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Time above threshold plasma concentrations as pharmacokinetic parameter in the comparison of oral and intravenous docetaxel treatment of breast cancer tumors. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:281-289. [PMID: 36730487 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonging the time which plasma concentrations of antimitotic drugs, such as the taxanes, exceed cytotoxic threshold levels may be beneficial for their efficacy. Orally administered docetaxel offers an undemanding approach to optimize such time above threshold plasma concentrations (t C>threshold ). METHODS A nonsystematic literature screen was performed to identify studies reporting in-vitro half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values for docetaxel. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously (i.v.) docetaxel (75 mg/m 2 ) and orally administered docetaxel (ModraDoc006) co-administered with ritonavir (r) given twice daily (30 + 20 mg concomitant with 100 mg ritonavir bis in die) were simulated using previously developed population models. T C>threshold was calculated for a range of relevant thresholds in terms of in-vitro cytotoxicity and plasma concentrations achieved after i.v. and oral administration of docetaxel. A published tumor growth inhibition model for i.v. docetaxel was adapted to predict the effect of attainment of time above threshold levels on tumor dynamics. RESULTS Identified studies reported a wide range of in vitro IC 50 values [median 0.04 µmol/L, interquartile range (IQR): 0.0046-0.62]. At cytotoxic thresholds <0.078 µmol/L oral docetaxel shows up to ~7.5-fold longer t C>threshold within each 3-week cycle for a median patient compared to i.v.. Simulations of tumor dynamics showed the increased relative potential of oral docetaxel for inhibition of tumor growth at thresholds of 0.075, 0.05 and 0.005 µmol/L. CONCLUSION ModraDoc006/r is superior to i.v. docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 in terms of median time above cytotoxic threshold levels <0.078 µmol/L. This may indicate superior cytotoxicity and inhibition of tumor growth compared to i.v. administration for relatively docetaxel-sensitive tumors.
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Sawanny R, Pramanik S, Agarwal U. Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Natural Swords Battling Cancer Cells. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716666210106123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy among ladies (around 30% of
newly diagnosed patients every year). To date, various modern treatment modalities for breast cancer,
such as radiotherapy, surgical method, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapeutic drug utilisation,
are available. However, adverse drug reactions, therapeutic resistance, metastasis, or cancer reoccurrence
chances remain the primary causes of mortality for breast cancer patients. To overcome
all the potential drawbacks, we need to investigate novel techniques and strategies that are not considered
previously to treat breast cancer effectively with safety and efficacy. For centuries, we
utilise phytochemicals to treat various diseases because of their safety, low-cost, and least or no
side effects. Recently, naturally produced phytochemicals gain immense attention as potential
breast cancer therapeutics because of their ideal characteristics; for instance, they operate via modulating
molecular pathways associated with cancer growth and progression. The primary mechanism
involves inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, increasing anti-oxidant
status, initiation of the arrest of the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Remedial viability gets effectively enhanced
when phytochemicals work as adjuvants with chemotherapeutic drugs. This comprehensive
review revolves around the latest chemopreventive, chemotherapeutic, and chemoprotective treatments
with their molecular mechanisms to treat breast cancer by utilising phytochemicals such as
vinca alkaloids, resveratrol, curcumin, paclitaxel, silibinin, quercetin, genistein, and epigallocatechin
gallate. The authors wish to extend the field of phytochemical study for its scientific validity
and its druggability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Sawanny
- Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201306, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600036, India
| | - Unnati Agarwal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Delhi, Grand Trunk Road, Phagwara, Punjab-144001, India
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Chen HG, Zhou XH. MNBDR: A Module Network Based Method for Drug Repositioning. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:E25. [PMID: 33375395 PMCID: PMC7824496 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing/repositioning, which aims to find novel indications for existing drugs, contributes to reducing the time and cost for drug development. For the recent decade, gene expression profiles of drug stimulating samples have been successfully used in drug repurposing. However, most of the existing methods neglect the gene modules and the interactions among the modules, although the cross-talks among pathways are common in drug response. It is essential to develop a method that utilizes the cross-talks information to predict the reliable candidate associations. In this study, we developed MNBDR (Module Network Based Drug Repositioning), a novel method that based on module network to screen drugs. It integrated protein-protein interactions and gene expression profile of human, to predict drug candidates for diseases. Specifically, the MNBDR mined dense modules through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and constructed a module network to reveal cross-talks among modules. Then, together with the module network, based on existing gene expression data set of drug stimulation samples and disease samples, we used random walk algorithms to capture essential modules in disease development and proposed a new indicator to screen potential drugs for a given disease. Results showed MNBDR could provide better performance than popular methods. Moreover, functional analysis of the essential modules in the network indicated our method could reveal biological mechanism in drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiong-Hui Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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4
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Cryo-EM structures reveal distinct mechanisms of inhibition of the human multidrug transporter ABCB1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26245-26253. [PMID: 33020312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010264117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCB1 detoxifies cells by exporting diverse xenobiotic compounds, thereby limiting drug disposition and contributing to multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Multiple small-molecule inhibitors and inhibitory antibodies have been developed for therapeutic applications, but the structural basis of their activity is insufficiently understood. We determined cryo-EM structures of nanodisc-reconstituted, human ABCB1 in complex with the Fab fragment of the inhibitory, monoclonal antibody MRK16 and bound to a substrate (the antitumor drug vincristine) or to the potent inhibitors elacridar, tariquidar, or zosuquidar. We found that inhibitors bound in pairs, with one molecule lodged in the central drug-binding pocket and a second extending into a phenylalanine-rich cavity that we termed the "access tunnel." This finding explains how inhibitors can act as substrates at low concentration, but interfere with the early steps of the peristaltic extrusion mechanism at higher concentration. Our structural data will also help the development of more potent and selective ABCB1 inhibitors.
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5
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Abstract
Aim: The current study aims to co-deliver docetaxel (DTX) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a carrier for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: Computational analysis was used to screen different solid lipids as carriers, following which SLNs were prepared and characterized. Furthermore, antioxidant activity assays and cell culture studies were performed. Results: In vitro assessment in 4T1 (murine mammary carcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells revealed enhanced efficacy of the co-loaded SLNs as compared with free drugs and single drug-loaded SLNs. Increased apoptosis following treatment with DTX-ALA co-loaded SLN was also observed. Conclusion: The developed SLNs showed significantly higher uptake efficiency along with improved cytotoxic and apoptotic potential indicating the usefulness of this combination.
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6
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Rushworth LK, Hewit K, Munnings-Tomes S, Somani S, James D, Shanks E, Dufès C, Straube A, Patel R, Leung HY. Repurposing screen identifies mebendazole as a clinical candidate to synergise with docetaxel for prostate cancer treatment. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:517-527. [PMID: 31844184 PMCID: PMC7028732 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docetaxel chemotherapy in prostate cancer has a modest impact on survival. To date, efforts to develop combination therapies have not translated into new treatments. We sought to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to tackle chemoresistant prostate cancer by enhancing the efficacy of docetaxel. METHODS We performed a drug-repurposing screen by using murine-derived prostate cancer cell lines driven by clinically relevant genotypes. Cells were treated with docetaxel alone, or in combination with drugs (n = 857) from repurposing libraries, with cytotoxicity quantified using High Content Imaging Analysis. RESULTS Mebendazole (an anthelmintic drug that inhibits microtubule assembly) was selected as the lead drug and shown to potently synergise docetaxel-mediated cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Dual targeting of the microtubule structure was associated with increased G2/M mitotic block and enhanced cell death. Strikingly, following combined docetaxel and mebendazole treatment, no cells divided correctly, forming multipolar spindles that resulted in aneuploid daughter cells. Liposomes entrapping docetaxel and mebendazole suppressed in vivo prostate tumour growth and extended progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Docetaxel and mebendazole target distinct aspects of the microtubule dynamics, leading to increased apoptosis and reduced tumour growth. Our data support a new concept of combined mebendazole/docetaxel treatment that warrants further clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Rushworth
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kay Hewit
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Sophie Munnings-Tomes
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sukrut Somani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Daniel James
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Emma Shanks
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christine Dufès
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Rachana Patel
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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7
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Evans CW, Edwards S, Kretzmann JA, Nealon GL, Singh R, Clemons TD, Norret M, Boyer CA, Iyer KS. Synthetic copolymer conjugates of docetaxel and in vitro assessment of anticancer efficacy. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug that is associated with numerous side effects and limited bioavailability. We show synthetic copolymer conjugates of docetaxel with drug loading up to 20% and assess their efficacy in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron W. Evans
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Sky Edwards
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | | | - Gareth L. Nealon
- Centre for Microscopy
- Characterisation and Analysis
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Ruhani Singh
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Tristan D. Clemons
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Marck Norret
- School of Molecular Sciences
- University of Western Australia
- Crawley
- Australia
| | - Cyrille A. Boyer
- School of Chemical Engineering and Cluster for Macromolecular Design
- Faculty of Engineering
- The University of New South Wales
- Kensington
- Australia
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8
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Qiu K, Liu C, Shi Y, Yu X, Chen G, Wu J, Li G, Lv L. An LC-MS/MS Method for Synchronous Determination of Paclitaxel and Curcumin: Development, Validation, and Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180222140839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
A chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was first established and
validated for the synchronous determination of curcumin(CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) in this study.
</P><P>
Objective: An LC-MS/MS Method for Determination of Paclitaxel and Curcumin.
Methods:
The analytes were extracted with methanol, and docetaxel was used as the internal standard
(IS). The analytes and the IS were separated on a C18 (4.6 mm × 50 mm, 3.5 µm) column with a mobile
phase of 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol (80:20, v/v). The flow velocity of the mobile phase
was 0.5 mL/min. And then, the method was applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of CUR and
PTX in rats.
Results:
The calibration curves were linear within the concentration ranges of 2–1000 ng/mL for PTX
and 5–500 ng/mL for CUR, the mean extraction recoveries and matrix effects of PTX, CUR, and the IS
were within an acceptable range. The apparent volume of distribution of PTX was different between the
group of administration of PTX and the group of co-administration with CUR and PTX.
Conclusion:
A sensitive and simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was
established and validated for the synchronous determination of PTX and CUR in rat plasma, CUR increased
the apparent volume of distribution of PTX when CUR and PTX were co-administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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9
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Ghasemian A, Fattahi A, Shokouhi Mostafavi SK, Almarzoqi AH, Memariani M, Ben Braiek O, Yassine HM, Mostafavi NSS, Ahmed MM, Mirforughi SA. Herbal medicine as an auspicious therapeutic approach for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A concise review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16847-16860. [PMID: 30847906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes gastric mucosa inflammation and gastric cancer mostly via several virulence factors. Induction of proinflammatory pathways plays a crucial role in chronic inflammation, gastric carcinoma, and H. pylori pathogenesis. Herbal medicines (HMs) are nontoxic, inexpensive, and mostly anti-inflammatory reminding meticulous emphasis on the elimination of H. pylori and gastric cancer. Several HM has exerted paramount anti-H. pylori traits. In addition, they exert anti-inflammatory effects through several cellular circuits such as inhibition of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 pathway activation leading to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1α [IL-1α], IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) expression. Furthermore, they inhibit nitrous oxide release and COX-2 and iNOS activity. The apoptosis induction in Th1 and Th17-polarized lymphocytes and M2-macrophagic polarization and STAT6 activation has also been exhibited. Thus, their exact consumable amount has not been revealed, and clinical trials are needed to achieve optimal concentration and their pharmacokinetics. In the aspect of bioavailability, solubility, absorption, and metabolism of herbal compounds, nanocarriers such as poly lactideco-glycolide-based loading and related formulations are helpful. Noticeably, combined therapies accompanied by probiotics can also be examined for better clearance of gastric mucosa. In addition, downregulation of inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs) by HMs and upregulation of those anti-inflammatory miRNAs is proposed to protect the gastric mucosa. Thus there is anticipation that in near future HM-based formulations and proper delivery systems are possibly applicable against gastric cancer or other ailments because of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Fattahi
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hussein Almarzoqi
- Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, Babylon University, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Mojtaba Memariani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olfa Ben Braiek
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El-Manar, El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Hadi M Yassine
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohanad Mohsin Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Kerbala, Iraq
| | - Seyede Amene Mirforughi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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10
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Younas M, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarc'h N, Abbasi BH. Mechanistic evaluation of phytochemicals in breast cancer remedy: current understanding and future perspectives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:29714-29744. [PMID: 35547279 PMCID: PMC9085387 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the globe and accounts for a large proportion of fatalities in women. Despite the advancement in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, breast cancer still represents a major challenge. Current anti-breast cancer approaches include surgical removal, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and the use of various chemotherapeutic drugs. However, drug resistance, associated serious adverse effects, metastasis and recurrence complications still need to be resolved which demand safe and alternative strategies. In this scenario, phytochemicals have recently gained huge attention due to their safety profile and cost-effectiveness. These phytochemicals modulate various genes, gene products and signalling pathways, thereby inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, they also target breast cancer stem cells and overcome drug resistance problems in breast carcinomas. Phytochemicals as adjuvants with chemotherapeutic drugs have greatly enhanced their therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on the recently recognized molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer chemoprevention with the use of phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, silibinin, genistein, epigallocatechin gallate, secoisolariciresinol, thymoquinone, kaempferol, quercetin, parthenolide, sulforaphane, ginsenosides, naringenin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin, benzyl isothiocyanate, α-mangostin, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, pterostilbene, vinca alkaloids and apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan +92-51-90644121 +92-51-90644121 +33-767-97-0619
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans F 28000 Chartres France
| | | | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan +92-51-90644121 +92-51-90644121 +33-767-97-0619
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, UPRES EA 1207, Université d'Orléans F 28000 Chartres France
- EA2106 Biomolecules et Biotechnologies Vegetales, Universite Francois-Rabelais de Tours Tours France
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Zou J, Huang RY, Jiang FN, Chen DX, Wang C, Han ZD, Liang YX, Zhong WD. Overexpression of TPX2 is associated with progression and prognosis of prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2823-2832. [PMID: 30127868 PMCID: PMC6096215 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) activates Aurora kinase A during mitosis and targets its activity to the mitotic spindle, serving an important role in mitosis. It has been associated with different types of cancer and is considered to promote tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of TPX2 in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). It was identified that TPX2 expression in PCa tissues was increased compared with benign prostate tissues. Microarray analysis demonstrated that TPX2 was positively associated with the Gleason score, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, clinicopathological stage, metastasis, overall survival and biochemical relapse-free survival. In vitro studies revealed that the high expression of TPX2 in PCa cells improved proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities, and repressed apoptosis of the PCa cells, without affecting tolerance to docetaxel. The results suggested that TPX2 serves as a tumorigenesis-promoting gene in PCa, and a potential therapeutic target for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Yan Huang
- Department of Ultrasonography and Electrocardiograms, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - De-Xiong Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Dong Han
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Liang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, Huadu District People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510800, P.R. China
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12
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Kanwal S, Shah SA, Ahmad R. Potential phytocompounds for developing breast cancer therapeutics: Nature’s healing touch. Eur J Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Park HS, Han JH, Jung SH, Lee DH, Heo KS, Myung CS. Anti-apoptotic effects of autophagy via ROS regulation in microtubule-targeted and PDGF-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:349-360. [PMID: 29719457 PMCID: PMC5928348 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been studied as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. However, insufficient studies have been reported concerning the influence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through autophagy regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of VSMCs on the regulation of autophagy under in vitro conditions similar to vascular status of the equipped microtubule target agent-eluting stent and increased release of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Cell viability and proliferation were measured using MTT and cell counting assays. Immunofluorescence using an anti-α-tubulin antibody was performed to determine microtubule dynamic formation. Cell apoptosis was measured by cleavage of caspase-3 using western blot analysis, and by nuclear fragmentation using a fluorescence assay. Autophagy activity was assessed by microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC-II) using western blot analysis. Levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using H2DCFDA. The proliferation and viability of VSMCs were inhibited by microtubule regulation. Additionally, microtubule-regulated and PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs increased the cleavage of caspase-3 more than only the microtubule-regulated condition, similar to that of LC3-II, implying autophagy. Inhibitory autophagy of microtubule-regulated and PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs resulted in low viability. However, enhancement of autophagy maintained survival through the reduction of ROS. These results suggest that the apoptosis of conditioned VSMCs is decreased by the blocking generation of ROS via the promotion of autophagy, and proliferation is also inhibited. Thus, promoting autophagy as a therapeutic target for vascular restenosis and atherosclerosis may be a good strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Institute of Drug Research & Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Maadi H, Nami B, Tong J, Li G, Wang Z. The effects of trastuzumab on HER2-mediated cell signaling in CHO cells expressing human HER2. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:238. [PMID: 29490608 PMCID: PMC5831215 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted therapy with trastuzumab has become a mainstay for HER2-positive breast cancer without a clear understanding of the mechanism of its action. While many mechanisms have been suggested for the action of trastuzumab, most of them are not substantiated by experimental data. It has been suggested that trastuzumab functions by inhibiting intracellular signaling initiated by HER2, however, the data are very controversial. A major issue is the different cellular background of various breast cancer cells lines used in these studies. Each breast cancer cell line has a unique expression profile of various HER receptors, which could significantly affect the effects of trastuzumab. METHODS To overcome this problem, in this research we adopted a cell model that allow us to specifically examine the effects of trastuzumab on a single HER receptor without the influence of other HER receptors. Three CHO cell lines stably expressing only human EGFR (CHO-EGFR), HER2 (CHO-K6), or HER3 (CHO-HER3) were used. Various methods including cytotoxicity assay, immunoblotting, indirect immunofluorescence, cross linking, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were employed in this research. RESULTS We showed that trastuzumab did not bind EGFR and HER3, and thus did not affect the homodimerization and phosphorylation of EGFR and HER3. However, overexpression of HER2 in CHO cells, in the absence of other HER receptors, resulted in the homodimerization of HER2 and the phosphorylation of HER2 at all major pY residues. Trastuzumab bound to HER2 specifically and with high affinity. Trastuzumab inhibited neither the homodimerization of HER2, nor the phosphorylation of HER2 at most phosphotyrosine residues. Moreover, trastuzumab did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in CHO-K6 cells, and did not inhibit the proliferation of CHO-K6 cells. However, trastuzumab induced strong ADCC in CHO-K6 cells. CONCLUSION We concluded that, in the absence of other HER receptors, trastuzumab exerts its antitumor activity through the induction of ADCC, rather than the inhibition of HER2-homodimerization and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Babak Nami
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Gina Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Arnst KE, Wang Y, Hwang DJ, Xue Y, Costello T, Hamilton D, Chen Q, Yang J, Park F, Dalton JT, Miller DD, Li W. A Potent, Metabolically Stable Tubulin Inhibitor Targets the Colchicine Binding Site and Overcomes Taxane Resistance. Cancer Res 2017; 78:265-277. [PMID: 29180476 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yi Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Terry Costello
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David Hamilton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, College of Medicine, the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James T Dalton
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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