolled DM had a remote impact on different components of the platelet transcriptome. Increased expression of MACF1, together with supporting predicted mRNA-miRNA interactions as well as reduced expression of RNYs in platelets, may reflect subclinical platelet activation in uncontrolled DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Nührenberg
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, D-79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Marco Cederqvist
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, D-79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Federico Marini
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, D-55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Stratz
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, D-79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Björn A. Grüning
- Institut für Informatik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Trenk
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, D-79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Harald Binder
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik (IMBI), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Neumann
- Universitäts-Herzzentrum Freiburg, Bad Krozingen, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie II, D-79189 Bad Krozingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Microtubule plus-end tracking Adenopolyposis Coli negatively regulates proplatelet formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15808. [PMID: 30361531 PMCID: PMC6202313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are produced upon profound reorganization of mature megakaryocytes (MK) leading to proplatelet elongation and release into the blood stream, a process termed thrombopoiesis. This highly dynamic process requires microtubules (MT) reorganization by mechanisms that are still incompletely understood. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is a microtubule plus-end tracking protein involved in the regulation of MT in a number of cell systems and its inactivation has been reported to alter hematopoiesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of APC in megakaryopoiesis and the final steps of platelet formation. Down-regulation of APC in cultured human MK by RNA interference increased endomitosis and the proportion of cells able to extend proplatelets (68.8% (shAPC1) and 52.5% (shAPC2) vs 28.1% in the control). Similarly an increased ploidy and amplification of the proplatelet network were observed in MK differentiated from Lin- cells of mice with APC-deficiency in the MK lineage. In accordance, these mice exhibited increased platelet counts when compared to wild type mice (1,323 ± 111 vs 919 ± 52 platelets/µL; n = 12 p 0.0033**). Their platelets had a normal size, ultrastructure and number of microtubules coils and their main functions were also preserved. Loss of APC resulted in lower levels of acetylated tubulin and decreased activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, APC appears as an important regulator of proplatelet formation and overall thrombopoiesis.
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Nagareddy PR, Noothi SK, Flynn MC, Murphy AJ. It's reticulated: the liver at the heart of atherosclerosis. J Endocrinol 2018; 238:R1-R11. [PMID: 29720539 PMCID: PMC7065032 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in both the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, and even more so in the ensuing atherothrombotic complications. Low-dose aspirin remains the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy in high-risk patients by reducing the risk of myocardial ischemia, stroke or death due to cardiovascular disease. However, antiplatelet therapies lose their efficacy in people with diabetes mellitus, increasing the risk of future atherothrombotic events. The molecular mechanisms that promote platelet hyperactivity remain unclear but could be due to glycation-induced conformational changes of platelet membranes resulting in impaired aspirin entry or less-efficient acetylation/compensatory increase in COX-2 expression in newborn platelets. Emerging evidence from our laboratory and elsewhere suggest that enhanced platelet turnover (thrombopoiesis), particularly the production of immature reticulated platelets from the bone marrow, could contribute to atherosclerotic complications. We have identified a major role for neutrophil-derived S100A8/A9, a damage-associated molecular pattern, in driving reticulated thrombopoiesis by directly interacting with its receptors on Kupffer cells in the liver. In this review, we discuss the role of hepatic inflammation in driving reticulated platelet production and suggest potential targets to control their production, improve efficacy of current antiplatelet therapies and reduce the risk of atherothrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Nutrition SciencesUniversity of Alabama, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michelle C Flynn
- Division of ImmunometabolismBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of ImmunologyMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Division of ImmunometabolismBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of ImmunologyMonash University, Melbourne, Australia
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