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Carrothers E, Appleby M, Lai V, Kozbenko T, Alomar D, Smith BJ, Hamada N, Hinton P, Ainsbury EA, Hocking R, Yauk C, Wilkins RC, Chauhan V. AOP report: Development of an adverse outcome pathway for deposition of energy leading to cataracts. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024. [PMID: 38644659 DOI: 10.1002/em.22594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cataracts are one of the leading causes of blindness, with an estimated 95 million people affected worldwide. A hallmark of cataract development is lens opacification, typically associated not only with aging but also radiation exposure as encountered by interventional radiologists and astronauts during the long-term space mission. To better understand radiation-induced cataracts, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework was used to structure and evaluate knowledge across biological levels of organization (e.g., macromolecular, cell, tissue, organ, organism and population). AOPs identify a sequence of key events (KEs) causally connected by key event relationships (KERs) beginning with a molecular initiating event to an adverse outcome (AO) of relevance to regulatory decision-making. To construct the cataract AO and retrieve evidence to support it, a scoping review methodology was used to filter, screen, and review studies based on the modified Bradford Hill criteria. Eight KEs were identified that were moderately supported by empirical evidence (e.g., dose-, time-, incidence-concordance) across the adjacent (directly linked) relationships using well-established endpoints. Over half of the evidence to justify the KER linkages was derived from the evidence stream of biological plausibility. Early KEs of oxidative stress and protein modifications had strong linkages to downstream KEs and could be the focus of countermeasure development. Several identified knowledge gaps and inconsistencies related to the quantitative understanding of KERs which could be the basis of future research, most notably directed to experiments in the range of low or moderate doses and dose-rates, relevant to radiation workers and other occupational exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Carrothers
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Appleby
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vita Lai
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatiana Kozbenko
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dalya Alomar
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Smith
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Chiba, Japan
| | - Patricia Hinton
- Defense Research & Development Canada, Canadian Forces Environmental Medicine Establishment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, UK Health Security Agency, Birmingham, UK
- Environmental Research Group within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robyn Hocking
- Learning and Knowledge and Library Services, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carole Yauk
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Turnham DJ, Smith H, Clarkson RWE. Suppression of Bcl3 Disrupts Viability of Breast Cancer Cells through Both p53-Dependent and p53-Independent Mechanisms via Loss of NF-κB Signalling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38255248 PMCID: PMC10813424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB co-factor Bcl3 is a proto-oncogene that promotes breast cancer proliferation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance, yet its role in breast cancer cell survival is unclear. Here, we sought to determine the effect of Bcl3 suppression alone on breast cancer cell viability, with a view to informing future studies that aim to target Bcl3 therapeutically. Bcl3 was suppressed by siRNA in breast cancer cell lines before changes in viability, proliferation, apoptosis and senescence were examined. Bcl3 suppression significantly reduced viability and was shown to induce apoptosis in all cell lines tested, while an additional p53-dependent senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype was also observed in those cells with functional p53. The role of the Bcl3/NF-κB axis in this senescence response was confirmed via siRNA of the non-canonical NF-κB subunit NFKB2/p52, which resulted in increased cellular senescence and the canonical subunit NFKB1/p50, which induced the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. An analysis of clinical data showed a correlation between reduced relapse-free survival in patients that expressed high levels of Bcl3 and carried a p53 mutation. Together, these data demonstrate a dual role for Bcl3/NF-κB in the maintenance of breast cancer cell viability and suggests that targeting Bcl3 may be more beneficial to patients with tumours that lack functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard W. E. Clarkson
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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Hoes L, Voordeckers K, Dok R, Boeckx B, Steemans B, Gopaul D, Pasero P, Govers SK, Lambrechts D, Nuyts S, Verstrepen KJ. Ethanol induces replication fork stalling and membrane stress in immortalized laryngeal cells. iScience 2023; 26:108564. [PMID: 38213791 PMCID: PMC10783606 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although ethanol is a class I carcinogen and is linked to more than 700,000 cancer incidences, a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol-related carcinogenesis is still lacking. Further understanding of ethanol-related cell damage can contribute to reducing or treating alcohol-related cancers. Here, we investigated the effects of both short- and long-term exposure of human laryngeal epithelial cells to different ethanol concentrations. RNA sequencing shows that ethanol altered gene expression patterns in a time- and concentration-dependent way, affecting genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, cytoskeleton remodeling, Wnt signaling, and transmembrane ion transport. Additionally, ethanol induced a slower cell proliferation, a delayed cell cycle progression, and replication fork stalling. In addition, ethanol exposure resulted in morphological changes, which could be associated with membrane stress. Taken together, our data yields a comprehensive view of molecular changes associated with ethanol stress in epithelial cells of the upper aerodigestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Hoes
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Voordeckers
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rüveyda Dok
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Steemans
- Laboratory of Microbial Systems Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diyavarshini Gopaul
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Sander K. Govers
- Laboratory of Microbial Systems Cell Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Nuyts
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, 3000 Leuven
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Artabotrys odoratissimus Bark Extract Restores Ethanol Induced Redox Imbalance and Toxicity in Hepatocytes and In Vivo Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3366-3383. [PMID: 36585550 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress is a key player in the development of liver diseases, and herbal alternatives are important means of ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects. The study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potentiality of Artabotrys odoratissimus, an important medicinal shrub from the family Annonaceae. The phenolic compounds from bark ethanol extract (BEE) were detected using RP-HPLC. The in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ethanol-induced damage was studied in HepG2 cells with cell viability assays, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, double staining assay and western blotting. The in vivo mice model was used to evaluate the alcohol-induced stress with liver function enzymes, lipid profile and histopathology. All the thirteen phenolic compounds detected with HPLC were docked onto protein targets such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NO). The RP-HPLC detected the presence of various phenolics including rutin, chlorogenic acid and catechin, amongst others. Co-administration of BEE with ethanol alleviated cell death, ROS and MMP in HepG2 cells compared to the negative control. The extract also modulated the MAP kinase/caspase-3 pathway, thereby showing protective effects in HepG2 cells. Also, pre-treatment for 14 days with the extract in the mice model before a single toxic dose (5 g/kg body weight) reduced the liver injury by bringing the levels of liver function enzymes, lipid profile and bilirubin to near normal. In silico analysis revealed that rutin showed the best binding affinity with all the target proteins in the study. These results provide evidence that BEE possesses significant hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in hepatic cells and in vivo models, which is further validated with in silico analysis.
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Yang Q, Ciebiera M, Bariani MV, Ali M, Elkafas H, Boyer TG, Al-Hendy A. Comprehensive Review of Uterine Fibroids: Developmental Origin, Pathogenesis, and Treatment. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:678-719. [PMID: 34741454 PMCID: PMC9277653 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are benign monoclonal neoplasms of the myometrium, representing the most common tumors in women worldwide. To date, no long-term or noninvasive treatment option exists for hormone-dependent uterine fibroids, due to the limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of uterine fibroids. This paper comprehensively summarizes the recent research advances on uterine fibroids, focusing on risk factors, development origin, pathogenetic mechanisms, and treatment options. Additionally, we describe the current treatment interventions for uterine fibroids. Finally, future perspectives on uterine fibroids studies are summarized. Deeper mechanistic insights into tumor etiology and the complexity of uterine fibroids can contribute to the progress of newer targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yang
- Qiwei Yang, Ph.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, M167, Billings, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Michal Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Cegłowska 80, 01-809, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority, formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo 35521, Egypt
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Correspondence: Ayman Al-Hendy, MD, Ph.D. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, N112, Peck Pavilion, Chicago, IL 60637. USA.
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Zhang YJ, Mu ZL, Deng P, Liang YD, Wu LC, Yang LL, Zhou Z, Yu ZP. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1052-1063. [PMID: 34733490 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. It is very important to find drugs with high efficiency, low toxicity, and low side effects for the treatment of cancer. Flavonoids and their derivatives with broad biological functions have been recognized as anti-tumor chemicals. 8-Formylophiopogonanone B (8-FOB), a naturally existed homoisoflavonoids with rarely known biological functions, needs pharmacological evaluation. In order to explore the possible anti-tumor action of 8-FOB, we used six types of tumor cells to evaluate in vitro effects of this agent on cell viability and tested the effects on clone formation ability, scratching wound-healing, and apoptosis. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of pharmacological action, we examined 8-FOB-induced intracellular oxidative stress and -disrupted mitochondrial function. Results suggested that 8-FOB could suppress tumor cell viability, inhibit cell migration and invasion, induce apoptosis, and elicit intracellular ROS production. Among these six types of tumor cells, the nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-1 cells were the most sensitive cancer cells to 8-FOB treatment. Intracellular ROS production played a pivotal role in the anti-tumor action of 8-FOB. Our present study is the first to document that 8-FOB has anti-tumor activity in vitro and increases intracellular ROS production, which might be responsible for its anti-tumor action. The anti-tumor pharmacological effect of 8-FOB is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Mu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Liang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Li-Chuan Wu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, and Department of Emergency Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ping Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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Yasin HK, Taylor AH, Ayakannu T. A Narrative Review of the Role of Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Development and Prevention of Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092149. [PMID: 33946913 PMCID: PMC8125712 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and prevalence of endometrial cancer is increasing globally. The main factors involved in this increase have been the way women live today and what they eat and drink. In fact, the obesity pandemic that is sweeping across the planet is considered to be the main contributory feature. This review aims to introduce to a new audience, those that are not experts in the field, what is known about the different types of endometrial cancer and the mechanisms for their induction and protection. We also seek to summarise the existing knowledge on dietary and lifestyle factors that prevent endometrial development in susceptible populations and identify the main problem in this arena; the paucity of research studies and clinical trials that investigate the interaction(s) between diet, lifestyle and endometrial cancer risk whilst highlighting those areas of promise that should be further investigated. Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer affecting the reproductive organs of women living in higher-income countries. Apart from hormonal influences and genetic predisposition, obesity and metabolic syndrome are increasingly recognised as major factors in endometrial cancer risk, due to changes in lifestyle and diet, whereby high glycaemic index and lipid deposition are prevalent. This is especially true in countries where micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals are exchanged for high calorific diets and a sedentary lifestyle. In this review, we will survey the currently known lifestyle factors, dietary requirements and hormonal changes that increase an individual’s risk for endometrial cancer and discuss their relevance for clinical management. We also examine the evidence that everyday factors and clinical interventions have on reducing that risk, such that informed healthy choices can be made. In this narrative review, we thus summarise the dietary and lifestyle factors that promote and prevent the incidence of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ku Yasin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cumberland Infirmary, Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
| | - Anthony H. Taylor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-151-708-9988 (ext. 4531)
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Ramalingam V, Rajaram R. A paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cancer signaling pathway: Physiology and pathology. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Da Costa RSS, Koifman RJ, Esteves VF, Schilling MPR, Koifman S, Silva IFD. Gene-Environment Interaction between Arg72Pro SNP and Selected Environmental Exposures among Brazilian Women Diagnosed with Benign Breast Disease. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3477-3485. [PMID: 33369442 PMCID: PMC8046329 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Benign breast disease (BBD) is a factor strongly associated with breast cancer worldwide. Arg72Pro SNP association with breast cancer is controversial due to the suggestion that environmental factors are required to modulate such risk. There are no studies evaluating these environmental interactions of the aforementioned SNP within BBD. Aim: To determine the frequency of SNP Arg72Pro in a cohort of women diagnosed with BBD; and to investigate gene-environmental interactions with environmental factors. Results: The genotype frequency was 44.6% for Arg/Pro, 39.3% for Arg/Arg genotype, and 16.3% for Pro/Pro homozygote. Gene-environment interaction analysis shows that when Arg/Arg is considered as reference, there is an ORinteraction with Arg/Pro and fabric exposure (OR=1.90;95%CI:1.04,3.48), solvents (OR=2.21;95%CI:1.01,4.83) and chlorine, bleaches, disinfectants, and liquid wax exposure (OR=2.52;95%CI:1.07,5.91). Analysis with Pro/Pro genotype as the reference showed an interaction between alcohol consumption and recessive model (OR=1.58;95%CI:1.00,2.51). Gene-environmental interactions were observed too between exposure to hair dyes, straighteners or relaxers and Arg/Arg (OR=3.26;95%CI:1.21,8.82). Conclusion: The Arg/Pro genotype was the most frequent in the BBD cohort. When compared with the Arg/Arg genotype, the presence of Arg/Pro genotype and solvents, fabric and cleaning products exposure increased the risk of BBD. When compared with Pro/Pro genotype, there were interactions between recessive model with alcohol consumption and exposure to hair products on the risk of BBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalina Jorge Koifman
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Koifman
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilce Ferreira Da Silva
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tanaka Y, Obinata H, Konishi A, Yamagiwa N, Tsuneoka M. Production of ROS by Gallic Acid Activates KDM2A to Reduce rRNA Transcription. Cells 2020; 9:E2266. [PMID: 33050392 PMCID: PMC7601038 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin, which is suggested to have anti-cancer effects, activates KDM2A to reduce rRNA transcription and proliferation of cancer cells. Thus, the specific activation of KDM2A may be applicable to the treatment of cancers. In this study, we screened a food-additive compound library to identify compounds that control cell proliferation. We found that gallic acid activated KDM2A to reduce rRNA transcription and cell proliferation in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Gallic acid accelerated ROS production and activated AMPK. When ROS production or AMPK activity was inhibited, gallic acid did not activate KDM2A. These results suggest that both ROS production and AMPK activation are required for activation of KDM2A by gallic acid. Gallic acid did not reduce the succinate level, which was required for KDM2A activation by metformin. Metformin did not elevate ROS production. These results suggest that the activation of KDM2A by gallic acid includes mechanisms distinct from those by metformin. Therefore, signals from multiple intracellular conditions converge in KDM2A to control rRNA transcription. Gallic acid did not induce KDM2A-dependent anti-proliferation activity in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. These results suggest that the mechanism of KDM2A activation by gallic acid may be applicable to the treatment of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan;
| | - Hideru Obinata
- Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Akimitsu Konishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Noriyuki Yamagiwa
- Laboratory of Molecular Design Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan;
| | - Makoto Tsuneoka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan;
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Exploring Mechanism of Key Chinese Herbal Medicine on Breast Cancer by Data Mining and Network Pharmacology Methods. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 27:919-926. [PMID: 32572780 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the key Chinese Herbal Medicines (KCHMs) against breast cancer by data mining, and analyze the potential mechanism of KCHMs using network pharmacology method. METHODS Clinical prescriptions consisted of CHMs for treating breast cancer were screened, and then Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (TCMISS) was applied to obtain the KCHMs. Subsequently, active ingredients and corresponding target genes of KCHMs were searched by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database, and target genes of breast cancer were collected using OMIM and MalaCards. After that, the overlapping target genes of KCHMs and breast cancer were screened, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. In addition, a network of "KCHMs-active ingredients-breast cancer-targets" was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.1. Finally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed with Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database to reveal the action mechanism of KCHMs. RESULTS A total of 7 KCHMs were identified, whose active ingredients include quercetin, luteolin, nobiletin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and be-ta-sitosterol, etc. Based on protein-protein interaction analysis, core targets were ESR1, MYC, CCND1, EGFR, CASP3, ERBB2, etc. Several KEGG pathways (e.g, PI3K-Akt, p53, ErbB, and HIF-1 signaling pathways) were found. CONCLUSION Based on the combination of the data mining method and network pharmacology approach, the therapeutic effect of KCHMs on breast cancer may be realized by acting on target genes and signaling pathways related to the formation and progression of breast cancer.
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Wu SY, Chen CY, Huang TL, Tsai MC. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutathione peroxidase as state biomarkers in alcohol use disorder patients undergoing detoxification. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19938. [PMID: 32332675 PMCID: PMC7440265 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is not totally clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress markers in AUD patients during alcohol detoxification. Evaluation of changes in BDNF, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine, PCC and S100B were carried out.14 AUD inpatients and 20 healthy control subjects were recruited for this study. The serum BDNF, S100B and oxidative stress markers were measured with assay kits.Serum levels of catalase, GPX, PCC and 8-hydroxy 2'-deoxyguanosine were significantly higher in the AUD group subjects than in the controls (P < .05). However, BDNF levels were lower in the AUD group than in the controls (P < .05). After alcohol detoxification treatment, the GPX levels in the AUD group dropped (P < .05) and the BDNF levels rose (P < .05).The results suggest that serum BDNF and GPX levels might be state biomarkers for AUD patients undergoing alcohol detoxification.
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Heng YJ, Hankinson SE, Wang J, Alexandrov LB, Ambrosone CB, de Andrade VP, Brufsky AM, Couch FJ, King TA, Modugno F, Vachon CM, Eliassen AH, Tamimi RM, Kraft P. The Association of Modifiable Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Somatic Genomic Alterations in Breast Tumors: The Cancer Genome Atlas Network. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:599-605. [PMID: 31932411 PMCID: PMC7060119 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between modifiable breast cancer risk factors and tumor genomic alterations remains largely unexplored. We evaluated the association of prediagnostic body mass index (BMI), cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption with somatic copy number variation (SCNV), total somatic mutation burden (TSMB), seven single base substitution (SBS) signatures (SBS1, SBS2, SBS3, SBS5, SBS13, SBS29, and SBS30), and nine driver mutations (CDH1, GATA3, KMT2C, MAP2K4, MAP3K1, NCOR1, PIK3CA, RUNX1, and TP53) in a subset of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS Clinical and genomic data were retrieved from the TCGA database. Risk factor information was collected from four TCGA sites (n = 219 women), including BMI (1 year before diagnosis), cigarette smoking (smokers/nonsmokers), and alcohol consumption (current drinkers/nondrinkers). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted in all tumors and stratified according to estrogen receptor (ER) status. RESULTS Increasing BMI was associated with increasing SCNV in all women (P = 0.039) and among women with ER- tumors (P = 0.031). Smokers had higher SCNV and TSMB versus nonsmokers (P < 0.05 all women). Alcohol drinkers had higher SCNV versus nondrinkers (P < 0.05 all women and among women with ER+ tumors). SBS3 (defective homologous recombination-based repair) was exclusively found in alcohol drinkers with ER- disease. GATA3 mutation was more likely to occur in women with higher BMI. No association was significant after multiple testing correction. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that BMI, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption can influence breast tumor biology, in particular, DNA alterations. IMPACT This study demonstrates a link between modifiable breast cancer risk factors and tumor genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing J Heng
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Christine B Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Adam M Brufsky
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tari A King
- Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rulla M Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Kraft
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Liu ZQ, Lu MY, Liu B. Polymorphisms in XPC Gene and Risk of Uterine Leiomyoma in Reproductive Women. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1459-1464. [PMID: 31428994 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
XPC gene belongs to DNA repair pathway, which is involved in the development of uterine leiomyoma. However, its relationships with leiomyoma risk were never reported. We here hypothesized that XPC gene was associated with the risk of uterine leiomyoma. In this case-control study with a total of 391 leiomyoma cases and 493 tumor-free controls in a reproductive women population in South China, two missense polymorphisms rs2228001 A > C (Lys939Gln) and rs2228000 C > T (Ala499Val) were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Then, the associations between these two polymorphisms and leiomyoma risk were investigated. It was revealed that the rs2228000 CT/TT variant genotypes had a decreased leiomyoma risk (adjusted odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.54-0.94) compared with rs2228000 CC genotype. Further stratified analysis also revealed that the protective effect of rs2228000 CT/TT on the risk of uterine leiomyoma was more evident among subjects who were younger than 35 years old compared with those with larger tumors (diameter of tumor >5 cm), and those with fewer number of myomas (only one). However, no significant association was observed for leiomyoma risk for rs2228001 A > C. This study indicated that genetic variations in XPC gene are associated with leiomyoma susceptibility in a reproductive women population. It warrants further confirmation in larger prospective studies with different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Yin Lu
- Department of Biobank, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Biobank, Baoan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Tête A, Gallais I, Imran M, Chevanne M, Liamin M, Sparfel L, Bucher S, Burel A, Podechard N, Appenzeller BMR, Fromenty B, Grova N, Sergent O, Lagadic-Gossmann D. Mechanisms involved in the death of steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes co-exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and ethanol: a possible key role for xenobiotic metabolism and nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:323-337. [PMID: 30268890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that co-exposing pre-steatotic hepatocytes to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogenic environmental pollutant, and ethanol, favored cell death. Here, the intracellular mechanisms underlying this toxicity were studied. Steatotic WIF-B9 hepatocytes, obtained by a 48h-supplementation with fatty acids, were then exposed to B[a]P/ethanol (10 nM/5 mM, respectively) for 5 days. Nitric oxide (NO) was demonstrated to be a pivotal player in the cell death caused by the co-exposure in steatotic hepatocytes. Indeed, by scavenging NO, CPTIO treatment of co-exposed steatotic cells prevented not only the increase in DNA damage and cell death, but also the decrease in the activity of CYP1, major cytochrome P450s of B[a]P metabolism. This would then lead to an elevation of B[a]P levels, thus possibly suggesting a long-lasting stimulation of the transcription factor AhR. Besides, as NO can react with superoxide anion to produce peroxynitrite, a highly oxidative compound, the use of FeTPPS to inhibit its formation indicated its participation in DNA damage and cell death, further highlighting the important role of NO. Finally, a possible key role for AhR was pointed out by using its antagonist, CH-223191. Indeed it prevented the elevation of ADH activity, known to participate to the ethanol production of ROS, notably superoxide anion. The transcription factor, NFκB, known to be activated by ROS, was shown to be involved in the increase in iNOS expression. Altogether, these data strongly suggested cooperative mechanistic interactions between B[a]P via AhR and ethanol via ROS production, to favor cell death in the context of prior steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tête
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Isabelle Gallais
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Chevanne
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie Liamin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Lydie Sparfel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Simon Bucher
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Burel
- Univ Rennes, Biosit - UMS 3480, US_S 018, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Brice M R Appenzeller
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, Inra, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) - UMR_S 1241, UMR_A 1341, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- HBRU, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Odile Sergent
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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16
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Bestwick CS, Milne L, Dance AM, Cochennec G, Cruickshank G, Allain E, Constable L, Duthie SJ, Thoo Lin PK. Caspase-independence and characterization of bisnaphthalimidopropyl spermidine induced cytotoxicity in HL60 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:342-350. [PMID: 29966682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bisnaphthalimides are DNA intercalators of potential use as chemotherapeutics but for which the range of mechanism of action is only gradually being elucidated. Using human promyelocytic HL-60 cells, we extend characterization of the cytotoxicity of bisnaphthalimidopropylspermidine (BNIPSpd) and examine the relationship with caspase-activity. Within 4 h exposure, BNIPSpd (1-10 μM) induced significant DNA strand breakage. Evidence of apoptosis was progressive through the experimental period. Within 6 h, BNIPSpd increased the proportion of cells exhibiting plasma membrane phosphatidylserine exposure. Within 12 h, active caspase expression increased and was sustained with 5 and 10 μM BNIPSpd. Flow cytometric analysis revealed caspase activity in cells with and without damaged membranes. By 24 h, 5 and 10 μM BNIPSpd increased hypodiploid DNA content and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (DNA ladders) typical of the later stages of apoptosis. 1 μM BNIPSpd exposure also increased hypodiploid DNA content by 48 h. Polyamine levels decreased by 24 h BNIPSpd exposure. The pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, significantly decreased DNA degradation (hypodiploid DNA and DNA ladders) and cytotoxicity. Despite this, cell growth and viability remained significantly impaired. We propose that BNIPSpd cytotoxicity arises through DNA damage and not polyamine depletion and that cytotoxicity is dominated by but not dependent upon caspase driven apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Bestwick
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Lesley Milne
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Dance
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gaela Cochennec
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gillian Cruickshank
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Eflamm Allain
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lynda Constable
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; The Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road Aberdeen, AB10 1GJ, UK
| | - Susan J Duthie
- The Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road Aberdeen, AB10 1GJ, UK
| | - Paul Kong Thoo Lin
- The Robert Gordon University, School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Sir Ian Wood Building, Garthdee Road Aberdeen, AB10 1GJ, UK
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17
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Singh H, Apte SK. Low concentrations of ethanol during irradiation drastically reduce DNA damage caused by very high doses of ionizing radiation. J Biosci 2018; 43:15-23. [PMID: 29485112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Presence of low concentrations (1-2%) of ethanol during irradiation exhibited significant protection against DNA damage caused by very high doses (2-12 kGy) of 60 Co-gamma-rays in vitro. Radiation-induced DNA damage was substantially reduced in different types of DNA molecules (chromosomal DNA from Anabaena 7120 or Deinococcus radiodurans or bacteriophage Lambda, and plasmid pBluescript DNA) when irradiated in the presence of ethanol, thus indicating the generic nature of ethanol protection. The radioprotection appeared to be a consequence of the well known ability of ethanol to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Addition of ethanol during 6 kGy irradiation also reduced DNA damage in vivo and improved post-irradiation growth recovery of Anabaena 7120 cultures. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of ability of very low ethanol concentrations to protect DNA from damage triggered by extremely high doses of 60 Co-gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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18
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Low concentrations of ethanol during irradiation drastically reduce DNA damage caused by very high doses of ionizing radiation. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9739-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Induces Apoptosis via ROS-Regulated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in HepG2 and Hep3B Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8148. [PMID: 28811603 PMCID: PMC5557873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been reported to cause numerous adverse effects. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying TNT-induced liver toxicity need to be elucidated. In this study, we used HepG2 (p53wt) and Hep3B (p53null) cell lines to investigate the cytotoxic effects of TNT. At first, we found that TNT significantly decreased cell viability and induced DNA damage. Thereafter, through transcriptomic analysis, we observed that the diverse biological functions affected included mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction was evidenced by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased expression of cleaved-caspase-9&-3 and increased caspase-3/7 activity, indicating that apoptosis had occurred. In addition, the expressions of some ER stress-related proteins had increased. Next, we investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in TNT-induced cellular toxicity. The levels of DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and apoptosis were alleviated when the cells were pretreated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). These results indicated that TNT caused the ROS dependent apoptosis via ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the cells transfected with CHOP siRNA significantly reversed the TNT-induced apoptosis, which indicated that ER stress led to apoptosis. Overall, we examined TNT-induced apoptosis via ROS dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress in HepG2 and Hep3B cells.
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Chen YX, Zhu DY, Yin JH, Yin WJ, Zhang YL, Ding H, Yu XW, Mei J, Gao YS, Zhang CQ. The protective effect of PFTα on alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100691-100707. [PMID: 29246013 PMCID: PMC5725055 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown alcohol plays a pivotal role in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of alcohol-induced ONFH and the protective effect of pifithrin-α (PFTα). In vitro, we found ethanol treatment significantly activated p53, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibited osteogenic-related proteins. Furthermore, by separating the cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, we found ethanol inhibited osteogenesis by impairing the accumulation of β-catenin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), which resulted from activating glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Therefore, PFTα, a p53 inhibitor, was introduced in this study to block the ethanol-triggered activation of p53 in hBMSCs and alcohol-induced ONFH in a rat model. In vivo, we established alcohol-induced ONFH in rats and investigated the protective effect of PFTα. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining combined with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining, and micro-CT images revealed substantial ONFH in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas significantly less osteonecrosis developed in the rats injected with PFTα. Osteogenic-related proteins, including osteocalcin, osteopontin and collagen I, were significantly decreased in the alcohol-administered rats, whereas these results were reversed in the PFTα-injected rats. Fluorochrome labeling similarly showed that alcohol significantly reduced the osteogenic activity in the rat femoral head, which was blocked by the injection of PFTα. In conclusion, PFTα had an antagonistic effect against the effects of ethanol on hBMSCs and could be a clinical strategy to prevent the development of alcohol-induced ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dao-Yu Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun-Hui Yin
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiong Mei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - You-Shui Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai 200233, China
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