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Colas-Rosas PF, Rezende C, Silva LP, de Melo FR. First record of the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Primates 2023:10.1007/s10329-023-01071-y. [PMID: 37233857 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-023-01071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Critically Endangered southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) and its sister taxon the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) are endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. To date, our understanding of the distribution of the southern muriqui has restricted it to the states of Paraná, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. The northern muriqui occurs in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, and Bahia. Here, we describe the first record of the southern muriqui in Minas Gerais. A group of seven individuals, including one infant, was detected and photographed on a private property in the district of Monte Verde, municipality of Camanducaia, on the northwestern slope of the Serra da Mantiqueira. This location is 5.3 km from a population of southern muriquis (known since 1994) on the southeastern slope of the serra in São Paulo. This discovery highlights the importance of further surveys in the Serra da Mantiqueira in order to detect any new populations, provide data for a more accurate assessment of the conservation status of the two species-the delimitation of their distributions, the size and extent of isolation of their populations, and the threats they face.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa P Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Strier KB, Melo FR, Mendes SL, Valença-Montenegro MM, Rylands AB, Mittermeier RA, Jerusalinsky L. Science, Policy, and Conservation Management for a Critically Endangered Primate in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. FRONTIERS IN CONSERVATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.734183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-standing concerns about the status of the world's endangered primates have stimulated significant international efforts, such as the primate action plans published by the Primate Specialist Group of the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Species Survival Commission. However, national-level action plans that bring together diverse scientific experts, non-governmental organizations, and governmental agencies to focus on improving the status of endangered species are generally rare. Here, we highlight one such plan published a decade ago, the Brazilian National Action Plan for the Conservation of Muriquis, which promoted the integration of scientific findings about the behavioral ecology, demography, and genetics of northern muriquis with conservation measures supported by the Brazilian government. This plan provided a holistic framework for the development of an effective national strategy that has contributed to significant advances in research and management applied to the conservation of this Critically Endangered species. We hope that this model for muriquis will stimulate conservationists around the world to pursue integrative national-level sponsorship of action plans on behalf of other endangered species.
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6
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Chaves PB, Magnus T, Jerusalinsky L, Talebi M, Strier KB, Breves P, Tabacow F, Teixeira RHF, Moreira L, Hack ROE, Milagres A, Pissinatti A, de Melo FR, Pessutti C, Mendes SL, Margarido TC, Fagundes V, Di Fiore A, Bonatto SL. Phylogeographic evidence for two species of muriqui (genus Brachyteles). Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23066. [PMID: 31736121 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of muriquis, the largest extant primates in the New World, is controversial. While some specialists argue for a monotypic genus (Brachyteles arachnoides), others favor a two-species classification, splitting northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) from southern muriquis (B. arachnoides). This uncertainty affects how we study the differences between these highly endangered and charismatic primates, as well as the design of more effective conservation programs. To address this issue, between 2003 and 2017 we collected over 230 muriqui fecal samples across the genus' distribution in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, extracted DNA from these samples, and sequenced 423 base pairs of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses of our sequence dataset robustly support two reciprocally monophyletic groups corresponding to northern and southern muriquis separated by an average 12.7% genetic distance. The phylogeographic break between these lineages seems to be associated with the Paraíba do Sul River and coincides with the transition between the north and south Atlantic Forest biogeographic zones. Published divergence estimates from whole mitochondrial genomes and nuclear loci date the split between northern and southern muriquis to the Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.0 mya), and our new mtDNA dataset places the coalescence time for each of these two clades near the last interglacial (ca. 120-80 kya). Our results, together with both phenotypic and ecological differences, support recognizing northern and southern muriquis as sister species that should be managed as distinct evolutionarily significant units. Given that only a few thousand muriquis remain in nature, it is imperative that conservation strategies are tailored to protect both species from extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo B Chaves
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York
| | - Tielli Magnus
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maurício Talebi
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação (LECON), Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Muriqui, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paula Breves
- Diretoria de Biodiversidade, Sociedade Ecoatlântica, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tabacow
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo H F Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Animais Selvagens, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Moreira
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson O E Hack
- Divisão de Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Recursos Ambientais, Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento (Lactec), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento e Instituto de Engenharia do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriana Milagres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Estadual do Ambiente, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano R de Melo
- Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cecília Pessutti
- Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Tereza C Margarido
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Conservação da Fauna, Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Valéria Fagundes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, Primate Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sandro L Bonatto
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bogoni JA, Pires JSR, Graipel ME, Peroni N, Peres CA. Wish you were here: How defaunated is the Atlantic Forest biome of its medium- to large-bodied mammal fauna? PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204515. [PMID: 30252909 PMCID: PMC6155554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals represent the largest-bodied elements of the world's surviving megafauna and provide several key ecosystems services, yet their populations are often under steep decline throughout the tropics. Anthropogenic defaunation is one the most important contemporary threats to modern mammal faunas. Although the Atlantic Forest biome of South America shows several clear signs of defaunation, the extent to which this biome has lost its mammal fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we collate and analyze a comprehensive body of secondary data to quantitatively assess the spatial patterns of defaunation of all medium- to large-bodied Atlantic Forest mammals which were then classed by morpho-ecological traits. We used a Defaunation Index, which was scaled-up to the entire biome using kriging interpolation, to examine the integrity of site-specific mammal faunas. We further use environmental and socioeconomic predictors to explain the drivers of defaunation. Our results show high levels of defaunation (>0.5) for most of the Atlantic Forest. Apex predators, other carnivores, large-bodied mammals and large herbivores were among the most defaunated functional groups. Remaining native vegetation cover, forest fragment size, and the largest neighboring forest remnant were the main negative predictors of defaunation. We conclude that medium- to large-bodied Atlantic Forest mammals are under high levels of threat due to historical population losses that continue today. A conservation action plan thus becomes imperative to prevent this biome from becoming an even "emptier forest", severely compromising patterns of diversity, ecological processes and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano André Bogoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Laboratório de Ecologia, Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre (LEMaC), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Salatiel Rodrigues Pires
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maurício Eduardo Graipel
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Demographic monitoring of wild muriqui populations: Criteria for defining priority areas and monitoring intensity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188922. [PMID: 29236726 PMCID: PMC5728487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic data are essential to assessments of the status of endangered species. However, establishing an integrated monitoring program to obtain useful data on contemporary and future population trends requires both the identification of priority areas and populations and realistic evaluations of the kinds of data that can be obtained under different monitoring regimes. We analyzed all known populations of a critically endangered primate, the muriqui (genus: Brachyteles) using population size, genetic uniqueness, geographic importance (including potential importance in corridor programs) and implementability scores to define monitoring priorities. Our analyses revealed nine priority populations for the northern muriqui (B. hypoxanthus) and nine for the southern muriqui (B. arachnoides). In addition, we employed knowledge of muriqui developmental and life history characteristics to define the minimum monitoring intensity needed to evaluate demographic trends along a continuum ranging from simple descriptive changes in population size to predictions of population changes derived from individual based life histories. Our study, stimulated by the Brazilian government's National Action Plan for the Conservation of Muriquis, is fundamental to meeting the conservation goals for this genus, and also provides a model for defining priorities and methods for the implementation of integrated demographic monitoring programs for other endangered and critically endangered species of primates.
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New records, potential distribution, and conservation of the Near Threatened cave bat Natalus macrourus in Brazil. ORYX 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605316001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSpecies with specific roosting, foraging or breeding requirements are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation. For bats, the availability and environmental condition of caves can be a limiting factor. The cave specialist Natalus macrourus (formerly Natalus espiritosantensis) is categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List but as Vulnerable in Brazil, based on a projected population reduction and a decline in its area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat. There is a lack of knowledge about the species’ distribution, natural history and ecology, information that is required for conservation. Using new occurrence data and potential distribution modelling we evaluated the distribution of N. macrourus in Brazil, analysed pressures on and threats to the species, and assessed the species’ conservation needs. Natalus macrourus is positively associated with areas with higher probability of cave occurrence and negatively associated with areas of high variation in mean daily temperature and mean annual rainfall. Areas with high environmental suitability for N. macrourus correspond to only 3% of the potential distribution modelled. We estimate that the species has already lost 54% of its natural habitat and that there is < 35% of habitat remaining in areas with high environmental suitability. We calculated that approximately half of the caves in areas with high environmental suitability are < 5 km from mining operations and only 4% of the species’ potential distribution lies within protected areas. Given the strong association of N. macrourus with caves, it is important to protect these habitats, and we recommend that caves where the species is present should receive immediate protection.
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11
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Galetti M, Brocardo CR, Begotti RA, Hortenci L, Rocha-Mendes F, Bernardo CSS, Bueno RS, Nobre R, Bovendorp RS, Marques RM, Meirelles F, Gobbo SK, Beca G, Schmaedecke G, Siqueira T. Defaunation and biomass collapse of mammals in the largest Atlantic forest remnant. Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
- Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University; Ny Munkegade 114 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - C. R. Brocardo
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - R. A. Begotti
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - L. Hortenci
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - F. Rocha-Mendes
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - C. S. S. Bernardo
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - R. S. Bueno
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - R. Nobre
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - R. S. Bovendorp
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - R. M. Marques
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - F. Meirelles
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - S. K. Gobbo
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - G. Beca
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - G. Schmaedecke
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
| | - T. Siqueira
- Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rio Claro Brazil
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