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Maboni G, Che S, Tallmadge R, De Luca E, Goodman LB, Weese JS, Sanchez S. Feline respiratory disease complex: insights into the role of viral and bacterial co-infections. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1455453. [PMID: 39290513 PMCID: PMC11405337 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1455453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline respiratory disease complex (FRDC) is a highly prevalent syndrome in cats that often result in fatal outcomes. FRDC etiology is complex, and often, multiple viral and bacterial pathogens are simultaneously associated with disease causation. There is limited information about the role of co-infections in pathogenesis and the current prevalence of pathogens in North America. We aimed to conduct a study using technical advances in molecular diagnosis and statistical modeling analysis to elucidate the occurrence of pathogens and how co-infections affect disease severity. We attained information from three diagnostic laboratories in North America regarding the occurrence of Bordetella bronchiseptica, Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma, Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), and influenza A, along with age, seasonality, sex, and clinical signs. We also evaluated the role of co-infections in disease severity. These pathogens were also investigated in clinically normal cats (control). The most detected pathogens were Mycoplasma, FCV, and FeHV-1. Most pathogens were detected in the control group, highlighting the challenge of interpreting positive testing results. Co-infections of Mycoplasma and FCV, as well as Mycoplasma and FeHV-1, were important predictors of disease severity. Age, sex, and season had a minor impact on pathogen occurrence. This study provides new insights into FRDC and underlines the relevance of diagnostic panels to screen for a range of pathogens, providing knowledge for timely diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazieli Maboni
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sunoh Che
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Tallmadge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Eliana De Luca
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Laura B Goodman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Phumthanakorn N, Potivanakul S, Kitjarak S, Lopnapun T, Moonkaew N, Changtrakul T, Chotimol W, Soonthornsit J. Characteristics of gallbladder microbiome in healthy dogs and cats, dogs with gallbladder mucocele, and cats with suspected cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2024; 88:77-86. [PMID: 38988335 PMCID: PMC11232090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and characterize the microbiome in bile samples obtained from dogs with gallbladder mucocele (6), cats with suspected cholangitis/cholangiohepatitis (4), as well as from healthy dogs (6) and cats (4). Our goal was to compare the microbiome patterns with clinical findings and bacterial culture results in diseases of the gallbladder and to identify a potential microbial biomarker of diseased groups. The microbial taxa composition revealed that Proteobacteria were the most dominant phylum in healthy and diseased individuals in all groups. Individuals from six families including Burkholderiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, constituted the core microbiome in the gallbladder of healthy dogs. A combination of LEfSe analysis and Taxa2ASV decomposer revealed that Pseudomonaceae and Ruminococcaceae exclusively occurred in the mucocele group. In conclusion, this study determined the core microbiome in the gallbladder of healthy dogs and the possible biomarkers (Pseudomonaceae and Ruminococcaceae) of gallbladder mucocele in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathita Phumthanakorn
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Seenam Potivanakul
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Siripassorn Kitjarak
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thanadol Lopnapun
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nutchawara Moonkaew
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thawanchay Changtrakul
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wichunee Chotimol
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jeerawat Soonthornsit
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science (Phumthanakorn) and Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health (Soonthornsit), Faculty of Veterinary Science (Potivanakul, Kitjarak, Lopnapun, Moonkaew, Changtrakul, Chotimol), Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Rösch S, Rickerts V, Mikić M, Wilmes D, Beineke A, Mischke R. [Differential diagnosis to malignant neoplasia: Nasopharyngeal mass in a cat with nasal cryptococcosis in Germany]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2024; 52:174-188. [PMID: 38925137 DOI: 10.1055/a-2324-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A 2-year-old Norwegian Forest cat was presented for evaluation of bilateral purulent nasal discharge and stertorous breathing. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the head revealed an intranasal mass of the left nasal cavity extending behind the tube openings and completely obstructing the nasopharynx. Rhinoscopy confirmed a pinkish, shiny mass. CT scan showed both compartments of the right middle ear filled with abnormal soft tissue attenuating material. There was no change in the bony outline of the middle ear. In the endoscopic examination, after endoscopically assisted tympanocentesis, this material in the accessible dorsolateral compartment proved to be classic polypous tissue in addition to highly viscous glue-like secretions. A secondary otitis media due to a drainage disorder was suspected.Using an endoscopic-interventional approach through the nostril, the nasopharyngeal mass was removed for histopathological examination, in order to restore the nasal airway, and to allow tube drainage. In contrast to cats with classical malignant nasal cavity masses, the cat showed several attachment points of the mass and multiple undulating elevations bilaterally in the nasopharyngeal mucosa.Cytological and histopathological examination identified the mass as a fungal granuloma in the context of a cryptococcus infection only rarely observed in Germany. Molecular genetic analysis confirmed an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii.A single intranasal and nasopharyngeal endoscopic debridement resulted in a significant improvement of the clinical signs and a complete healing of the right middle ear (including the tympanic membrane) within 14 days, but not in a complete cure of the disease. The cat was therefore treated with oral itraconazole solution for several weeks.The case report shows that nasal cryptococcosis can also affect cats in Germany. Rhinoscopy reveals a nasopharyngeal mass with multiple attachment points, which is unusual for a neoplasia. In addition to the recommended removal of the mass, oral administration of systemic antimycotics is strongly advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rösch
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Volker Rickerts
- Konsiliarlabor für Kryptokokkose und seltene Systemmykosen, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin
| | - Manon Mikić
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Dunja Wilmes
- Konsiliarlabor für Kryptokokkose und seltene Systemmykosen, Robert Koch Institut, Berlin
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Institut für Pathologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
| | - Reinhard Mischke
- Klinik für Kleintiere, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
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Akarsu H, Liljander AM, Lacasta A, Ssajjakambwe P, Brodard I, Cherbuin JDR, Torres-Puig S, Perreten V, Kuhnert P, Labroussaa F, Jores J. Canine Staphylococcaceae circulating in a Kenyan animal shelter. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0292423. [PMID: 38206027 PMCID: PMC10846116 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02924-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal shelters, especially in resource-poor countries, bring together pets from different regions and with different backgrounds. The crowding of such animals often results in infectious diseases, such as respiratory infections. This study characterized Staphylococcaceae from diseased and apparently healthy dogs housed in an animal shelter in Kenya, to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles, their genetic relatedness, and the presence of dominant clones. Therefore, bacteria were collected from all 167 dogs present in the shelter in June 2015 and screened for Staphylococcaceae using standard cultivation techniques. In all, 92 strains were isolated from 85 dogs and subsequently sequenced by PacBio long-read sequencing. Strains encompassed nine validated species, while S. aureus (n = 47), S. pseudintermedius (n = 21), and Mammaliicoccus (M.) sciuri (n = 16) were the three most dominant species. Two S. aureus clones of ST15 (CC15) and ST1292 (CC1) were isolated from 7 and 37 dogs, respectively. All 92 strains isolated were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations. In all, 86 strains had resistance-associated minimal inhibitory concentrations to at least one of the following antimicrobials: tetracycline, benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, kanamycin/gentamicin, or streptomycin. Many virulence-encoding genes were detected in the S. aureus strains, other Staphylococcaceae contained a different set of homologs of such genes. The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids and prophages, known to facilitate the dissemination of virulence- and resistance-encoding genes, was also assessed. The unsuspected high presence of two S. aureus clones in about 50% of dogs suggests dissemination within the shelter and a human source.IMPORTANCEMicrobiological data from sub-Saharan Africa are scarce compared to data from North America, Europe, or Asia, and data derived from dogs, the man's best friend, kept in sub-Saharan Africa are largely missing. This work presents data on Staphylococcaceae mainly isolated from the nasal cavity of dogs stationed at a Kenyan shelter in 2015. We characterized 92 strains isolated from 85 dogs, diseased and apparently healthy ones. The strains isolated covered nine validated species and we determined their phenotypic resistance and characterized their complete genomes. Interestingly, Staphylococcus aureus of two predominant genetic lineages, likely to be acquired from humans, colonized many dogs. We also detected 15 novel sequence types of Mammaliicoccus sciuri and S. pseudintermedius indicating sub-Saharan-specific phylogenetic lineages. The data presented are baseline data that guide antimicrobial treatment for dogs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Akarsu
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Écublens, Switzerland
| | - Anne M. Liljander
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anna Lacasta
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Ssajjakambwe
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinical and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isabelle Brodard
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy D. R. Cherbuin
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sergi Torres-Puig
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse, Bern, Switzerland
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zeineldin M, Barakat R. Host-specific signatures of the respiratory microbiota in domestic animals. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105037. [PMID: 37801741 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of respiratory microbiota in maintaining respiratory health is increasingly recognized, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the unique characteristics of respiratory microbiota specific to individual hosts. This study aimed to address this gap by analyzing publicly available 16S rRNA gene datasets from various domestic animals (cats, dogs, pigs, donkeys, chickens, sheep, and cattle) to identify host-specific signatures of respiratory microbiota. The findings revealed that cattle and pigs exhibited the highest Shannon diversity index and observed features, indicating a greater microbial variety compared to other animals. Discriminant analysis demonstrated distinct composition of respiratory microbiota across different animals, with no overlapping abundant taxa. The linear discriminant analysis effect size highlighted prevalent host-specific microbiota signatures in different animal species. Moreover, the composition and diversity of respiratory microbiota were significantly influenced by various factors such as individual study, health status, and sampling sites within the respiratory tract. While associations between host and respiratory microbiota have been uncovered, the relative contributions of host and environment in the selection of respiratory microbiota and their impact on host fitness remain unclear. Further investigations involving diverse hosts are necessary to fully comprehend the significance of host-microbial coevolution in maintaining respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zeineldin
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt.
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.
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Vientós‐Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Reinero CR. The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1641-1655. [PMID: 37551852 PMCID: PMC10473014 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy lungs were long thought of as sterile, with presence of bacteria identified by culture representing contamination. Recent advances in metagenomics have refuted this belief by detecting rich, diverse, and complex microbial communities in the healthy lower airways of many species, albeit at low concentrations. Although research has only begun to investigate causality and potential mechanisms, alterations in these microbial communities (known as dysbiosis) have been described in association with inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic respiratory diseases in humans. Similar studies in dogs and cats are scarce. The microbial communities in the respiratory tract are linked to distant microbial communities such as in the gut (ie, the gut-lung axis), allowing interplay of microbes and microbial products in health and disease. This review summarizes considerations for studying local microbial communities, key features of the respiratory microbiota and its role in the gut-lung axis, current understanding of the healthy respiratory microbiota, and examples of dysbiosis in selected respiratory diseases of dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida I. Vientós‐Plotts
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Aaron C. Ericsson
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- University of Missouri Metagenomics CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Carol R. Reinero
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Comparative Internal Medicine LaboratoryUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Cannon M. Feline respiratory disease. Part 1: common causes and reaching a diagnosis. IN PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Bacterial Contamination of Inhalation Chambers Used for Cats and Dogs with Chronic Airway Diseases. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020275. [PMID: 36839547 PMCID: PMC9961833 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation chambers (ICs) are regularly used in veterinary medicine for the inhalative treatment of chronic respiratory diseases in dogs and cats. Since therapy is usually required lifelong and daily, devices are frequently in use. The aim of this study was to identify bacterial contamination of ICs used for cats and dogs in relation to the applied cleaning measures. Swabs from ICs of 66 cats and 19 dogs with chronic airway diseases were obtained using a standardized protocol and subsequently cultured. A questionnaire was completed by the pet owners regarding the history of their pet's illness and applied device cleaning measures. Overall, 64% (54/86) of the ICs were found to be contaminated; the mask was significantly (p < 0.001) more often contaminated than other device parts. Most cultured bacteria were environmental contaminants; however, some harbored pathogenic potential. Cleaning frequency and method did not significantly influence the presence of contamination. Bacterial contamination of ICs, used for cats and dogs, is common but is not significantly influenced by the type or frequency of cleaning. To avoid potential infection by opportunistic bacteria, the instruction of pet owners regarding the maintenance of the ICs is recommended.
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Arnold HK, Hanselmann R, Duke SM, Sharpton TJ, Beechler BR. Chronic clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease associate with gut and respiratory microbiomes in a cohort of domestic felines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268730. [PMID: 36454958 PMCID: PMC9714858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD), often caused by infections etiologies, is a multifactorial syndrome affecting feline populations worldwide. Because of its highly transmissible nature, infectious FURTD is most prevalent anywhere cats are housed in groups such as animal shelters, and is associated with negative consequences such as decreasing adoption rates, intensifying care costs, and increasing euthanasia rates. Understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of FURTD is thus essential to best mitigate the negative consequences of this disease. Clinical signs of FURTD include acute respiratory disease, with a small fraction of cats developing chronic sequelae. It is thought that nasal mucosal microbiome changes play an active role in the development of acute clinical signs, but it remains unknown if the microbiome may play a role in the development and progression of chronic clinical disease. To address the knowledge gap surrounding how microbiomes link to chronic FURTD, we asked if microbial community structure of upper respiratory and gut microbiomes differed between cats with chronic FURTD signs and clinically normal cats. We selected 8 households with at least one cat exhibiting chronic clinical FURTD, and simultaneously collected samples from cohabitating clinically normal cats. Microbial community structure was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing of both gut and nasal microbiome communities. Using a previously described ecophylogenetic method, we identified 136 and 89 microbial features within gut and nasal microbiomes respectively that significantly associated with presence of active FURTD clinical signs in cats with a history of chronic signs. Overall, we find that nasal and gut microbial community members associate with the presence of chronic clinical course, but more research is needed to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Kristin Arnold
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rhea Hanselmann
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Duke
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brianna R. Beechler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
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Li Z, Di D, Sun Q, Yao X, Wei J, Li B, Liu K, Shao D, Qiu Y, Liu H, Cheng Z, Ma Z. Comparative Analyses of the Gut Microbiota in Growing Ragdoll Cats and Felinae Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182467. [PMID: 36139326 PMCID: PMC9494971 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Accumulating studies have revealed that the gut microbiota had intimate relations with the animal gastrointestinal tract diseases. Through regulating the development of the host’s intestinal immune system, the gut microbiota could directly influence the host’s intestinal function. In the current study, the gut microbiota of Ragdoll cats and Felinae cats were investigated and compared. Results demonstrated the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the Felinae cats were much higher than in the Ragdoll cats. However, the relative abundances of beneficial microbes in the Ragdoll cats were much higher than those in the Felinae cats. In all, different genetic portraits determined the different microbial communities in the feline gut. The candidate probiotics isolated in the growing cat’s gut might be applied to treat the gastrointestinal tract diseases. Abstract Today, domestic cats are important human companion animals for their appearance and favorable personalities. During the history of their domestication, the morphological and genetic portraits of domestic cats changed significantly from their wild ancestors, and the gut microbial communities of different breeds of cats also apparently differ. In the current study, the gut microbiota of Ragdoll cats and Felinae cats were analyzed and compared. Our data indicated that the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota in the Felinae cats were much higher than in the Ragdoll cats. The taxonomic analyses revealed that the most predominant phyla of the feline gut microbiota were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Campilobacterota, and others, while the most predominant genera were Anaerococcus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Finegoldia, Porphyromonas, Collinsella, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Prevotella, and others. Different microbial communities between the Ragdoll group and the Felinae group were observed, and the compared results demonstrated that the relative abundances of beneficial microbes (such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Blautia, Roseburia, and so on) in the Ragdoll group were much higher than in the Felinae group. The co-occurrence network revealed that the number of nodes and links in the Felinae group was significantly higher than the Ragdoll group, which meant that the network of the Felinae group was larger and more complex than that of the Ragdoll group. PICRUSt function analyses indicated that the differences in microbial genes might influence the energy metabolism and immune functions of the host. In all, our data demonstrated that the richness and diversity of beneficial microbes in the Ragdoll group were much higher than the Felinae group. Therefore, it is possible to isolate and identify more candidate probiotics in the gut microbiota of growing Ragdoll cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Di Di
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianchao Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Donghua Shao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yafeng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- Nanjing Policedog Insitute of the Ministry of Public Security, Nanjing 210012, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-21-3429-3139 (Z.M.); Fax: +86-21-5408-1818 (Z.M.)
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (Z.M.); Tel.: +86-21-3429-3139 (Z.M.); Fax: +86-21-5408-1818 (Z.M.)
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Meepoo W, Jaroensong T, Pruksakorn C, Rattanasrisomporn J. Investigation of Bacterial Isolations and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Chronic Rhinitis in Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121572. [PMID: 35739908 PMCID: PMC9219427 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinitis is a quite common upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in cats. As a result of unclear etiology, frequently, multidrug-resistant bacteria are identified. This study investigated bacterial isolations and an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) in chronic rhinitis in cats. The medical records of 395 cats with chronic URT signs were reviewed at the Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (KUVTH) between 2016 and 2021 to survey the underlying causes of URT. Then, apart from rhinitis, other causes were excluded to identify the bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results indicated that the most frequent finding was neoplasia, followed by rhinitis and anatomical defects. Furthermore, the only significant association was between the age range and disease group, with gender, FIV, or FeLV infection not being significant. Rhinitis was 4.7 times more likely to occur than neoplasia in younger and young adult cats in the age range < 1−3 years compared to the group > 10 years. The main bacterial species was the Pseudomonas species. Antimicrobials with a susceptibility rate of more than 90% were amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, marbofloxacin, imipenem, and meropenem. In conclusion, rhinitis was the second most common chronic URT disease in cats and was more common in younger and young adult cats. The predominant bacteria with AST in this study reflect the antimicrobial resistance situation. Thus, antimicrobial usage should follow antimicrobial use guidelines first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannisa Meepoo
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand;
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Tassanee Jaroensong
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Chantima Pruksakorn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (J.R.)
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12
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Vecere G, Malka S, Holden N, Tang S, Krumbeck JA. Comparison of ear canal microbiome in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) with and without otitis externa using next generation DNA sequencing. J Exot Pet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Lee D, Goh TW, Kang MG, Choi HJ, Yeo SY, Yang J, Huh CS, Kim YY, Kim Y. Perspectives and Advances in Probiotics and the Gut Microbiome in
Companion Animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:197-217. [PMID: 35530406 PMCID: PMC9039956 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the number of households that raise dogs and cats is increasing, there is
growing interest in animal health. The gut plays an important role in animal
health. In particular, the microbiome in the gut is known to affect both the
absorption and metabolism of nutrients and the protective functions of the host.
Using probiotics on pets has beneficial effects, such as modulating the immune
system, helping to reduce stress, protecting against pathogenic bacteria and
developing growth performance. The goals of this review are to summarize the
relationship between probiotics/the gut microbiome and animal health, to feature
technology used for identifying the diversity of microbiota composition of
canine and feline microbiota, and to discuss recent reports on probiotics in
canines and felines and the safety issues associated with probiotics and the gut
microbiome in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Tae Wook Goh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min Geun Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - So Young Yeo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Chul Sung Huh
- Research Institute of Eco-Friendly
Livestock Science, Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul
National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University,
Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Yoo Yong Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author: Younghoon Kim, Department of
Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life
Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea. Tel: +82-2-880-4808,
E-mail:
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14
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Vangrinsven E, Fastrès A, Taminiau B, Frédéric B, Daube G, Clercx C. Variations in facial conformation are associated with differences in nasal microbiota in healthy dogs. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:361. [PMID: 34819074 PMCID: PMC8611846 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extrinsic and intrinsic factors have been shown to influence nasal microbiota (NM) in humans. Very few studies investigated the association between nasal microbiota and factors such as facial/body conformation, age, and environment in dogs. The objectives are to investigate variations in NM in healthy dogs with different facial and body conformations. A total of 46 dogs of different age, living environment and from 3 different breed groups were recruited: 22 meso-/dolichocephalic medium to large breed dogs, 12 brachycephalic dogs and 12 terrier breeds. The nasal bacterial microbiota was assessed through sequencing of 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 regions) amplicons. RESULTS We showed major differences in the NM composition together with increased richness and α-diversity in brachycephalic dogs, compared to meso-/dolichocephalic medium to large dogs and dogs from terrier breeds. CONCLUSION Healthy brachycephalic breeds and their unique facial conformation is associated with a distinct NM profile. Description of the NM in healthy dogs serves as a foundation for future researches assessing the changes associated with disease and the modulation of NM communities as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Vangrinsven
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Aline Fastrès
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Billen Frédéric
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences - Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Clercx
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Quartier Vallée 2, Avenue de Cureghem 3, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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15
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Singleton DA, Pongchaikul P, Smith S, Bengtsson RJ, Baker K, Timofte D, Steen S, Jones M, Roberts L, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Dawson S, Noble PJM, Radford AD, Pinchbeck GL, Williams NJ. Temporal, Spatial, and Genomic Analyses of Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animals Reveals Phenotypes and Genotypes of One Health Concern. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:700698. [PMID: 34394045 PMCID: PMC8362618 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.700698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a globally important one health threat. The impact of resistant infections on companion animals, and the potential public health implications of such infections, has not been widely explored, largely due to an absence of structured population-level data. Objectives We aimed to efficiently capture and repurpose antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results data from several veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) across the United Kingdom to facilitate national companion animal clinical AMR surveillance. We also sought to harness and genotypically characterize isolates of potential AMR importance from these laboratories. Methods We summarized AST results for 29,330 canine and 8,279 feline Enterobacteriaceae isolates originating from companion animal clinical practice, performed between April 2016 and July 2018 from four VDLs, with submissions from 2,237 United Kingdom veterinary practice sites. Results Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae in dogs (69.4% of AST results, 95% confidence interval, CI, 68.7-70.0) and cats (90.5%, CI 89.8-91.3). Multi-drug resistance was reported in 14.1% (CI 13.5-14.8) of canine and 12.0% (CI 11.1-12.9) of feline E. coli isolates. Referral practices were associated with increased E. coli 3rd generation ≤ cephalosporin resistance odds (dogs: odds ratio 2.0, CI 1.2-3.4). We selected 95 E. coli isolates for whole genome analyses, of which seven belonged to sequence type 131, also carrying the plasmid-associated extended spectrum β-lactamase gene bla CTX-M- 15. The plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-9 was also identified for the first time in companion animals. Conclusions Linking clinical AMR data with genotypic characterization represents an efficient means of identifying important resistance trends in companion animals on a national scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Singleton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom.,Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Shirley Smith
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Bengtsson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Baker
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Steen
- NationWide Laboratories/C.A.P.L. Ltd., Knutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Susan Dawson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - P-J M Noble
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Alan D Radford
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Neston, United Kingdom
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16
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Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Cats: Novel Insights on the Potential Role of Fungi in Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070904. [PMID: 34358054 PMCID: PMC8308807 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested the involvement of viral and bacterial components in the initiation and progression of feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), but the role of fungi remains entirely unknown. This pilot study aimed to investigate the bacteriome and mycobiome in feline oral health and disease. Physical exams, including oral health assessment, of privately owned, clinically healthy (CH) cats (n = 14) and cats affected by FCGS (n = 14) were performed. Using a sterile swab, oral tissue surfaces of CH and FCGS cats were sampled and submitted for 16S rRNA and ITS-2 next-generation DNA sequencing. A high number of fungal species (n = 186) was detected, with Malassezia restricta, Malassezia arunalokei, Cladosporium penidielloides/salinae, and Aspergillaceae sp. being significantly enriched in FCGS samples, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in CH samples. The bacteriome was significantly distinct between groups, and significant inter-kingdom interactions were documented. Bergeyella zoohelcum was identified as a potential biomarker of a healthy feline oral microbiome. These data suggest that fungi might play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of FCGS, and that oral health should not simply be regarded as the absence of microbial infections. Instead, it may be viewed as the biological interactions between bacterial and fungal populations that coexist to preserve a complex equilibrium in the microenvironment of the mouth. Additional investigations are needed to improve our understanding of the feline oral ecosystem and the potential interactions between viruses, bacteria, and fungi in FCGS.
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17
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DeCandia AL, Cassidy KA, Stahler DR, Stahler EA, vonHoldt BM. Social environment and genetics underlie body site-specific microbiomes of Yellowstone National Park gray wolves ( Canis lupus). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:9472-9488. [PMID: 34306636 PMCID: PMC8293786 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-associated microbiome is an important player in the ecology and evolution of species. Despite growing interest in the medical, veterinary, and conservation communities, there remain numerous questions about the primary factors underlying microbiota, particularly in wildlife. We bridged this knowledge gap by leveraging microbial, genetic, and observational data collected in a wild, pedigreed population of gray wolves (Canis lupus) inhabiting Yellowstone National Park. We characterized body site-specific microbes across six haired and mucosal body sites (and two fecal samples) using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. At the phylum level, we found that the microbiome of gray wolves primarily consists of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria, consistent with previous studies within Mammalia and Canidae. At the genus level, we documented body site-specific microbiota with functions relevant to microenvironment and local physiological processes. We additionally employed observational and RAD sequencing data to examine genetic, demographic, and environmental correlates of skin and gut microbiota. We surveyed individuals across several levels of pedigree relationships, generations, and social groups, and found that social environment (i.e., pack) and genetic relatedness were two primary factors associated with microbial community composition to differing degrees between body sites. We additionally reported body condition and coat color as secondary factors underlying gut and skin microbiomes, respectively. We concluded that gray wolf microbiota resemble similar host species, differ between body sites, and are shaped by numerous endogenous and exogenous factors. These results provide baseline information for this long-term study population and yield important insights into the evolutionary history, ecology, and conservation of wild wolves and their associated microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. DeCandia
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology InstituteNational Zoological ParkWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kira A. Cassidy
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesNational Park ServiceYellowstone National ParkWYUSA
| | - Daniel R. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesNational Park ServiceYellowstone National ParkWYUSA
| | - Erin A. Stahler
- Yellowstone Center for ResourcesNational Park ServiceYellowstone National ParkWYUSA
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18
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A novel Filobacterium sp can cause chronic bronchitis in cats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251968. [PMID: 34106938 PMCID: PMC8189514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CARB; now known as Filobacterium rodentium gen. nov., sp. nov.) is a primary pathogen of rodents. A CARB-like organism was reported in post-mortem lung samples of cats using light and electron microscopy. Here we explore by molecular procedures if a Filobacterium sp. is a part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome and whether it could in some cats contribute to the development of chronic bronchial disease. Methodology A Filobacterium sp. was identified in three Czech cats clinically diagnosed as having chronic neutrophilic bronchitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens obtained from these cats were subjected to panbacterial 16S rDNA PCR followed by Sanger sequencing of the V5 to V8 region. After these cats were treated with specific antimicrobials, their clinical signs resolved promptly, without recurrence. Next, BALF specimens from 13 Australian and 11 Italian cats with lower respiratory disease and an additional 16 lung samples of Italian cats who died of various causes were examined using next generation sequencing (NGS). Subsequently, a Filobacterium-specific qPCR assay was developed and used to re-test BALF specimens from the 11 Italian cats and lung tissue homogenates from the additional 16 deceased cats. Principal findings An amplicon of 548 bp with 91.24% sequence agreement with Filobacterium rodentium was obtained from all three patients, suggesting the novel Filobacterium sp. was the cause of their lower respiratory disease. The novel Filobacterium sp., which we propose to call F. felis, was detected in 3/3 Czech cats with chronic neutrophilic bronchitis, 13/13 Australian cats and 6/11 Italian cats with chronic lower respiratory disease, and 14/16 necropsy lung specimens from Italian cats. NGS and qPCR results all showed identical sequences. The Filobacterium sp. was sometimes the preponderant bacterial species in BALF specimens from cats with lower airway disease. There was an association between the presence of large numbers (greater than 105 organisms/mL) of Filobacterium and the presence of neutrophilic and/or histiocytic inflammation, although only a subset of inflammatory BALF specimens had F. felis as the preponderant organism. Conclusion The novel Filobacterium sp. comprises a finite part of the normal feline lower respiratory microbiome. Under certain circumstances it can increase in absolute and relative abundance and give rise to neutrophilic and/or histiocytic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia. These findings strongly suggest that F. felis could be an underdiagnosed cause of feline bronchial disease.
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19
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Mach N, Baranowski E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:583600. [PMID: 34055660 PMCID: PMC8160460 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.583600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Baranowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Xavier Nouvel
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Citti
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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20
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Thomas S, Lappin DF, Nile CJ, Spears J, Bennett D, Brandt BW, Riggio MP. Microbiome analysis of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) and feline oral health. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33856291 PMCID: PMC8289211 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is one of the most common and painful oral diseases of the cat. It is characterised by tooth resorption due to destructive activity of odontoclasts. FORL can result in tooth loss. While the aetiology of FORL is not clearly understood, it is thought to be multifactorial and bacteria are likely to play a major role. Hypothesis Dysbiosis of the normal feline oral microbiota leads to an alteration in commensal bacteria populations, which results in the development of FORL. Aim The purpose of the current study was to determine the composition of the microbiomes associated with feline oral health and FORL. Methodology Supragingival plaque was collected from 25 cats with a healthy oral cavity and 40 cats with FORL. DNA was extracted from each sample, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene amplified by polymerase chain reaction and amplicons sequenced. Diversity and species richness analyses were performed, principal component analysis was used to explore differences between the oral microbiomes of healthy cats and those with FORL, and linear discriminant analysis effect size was used to assess differences between the groups. Results The six most abundant bacterial genera identified were Bergeyella, Capnocytophaga, Lampropedia, Morexella, Porphyromonas and Treponema. Two-step cluster analysis of the data identified two FORL sub-groups (FORL-1, FORL-2). The FORL-2 sub-group was very similar to the healthy group, whilst the FORL-1 sub-group was clearly different from both the FORL-2 sub-group and the healthy groups. In this analysis, Capnocytophaga (P <0.001) and Lampropedia (P <0.01) were found at significantly lower levels and Porphyromonas at a slightly higher level in the FORL-1 sub-group compared to the healthy and FORL-2 sub-groups. Microbial diversity was found to be less in the FORL-1 sub-group than in the healthy group. Lampropedia sp., a phosphate-accumulating oral commensal species, was significantly lower in the FORL-1 sub-group. Conclusion The oral microbiota associated with the FORL-1 sub-group is distinct from that found in the healthy group and FORL-2 sub-group. Lampropedia species may influence the local calcium-phosphate ratio, which could be a factor in tooth and bone resorption observed in FORL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Thomas
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David F Lappin
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christopher J Nile
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - David Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcello P Riggio
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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21
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Lucyshyn DR, Maggs DJ, Cooper AE, Rousseau JD, Weese JS. Feline conjunctival microbiota in a shelter: effects of time, upper respiratory disease and famciclovir administration. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:316-330. [PMID: 32820981 PMCID: PMC10812210 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20949038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the conjunctival microbiota of shelter-housed cats with time, upper respiratory disease (URD) and famciclovir administration. METHODS Cats were assigned to treatment groups on shelter entry. Healthy cats or cats with URD received ~30 mg/kg or ~90 mg/kg of famciclovir or placebo PO q12h for 7 days, or were untreated. Swabs were collected from ventral conjunctival fornices prior to (day 1) and immediately after (day 8) the treatment period. Microbiota analysis was conducted on 124 randomly selected swabs from healthy (56 swabs) or URD-affected (68 swabs) cats. Following DNA extraction and amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, sequences were assembled into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Over-represented OTUs (as determined by linear discriminate analysis effect size), alpha and beta diversity, and median relative abundance of known feline ocular surface pathogens were assessed for the entire population and in 10 clinically relevant subpopulations of cats. RESULTS Bacteria from 33 phyla and 70 genera were identified. Considering all cats, median relative abundance of Mycoplasma increased from day 1 to day 8, while Proteobacteria decreased. Community membership and structure (beta diversity) differed between days 1 and 8 for all famciclovir-treated cats (regardless of health status or dose) and healthy or URD-affected cats (regardless of famciclovir dose). Differences in taxonomic diversity within a sample (alpha diversity) between day 1 and day 8 were not detected in any subpopulations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Within 1 week of shelter entry, there were significant changes in community structure and membership of the feline conjunctival microbiota, with a shift towards over-representation of feline ocular surface pathogens. Although famciclovir may impact beta diversity of the feline conjunctival microbiota, absence of change in alpha diversity suggests minimal shift in individual cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica R Lucyshyn
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Maggs
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ann E Cooper
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joyce D Rousseau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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22
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Gomez DE, Arroyo LG, Lillie B, Weese JS. Nasal bacterial microbiota during an outbreak of equine herpesvirus 1 at a farm in southern Ontario. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2021; 85:3-11. [PMID: 33390647 PMCID: PMC7747660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy horses and horses infected with equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). The nasal bacterial microbiota of 10 horses infected with EHV-1 and 11 control horses from a farm experiencing an outbreak was characterized using the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The nasal bacterial microbiota of healthy horses and EHV-1 horses was significantly different in community membership and structure. Horses shedding EHV-1 had lower bacterial richness (P = 0.002), evenness (P = 0.008), and diversity (P = 0.026) than healthy horses. Healthy horses had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, but lower Proteobacteria than horses with EHV-1 (P < 0.05). This study provides the basis for generating hypotheses and investigations on the role of bacterial-viral interactions in the health and diseases of adult horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego E Gomez
- Department of Clinical Studies (Gomez, Arroyo) and Department of Pathobiology (Lillie, Weese), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Luis G Arroyo
- Department of Clinical Studies (Gomez, Arroyo) and Department of Pathobiology (Lillie, Weese), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - Brandon Lillie
- Department of Clinical Studies (Gomez, Arroyo) and Department of Pathobiology (Lillie, Weese), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Clinical Studies (Gomez, Arroyo) and Department of Pathobiology (Lillie, Weese), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario
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Dear JD, Vernau W, Johnson EG, Hulsebosch SE, Johnson LR. Clinicopathologic and radiographic features in 33 cats with aspiration and 26 cats with bronchopneumonia (2007-2017). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:480-489. [PMID: 33315286 PMCID: PMC7848386 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aspiration pneumonia (AP) and bronchopneumonia (BP) are poorly characterized diseases in cats that share clinical similarities to inflammatory airway disease (IAD). Objectives Describe clinicopathologic, radiographic, and microbiologic features in cats with AP and BP and compare findings to those in cats with IAD. Animals Thirty‐three cats with AP and 26 with BP; 44 cats with IAD. Methods Retrospective case‐control study. Results extracted for all cats included signalment, physical examination findings, historical details, and potential risk factors for aspiration. Diagnostic test results were summarized including CBC, bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid analysis and microbial culture. Radiographs were reviewed in masked fashion and scored for severity. Results of BAL fluid analysis were assessed for evidence of septic inflammation. Results Cats with AP were less likely to be presented for evaluation of cough (P < .001) and more likely to be hypothermic (P = .01) than were cats with IAD or BP. Median duration of signs was significantly shorter in cats with AP (12 days) compared to cats with BP or IAD (270 and 180 days; P = .01). Radiographically, cats with AP were more likely to have an alveolar pattern and higher total score than were cats with BP or IAD. Mycoplasma spp. were the organisms most commonly cultured from BAL fluid in cats with BP, but were not cultured from any cats with AP. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Pneumonia must be distinguished from IAD in cats with cough and AP should be considered in cats with acute onset of tachypnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Dear
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - William Vernau
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean E Hulsebosch
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lynelle R Johnson
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Brown JD, Woerde DJ, Hoffmann KL, Liu WM, Goldsmid S, Brown NL. Partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary polyvinylchloride stent. JFMS Open Rep 2020; 6:2055116920943689. [PMID: 32843988 PMCID: PMC7418253 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920943689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 3-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for further investigation of a swollen left eyelid and a hard, non-painful bony swelling over the left frontal sinus. Physical examination revealed no nasal discharge or airflow through the left nostril. A CT of the head revealed a left frontal sinus obstruction with expansile remodelling and osteolucency. Drainage of the frontal sinus obstruction was alleviated via placement of a temporary polyvinylchloride (PVC) stent that was left in place for 6 weeks. Purulent material removed from the frontal sinus returned a positive culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptible to marbofloxacin that was continued for 4 weeks, and for an additional 2 weeks after stent removal. A left-sided mucoid nasal discharge returned 3 months after removal of the stent. Repeat CT performed 20 months after surgery found the presence of a gas-filled frontal sinus and partial resolution in the amount of fluid within the mid and rostral nasal cavity. A repeat positive culture for P aeruginosa was also obtained. The exact cause of the chronic unilateral sinonasal obstruction remains unclear, but an underlying chronic rhinitis with secondary obstructive frontal sinusitis or sinus mucocoele with secondary nasal extension was suspected. Relevance and novel information Chronic rhinosinusitis in cats can be a challenging condition to treat and cure. This case illustrates the partial resolution of chronic unilateral sinonasal obstructive disease in a cat using a temporary PVC stent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karon L Hoffmann
- Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush, NSW, Australia.,Imaging Vets, Putney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wen-Meng Liu
- Animal Referral Hospital, Homebush, NSW, Australia
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25
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Rojas CA, Holekamp KE, Winters AD, Theis KR. Body site-specific microbiota reflect sex and age-class among wild spotted hyenas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5700710. [PMID: 31926016 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host-associated microbial communities, henceforth 'microbiota', can affect the physiology and behavior of their hosts. In mammals, host ecological, social and environmental variables are associated with variation in microbial communities. Within individuals in a given mammalian species, the microbiota also partitions by body site. Here, we build on this work and sequence the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to profile the microbiota at six distinct body sites (ear, nasal and oral cavities, prepuce, rectum and anal scent gland) in a population of wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), which are highly social, large African carnivores. We inquired whether microbiota at these body sites vary with host sex or social rank among juvenile hyenas, and whether they differ between juvenile females and adult females. We found that the scent gland microbiota differed between juvenile males and juvenile females, whereas the prepuce and rectal microbiota differed between adult females and juvenile females. Social rank, however, was not a significant predictor of microbiota profiles. Additionally, the microbiota varied considerably among the six sampled body sites and exhibited strong specificity among individual hyenas. Thus, our findings suggest that site-specific niche selection is a primary driver of microbiota structure in mammals, but endogenous host factors may also be influential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie A Rojas
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kay E Holekamp
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, 293 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kevin R Theis
- BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Rd, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
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26
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Darden JE, Scott EM, Arnold C, Scallan EM, Simon BT, Suchodolski JS. Evaluation of the bacterial ocular surface microbiome in clinically normal cats before and after treatment with topical erythromycin. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223859. [PMID: 31603921 PMCID: PMC6788832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocular surface microbiome of veterinary species has not been thoroughly characterized using next generation sequencing. Furthermore, alterations in the feline ocular surface microbiome over time or following topical antibiotic treatment are unknown. Aims of this study were to further characterize the ocular surface microbiome of healthy cats and to identify whether there are microbial community changes over time and following topical antibiotic use. Twenty-four eyes from twelve adult, research-bred, female spayed domestic shorthaired cats were evaluated. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment (0.5%) was applied to the ocular surface of one randomly assigned eye per cat three times daily for 7 days, while the fellow eye served as an untreated control. The ocular surface was sampled by swabbing the inferior conjunctival fornix of both eyes prior to initiating treatment (day 0), after 1 week of treatment (day 7), and 4 weeks after concluding treatment (day 35). Genomic DNA was extracted from the swabs and sequenced using primers that target the V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. At baseline, the most common bacterial phyla identified were Proteobacteria (42.4%), Firmicutes (30.0%), Actinobacteria (15.6%), and Bacteroidetes (8.1%). The most abundant bacterial families sequenced were Corynebacteriaceae (7.8%), Helicobacteraceae (7.5%), Moraxellaceae (6.1%), and Comamonadaceae (5.6%). Alpha and beta diversity measurements were largely unchanged in both treatment and control eyes over time. However, univariate and linear discriminant analyses revealed significant and similar changes in the abundance of some bacterial taxa over time in both treatment and control eyes. Overall, the feline ocular surface microbiome remained stable over time and following topical antibiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Darden
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carolyn Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Scallan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bradley T. Simon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Schuelke T, Pereira TJ, Hardy SM, Bik HM. Nematode-associated microbial taxa do not correlate with host phylogeny, geographic region or feeding morphology in marine sediment habitats. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1930-1951. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taruna Schuelke
- Department of Nematology; University of California, Riverside; Riverside CA USA
| | - Tiago José Pereira
- Department of Nematology; University of California, Riverside; Riverside CA USA
| | - Sarah M. Hardy
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences; University of Alaska; Fairbanks AK USA
| | - Holly M. Bik
- Department of Nematology; University of California, Riverside; Riverside CA USA
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28
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Gergeleit H, Bienert-Zeit A, Ohnesorge B. Cytologic and Microbiological Examination of Secretions From the Paranasal Sinuses in Horses and Other Species. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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