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Hasan S, Ghani N, Zhao X, Good J, Huang A, Wrona HL, Liu J, Liu CJ. Dietary pyruvate targets cytosolic phospholipase A2 to mitigate inflammation and obesity in mice. Protein Cell 2024; 15:661-685. [PMID: 38512816 PMCID: PMC11365557 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a multifactorial etiology and is known to be a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, known as meta-inflammation. This state is associated with the development of metabolic disorders such as glucose intolerance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pyruvate is a glycolytic metabolite and a crucial node in various metabolic pathways. However, its role and molecular mechanism in obesity and associated complications are obscure. In this study, we reported that pyruvate substantially inhibited adipogenic differentiation in vitro and its administration significantly prevented HFD-induced weight gain, white adipose tissue inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. To identify the target proteins of pyruvate, drug affinity responsive target stability was employed with proteomics, cellular thermal shift assay, and isothermal drug response to detect the interactions between pyruvate and its molecular targets. Consequently, we identified cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) as a novel molecular target of pyruvate and demonstrated that pyruvate restrained diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissue inflammation, and hepatic steatosis in a cPLA2-dependent manner. Studies with global ablation of cPLA2 in mice showed that the protective effects of pyruvate were largely abrogated, confirming the importance of pyruvate/cPLA2 interaction in pyruvate attenuation of inflammation and obesity. Overall, our study not only establishes pyruvate as an antagonist of cPLA2 signaling and a potential therapeutic option for obesity but it also sheds light on the mechanism of its action. Pyruvate's prior clinical use indicates that it can be considered a safe and viable alternative for obesity, whether consumed as a dietary supplement or as part of a regular diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Hasan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Nabil Ghani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Xiangli Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Julia Good
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
| | - Amanda Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hailey Lynn Wrona
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jody Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- New York University, NY 14853, United States
| | - Chuan-ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
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Chand S, Tripathi AS, Dewani AP, Sheikh NWA. Molecular targets for management of diabetes: Remodelling of white adipose to brown adipose tissue. Life Sci 2024; 345:122607. [PMID: 38583857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder characterised metabolic dysfunction that results in elevated glucose level in the bloodstream. Diabetes is of two types, type1 and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is considered as one of the major reasons intended for incidence of diabetes hence it turns out to be essential to study about the adipose tissue which is responsible for fat storage in body. Adipose tissues play significant role in maintaining the balance between energy stabilization and homeostasis. The three forms of adipose tissue are - White adipose tissue (WAT), Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and Beige adipose tissue (intermediate form). The amount of BAT gets reduced, and WAT starts to increase with the age. WAT when exposed to certain stimuli gets converted to BAT by the help of certain transcriptional regulators. The browning of WAT has been a matter of study to treat the metabolic disorders and to initiate the expenditure of energy. The three main regulators responsible for the browning of WAT are PRDM16, PPARγ and PGC-1α via various cellular and molecular mechanism. Presented review article includes the detailed elaborative aspect of genes and proteins involved in conversion of WAT to BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushmita Chand
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Shiomurti Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, ERA College of Pharmacy, ERA University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anil P Dewani
- Department of Pharmacology, P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Luo M, Wang H, Zhang J, Yixi K, Shu S, Fu C, Zhong J, Peng W. IMF deposition ceRNA network analysis and functional study of HIF1a in yak. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1272238. [PMID: 37915947 PMCID: PMC10616239 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of intramuscular fat (IMF) is a crucial determinant of yak meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate IMF in yak remain largely elusive. In our study, we conducted transcriptome sequencing on the longissimus dorsi muscle tissues of yaks with varying IMF contents. We then filtered differentially expressed genes (DEGs), microRNAs (DEMs), and long non-coding RNAs (DELs) to elucidate potential regulatory pathways of adipogenesis in yaks. Overall, our research sheds light on an array of potential mRNAs and noncoding RNAs implicated in IMF deposition and elaborates on the role of HIF1α in yaks. These findings contribute valuable insights that can serve as a guide for further research into the molecular mechanisms governing IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kangzhu Yixi
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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4
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Goto A, Endo Y, Yamashita H. CREG1 stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:162-167. [PMID: 36528955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated gene 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in cell differentiation and energy metabolism. It also binds to insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), a protein implicated in muscle regeneration. However, whether CREG1 regulates the regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscles via IGF2R remains unclear. This study investigates the role of CREG1 in skeletal muscle regeneration and glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced mouse skeletal muscle regeneration model. CTX-treated skeletal muscle showed significantly higher levels of IGF2R, CREG1, phospho-AMPKα Thr172, and GLUT4 proteins. Similarly, treatment of myotubes with CREG1 also stimulated AMPKα phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. CREG1-induced AMPKα phosphorylation and 2DG uptake in myotubes were suppressed by IGF2R knockdown and Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that CREG1 stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscles partially through AMPK activation. Hence, CREG1 plays an essential role in muscle regeneration by affecting glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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5
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Yoon HJ, Yoon DS, Baek HJ, Kang B, Jung UJ. Dietary Sinapic Acid Alleviates Adiposity and Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:407-413. [PMID: 36721747 PMCID: PMC9843723 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.4.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinapic acid (SA), a hydroxycinnamic acid, is known to confer protection against oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, and liver disease. However, the effectiveness of SA in improving obesity remains obscure. Therefore, this study evaluated anti-obesity efficacy of SA and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Male mice were maintained for 16 weeks on high-fat diet (HFD) alone or with SA (0.004%, w/w) and bodyweight, fat mass, adipocyte size, food intake, and biochemical and molecular markers were evaluated. SA-supplemented mice demonstrated markedly decreased fat mass and adipocyte size compared to unsupplemented group, without any changes in bodyweight and food intake between the two groups. Plasma adipocytokines levels including leptin, resistin, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin-6 were also markedly reduced by SA supplementation. SA tended to lower plasma insulin level and improved homeostatic index of insulin resistance and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in HFD-induced obese mice. The anti-adiposity effect of SA was maybe owing to down-regulation of the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, including acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, fatty acid synthesis, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and phosphatidate phosphatase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, a transcription factor responsible for governing lipid metabolism, in adipose tissues. SA significantly down-regulated pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B, MCP-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Thus, SA could be beneficial for the development of functional foods or herbal medications to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Dae Seong Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Hea Ja Baek
- Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Department of Marine Fisheries Education, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea,
Correspondence to Un Ju Jung, E-mail:
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6
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Srivastava S, Rathor R, Singh SN, Suryakumar G. Insight into the role of myokines and myogenic regulatory factors under hypobaric hypoxia induced skeletal muscle loss. Biomarkers 2022; 27:753-763. [PMID: 35946424 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The present study aimed to analyze the role of myokines and the regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle during chronic hypobaric hypoxia (HH).Method: Male SD rats were exposed to HH for 1d, 3d, and 7d.Results: Exposure to HH enhanced the levels of decorin, irisin, IL-6 and IL-15 till 3 days of hypoxia and on 7 day of exposure, no significant changes were observed in relation to control. A significant upregulation in myostatin, AMPK, SMAD3, SMAD4, FOXO-1, MURF-1 expression was observed with prolonged HH exposure as compared to normoxic control. Further, myogenesis-related markers, PAX-7, Cyclin D1, and MYOG were downregulated during chronic HH exposure in comparison to control. Energy metabolism regulators such as SIRT1, PGC-1α, and GLUT-4, were also increased on 1d HH exposure that showed a declining trend on chronic HH exposure.Conclusion: These results indicated the impairment in the levels of myokines and myogenesis during prolonged hypoxia. Chronic HH exposure enhanced the levels of myostatin and reduced the regeneration or repair capacity of the skeletal muscles. Myokine levels could be a predictive biomarker for evaluating skeletal muscle performance and loss at high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Srivastava
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
| | - Geetha Suryakumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi-110054
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7
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Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Okada T, Takeuchi T, Goto A, Yamashita H. CREG1 improves diet-induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1-dependent manner in mice. Genes Cells 2022; 27:202-213. [PMID: 35007381 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared with that in PBS-treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1-treated mice compared to that in PBS-treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte-specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1-knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat-attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO-inhibitory effect of CREG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
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8
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Kusudo T, Okada T, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Niwa A, Yamashita H. CREG1 administration stimulates BAT thermogenesis and improves diet-induced obesity in mice. J Biochem 2021; 171:63-73. [PMID: 34647124 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes, which express thermogenic uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), stimulate glucose and lipid metabolism, improving obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Overexpression of cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) promotes adipose tissue browning and inhibits diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of CREG1 administration on DIO inhibition and adipose browning. Subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein to C57BL/6 mice stimulated UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and improved DIO, glucose tolerance, and fatty liver compared with those in PBS-treated mice. Injection of Creg1-expressing adenovirus into inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) significantly increased browning and mRNA expression of beige adipocyte marker genes compared with that in mice injected with control virus. The effect of Creg1 induction on beige adipocyte differentiation was supported in primary culture using preadipocytes isolated from IWAT of Creg1-transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type mice. Our results indicate a therapeutic effect of CREG1 on obesity and its associated pathology and a potential of CREG1 to stimulate brown/beige adipocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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9
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Li Y, Tian X, Zhang Q, Yan C, Han Y. A novel function of CREG in metabolic disorders. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:18-22. [PMID: 37724076 PMCID: PMC10388757 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are public health problems that require prevention and new efficient drugs for treatment. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is ubiquitously expressed in mature tissues and cells in mammals and plays a critical role in keeping cells or tissues in a mature, homeostatic state. Recently, CREG turns to be an important mediator in the development of metabolic disorders. Here in this review, we briefly discuss the structure and molecular regulation of CREG along with the therapeutic strategy to combat the metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Quanyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
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10
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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Insulin Resistance: Preclinical Studies in an Animal Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3734252. [PMID: 34557264 PMCID: PMC8455206 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3734252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired tissue response to insulin. Although there are many methods to diagnose IR, new biomarkers are still being sought for early and noninvasive diagnosis of the disease. Of particular interest in laboratory diagnostics is saliva collected in a stress-free, noninvasive, and straightforward manner. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in preclinical studies in an animal model. The study was conducted on 20 male Wistar rats divided into two equal groups: a standard diet and a high-fat diet (HFD). In all rats fed the HFD, IR was confirmed by an elevated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) index. We have shown that IR is responsible for the depletion of the enzymatic (↓superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic (↓ascorbic acid, ↓reduced glutathione (GSH)) antioxidant barrier at both the central (serum/plasma) and salivary gland (saliva) levels. In IR rats, we also demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of protein/lipid oxidation (↑protein carbonyls, ↑4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE)), glycation (↑advanced glycation end products), and nitration (↑3-nitrotyrosine) products in both saliva and blood plasma. Salivary nonenzymatic antioxidants and oxidative stress products generally correlate with their blood levels, while GSH and 4-HNE have the highest correlation coefficient. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE correlate with body weight and BMI and indices of carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR) and proinflammatory adipokines (leptin, resistin, TNF-α). These biomarkers differentiate IR from healthy controls with very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). The high diagnostic utility of salivary GSH and 4-HNE is also confirmed by multivariate regression analysis. Summarizing, saliva can be used to assess the systemic antioxidant status and the intensity of systemic oxidative stress. Salivary GSH and 4-HNE may be potential biomarkers of IR progression. There is a need for human clinical trials to evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary redox biomarkers in IR conditions.
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Hashimoto M, Goto A, Endo Y, Sugimoto M, Ueda J, Yamashita H. Effects of CREG1 on Age-Associated Metabolic Phenotypes and Renal Senescence in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031276. [PMID: 33525404 PMCID: PMC7866020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein that accelerates p16-dependent cellular senescence in vitro. We recently reported the ability of CREG1 to stimulate brown adipogenesis using adipocyte P2-CREG1-transgenic (Tg) mice; however, little is known about the effect of CREG1 on aging-associated phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the effects of CREG1 on age-related obesity and renal dysfunction in Tg mice. Increased brown fat formation was detected in aged Tg mice, in which age-associated metabolic phenotypes such as body weight gain and increases in blood glucose were improved compared with those in wild-type (WT) mice. Blood CREG1 levels increased significantly in WT mice with age, whereas the age-related increase was suppressed, and its levels were reduced, in the livers and kidneys of Tg mice relative to those in WT mice at 25 months. Intriguingly, the mRNA levels of Ink4a, Arf, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)-related genes and p38MAPK activity were significantly lowered in the aged kidneys of Tg mice, in which the morphological abnormalities of glomeruli as well as filtering function seen in WT kidneys were alleviated. These results suggest the involvement of CREG1 in kidney aging and its potential as a target for improving age-related renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Jun Ueda
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan; (A.G.); (Y.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (H.Y.)
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12
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Gomez-Auli A, Hillebrand LE, Christen D, Günther SC, Biniossek ML, Peters C, Schilling O, Reinheckel T. The secreted inhibitor of invasive cell growth CREG1 is negatively regulated by cathepsin proteases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:733-755. [PMID: 32385587 PMCID: PMC7873128 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous clinical and experimental evidence strongly supports a breast cancer-promoting function of the lysosomal protease cathepsin B. However, the cathepsin B-dependent molecular pathways are not completely understood. Here, we studied the cathepsin-mediated secretome changes in the context of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer mouse model. Employing the cell-conditioned media from tumor-macrophage co-cultures, as well as tumor interstitial fluid obtained by a novel strategy from PyMT mice with differential cathepsin B expression, we identified an important proteolytic and lysosomal signature, highlighting the importance of this organelle and these enzymes in the tumor micro-environment. The Cellular Repressor of E1A Stimulated Genes 1 (CREG1), a secreted endolysosomal glycoprotein, displayed reduced abundance upon over-expression of cathepsin B as well as increased abundance upon cathepsin B deletion or inhibition. Moreover, it was cleaved by cathepsin B in vitro. CREG1 reportedly could act as tumor suppressor. We show that treatment of PyMT tumor cells with recombinant CREG1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion; whereas, the opposite was observed with reduced CREG1 expression. This was further validated in vivo by orthotopic transplantation. Our study highlights CREG1 as a key player in tumor–stroma interaction and suggests that cathepsin B sustains malignant cell behavior by reducing the levels of the growth suppressor CREG1 in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gomez-Auli
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Elisabeth Hillebrand
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Christen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sira Carolin Günther
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Lothar Biniossek
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Peters
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Schilling
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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A Longitudinal Study of the Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Stress in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery. Does the Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Redox Homeostasis of Obese People? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040976. [PMID: 32244612 PMCID: PMC7230760 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to evaluate both the antioxidant barrier, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric treatment. The study included 65 patients with class 3 obesity divided into two subgroups: morbidly obese patients without metabolic syndrome (OB) and obese patients with metabolic syndrome (OB + MS). Blood samples were collected before surgery as well as one, three, six, and twelve months after the bariatric treatment. Superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly decreased, whereas glutathione reductase and uric acid were enhanced in morbidly obese patients before bariatric surgery as compared to lean control. Moreover, in the OB group, we observed the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the decrease of uric acid (UA) after the bariatric treatment; however, these changes were not observed in the OB + MS group. The oxidative damage to proteins (advanced glycation end products, AGE; advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP) and lipids (8-isoprostanes, 8-isop; 4-hydroxynoneal) was higher in OB as well as OB + MS patients. We noticed that AGE and AOPP levels diminished after the bariatric treatment, whereas redox status (ratio of GSH to oxidized glutathione) was still reduced in the OB + MS group. Summarizing, morbid obesity is associated with disturbances in the antioxidant barrier and enhanced oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Although bariatric surgery improves redox homeostasis in obese patients, those with metabolic syndrome show a continuous decrease in the antioxidant status. In patients undergoing bariatric treatment, antioxidant supplementation may be considered.
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14
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Zhang R, Saredy J, Shao Y, Yao T, Liu L, Saaoud F, Yang WY, Sun Y, Johnson C, Drummer C, Fu H, Lu Y, Xu K, Liu M, Wang J, Cutler E, Yu D, Jiang X, Li Y, Li R, Wang L, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. End-stage renal disease is different from chronic kidney disease in upregulating ROS-modulated proinflammatory secretome in PBMCs - A novel multiple-hit model for disease progression. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101460. [PMID: 32179051 PMCID: PMC7327976 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CKD acceleration of cardiovascular and other tissue inflammations remain poorly determined. Methods We conducted a comprehensive data analyses on 7 microarray datasets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD and ESRD from NCBI-GEO databases, where we examined the expressions of 2641 secretome genes (SG). Results 1) 86.7% middle class (molecular weight >500 Daltons) uremic toxins (UTs) were encoded by SGs; 2) Upregulation of SGs in PBMCs in patients with ESRD (121 SGs) were significantly higher than that of CKD (44 SGs); 3) Transcriptomic analyses of PBMC secretome had advantages to identify more comprehensive secretome than conventional secretomic analyses; 4) ESRD-induced SGs had strong proinflammatory pathways; 5) Proinflammatory cytokines-based UTs such as IL-1β and IL-18 promoted ESRD modulation of SGs; 6) ESRD-upregulated co-stimulation receptors CD48 and CD58 increased secretomic upregulation in the PBMCs, which were magnified enormously in tissues; 7) M1-, and M2-macrophage polarization signals contributed to ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs; 8) ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs contained senescence-promoting regulators by upregulating proinflammatory IGFBP7 and downregulating anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and telomere stabilizer SERPINE1/PAI-1; 9) ROS pathways played bigger roles in mediating ESRD-upregulated SGs (11.6%) than that in CKD-upregulated SGs (6.8%), and half of ESRD-upregulated SGs were ROS-independent. Conclusions Our analysis suggests novel secretomic upregulation in PBMCs of patients with CKD and ESRD, act synergistically with uremic toxins, to promote inflammation and potential disease progression. Our findings have provided novel insights on PBMC secretome upregulation to promote disease progression and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for novel regimens for CKD, ESRD and their accelerated cardiovascular disease, other inflammations and cancers. (Total words: 279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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15
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Das DK, Graham ZA, Cardozo CP. Myokines in skeletal muscle physiology and metabolism: Recent advances and future perspectives. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13367. [PMID: 31442362 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myokines are molecules produced and secreted by skeletal muscle to act in an auto-, para- and endocrine manner to alter physiological function of target tissues. The growing number of effects of myokines on metabolism of distant tissues provides a compelling case for crosstalk between skeletal muscle and other tissues and organs to regulate metabolic homoeostasis. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding the impact on metabolism of several canonical and recently identified myokines. We focus specifically on myostatin, β-aminoisobutyric acid, interleukin-15, meteorin-like and myonectin, and discuss how these myokines are induced and regulated as well as their overall function. We also review how these myokines may serve as potential prognostic biomarkers that reflect whole-body metabolism and how they may be attractive therapeutic targets for treating muscle and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibash K. Das
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY USA
- Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Zachary A. Graham
- Birmingham VA Medical Center University of Alabama‐Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology University of Alabama‐Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury James J. Peters VA Medical Center Bronx NY USA
- Department of Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
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16
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Xu F, Wang M, Hu S, Zhou Y, Collyer J, Li K, Xu H, Xiao J. Candidate Regulators of Dyslipidemia in Chromosome 1 Substitution Lines Using Liver Co-Expression Profiling Analysis. Front Genet 2020; 10:1258. [PMID: 31998355 PMCID: PMC6962132 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although many genetic factors have been unveiled, a large fraction of the phenotypic variance still needs further investigation. Chromosome 1 (Chr 1) harbors multiple gene loci that regulate blood lipid levels, and identifying functional genes in these loci has proved challenging. We constructed a mouse population, Chr 1 substitution lines (C1SLs), where only Chr 1 differs from the recipient strain C57BL/6J (B6), while the remaining chromosomes are unchanged. Therefore, any phenotypic variance between C1SLs and B6 can be attributed to the differences in Chr 1. In this study, we assayed plasma lipid and glucose levels in 13 C1SLs and their recipient strain B6. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis of liver transcriptome and “guilty-by-association” study, eight associated modules of plasma lipid and glucose were identified. Further joint analysis of human genome wide association studies revealed 48 candidate genes. In addition, 38 genes located on Chr 1 were also uncovered, and 13 of which have been functionally validated in mouse models. These results suggest that C1SLs are ideal mouse models to identify functional genes on Chr 1 associated with complex traits, like dyslipidemia, by using gene co-expression network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyi Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Maochun Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yuxun Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - John Collyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kai Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Junhua Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Junhua Xiao,
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17
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Raffaele M, Bellner L, Singh SP, Favero G, Rezzani R, Rodella LF, Falck JR, Abraham NG, Vanella L. Epoxyeicosatrienoic intervention improves NAFLD in leptin receptor deficient mice by an increase in HO-1-PGC1α mitochondrial signaling. Exp Cell Res 2019; 380:180-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Takeuchi T, Kataoka N, Mukai T, Yamashita H. CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:8069-8082. [PMID: 30917000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802147rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased formation of brown and beige adipocytes is critical for adaptive thermogenesis to maintain homeothermy in cold or to circumvent diet-induced obesity (DIO). Cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) exhibits the ability to stimulate brown adipogenesis, including the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), in vitro. Thus, we aimed to clarify whether CREG1 promotes brown adipocyte formation and inhibits DIO at the whole-animal level. In mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), CREG1 expression was markedly increased in cold but was decreased under thermoneutrality, suggesting CREG1 involvement in BAT thermogenesis. Moreover, in BAT and white adipose tissue, expression of UCP1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 and browning were both significantly higher in adipocyte P2-Creg1-transgenic (Tg) mice than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Following stimulation with a β3-adrenergic agonist, energy consumption was elevated in the Tg mice, which showed increased resistance to DIO and improvement of obesity-associated complications including fatty liver relative to WT mice. The CREG1 stimulatory effect on brown adipogenesis was confirmed in Tg-BAT primary cultures. It was also found that CREG1 binds to retinoid X receptor α, which interacts with thyroid hormone receptor for brown adipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and browning, ameliorating obesity and its related pathology in vivo.-Hashimoto, M., Kusudo, T., Takeuchi, T., Kataoka, N., Mukai, T., Yamashita, H. CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Mukai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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19
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Maciejczyk M, Żebrowska E, Chabowski A. Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What's New? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040874. [PMID: 30781611 PMCID: PMC6413037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, and mild cognitive impairment. Although some of these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to the neuronal redox imbalance and oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide a schematic overview of intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities in the IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far between brain oxidative stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well as neuronal apoptosis in the IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Ewa Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c Str., 15-222 Bialystok, Poland.
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20
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Ghobrial G, Araujo L, Jinwala F, Li S, Lee LY. The Structure and Biological Function of CREG. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:136. [PMID: 30416997 PMCID: PMC6212480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a 220 amino acid glycoprotein structurally similar to oxidoreductases. However, CREG does not have enzymatic activities because it cannot bind to the cofactor flavin mononucleotide. Although CREG can be secreted, it is mainly an intracellular protein localized in the endocytic-lysosomal compartment. It undergoes proteolytic maturation mediated by lysosomal cysteine proteases. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that CREG interacts with mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) and exocyst Sec8. CREG inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation and senescence when overexpressed in cultured cells. In Drosophila, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CREG causes developmental lethality at the pupal stage. In mice, global deletion of the CREG1 gene leads to early embryonic death. These findings establish an essential role for CREG in development. CREG1 haploinsufficient and liver-specific knockout mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what we know about the biochemistry and biology of CREG and to discuss the important questions that remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby Ghobrial
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Luiz Araujo
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Felecia Jinwala
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Leonard Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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