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Zhu J, Liu L, Wu J, Bai L. Rodent models for dry eye syndrome (DES). Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2025; 48:102383. [PMID: 39956692 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2025.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025]
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a range of ophthalmic conditions characterized by compromised tear film homeostasis, resulting from various pathological factors and primarily manifesting as ocular discomfort and impaired ocular surface integrity. With the rise in screen time due to modern lifestyles, the prevalence of DES is increasing annually, posing a significant global public health challenge. Pathophysiologically, DES involves damage to the lacrimal functional unit (LFU), including the lacrimal glands, meibomian glands, and corneoconjunctival epithelium, highlighting its multifactorial etiology. Current treatments mainly focus on artificial tears for moisture replacement and anti-inflammatory therapies, but both are limited. Consequently, animal models are crucial for understanding the complex pathological mechanisms of DES and identifying potential therapeutic agents. Rodent eyes, with their structural and physiological similarities to human eyes and cost-effectiveness, have become widely used in DES research. This manuscript reviews the current understanding of DES pathogenesis and rodent models, discussing their strengths, weaknesses, and relevant genetic models. The aim is to furnish critical insights and provide a scholarly resource to propel future investigative endeavors into the pathogenesis of and therapy for DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lang Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Liu J, Jiang E, Kim H, Moon J, Yoon HJ, Yoon KC. Beneficial Effect of Rebamipide Eye Drops on Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Ocular Surface. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2025. [PMID: 40293740 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We evaluated the capacity of rebamipide (REB) to alleviate corneal epithelial damage induced via blue light (BL) exposure. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to BL (410 nm, 100 J) twice daily for 10 days. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1 untreated and 4 groups receiving BL exposure ± different topical treatments: BL exposure alone, carboxymethylcellulose, 5% N-acetylcysteine, and REB. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) protein was analyzed. Apoptotic cells were detected, inflammatory cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histopathological changes in the cornea were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The REB group demonstrated significantly lower BL exposure-induced ROS levels (P < 0.01) and BAX expression (P < 0.01) than the BL group. The number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were lower in the REB group than in the BL group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, ELISA analysis revealed significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the REB group relative to BL group levels (P < 0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed preservation of corneal epithelial thickness. Conclusions: Rebamipide alleviated BL-induced oxidative damage to ocular surfaces by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting apoptosis, and suppressing inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Enying Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjee Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Dong-Gu, Republic of Korea
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Ouyang W, Yan D, Hu J, Liu Z. Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:398. [PMID: 39242592 PMCID: PMC11379830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye, recognized as the most prevalent ocular surface disorder, has risen to prominence as a significant public health issue, adversely impacting the quality of life for individuals across the globe. Despite decades of extensive research into the chronic inflammation that characterizes dry eye, the intricate mechanisms fueling this persistent inflammatory state remain incompletely understood. Among the various cellular components under investigation, mitochondria-essential for cellular energy production and homeostasis-have attracted increasing attention for their role in dry eye pathogenesis. This involvement points to mechanisms such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and sustained inflammation, which are central to the progression of the disease. This review aims to provide a thorough exploration of mitochondrial dysfunction in dry eye, shedding light on the critical roles played by mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial DNA damage. It delves into the mechanisms through which diverse pathogenic factors may trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby contributing to the onset and exacerbation of dry eye. Furthermore, it lays the groundwork for an overview of current therapeutic strategies that specifically target mitochondrial dysfunction, underscoring their potential in managing this complex condition. By spotlighting this burgeoning area of research, our review seeks to catalyze the development of innovative drug discovery and therapeutic approaches. The ultimate goal is to unlock promising avenues for the future management of dry eye, potentially revolutionizing treatment paradigms and improving patient outcomes. Through this comprehensive examination, we endeavor to enrich the scientific community's understanding of dry eye and inspire novel interventions that address the underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions contributing to this widespread disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Ouyang
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaoyue Hu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Xiamen University affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine of Xiamen University, Department of Ophthalmology of Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Dang Y, Zhang M, Wei Y, Duan N, Zhang L, Liu R, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Li L. Comparison of the different operation room environmental exposures on tear film function before and after operation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24530. [PMID: 38312582 PMCID: PMC10835182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
1.2 Previous studies have confirmed that air and light pollution can cause damage to a number of systems throughout the body, including the ocular surface and retina. However, the exact effect of air pollution and light pollution on tear film function is not clear. This study explored the different operation room environmental exposures on tear film function before and after operation. Sixty medical staff in the operating room were selected and divided into 4 groups according to different surgical methods to evaluate the tear film function before and after operation: Da Vinci surgery group (DVSS), Laparoscopic surgery group (LS), Traditional surgery group (TS), and Ophthalmic microsurgery group (OM). The results showed that the levels of light and air pollution were elevated in operating rooms during the operation and the changes of tear film function in the other three groups were statistically significant except for DVSS group. In TS group, particulate matter (pm) 1 (R = 0.61, p < 0.01), pm2.5 (R = 0.63, p < 0.01), and pm10 (R = 0.67, p < 0.01) were positively correlated with eye redness index, and first and average noninvasive tear film break-up times were positively correlated with illuminance (R = 0.54, p < 0.05; R = 0.97, p < 0.01). In OM group, there was a positive correlation between the operation time and the first (R = 0.69, p < 0.01) and average (R = 0.89, p < 0.01) noninvasive tear film break-up times. Our research found that exposure to different operating room environment will lead to damage of tear film function, but also provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of surgical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanqiang Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rujia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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Pang Y, Cao T, Hu H, Peng Z, Xu K, Jiang Y, Wang F, Jin M, Zeng L, Zhang X. Therapeutic effects of low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes on dry eye. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300188. [PMID: 37654080 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a new technology for treating dry eye diseases, phototherapy has attracted great attention, but the research on its safety and effectiveness is limited. In this study, the therapeutic effects of low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes on dry eye in humans, rabbits, and rats were investigated. METHODS In clinical experiments, subjects in both groups read the same paper for 3 h under light sources of two color temperatures: 1900 K (low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes) or 4000 K (artificial fluorescent white light-emitting diodes). The differences in the non-invasive tear film breakup time, tear meniscus height, and conjunctival congestion scores before and after the experiment were compared between the two groups. In animal experiments, corneal epithelial barrier function and tear production of Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand white rabbits with dry eye were compared before and after low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes treatment. TUNEL staining and Western blotting were used to detect the apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival cells and the expression of inflammatory factor IL-1β. RESULTS Low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes prolonged tear film breakup time in patients with dry eye. Moreover, it increased tear secretion, decreased fluorescein sodium staining scores, corneal and conjunctival cell apoptosis, and inflammatory factor expression in rabbits and rats with dry eye. CONCLUSIONS Low-color-temperature light-emitting diodes phototherapy can be used as an effective treatment for dry eye, reducing its symptoms and related ocular surface damage in humans, rabbits, and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhida Peng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Nanchang University School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Influence of Light-EmittingDiode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Rat Ocular Surface. J Ophthalmol 2023; 2023:1097704. [PMID: 36660316 PMCID: PMC9845051 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1097704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate the effect of overexposure to blue light on the rat ocular surface and explore the potential mechanisms. 450 nm light-emitting diode (LED) derived light at 1000 lux was used to irradiate SD rats, 12 hours a day, for consecutive 28 days. Rats in the control group were exposed to 400 lux white light at the same time (in an indoor environment). Tear film breakup time (TBUT), tear volume, and corneal fluorescein staining scores were used to measure the changes to the ocular surface. Expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inhibitor-κB (I-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by real-time PCR, and the activation of the NF-κB pathway was detected by Western blotting, respectively. Cornea ultrastructure was examined by TEM and optical microscope on day 28. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway, was used to measure the inhibition of blue light injury. The above indexes were detected again when compared with the solvent-treated group. On day 28, compared with day 0, the TBUT of the blue light group was significantly shorter, and the score was significantly higher. The amount of tear secretion changed slightly with time. HE and PAS staining revealed significantly decreased corneal epithelial cell layers and increased goblet cells after 28-day irradiation of blue light. Disarranged stromal cells, vacuoles in the basal nuclei, and decreased desmosomes were also found in the blue light group. Significantly increased levels of NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, and the ratio of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (pNF-κB p65) to total NF-κB p65 implied blue light-induced damage and pathway activation. In addition, PDTC significantly reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB activated in blue light-treated corneas and alleviated the ocular surface changes caused by blue light. Finally, our results demonstrated that long-term blue light exposure in rats could cause ocular surface changes and manifest as dry eye. Inflammation and activation of the NF-κB pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis.
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Wong NA, Bahmani H. A review of the current state of research on artificial blue light safety as it applies to digital devices. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10282. [PMID: 36042717 PMCID: PMC9420367 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is necessary for human health and well-being. As we spend more time indoors, we are being increasingly exposed to artificial light. The development of artificial lighting has allowed us to control the brightness, colour, and timing of our light exposure. Yet, the widespread use of artificial light has raised concerns about the impact of altering our light environment on our health. The widespread adoption of personal digital devices over the past decade has exposed us to yet another source of artificial light. We spend a significant amount of time using digital devices with light-emitting screens, including smartphones and tablets, at close range. The light emitted from these devices, while appearing white, has an emission spectrum with a peak in the blue range. Blue light is often characterised as hazardous as its photon energy is higher than that of other wavelengths of visible light. Under certain conditions, visible blue light can cause harm to the retina and other ocular structures. Blue light can also influence the circadian rhythm and processes mediated by melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. While the blue component of sunlight is necessary for various physiological processes, whether the low-illuminance artificial blue light emitted from digital devices presents a risk to our health remains an ongoing area of debate. As technological advancements continue, it is relevant to understand how new devices may influence our well-being. This review examines the existing research on artificial blue light safety and the eye, visual performance, and circadian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamed Bahmani
- Dopavision GmbH, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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Wang C, Yuan K, Mou Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Hu R, Min J, Huang X, Jin X. High-Intensity Use of Smartphone Can Significantly Increase the Diagnostic Rate and Severity of Dry Eye. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:829271. [PMID: 35559345 PMCID: PMC9086534 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.829271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of high-intensity use of smartphones on ocular surface homeostasis and to explore whether high-intensity use of handheld digital devices can cause false increase of dry eye diagnostic rate. Methods In this prospective self-control study, 60 subjects (120 eyes) were recruited and asked to read on smartphones provided by the same manufacturer for two consecutive hours. This study was conducted during 8:00 – 10:00 AM to eliminate the influence of digital equipment used the previous day. Ophthalmological examinations [non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), bulbar conjunctival redness and meibomian gland (MG) assessment] and a questionnaire survey were conducted before and after the reading test. Based on the collected data, the changes in ocular surface damage and subjective symptoms of the subjects were evaluated, and the differences in the diagnostic rate of dry eye before and after high-intensity use of smartphones were compared. Results The diagnostic rate of dry eye was sharply increased (61.7% vs. 74.2%). The severity of dry eye also changed significantly, and the moderate and severe degree increased after reading (10% vs. 15%; 5% vs. 10.8%). The aggravated severity subjects had lower MG expressibility and more evident bulbar conjunctival redness compared to the non-aggravated severity subjects. After 2 h of continuous reading, NIBUT-First, NIBUT-Average and FBUT-Average were significantly decreased, while the proportion of BUT ≤ 5 s increased significantly. Non-invasive keratograph tear meniscus height(NIKTMH) decreased significantly compared to the baseline level, while the proportion of NIKTMH<0.20 mm increased significantly. No significant difference was observed in the Schirmer I test and CFS score between the two groups. Compared to the baseline, evident aggravation was observed in bulbar conjunctival redness. The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was significantly higher than the baseline after the reading test. Conclusion Diagnostic indicators related to dry eye are rapidly deteriorating after high-intensity smartphone use, especially those with lower MG expressibility and ocular redness. High-intensity smartphone use can increase the false positive rate of dry eye diagnosis by disturbing ocular surface homeostasis.
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Lin CC, Hung JH, Huang YH. Immediate Ocular Changes After Light-Emitting Diode Displays Exposure-A Preliminary Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:848794. [PMID: 35445041 PMCID: PMC9015093 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.848794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is one of the most frequently encountered problems among video display terminals (VDT) users, but little is known regarding the short-term effect after exposure to light-emitting diodes (LED). The purpose of this study was to determine if short-term exposure to LED leads to changes in corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), lipid layer thickness (LLT), blink rates, partial blink ratio, and computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q) score. Design Prospective, cross-sectional study. Methods In this study, participants were recruited at the National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, a tertiary referral center in southern Taiwan, for examination. Participants were asked to complete the CVS-Q and undergo a series of ocular examinations, including CDVA, LLT, blink rates and partial blink ratio before and after watching an LED display for 15 min. Main Outcome Measures were changes in CDVA, LLT, blink rates, partial blink ratio, and CVS-Q measurements. Results In total, 120 eyes from 60 participants (mean age: 35.7 ± 9.4 years) were included; 31 participants were men (51.7%), and 29 were women (48.3%). The CDVA, LLT, blink rates, and partial blink ratio did not change after watching the LED display. The CVS-Q score significantly improved after short-term LED exposure (P < 0.001). A subgroup analysis of subjects with a baseline LLT of <60 nm or ≥60 nm determined that LLT significantly decreased in individuals with a baseline LLT of ≥60 nm (P = 0.016). Conclusion Short-term use of LED displays reduced LLT in individuals with a baseline LLT of ≥60 nm, despite the visual symptoms of CVS improved subjectively. Therefore, digital device users should be aware of the potential negative effects of LED exposure on the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horung Hung
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lemos CN, da Silva LECM, Faustino JF, Fantucci MZ, Murashima ADAB, Adriano L, Alves M, Rocha EM. Oxidative Stress in the Protection and Injury of the Lacrimal Gland and the Ocular Surface: are There Perspectives for Therapeutics? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824726. [PMID: 35359431 PMCID: PMC8963457 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nunes Lemos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Camila Nunes Lemos,
| | - Lilian Eslaine Costa Mendes da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ferreira Faustino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Marina Zilio Fantucci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriana de Andrade Batista Murashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leidiane Adriano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Melani Rocha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Comparative Efficiency of Lutein and Astaxanthin in the Protection of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells In Vitro from Blue-Violet Light Photo-Oxidative Damage. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the protective and antioxidant properties of lutein and astaxanthin on human primary corneal epithelial cells (HCE-F). To this purpose, HCE-F cells were irradiated with a blue-violet light lamp (415–420 nm) at different energies (20 to 80 J/cm2). Lutein and astaxanthin (50 to 250 μM) were added to HCE-F right before blue-violet light irradiation at 50 J/cm2. Viability was evaluated by the CKK-8 assay while the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the H2DCF-DA assay. Results have shown that the viability of HCE-F cells decreased at light energies from 20 J/cm2 to 80 J/cm2, while ROS production increased at 50 and 80 J/cm2. The presence of lutein or astaxanthin protected the cells from phototoxicity, with lutein slightly more efficient than astaxanthin also on the blunting of ROS, prevention of apoptotic cell death and modulation of the Nrf-2 pathway. The association of lutein and astaxanthin did not give a significant advantage over the use of lutein alone. Taken together, these results suggest that the association of lutein and astaxanthin might be useful to protect cells of the ocular surface from short (lutein) and longer (astaxanthin) wavelengths, as these are the most damaging radiations hitting the eye from many different LED screens and solar light.
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Kang MS, Lee SM, Kim SI, Lee JE. Herpetic Keratitis Recurred after the Use of a Thermal Medical Device. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 36:78-79. [PMID: 34823338 PMCID: PMC8849993 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2021.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seung Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung Il Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,ABC Eye CLINIC, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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Chen XM, Kuang JB, Yu HY, Wu ZN, Wang SY, Zhou SY. A Novel Rabbit Dry Eye Model Induced by a Controlled Drying System. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:32. [PMID: 34004007 PMCID: PMC8083071 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.4.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish an environment-induced dry eye model in rabbits using a controlled drying system (CDS). Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. The rabbits in the dry group were housed in the CDS, in which the relative humidity, airflow, and temperature were controlled at 22% ± 4%, 3 to 4 m/s, and 23°C to 25°C for 14 days. The rabbits in the control group were housed in a normal environment at the same time. A Schirmer test, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining were performed. On day 14, the eyeballs and lacrimal glands were processed for evaluating the corneal epithelial thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration index, goblet cell density, and expression of the MUC5AC protein and caspase-3 protein. The mRNA expression of the involved inflammatory genes was analyzed. Results The CDS was able to maintain a dry environment, in which the tear production decreased, and the ocular surface staining increased over time in the rabbits. In the dry group, the corneal epithelium became thinner, inflammatory cells were noted, goblet cells and MUC5AC proteins decreased, and the increased levels of caspase-3 proteins and inflammatory cytokines were observed in the ocular surface tissues and lacrimal glands. Conclusions This CDS could create a dry environment, in which the rabbits exhibited a pathological change in dry eye similar to that in humans. Translational Relevance This model would be helpful in offering a platform to identify and test candidate therapies for environment-induced dry eye and to explore its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Biao Kuang
- Zhaoke (Guangzhou) Ophthalmic Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-You Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Jin R, Li L, Choi JS, Kim J, Yoon HJ, Park JH, Yoon KC. Blue Light Induces Impaired Autophagy through Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Activation on the Mouse Ocular Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2015. [PMID: 33670592 PMCID: PMC7922400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of blue light exposure on nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) expression on the mouse ocular surface and evaluated the role of NOD2 activation in light-induced cell death. Mice were divided into wild-type (WT), NOD2-knock out (KO), WT + blue light (WT + BL), and NOD2-KO + blue light (NOD2-KO + BL) groups, and the mice in the WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups were exposed to blue light for 10 days. After 10 days of blue light exposure, increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were observed in the WT + BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups, and the WT + BL group showed a higher expression of NOD2 and autophagy related 16 like 1. Although both WT+BL and NOD2-KO + BL groups showed an increase in the expression of light chain 3-II, NOD2-KO + BL mice had a significantly lower p62 expression than WT + BL mice. In addition, NOD2-KO+BL mice had significantly lower corneal epithelial damage and apoptosis than WT + BL mice. In conclusion, blue light exposure can induce impaired autophagy by activation of NOD2 on the ocular surface. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NOD2-autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L) signaling pathway may be involved in the blue-light-induced autophagy responses, resulting in corneal epithelial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Rujun Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Ji Suk Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jonghwa Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyeon Jeong Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Jong Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 Plus Project Team, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 77, Korea;
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.L.); (R.J.); (L.L.); (J.S.C.); (J.K.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centers for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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Yoshimi K, Yamauchi Y, Tanaka T, Shimada T, Sato M, Mashimo T. Photoactivatable Cre knock-in mice for spatiotemporal control of genetic engineering in vivo. J Transl Med 2021; 101:125-135. [PMID: 32892213 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the Cre-loxP recombination system has been extensively used to analyze gene function in vivo, spatiotemporal control of Cre activity is a critical limitation for easy and precise recombination. Here, we established photoactivatable-Cre (PA-Cre) knock-in (KI) mice at a safe harbor locus for the spatial and temporal regulation of Cre recombinase activity. The mice showed whole-body Cre recombination activity following light exposure for only 1 h. Almost no leaks of Cre recombination activity were detected in the KI mice under natural light conditions. Spot irradiation could induce locus-specific recombination noninvasively, enabling us to compare phenotypes on the left and right sides in the same mouse. Furthermore, long-term irradiation using an implanted wireless LED substantially improved Cre recombination activity, especially in the brain. These results demonstrate that PA-Cre KI mice can facilitate the spatiotemporal control of genetic engineering and provide a useful resource to elucidate gene function in vivo with Cre-loxP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yoshimi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Division of Genome Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamauchi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | - Moritoshi Sato
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Division of Genome Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Jin M, Li X, Yan F, Chen W, Jiang L, Zhang X. The effects of low-color-temperature dual-primary-color light-emitting diodes on three kinds of retinal cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 214:112099. [PMID: 33285486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term illumination of the retina with blue-light-excited phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may result in decreased retinal function, even if the levels of blue light emitted are low. New low-color-temperature dual-primary-color LEDs have been developed that are composed of only two LED chips: a red chip and a yellow chip. These LEDs are expected to become a new type of healthy lighting source because they do not emit blue light, they lack phosphor, and they solve the problem of low efficiency encountered with phosphor-converted low-color-temperature LEDs. Many studies have indicated that these new low-color-temperature LEDs are likely to have therapeutic effects. However, the biological safety of these LEDs needs to be explored before the therapeutic effects are explored. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the new low-color-temperature LEDs and fluorescent white LEDs on three types of retinal cells. We observed that the viability and numbers of retinal cells decreased gradually with increasing LED color temperature. The new low-color-temperature LEDs caused less death and adverse effects on proliferation than the fluorescent white LEDs. After irradiation with high-color-temperature LEDs, the expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) was decreased and discontinuous in ARPE-19 cells; the stress protein hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated in R28 cells; and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were upregulated in rMC-1 cells. We therefore conclude that the new white LEDs cause almost no damage to retinal cells and reduce the potential human health risks of chronic exposure to fluorescent white LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jin
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330046, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, 463 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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Ouyang XL, Chen BY, Xie YF, Wu YD, Guo SJ, Dong XY, Wang GH. Whole transcriptome analysis on blue light-induced eye damage. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:1210-1222. [PMID: 32821674 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.08.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze abnormal gene expressions of mice eyes exposed to blue light using RNA-seq and analyze the related signaling pathways. METHODS Kunming mice were divided into an experimental group that was exposed to blue light and a control group that was exposed to natural light. After 14d, the mice were euthanized and their eyeballs were collected. Whole transcriptome analysis was attempted to analyze the gene expression of the eyeballs using RNA-seq to reconstruct genetic networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to reveal the related signaling pathways. RESULTS The 737 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 430 up and 307 down regulated genes, by calculating the gene FPKM in each sample and conducting differential gene analysis. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that blue light damage may associated with the visual perception, sensory perception of light stimulus, phototransduction, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Differential lncRNA, circRNA and miRNA analysis showed that blue light exposure affected pathways for retinal cone cell development and phototransduction, among others. CONCLUSION Exposure to blue light can cause a certain degree of abnormal gene expression and modulate signaling pathways in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Li Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo-Yu Chen
- Shijiazhuang Aier Eye Hospital, Bethune International Peace Hospital of PLA, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yong-Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yi-De Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shao-Jia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
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Ouyang X, Yang J, Hong Z, Wu Y, Xie Y, Wang G. Mechanisms of blue light-induced eye hazard and protective measures: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110577. [PMID: 32763817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of blue light exposure to human health has attracted increased research attention. Blue light, with relatively high energy, can cause irreversible photochemical damage to eye tissue. Excessive exposure of the eye to blue light tends to cause a series of alterations, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, inflammatory apoptosis, mitochondrial apoptosis and DNA damage, resulting in the development of dry eye disease, glaucoma, and keratitis. Accordingly, physical protection, chemical and pharmaceutical protective measures, gene therapy, and other methods are widely used in the clinical treatment of blue light hazard. We reviewed the studies on possible blue light-induced signaling pathways and mechanisms in the eye and summarized the therapeutic approaches to addressing blue light hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Zexin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yide Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yongfang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
| | - Guohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Medicines in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China.
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Comparison of ophthalmic toxicity of light-emitting diode and organic light-emitting diode light sources. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11582. [PMID: 32665663 PMCID: PMC7360575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the effect of OLEDs on human health has not been studied yet. We investigated morphologic and functional changes after OLEDs exposure of human ocular cells, including corneal, conjunctival, lens, and retinal pigment epithelial cells, and mouse eyes. In corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, the levels of reactive oxygen species production and interleukin-8 expression after white light-emitting diodes (LED) exposure were significantly greater than those after OLED exposure. Although no gross morphologic changes of the eyelid or cornea were found in LED- or OLED-exposed mice, oxidative stress on ocular surface was significantly increased, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) was significantly shorter in both light-treated groups than the control group. Moreover, ONL thickness was significantly lower in the LED group than the OLED group. The electroretinography response was significantly lower in light exposure group, and there was significant difference between LED- and OLED-treated mice. Although OLED exhibits certain ocular toxicity, it can be less toxic to eyes than LED. The higher blue-wavelength energy of LED light might be the reason for its higher toxicity relative to OLED.
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Dual effect of blue light on Fusariumsolani clinical corneal isolates in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 35:1299-1305. [PMID: 32112251 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate the effect of daylight-intensity blue light on F. solani isolated from the cornea of patients with fungal keratitis. Spore suspensions of 5 F. solani strains (one standard strain and 4 clinical corneal isolates) were prepared in 6-well plates. Blue light groups were irradiated by a light-emitting diode (LED) device with a peak wavelength of 454 nm at 0.5 mW/cm2 for 0 to 48 h, while the controls were maintained in darkness. Hyphal morphology in the 6-well plates was recorded at 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 h. One hundred microliters of spore suspensions of each strain at these five time points was transferred to SGA plates and cultured for 36 h at 29 °C; the number of colonies formed was counted as a measure of conidia quality and viability. Blue light has dual effects on F. solani. The hyphal length of F. solani exposed to blue light was significantly shorter than that of the control (P < 0.01), indicating that fungal growth was inhibited. Meanwhile, instead of reducing the viability of spores, blue light significantly enhanced the conidia quality and viability after at least 24 h irradiation. Daylight-intensity blue light exposure will inhibit the hyphal growth of F. solani but promote conidiation, which would be more harmful to fungal keratitis. Eliminating the influence of blue light for these patients should be taken into account.
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Blue light-triggered photochemistry and cytotoxicity of retinal. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109547. [PMID: 31982549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical- and photo- toxicity of chromophore retinal on cells have long been debated. Although we recently showed that retinal and blue light exposure interrupt cellular signaling, a comprehensive study examining molecular underpinnings of this perturbation and its consequences to cellular fate is lacking. Here, we report molecular evidence for blue light excited-retinal induced oxidative damage of polyunsaturated lipid anchors in membrane-interacting signaling molecules and DNA damage in cells using live-cell imaging and in vitro experimentation. The incurred molecular damage irreversibly disrupted subcellular localization of these molecules, a crucial criterion for their signaling. We further show retinal accumulation in lipid-bilayers of cell membranes could enhance the lifetime of retinal in cells. Comparative response-signatures suggest that retinal triggers reactions upon photoexcitation similar to photodynamic therapy agents and generate reactive oxygen species in cells. Additionally, data also shows that exposing retinal-containing cells to sunlight induces substantial cytotoxicity. Collectively, our results explain a likely in vivo mechanism and reaction conditions under which bio-available retinal in physiological light conditions damages cells.
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Chandel L, Sharma R, Rana V. Exploring the Protective Potential of Carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa Polysaccharide on Blue Light Light-Emitting Diode Induced Corneal Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 13:310-322. [PMID: 31849292 DOI: 10.2174/1872211314666191218110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive blue light light-emitting diode (LED) exposure and consequent oxidative stress causes corneal damage and corneal injuries are the major problem arising these days due to excessive use of mobile phone, TV, environment pollution, etc. Objective: In the present investigation, the protectiveness of carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa (CTC) from blue light LED-induced corneal damage was explored. METHODS For this purpose, Terminalia catappa (TC) was functionalized by carboxymethylation and its structural modification was confirmed by spectral attributes. Further, the CTC protective eye drop formulations (0.025-1%, w/v) were prepared and evaluated for their capability of protection from blue light LEDinduced corneal damage as compared to CTC protective eye gel (1.25-7%, w/v). The findings pointed towards excellent protection of CTC gel formulations as compared to CTC eye drop formulations. In addition, the prepared optimized CTC gel had thixotropic behavior as evident from percentage structural recovery which was 1.75 fold higher than marketed formulation (I-Comfort, HPMC 2%, w/v). The safety and non-toxicity of CTC protective eye drop and gel were confirmed by HET-CAM test. Further, a rat eye model was implemented that mimic blue light light-emitting diode induced corneal damage in day to day life to assess the protective effect of CTC protective eye drop and gel. RESULTS The order of protectiveness of CTC formulations was found to be CTC protective eye gel (4%, w/v) (no corneal damage)>marketed eye gel (12.34% corneal damage)=CTC protective eye drop (0.75%, w/v) (17.48% corneal damage)> marketed eye drop (51% corneal damage). The mechanism behind the protective effect of CTC eye drop and gel was associated with good free radical scavenging activity and corneal adhesive property of CTC. It is established from the present work that, carboxymethyl Terminalia catappa has protective action against blue light light-emitting diode induced corneal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Chandel
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Vikas Rana
- Pharmaceutics Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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Pang Y, Wei C, Li R, Wu Y, Liu W, Wang F, Zhang X, Wang X. Photothermal conversion hydrogel based mini-eye patch for relieving dry eye with long-term use of the light-emitting screen. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5125-5133. [PMID: 31371951 PMCID: PMC6628948 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s192407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The frequent usage of various lighting screens has made dry eye syndrome an increasingly serious phenomenon. To relieve this global problem, we have developed a photothermal conversion hydrogel based mini-eye patch. Methods: Gold nanoparticles (GNRs) were synthesized by a seed-mediated method, and then used as the inner cores to grow palladium (Pd) shell by PdCl42-reduction. Then, gelatin was added to prepare GNRs @ Pd hydrogel eye patch by genipin cross-linking. We implanted temperature sensitive ink (complex composed of amino resin and styrene maleic anhydride copolymer) in the eye patch, which could change color at different temperatures. Heating performance of the eye patch was accessed with an infrared temperature profile and the circulating temperature experiment. The safety assessment of the eye patch was conducted by H&E staining of the mouse's eyelid skin and CCK-8 assay. A Keratograph 5M noninvasive ocular surface analyzer was used to assess the impact of eye patches on dry eyes. Results: It was found that GNRs @ Pd hydrogel eye patches could sense various visible light and responded by heating up spontaneously. Results from the CCK-8 assay and H&E staining showed that the eye patch has good safety performance. Measurements of the first noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), the average NITBUT, the tear meniscus height (TMH), combined with red eye analysis, further demonstrated the patch's eye-protective properties. Conclusion: After being pasted to the lacrimal gland, the hydrogel patch converted various light irradiations into heat and stimulated the lacrimal gland to produce more tears to relieve dry eye. The built-in temperature-sensitive ink can play an important role in warning people of their excessive eye usage. Because this recyclable strategy does not interfere with normal eye use, it is thus more environmentally friendly and convenient than ordinary infrared eyewear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Pang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Wei
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruolei Li
- College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Ophthalmology, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330088, People's Republic of China
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Marek V, Reboussin E, Dégardin-Chicaud J, Charbonnier A, Domínguez-López A, Villette T, Denoyer A, Baudouin C, Réaux-Le Goazigo A, Mélik Parsadaniantz S. Implication of Melanopsin and Trigeminal Neural Pathways in Blue Light Photosensitivity in vivo. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:497. [PMID: 31178682 PMCID: PMC6543920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photophobia may arise from various causes and frequently accompanies numerous ocular diseases. In modern highly illuminated world, complaints about greater photosensitivity to blue light increasingly appear. However, the pathophysiology of photophobia is still debated. In the present work, we investigated in vivo the role of various neural pathways potentially implicated in blue-light aversion. Moreover, we studied the light-induced neuroinflammatory processes on the ocular surface and in the trigeminal pathways. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to blue (400-500 nm) or to yellow (530-710 nm) LED light (3 h, 6 mW/cm2). Photosensitivity was measured as the time spent in dark or illuminated parts of the cage. Pharmacological treatments were applied: topical instillation of atropine, pilocarpine or oxybuprocaine, intravitreal injection of lidocaine, norepinephrine or "blocker" of the visual photoreceptor transmission, and intraperitoneal injection of a melanopsin antagonist. Clinical evaluations (ocular surface state, corneal mechanical sensitivity and tear quantity) were performed directly after exposure to light and after 3 days of recovery in standard light conditions. Trigeminal ganglia (TGs), brainstems and retinas were dissected out and conditioned for analyses. Mice demonstrated strong aversion to blue but not to yellow light. The only drug that significantly decreased the blue-light aversion was the intraperitoneally injected melanopsin antagonist. After blue-light exposure, dry-eye-related inflammatory signs were observed, notably after 3 days of recovery. In the retina, we observed the increased immunoreactivity for GFAP, ATF3, and Iba1; these data were corroborated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, retinal visual and non-visual photopigments distribution was altered. In the trigeminal pathway, we detected the increased mRNA expression of cFOS and ATF3 as well as alterations in cytokines' levels. Thus, the wavelength-dependent light aversion was mainly mediated by melanopsin-containing cells, most likely in the retina. Other potential pathways of light reception were also discussed. The phototoxic message was transmitted to the trigeminal system, inducing both inflammation at the ocular surface and stress in the retina. Further investigations of retina-TG connections are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Marek
- R&D, Essilor International, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Reboussin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Julie Dégardin-Chicaud
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Angéline Charbonnier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-López
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Denoyer
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Nationale d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- CHU Robert Debré, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier Nationale d’Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, Paris, France
- Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Université, Versailles, France
| | - Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Alasiri RA, Algarni HA, Alasiri RA. Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:173-180. [PMID: 30983826 PMCID: PMC6445451 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the literature and summarize studies that describe the potential ocular hazards that are posed by different systems of light curing units mainly used in the dental clinics, to ensure the safety of the operator, patient and the auxiliary staff in the dental clinic. Methods This systematic review was reported and conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The online databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used for data search. MeSH terms were used for PubMed search. Randomized controlled clinical trials, original studies and in-vitro studies conducted up to 2018 in English language were included in the review. Eight articles were included in the study after application of eligibility criteria, all of which were in accordance to the review protocol. Results The total wavelength dose received can cause Ocular damage which suggest that light intensity is correlated to the duration required to cause a certain level of damage, and we can substitute the long light exposure by using of a lower intensity light. Conclusion This review concludes that blue light poses maximum risk to cause retinal degeneration based on the evaluated studies. Most of the studies recommend the use of protective eyewear in order to limit exposure of the patient, operator and assistant to the LCUs. It is not advisable to stare directly into the light source and the recommended safe exposure times and distances for patient, operator and assistant must be strictly adhered to in the dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reem A. Alasiri
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
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The influences of smartphone use on the status of the tear film and ocular surface. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206541. [PMID: 30379901 PMCID: PMC6209417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influences of smartphone use on ocular symptoms, status of the tear film, and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface. METHODS Eighty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Subjective symptoms and asthenopia were evaluated using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and computer vision syndrome (CVS) score before and after smartphone or computer display (control) use. The status of the tear film was evaluated using fluorescein film break-up time (FBUT), non-invasive keratograph break up time (NIKBUT), Schirmer score, keratoepitheliopathy (KEP), and tear meniscus height (TMH). Oxidative stress markers in the tear film including hexanoyl lysine (HEL), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the tear film were measured using ELISA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the ocular surface were measured through 2',7'-dichloro-dihydrofluorescein diacetate. All measurements were conducted at baseline, and after use for 1 and 4 h. RESULTS All parameters showed no significant group-wise differences at baseline. Scores of OSDI, VAS, fatigue, burning sensation, and dryness showed significant increases after 1 and 4 h of smartphone use compared with those at baseline (all P < 0.05). The smartphone group showed higher OSDI, fatigue, burning, and dryness scores than the control group at 4 h. Smartphone use showed significantly decreased FBUT and NIBUT at 4 h than those at baseline (P < 0.01). In the smartphone group, the concentration of HEL significantly increased at 4 h compared with that at baseline and 1 h (P < 0.01). Both groups showed increased ROS with higher value in the smartphone group versus the control group at 4 h (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone use could not only aggravate subjective symptom indices such as the OSDI, VAS, and CVS but also induce tear film instability and oxidative stress indices in the tears and at the ocular surface.
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Kim H, Kim HT, Shin DH, Lim HT, Choi CY, Cho WJ, Kim JY, Kim CY, Tchah H. Reduction of Blue Light Emission in Internet-protocol Television and Its Effect on Ocular Fatigue. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2018.59.3.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Tai Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woon Jung Cho
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Yun Kim
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hungwon Tchah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Li J, Tan G, Ding X, Wang Y, Wu A, Yang Q, Ye L, Shao Y. A mouse dry eye model induced by topical administration of the air pollutant particulate matter 10. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:524-534. [PMID: 29032336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To introduce a novel dry eye mouse model induced by topical administration of the air pollutant particulate matter 10 (PM10). METHOD A total of 60 male BALB/c mice were used in this study and divided into two groups: group A (PBS eye drops, n=30) and group B (PM10 eye drop group, n=30). Each treatment was dosed four times a day, every time 50ul with the concentration of 5mg/ml PM10, for 14 consecutive days in the right eye. The clinical manifestations of dry eye were measured before therapy and 4, 7 and 14days post-treatment respectively, which included the tear volume, tear break-up (BUT) time, corneal fluorescein staining, rose bengal staining, Lissamine Green staining and inflammatory index. Eye samples were collected on D14 and examined by histologic light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), corneal cytokeration 10 (K10) immunnostaining, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), NF-κB-p65 and NF-κB Western Blot analysis. RESULTS At 0d, 7d and 14d, there were no statistical changes in tear volume, BUT after treatment (P>0.05) with PBS in group A. In group B, all items showed statistical differences at each time point (P<0.05). At 14d after therapy, the fluorescein staining score of group B was higher than group A (P<0.05). The score of rose bengal staining and Lissamine Green staining in group B was also higher than that in group A (P<0.05). The number of mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A was significantly lower than that in the group B (P<0.05). TEM and SEM revealed that the number of corneal epithelial microvilli were drastically reduced in group B. The number of corneal chondriosome/desmosomes was also reduced in group B by TEM. PM10 induced apoptosis in the superficial and basal corneal epithelium, and leaded to abnormal differentiation and proliferation of the ocular surface with higher expression levels of K10 and reduced number of goblet cells in the conjunctival fornix in group B. PM10 significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB-p65 and NF-κB in the cornea. CONCLUSION PM10 can damage the tear film function and cause the destruction of the structural organization of ocular surface in mice. Topical administration of PM10 in mice induces ocular surface changes that are similar to those of dry eye in humans, representing a novel model of DES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Henyang 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Xi'an City, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Henyang 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qichen Yang
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Lee HS, Cui L, Li Y, Choi JS, Choi JH, Li Z, Kim GE, Choi W, Yoon KC. Correction: Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167671. [PMID: 27902781 PMCID: PMC5130275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161041.].
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