1
|
Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Villa-Bellosta R. Vascular Calcification: A Passive Process That Requires Active Inhibition. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:111. [PMID: 38392329 PMCID: PMC10886409 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The primary cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity stems from complications in the cardiovascular system resulting from accelerated atherosclerosis and arterial stiffening. Frequently, both pathologies are associated with the pathological calcification of cardiovascular structures, present in areas such as cardiac valves or blood vessels (vascular calcification). The accumulation of hydroxyapatite, the predominant form of calcium phosphate crystals, is a distinctive feature of vascular calcification. This phenomenon is commonly observed as a result of aging and is also linked to various diseases such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and several genetic disorders. A substantial body of evidence indicates that vascular calcification involves two primary processes: a passive process and an active process. The physicochemical process of hydroxyapatite formation and deposition (a passive process) is influenced significantly by hyperphosphatemia. However, the active synthesis of calcification inhibitors, including proteins and low-molecular-weight inhibitors such as pyrophosphate, is crucial. Excessive calcification occurs when there is a loss of function in enzymes and transporters responsible for extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism. Current in vivo treatments to prevent calcification involve addressing hyperphosphatemia with phosphate binders and implementing strategies to enhance the availability of pyrophosphate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- The Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesia da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ho LC, Chen YH, Wu TY, Kao LZ, Hung SY, Liou HH, Chen PC, Tsai PJ, Lin HK, Lee YC, Wang HH, Tsai YS. Phosphate burden induces vascular calcification through a NLRP3-caspase-1-mediated pyroptotic pathway. Life Sci 2023; 332:122123. [PMID: 37742736 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to clarify the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in phosphate burden-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. MAIN METHODS VSMC calcification was induced using a high concentration of inorganic phosphate. After pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of the NLRP3 inflammasome, pyroptosis, or potassium efflux, the cells were examined by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and western blotting to identify the NLRP3-mediated pathway for VSMC calcification. KEY FINDINGS Calcified VSMCs with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) disarray presented features of pyroptosis, including caspase-1 maturation, cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD), and a high supernatant level of lactate dehydrogenase A. Pharmacological inhibitions of caspase-1 and pyroptosis attenuated VSMC calcification, whereas interleukin-1β receptor antagonism did not. Unlike canonical NLRP3 activation, osteogenic VSMCs did not upregulate NLRP3 expression. However, NLRP3 genetic silencing or inhibitions, which targets different domains of the NLRP3 protein, could ameliorate VSMC calcification by aborting caspase-1 and GSDMD activation. Furthermore, potassium efflux through the inward-rectifier potassium channel, and not through the P2X7 receptor, triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and VSMC calcification. SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, we identified a potassium efflux-triggered NLRP3-caspase-1-mediated pyroptotic pathway for VSMC calcification that is unique and different from the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Therefore, targeting this pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Ho
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Zhen Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Yi-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Ma Q, Yu X. Bile Acid Network and Vascular Calcification-Associated Diseases: Unraveling the Intricate Connections and Therapeutic Potential. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:1749-1767. [PMID: 37885621 PMCID: PMC10599251 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s431220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids play a crucial role in promoting intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary cholesterol excretion, thereby protecting the liver from cholesterol accumulation and bile acid toxicity. Additionally, bile acids can bind to specific nuclear and membrane receptors to regulate energy expenditure and specific functions of particular tissues. Vascular calcification refers to the pathological process of calcium-phosphate deposition in blood vessel walls, which serves as an independent predictor for cardiovascular adverse events. In addition to aging, this pathological change is associated with aging-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. Emerging evidence suggests a close association between the bile acid network and these aforementioned vascular calcification-associated conditions. Several bile acids have been proven to participate in calcium-phosphate metabolism, affecting the transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and thus influencing vascular calcification. Targeting the bile acid network shows potential for ameliorating these diseases and their concomitant vascular calcification by regulating pathways such as energy metabolism, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell differentiation. Here, we present a summary of the metabolism and functions of the bile acid network and aim to provide insights into the current research on the profound connections between the bile acid network and these vascular calcification-associated diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology & Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Xin J, Han S, Qi J, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang S. Latest advances: Improving the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of PEEK materials. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100748. [PMID: 37600350 PMCID: PMC10432209 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, chemical stability, and elastic modulus close to bone tissue make polyetheretherketone (PEEK) a promising orthopedic implant material. However, biological inertness has hindered the clinical applications of PEEK. The immune responses and inflammatory reactions after implantation would interfere with the osteogenic process. Eventually, the proliferation of fibrous tissue and the formation of fibrous capsules would result in a loose connection between PEEK and bone, leading to implantation failure. Previous studies focused on improving the osteogenic properties and antibacterial ability of PEEK with various modification techniques. However, few studies have been conducted on the immunomodulatory capacity of PEEK. New clinical applications and advances in processing technology, research, and reports on the immunomodulatory capacity of PEEK have received increasing attention in recent years. Researchers have designed numerous modification techniques, including drug delivery systems, surface chemical modifications, and surface porous treatments, to modulate the post-implantation immune response to address the regulatory factors of the mechanism. These studies provide essential ideas and technical preconditions for the development and research of the next generation of PEEK biological implant materials. This paper summarizes the mechanism by which the immune response after PEEK implantation leads to fibrous capsule formation; it also focuses on modification techniques to improve the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory abilities of PEEK. We also discuss the limitations of the existing modification techniques and present the corresponding future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jinwei Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tianhui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv Y, Liao Z, Bi Q, Xie C, Wei X, Yun Y, He Y, Tang Q. Irreversible repolarization of tumour-associated macrophages by low-Pi stress inhibits the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2906-2921. [PMID: 37471521 PMCID: PMC10538272 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown the positive correlation between high levels of Pi and tumour progression. A critical goal of macrophage-based cancer therapeutics is to reduce anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2) and increase proinflammatory antitumour macrophages (M1). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between macrophage polarization and low-Pi stress. First, the spatial populations of M2 and M1 macrophages in 22 HCC patient specimens were quantified and correlated with the local Pi concentration. The levels of M2 and M1 macrophage markers expressed in the peritumour area were higher than the intratumour levels, and the expression of M2 markers was positively correlated with Pi concentration. Next, monocytes differentiated from THP-1 cells were polarized against different Pi concentrations to investigate the activation or silencing of the expression of p65, IκB-α and STAT3 as well as their phosphorylation. Results showed that low-Pi stress irreversibly repolarizes tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) towards the M1 phenotype by silencing stat6 and activating p65. Moreover, HepG-2 and SMCC-7721 cells were cultured in conditioned medium to investigate the innate anticancer immune effects on tumour progression. Both cancer cell lines showed reduced proliferation, migration and invasion, as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was inactivated. In vivo therapeutic effect on the innate and adaptive immune processes was validated in a subcutaneous liver cancer model by the intratumoural injection of sevelamer. Tumour growth was significantly inhibited by the partial deprivation of intratumoural Pi as the tumour microenvironment under low-Pi stress is more immunostimulatory. The anticancer immune response, activated by low-Pi stress, suggests a new macrophage-based immunotherapeutic modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang‐feng Lv
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zi‐qiang Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qiu‐chen Bi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Chuan‐sheng Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Xiao‐yong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryJiangxi Provincial Cancer HospitalNanchangChina
| | - Yi Yun
- Biobank CenterThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuan‐qiao He
- Center of Laboratory Animal Science, Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory AnimalNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qun Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public HealthNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cox LA, Bogen KT, Conolly R, Graham U, Moolgavkar S, Oberdörster G, Roggli VL, Turci F, Mossman B. Mechanisms and shapes of causal exposure-response functions for asbestos in mesotheliomas and lung cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 230:115607. [PMID: 36965793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes recent insights into causal biological mechanisms underlying the carcinogenicity of asbestos. It addresses their implications for the shapes of exposure-response curves and considers recent epidemiologic trends in malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) and lung fiber burden studies. Since the commercial amphiboles crocidolite and amosite pose the highest risk of MMs and contain high levels of iron, endogenous and exogenous pathways of iron injury and repair are discussed. Some practical implications of recent developments are that: (1) Asbestos-cancer exposure-response relationships should be expected to have non-zero background rates; (2) Evidence from inflammation biology and other sources suggests that there are exposure concentration thresholds below which exposures do not increase inflammasome-mediated inflammation or resulting inflammation-mediated cancer risks above background risk rates; and (3) The size of the suggested exposure concentration threshold depends on both the detailed time patterns of exposure on a time scale of hours to days and also on the composition of asbestos fibers in terms of their physiochemical properties. These conclusions are supported by complementary strands of evidence including biomathematical modeling, cell biology and biochemistry of asbestos-cell interactions in vitro and in vivo, lung fiber burden analyses and epidemiology showing trends in human exposures and MM rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Turci
- University of Turin, Department of Chemistry and "G. Scansetti" Center, Italy
| | - Brooke Mossman
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Carter SSD, Atif AR, Diez-Escudero A, Grape M, Ginebra MP, Tenje M, Mestres G. A microfluidic-based approach to investigate the inflammatory response of macrophages to pristine and drug-loaded nanostructured hydroxyapatite. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100351. [PMID: 35865408 PMCID: PMC9294551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro biological characterization of biomaterials is largely based on static cell cultures. However, for highly reactive biomaterials such as calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), this static environment has limitations. Drastic alterations in the ionic composition of the cell culture medium can negatively affect cell behavior, which can lead to misleading results or data that is difficult to interpret. This challenge could be addressed by a microfluidics-based approach (i.e. on-chip), which offers the opportunity to provide a continuous flow of cell culture medium and a potentially more physiologically relevant microenvironment. The aim of this work was to explore microfluidic technology for its potential to characterize CDHA, particularly in the context of inflammation. Two different CDHA substrates (chemically identical, but varying in microstructure) were integrated on-chip and subsequently evaluated. We demonstrated that the on-chip environment can avoid drastic ionic alterations and increase protein sorption, which was reflected in cell studies with RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells grown on-chip showed a high cell viability and enhanced proliferation compared to cells maintained under static conditions. Whereas no clear differences in the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were found, variations in cell morphology suggested a more anti-inflammatory environment on-chip. In the second part of this study, the CDHA substrates were loaded with the drug Trolox. We showed that it is possible to characterize drug release on-chip and moreover demonstrated that Trolox affects the TNF-α secretion and morphology of RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, these results highlight the potential of microfluidics to evaluate (bioactive) biomaterials, both in pristine form and when drug-loaded. This is of particular interest for the latter case, as it allows the biological characterization and assessment of drug release to take place under the same dynamic in vitro environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Sophia D Carter
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdul-Raouf Atif
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Diez-Escudero
- Ortholab, Department of Surgical Sciences-Orthopaedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
| | - Maja Grape
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08930, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08930, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Tenje
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gemma Mestres
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chai H, Wang W, Yuan X, Zhu C. Bio-Activated PEEK: Promising Platforms for Improving Osteogenesis through Modulating Macrophage Polarization. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120747. [PMID: 36550953 PMCID: PMC9774947 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The attention on orthopedic biomaterials has shifted from their direct osteogenic properties to their osteoimmunomodulation, especially the modulation of macrophage polarization. Presently, advanced technologies endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with good osteoimmunomodulation by modifying PEEK surface characteristics or incorporating bioactive substances with regulating macrophage polarization. Recent studies have demonstrated that the fabrication of a hydrophilic surface and the incorporation of bioactive substances into PEEK (e.g., zinc, calcium, and phosphate) are good strategies to promote osteogenesis by enhancing the polarization of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, the modification by other osteoimmunomodulatory composites (e.g., lncRNA-MM2P, IL-4, IL-10, and chitosan) and their controlled and desired release may make PEEK an optimal bio-activated implant for regulating and balancing the osteogenic system and immune system. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively evaluate the potential of bio-activated PEEK in polarizing macrophages into M2 phenotype to improve osteogenesis. For this objective, we retrieved and discussed different kinds of bio-activated PEEK regarding improving osteogenesis through modulating macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, the relevant challenges and outlook were presented. We hope that this review can shed light on the development of bio-activated PEEK with more favorable osteoimmunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haobu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rumney RMH, Róg J, Chira N, Kao AP, Al-Khalidi R, Górecki DC. P2X7 Purinoceptor Affects Ectopic Calcification of Dystrophic Muscles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935804. [PMID: 35910348 PMCID: PMC9333129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic calcification (EC) of myofibers is a pathological feature of muscle damage in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Mineralisation of muscle tissue occurs concomitantly with macrophage infiltration, suggesting a link between ectopic mineral deposition and inflammation. One potential link is the P2X7 purinoceptor, a key trigger of inflammation, which is expressed on macrophages but also up-regulated in dystrophic muscle cells. To investigate the role of P2X7 in dystrophic calcification, we utilised the Dmdmdx-βgeo dystrophin-null mouse model of DMD crossed with a global P2X7 knockout (P2rx7−/−) or with our novel P2X7 knockin-knockout mouse (P2x7KiKo), which expresses P2X7 in macrophages but not muscle cells. Total loss of P2X7 increased EC, indicating that P2X7 overexpression is a protective mechanism against dystrophic mineralisation. Given that muscle-specific P2X7 ablation did not affect dystrophic EC, this underlined the role of P2X7 receptor expression on the inflammatory cells. Serum phosphate reflected dystrophic calcification, with the highest serum phosphate levels found in genotypes with the most ectopic mineral. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms, we measured phosphate release from cells in vitro, and found that dystrophic myoblasts released less phosphate than non-dystrophic cells. Treatment with P2X7 antagonists increased phosphate release from both dystrophic and control myoblasts indicating that muscle cells are a potential source of secreted phosphate while macrophages protect against ectopic mineralisation. Treatment of cells with high phosphate media engendered mineral deposition, which was decreased in the presence of the P2X7 agonist BzATP, particularly in cultures of dystrophic cells, further supporting a protective role for P2X7 against ectopic mineralisation in dystrophic muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. H. Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Róg
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Chira
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander P. Kao
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Rasha Al-Khalidi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz C. Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dariusz C. Górecki,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vascular Calcification: Key Roles of Phosphate and Pyrophosphate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413536. [PMID: 34948333 PMCID: PMC8708352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications due to accelerated arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis are the leading cause of morbimortality in Western society. Both pathologies are frequently associated with vascular calcification. Pathologic calcification of cardiovascular structures, or vascular calcification, is associated with several diseases (for example, genetic diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease) and is a common consequence of aging. Calcium phosphate deposition, mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite, is the hallmark of vascular calcification and can occur in the medial layer of arteries (medial calcification), in the atheroma plaque (intimal calcification), and cardiac valves (heart valve calcification). Although various mechanisms have been proposed for the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, our understanding of the pathogenesis of calcification is far from complete. However, in recent years, some risk factors have been identified, including high serum phosphorus concentration (hyperphosphatemia) and defective synthesis of pyrophosphate (pyrophosphate deficiency). The balance between phosphate and pyrophosphate, strictly controlled by several genes, plays a key role in vascular calcification. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning phosphate and pyrophosphate homeostasis, focusing on the role of extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism in aortic smooth muscle cells and macrophages.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao L, Shiwaku Y, Hamai R, Tsuchiya K, Sasaki K, Suzuki O. Macrophage Polarization Related to Crystal Phases of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011252. [PMID: 34681912 PMCID: PMC8538944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials influence macrophage polarization during bone healing. However, the effect of the crystal phase of CaP materials on the immune response of bone remains unclear. In this study, the effect of the crystal phases of CaP materials on the regulation of macrophage polarization was investigated. Human THP-1 cells and mouse RAW 264 cells were cultured with octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and its hydrolyzed form Ca-deficient hydroxyapatite to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage-related genes. OCP inhibited the excessive inflammatory response and switched macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, which promoted the expression of the interleukin 10 (IL10) gene. In contrast, HL stimulated an excessive inflammatory response by promoting the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage-related genes. To observe changes in the microenvironment induced by OCP and HL, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations and pH value in the medium were measured. The expression of the pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage-related genes (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interlukin 1beta (IL1β)) was closely related to the increase in ion concentration caused by the increase in the CaP dose. Together, these results suggest that the microenvironment caused by the crystal phase of CaP materials may be involved in the immune-regulation capacity of CaP materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Xiao
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Yukari Shiwaku
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Hamai
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kaori Tsuchiya
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Osamu Suzuki
- Division of Craniofacial Function Engineering, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (L.X.); (Y.S.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamazaki M, Kawai M, Kinoshita S, Tachikawa K, Nakanishi T, Ozono K, Michigami T. Clonal osteoblastic cell lines with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of Pit1 or Pit2 show enhanced mineralization despite reduced osteogenic gene expression. Bone 2021; 151:116036. [PMID: 34118444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple actions of extracellular Pi on the skeletal cells are likely to be partly mediated by type III sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters Pit1 and Pit2, although the details are not fully understood. In the current study, to determine the roles of Pit1 and Pit2 in osteoblasts, we generated Pit1-knockout (KO) and Pit2-KO osteoblastic cells by applying CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to an osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 subclone 4. The extracellular Pi level was increased in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones due to the reduced Pi uptake. Interestingly, in vitro mineralization was accelerated in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones, although the induction of the expression of osteogenic marker genes was suppressed. In the cells before mineralization, extracellular levels of pyrophosphate (PPi) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were increased in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones, which might be attributable to the reduced expression and activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). A 24-h treatment with high Pi reduced the expression and activity of TNSALP, suggesting that the suppression of TNSALP in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones was caused by the increased availability of extracellular Pi. Lentiviral gene transfer of Pit1 and Pit2 restored the changes observed in Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones, respectively. The expressions of P2Y2 and P2X7 which encode receptors for extracellular ATP were altered in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones, suggesting an influence on purinergic signaling. In mineralized cells after long-term culture, intracellular levels of PPi and ATP were higher in the Pit1-KO and Pit2-KO clones. Taken together, ablation of Pit1 or Pit2 in this osteoblastic cell model led to accelerated mineralization, suppressed TNSALP and altered the levels of extracellular and intracellular PPi and ATP, which might be partly mediated by changes in the availability of extracellular Pi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Saori Kinoshita
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kanako Tachikawa
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Waring OJ, Skenteris NT, Biessen EAL, Donners MMPC. Two-faced Janus: The dual role of macrophages in atherosclerotic calcification. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2768-2777. [PMID: 34550346 PMCID: PMC9586561 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification is an independent predictor of atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events. Microcalcification is linked to inflamed, unstable lesions, in comparison to the fibrotic stable plaque phenotype generally associated with advanced calcification. This paradox relates to recognition that calcification presents in a wide spectrum of manifestations that differentially impact plaque’s fate. Macrophages, the main inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque, have a multifaceted role in disease progression. They crucially control the mineralization process, from microcalcification to the osteoid metaplasia of bone-like tissue. It is a bilateral interaction that weighs heavily on the overall plaque fate but remains rather unexplored. This review highlights current knowledge about macrophage phenotypic changes in relation to and interaction with the calcifying environment. On the one hand, macrophage-led inflammation kickstarts microcalcification through a multitude of interlinked mechanisms, which in turn stimulates phenotypic changes in vascular cell types to drive microcalcification. Macrophages may also modulate the expression/activity of calcification inhibitors and inducers, or eliminate hydroxyapatite nucleation points. Contrarily, direct exposure of macrophages to an early calcifying milieu impacts macrophage phenotype, with repercussions for plaque progression and/or stability. Macrophages surrounding macrocalcification deposits show a more reparative phenotype, modulating extracellular matrix, and expressing osteoclast genes. This phenotypic shift favours gradual displacement of the pro-inflammatory hubs; the lipid necrotic core, by macrocalcification. Parallels to bone metabolism may explain many of these changes to macrophage phenotype, with advanced calcification able to show homeostatic osteoid metaplasia. As the targeted treatment of vascular calcification developing in atherosclerosis is thus far severely lacking, it is crucial to better understand its mechanisms of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O J Waring
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - N T Skenteris
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - E A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, German
| | - M M P C Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tissue-Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) as the Enzyme Involved in the Degradation of Nucleotide Analogues in the Ligand Docking and Molecular Dynamics Approaches. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081104. [PMID: 34439771 PMCID: PMC8391816 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is known to be involved in the degradation of extracellular ATP via the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi). We investigated, using three different computational methods, namely molecular docking, thermodynamic integration (TI) and conventional molecular dynamics (MD), whether TNAP may also be involved in the utilization of β,γ-modified ATP analogues. For that, we analyzed the interaction of bisphosphonates with this enzyme and evaluated the obtained structures using in silico studies. Complexes formed between pyrophosphate, hypophosphate, imidodiphosphate, methylenediphosphonic acid monothiopyrophosphate, alendronate, pamidronate and zoledronate with TNAP were generated and analyzed based on ligand docking, molecular dynamics and thermodynamic integration. The obtained results indicate that all selected ligands show high affinity toward this enzyme. The forming complexes are stabilized through hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces. Short- and middle-term molecular dynamics simulations yielded very similar affinity results and confirmed the stability of the protein and its complexes. The results suggest that certain effectors may have a significant impact on the enzyme, changing its properties.
Collapse
|
16
|
Dube P, DeRiso A, Patel M, Battepati D, Khatib-Shahidi B, Sharma H, Gupta R, Malhotra D, Dworkin L, Haller S, Kennedy D. Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Diversity in the Vessel Wall. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040404. [PMID: 33917965 PMCID: PMC8068383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a complex process expressing similarity to bone metabolism in onset and progression. VC in CKD is promoted by various factors not limited to hyperphosphatemia, Ca/Pi imbalance, uremic toxins, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of multiple signaling pathways in different cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the various kinds of VC, the clinical significance and available therapies, significant contributions from multiple cell types, and the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms for the VC process in the setting of CKD. Thus, we seek to highlight the key factors and cell types driving the pathology of VC in CKD in order to assist in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients burdened with this disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu Y, Xie X, Zhuang R, Weir MD, Oates TW, Bai Y, Zhao L, Xu HHK. A Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhances Dentin Regeneration by Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Promotes Macrophages M2 Phenotype In Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1113-1127. [PMID: 33261521 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for bone and dentin repair and regeneration. However, there has been no report of biphasic CPC for inducing dentin regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop a novel biphasic CPC containing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and investigate its effects on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and macrophage polarization. New biphasic CPC was formulated with different ratios of β-TCP to an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and odontogenic differentiation induction ability of the cements and the inflammatory reaction to the cements were examined. A series of CPC containing β-TCP were developed. CPC with 20% β-TCP exhibited homogeneity and injectability, an acceptable setting time, and a twofold increase in compressive strength. Significant increases in hDPSCs' alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposit, DMP1 and DSPP gene, and protein expressions were obtained for 20% TCP-CPC, compared with traditional CPC (p < 0.01). The addition of β-TCP did not promote macrophage polarization to the proinflammation phenotype. The addition of 10% and 20% β-TCP promoted macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, a biphasic β-TCP-modified CPC was developed for the first time, demonstrating substantially increased dentin regeneration capability, while promoting macrophages to an anti-inflammation phenotype. The novel biphasic CPC is promising for tooth tissue engineering and dentin regeneration applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of Orthodontics and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Orthodontics and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas W Oates
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of Orthodontics and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ho LC, Wu TY, Lin TM, Liou HH, Hung SY. Indoxyl Sulfate Mediates the Low Inducibility of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Hemodialysis Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010038. [PMID: 33430226 PMCID: PMC7825677 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is responsible for the maturation of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Despite the study about basal activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hemodialysis (HD) patients, little is known about its inducibility in the milieu of uremia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 11 HD patients and 14 volunteers without a history of chronic kidney disease, as well as macrophages with or without the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) pretreatment, underwent canonical NLRP3 inflammasome induction. Despite the high plasma levels of IL-1β in HD patients, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the PBMCs of HD patients remained predominantly immature and were not secreted in response to the canonical stimulus. In addition, while IS alone facilitated the inflammasome-independent secretion of IL-1β from macrophages, IS exposure before induction reduced the inducibility of the NLRP3 inflammasome, characterized by insufficient maturation of caspase-1. The low expression of inflammasome components, which was observed in both IS-pretreated cells and the PBMCs of HD patients, was probably responsible for the low inducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Ho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704017, Taiwan
| | - Tsun-Mei Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City 242009, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gu Y, Zhuang R, Xie X, Bai Y. Osteogenic stimulation of human dental pulp stem cells with self‐setting biphasic calcium phosphate cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:1669-1678. [PMID: 31769191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhi Gu
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Rui Zhuang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- Department of OrthodonticsBeijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hamczyk MR, Villa-Bellosta R, Quesada V, Gonzalo P, Vidak S, Nevado RM, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Misteli T, López-Otín C, Andrés V. Progerin accelerates atherosclerosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809736. [PMID: 30862662 PMCID: PMC6460349 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by progerin, a mutant lamin A variant. HGPS patients display accelerated aging and die prematurely, typically from atherosclerosis complications. Recently, we demonstrated that progerin‐driven vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss accelerates atherosclerosis leading to premature death in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identify here endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) and the unfolded protein responses as drivers of VSMC death in two mouse models of HGPS exhibiting ubiquitous and VSMC‐specific progerin expression. This stress pathway was also activated in HGPS patient‐derived cells. Targeting ER stress response with a chemical chaperone delayed medial VSMC loss and inhibited atherosclerosis in both progeria models, and extended lifespan in the VSMC‐specific model. Our results identify a mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease in HGPS that could be targeted in patients. Moreover, these findings may help to understand other vascular diseases associated with VSMC death, and provide insight into aging‐dependent vascular damage related to accumulation of unprocessed toxic forms of lamin A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FIIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Vidak
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Villa-Bellosta R. New insights into endogenous mechanisms of protection against arterial calcification. Atherosclerosis 2020; 306:68-74. [PMID: 32209233 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications due to accelerated atherosclerosis and arterial stiffening are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western society. Both pathologies are frequently associated with vascular calcification. Deposits of calcium phosphate salts, mainly in form of hydroxyapatite, is the hallmark of vascular calcification. Calcification is frequently observed in atherosclerotic lesions (intimal calcification) associated with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages. By contrast, medial calcification, occurring in the elastic region of the arteries, is almost exclusively associated with VSMCs, and is common in arteriosclerosis related to aging, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In extracellular fluids, a range of endogenous low- and high-molecular weight calcification inhibitors are present, including osteopontin, matrix-Gla proteins and Fetuin A. Moreover, pyrophosphate deficiency plays a key role in vascular calcification. Pyrophosphate is produced by extracellular hydrolysis of ATP and is degraded to phosphate by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Loss of function in the enzymes and transporters involved in the extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism leads to excessive deposition of calcium-phosphate salts. This review summarizes the current knowledge about endogenous mechanisms of protection against calcification in the aortic wall, focusing on the role of extracellular pyrophosphate metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FIIS-FJD), Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brown RB. Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:674-689. [PMID: 31686640 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666191104113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a scoping review and synthesis of research findings investigating the toxic cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate-phosphate toxicity-as a pathophysiological determinant of diabetes and diabetic complications. Phosphorus, an essential micronutrient, is closely linked to the cellular metabolism of glucose for energy production, and serum inorganic phosphate is often transported into cells along with glucose during insulin therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuronal degeneration, and pancreatic cancer are associated with dysregulated levels of phosphate in diabetes. Ectopic calcification involving deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals is prevalent throughout diabetic complications, including vascular calcification, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone disorders. A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention is proposed for further investigations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related diabetic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B Brown
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Costantino MD, Schuster A, Helmholz H, Meyer-Rachner A, Willumeit-Römer R, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJC. Inflammatory response to magnesium-based biodegradable implant materials. Acta Biomater 2020; 101:598-608. [PMID: 31610341 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradability and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys are attractive for orthopaedic and cardiovascular applications. In order to study their cytotoxicity usually bone cells are used. However, after implantation, diverse and versatile cells are recruited and interact. Among the first ones coming into play are cells of the immune system, which are responsible for the inflammatory reaction. Macrophages play a central role in the inflammatory process due to the production of cytokines involved in the tissue healing but also in the possible failure of the implants. In order to evaluate the in vitro influence of the degradation products of magnesium-based alloys on cytokine release, the extracts of pure magnesium and two magnesium alloys (with gadolinium and silver as alloying elements) were examined in an inflammatory in vitro model. Human promonocytic cells (U937 cells) were differentiated into macrophages and further cultured with magnesium-based extracts for 1 and 3 days (simulating early and late inflammatory reaction phases), either at 37 °C or at 39 °C (mimicking normal and inflammatory conditions, respectively). All extracts exhibit very good cytocompatibility on differentiated macrophages. Results suggest that M1 and even more M2 profiles of macrophage were stimulated by the extracts of Mg. Furthermore, Mg-10Gd and Mg-2Ag extracts introduced a nuancing effect by rather inhibiting macrophage M1 profile. Magnesium-based biomaterials could thus induce a faster inflammation resolution while improving tissue repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Macrophage are the key-cells during inflammation and can influence the fate of tissue healing and implant performance. Magnesium-based implants are biodegradable and bioactive. Here we selected an in vitro system to model early and late inflammation and effect of pyrexia (37 °C versus 39 °C). We showed the beneficial and nuancing effects of magnesium (Mg) and the selected alloying elements (silver (Ag) and gadolinium (Gd)) on the macrophage polarisation. Mg extracts exacerbated simultaneously the macrophage M1 and M2 profiles while Mg-2Ag and Mg-10Gd rather inhibited the M1 differentiation. Furthermore, 39 °C exhibited protective effect by either decreasing cytokine production or promoting anti-inflammatory ones, with or without extracts. Mg-based biomaterials could thus induce a faster inflammation resolution while improving tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Costantino
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Schuster
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - H Helmholz
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - A Meyer-Rachner
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - R Willumeit-Römer
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - B J C Luthringer-Feyerabend
- Department of Biological Characterisation, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Institute of Material Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Young CN, Gosselin MR, Rumney R, Oksiejuk A, Chira N, Bozycki L, Matryba P, Łukasiewicz K, Kao AP, Dunlop J, Robson SC, Zabłocki K, Górecki DC. Total Absence of Dystrophin Expression Exacerbates Ectopic Myofiber Calcification and Fibrosis and Alters Macrophage Infiltration Patterns. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:190-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is strongly associated with all-cause mortality and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Resulting from its complex, multifaceted nature, targeted treatments for VC have not yet been developed. Lipoproteins are well characterized in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the development of plaque regressing therapeutics. Although their roles in plaque progression are well documented, their roles in VC, and calcification of a plaque, are not well understood. In this review, early in vitro data and clinical correlations suggest an inhibitory role for HDL (high-density lipoproteins) in VC, a stimulatory role for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and a potentially causal role for Lp(a) (lipoprotein [a]). Additionally, after treatment with a statin or PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor, plaque calcification is observed to increase. With the notion that differing morphologies of plaque calcification associate with either a more stable or unstable plaque phenotype, uncovering the mechanisms of lipoprotein-artery wall interactions could produce targeted therapeutic options for VC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Akers
- From the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia (E.J.A.)
- The University of Adelaide, Australia (E.J.A.)
| | - Stephen J. Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.J.N.)
| | - Belinda A. Di Bartolo
- The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia (B.A.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
New Insights into the Roles of Monocytes/Macrophages in Cardiovascular Calcification Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11090529. [PMID: 31547340 PMCID: PMC6784181 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11090529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular calcification (CVC) is one of the strongest predictors of CVD in this population. Cardiovascular calcification results from complex cellular interactions involving the endothelium, vascular/valvular cells (i.e., vascular smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells and resident fibroblasts), and monocyte-derived macrophages. Indeed, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress by monocyte-derived macrophages is responsible for the osteogenic transformation and mineralization of vascular/valvular cells. However, monocytes/macrophages show the ability to modify their phenotype, and consequently their functions, when facing environmental modifications. This plasticity complicates efforts to understand the pathogenesis of CVC-particularly in a CKD setting, where both uraemic toxins and CKD treatment may affect monocyte/macrophage functions and thereby influence CVC. Here, we review (i) the mechanisms by which each monocyte/macrophage subset either promotes or prevents CVC, and (ii) how both uraemic toxins and CKD therapies might affect these monocyte/macrophage functions.
Collapse
|
27
|
Moore-Lotridge SN, Li Q, Gibson BHY, Martin JT, Hawley GD, Arnold TH, Saito M, Tannouri S, Schwartz HS, Gumina RJ, Cates JMM, Uitto J, Schoenecker JG. Trauma-Induced Nanohydroxyapatite Deposition in Skeletal Muscle is Sufficient to Drive Heterotopic Ossification. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:411-425. [PMID: 30515544 PMCID: PMC6437294 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), or the pathologic formation of bone within soft tissues, is a significant complication following severe injuries as it impairs joint motion and function leading to loss of the ability to perform activities of daily living and pain. While soft tissue injury is a prerequisite of developing HO, the exact molecular pathology leading to trauma-induced HO remains unknown. Through prior investigations aimed at identifying the causative factors of HO, it has been suggested that additional predisposing factors that favor ossification within the injured soft tissues environment are required. Considering that chondrocytes and osteoblasts initiate physiologic bone formation by depositing nanohydroxyapatite crystal into their extracellular environment, we investigated the hypothesis that deposition of nanohydroxyapatite within damaged skeletal muscle is likewise sufficient to predispose skeletal muscle to HO. Using a murine model genetically predisposed to nanohydroxyapatite deposition (ABCC6-deficient mice), we observed that following a focal muscle injury, nanohydroxyapatite was robustly deposited in a gene-dependent manner, yet resolved via macrophage-mediated regression over 28 days post injury. However, if macrophage-mediated regression was inhibited, we observed persistent nanohydroxyapatite that was sufficient to drive the formation of HO in 4/5 mice examined. Together, these results revealed a new paradigm by suggesting the persistent nanohydroxyapatite, referred to clinically as dystrophic calcification, and HO may be stages of a pathologic continuum, and not discrete events. As such, if confirmed clinically, these findings support the use of early therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing nanohydroxyapatite as a strategy to evade HO formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Moore-Lotridge
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave, Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South Tenth Street, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Room 450, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Breanne H Y Gibson
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave, Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Joseph T Martin
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, 301 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Gregory D Hawley
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Thomas H Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4202 Doctor's Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Masanori Saito
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sami Tannouri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South Tenth Street, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Room 450, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Herbert S Schwartz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Preston Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave, Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Justin M M Cates
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South Tenth Street, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Room 450, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21st Ave. South, Suite 4200 MCE, South Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 4202 Doctor's Office Tower, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2200 Pierce Ave, Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- , 2200 Pierce Ave, Robinson Research Building, Rm 454, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Showalter MR, Wancewicz B, Fiehn O, Archard JA, Clayton S, Wagner J, Deng P, Halmai J, Fink KD, Bauer G, Fury B, Perotti NH, Apperson M, Butters J, Belafsky P, Farwell G, Kuhn M, Nolta JA, Anderson JD. Primed mesenchymal stem cells package exosomes with metabolites associated with immunomodulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:729-735. [PMID: 30926165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based therapies are currently being evaluated as a putative therapeutic in numerous human clinical trials. Recent reports have established that exosomes mediate much of the therapeutic properties of MSCs. Exosomes are nanovesicles which mediate intercellular communication, transmitting signals between cells which regulate a diverse range of biological processes. MSC-derived exosomes are packaged with numerous types of proteins and RNAs, however, their metabolomic and lipidomic profiles to date have not been well characterized. We previously reported that MSCs, in response to priming culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironmental niche, substantially modulate cellular signaling and significantly increase the secretion of exosomes. Here we report that MSCs exposed to such priming conditions undergo glycolytic reprogramming, which homogenizes MSCs' metabolomic profile. In addition, we establish that exosomes derive from primed MSCs are packaged with numerous metabolites that have been directly associated with immunomodulation, including M2 macrophage polarization and regulatory T lymphocyte induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Shannon Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Joseph Wagner
- Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, USA
| | - Peter Deng
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Julian Halmai
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Kyle D Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Nicholas H Perotti
- Good Manufacturing Practice Facility, University of California Davis, USA
| | | | - Janelle Butters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Peter Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Maggie Kuhn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California Davis, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Recent Advances on Relationship Between Inorganic Phosphate and Pathologic Calcification: Is Calcification After Breast Augmentation with Fat Grafting Correlated with Locally Increased Concentration of Inorganic Phosphate? Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:243-252. [PMID: 30552471 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic calcification has frequently occurred after breast augmentation with fat grafting as well as other conditions such as breast cancer, trauma, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis and even after reduction mammoplasty. Inorganic phosphate, correlated with fat metabolism, is an important factor that induces pathologic calcification such as vascular calcification. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed with the keywords: calcification, inorganic phosphate, fat. Studies related to the process of pathologic calcification, correlation between inorganic phosphate and pathologic calcification, between inorganic phosphate and fat metabolism in pathologic calcification were collected. RESULTS Various mechanisms were referred to in pathologic calcification among which inorganic phosphate played an important role. Inorganic phosphate could be liberated, under the effect of various enzymes, in the process of fat metabolism. The authors hypothesized that a large-scale necrotizing zone, which could occur in fat grafting with large amounts per cannula, might provide a high-phosphate environment which might contribute to differentiation of surrounding cells such as stem cells or regenerated vessel cells into osteoblast-like cells that induce pathologic calcification. CONCLUSION Inorganic phosphate, which was correlated with fat metabolism, played a significant role in pathologic calcification. We firstly hypothesize that calcification after fat grafting may be related to locally increasing concentrations of phosphate in a necrotizing zone. Further research should be conducted to verify this hypothesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Collapse
|
30
|
Fukuda N, Tsuchiya A, Sunarso, Toita R, Tsuru K, Mori Y, Ishikawa K. Surface plasma treatment and phosphorylation enhance the biological performance of poly(ether ether ketone). Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
31
|
The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10060218. [PMID: 29844272 PMCID: PMC6024314 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10060218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with profound vascular remodeling, which accelerates the progression of cardiovascular disease. This remodeling is characterized by intimal hyperplasia, accelerated atherosclerosis, excessive vascular calcification, and vascular stiffness. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction has a key role in the remodeling process. Under uremic conditions, VSMCs can switch from a contractile phenotype to a synthetic phenotype, and undergo abnormal proliferation, migration, senescence, apoptosis, and calcification. A growing body of data from experiments in vitro and animal models suggests that uremic toxins (such as inorganic phosphate, indoxyl sulfate and advanced-glycation end products) may directly impact the VSMCs’ physiological functions. Chronic, low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress—hallmarks of CKD—are also strong inducers of VSMC dysfunction. Here, we review current knowledge about the impact of uremic toxins on VSMC function in CKD, and the consequences for pathological vascular remodeling.
Collapse
|
32
|
Updates on the Mechanisms and the Care of Cardiovascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2018; 38:233-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|