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Demusaj D, Toma R, Khan T, Hu L, Banavar G, Vuyisich M. A novel method for sampling subgingival microbiome: a comparative metatranscriptomic study. Biotechniques 2024; 76:83-93. [PMID: 38319053 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The subgingival microbiome has been implicated in oral and systemic diseases such as periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. However, subgingival sampling is challenging. We developed a novel method of sampling the subgingival microbiome by rotationally swabbing the supragingival area, named subgingival-P (for proxy) samples. We sampled and metatranscriptomically analyzed subgingival and subgingival-P samples of three different teeth in 20 individuals. The subgingival-P samples were comparable to the subgingival samples in the relative abundances of microorganisms and microbial gene expression levels. Our data demonstrate that the novel method of collecting and analyzing the subgingival-P samples can act as a proxy for the subgingiva, paving the way for large and diverse studies investigating the role of the subgingival microbiome in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Demusaj
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Ryan Toma
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Tanveer Khan
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Lan Hu
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Guruduth Banavar
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
| | - Momchilo Vuyisich
- Viome Life Sciences, Inc., Bothell, WA 98011 and Bellevue, WA 98004, New York, NY 10018, USA
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Reis AA, Monteiro MF, Bonilha GM, Saraiva L, Araújo C, Santamaria MP, Casati MZ, Kumar P, Casarin RCV. Parents with periodontitis drive the early acquisition of dysbiotic microbiomes in their offspring. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:890-904. [PMID: 37086047 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the microbial colonization in different dentition phases on individuals from 0 to 18 years of age belonging to families with a history of periodontitis compared to descendants of periodontally healthy parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The offspring of subjects with periodontitis ('Perio' group) and the offspring of periodontally healthy subjects ('Healthy' group), matched for gender and age, were included in this cross-sectional study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate, primary, mixed and permanent. The patients were clinically assessed, and their saliva was collected. DNA was extracted, and V1-V3 and V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. RESULTS Fifty children of parents with periodontitis and 50 from healthy parents were included in the study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate (n = 5/group), primary dentition (n = 15/group), mixed dentition (n = 15/group) and permanent dentition (n = 15/group) in each group. The microbiome composition was different between dentitions for both groups. Children of the Perio group presented a microbial diversity different from that of the Healthy group in mixed and permanent dentitions. The more intense shift in the community occurred between primary and mixed dentition in the Perio group, while the transition between mixed and permanent dentition was the period with greater changes in the microbiome for the Healthy group. Furthermore, a pathogen-rich environment-higher prevalence and abundance of periodontitis-associated species such as Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Leptotrichia spp., Filifactor alocis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia- was observed in the Perio group. CONCLUSIONS The parents' periodontal status significantly affects the microbiome composition of their offspring from an early age. The mixed dentition was the phase associated with establishing a dysbiotic and pathogen-rich microbiome in descendants of parents with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Saraiva
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Araújo
- Institute of Health Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Purnima Kumar
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Müller-Heupt LK, Eckelt A, Eckelt J, Groß J, Opatz T, Kommerein N. An In Vitro Study of Local Oxygen Therapy as Adjunctive Antimicrobial Therapeutic Option for Patients with Periodontitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:990. [PMID: 37370309 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common global disease caused by bacterial dysbiosis leading to tissue destruction, and it is strongly associated with anaerobic bacterial colonization. Therapeutic strategies such as oxygen therapy have been developed to positively influence the dysbiotic microbiota, and the use of oxygen-releasing substances may offer an added benefit of avoiding systemic effects commonly associated with antibiotics taken orally or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Therefore, the oxygen release of calcium peroxide (CaO2) was measured using a dissolved oxygen meter, and CaO2 solutions were prepared by dissolving autoclaved CaO2 in sterile filtered and deionized water. The effects of CaO2 on planktonic bacterial growth and metabolic activity, as well as on biofilms of Streptococcus oralis and Porphyromonas gingivalis, were investigated through experiments conducted under anaerobic conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of CaO2 as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. Results showed that CaO2 selectively inhibited the growth and viability of P. gingivalis (p < 0.001) but had little effect on S. oralis (p < 0.01), indicating that CaO2 has the potential to selectively affect both planktonic bacteria and mono-species biofilms of P. gingivalis. The results of this study suggest that CaO2 could be a promising antimicrobial agent with selective activity for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Katharina Müller-Heupt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Eckelt
- WEE-Solve GmbH, Auf der Burg 6, 55130 Mainz, Germany
| | - John Eckelt
- WEE-Solve GmbH, Auf der Burg 6, 55130 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Groß
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Kommerein
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Narayanan A, Söder B, Meurman J, Lundmark A, Hu YOO, Neogi U, Yucel-Lindberg T. Composition of subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy-a cross-sectional study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1172340. [PMID: 37426027 PMCID: PMC10325785 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1172340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the world's most prevalent infectious conditions, affecting between 25 and 40% of the adult population. It is a consequence of the complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and their products, which trigger the host inflammatory response, chronic inflammation, and tissue destruction. Chronic systemic low-grade inflammation is involved in numerous diseases, and it is also known that long-lasting inflammation and chronic infections predispose one to cancer. Here, we characterized and compared the subgingival microbiota associated with periodontitis and diagnosis of malignancy in a longitudinal 10-year follow-up study. The study was conducted on 50 patients with periodontitis and 40 periodontally healthy individuals. The recorded clinical oral health parameters were periodontal attachment loss (AL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and plaque index (PI). Subgingival plaque was collected from each participant, from which DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing performed. Cancer diagnoses data were collected between the years 2008-2018 from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The participants were categorized based on having cancer at the time of sample collection (CSC), having developed cancer later (DCL), and controls without any cancer. The most abundant phyla across all 90 samples were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. At the genus level, Treponema, Fretibacterium, and Prevotella were significantly more abundant in samples of periodontitis patients compared to non-periodontitis individuals. With regard to samples of cancer patients, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus were more abundant in the CSC group; Prevotella were more abundant in the DCL group; and Rothia, Neisseria, and Capnocytophaga were more abundant in the control group. In the CSC group, we also found that the presence of periodontal inflammation, in terms of BOP, GI, and PLI, significantly correlated with species belonging to the genera Prevotella, Treponema, and Mycoplasma. Our results revealed that several subgingival genera were differentially enriched among the studied groups. These findings underscore the need for further research to fully understand the role that oral pathogens may play in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Narayanan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Söder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Meurman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- The Systems Virology Lab, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Krajewski A, Perussolo J, Gkranias N, Donos N. Influence of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome-A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:308-324. [PMID: 36597817 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome. BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the tooth supporting tissues caused by the dysbiosis of the subgingival biofilm. It is managed through different non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities. Recent EFP S3 guidelines recommended performing periodontal surgery as part of Step 3 periodontitis treatment after Step 1 and Step 2 periodontal therapy, with the aim to achieve pocket closure of persisting sites. Changes in the sub-gingival microbiome may explain the treatment outcomes observed at different time points. Various microbiological detection techniques for disease-associated pathogens have been evolved over time and have been described in the literature. However, the impact of different types of periodontal surgery on the subgingival microbiome remains unclear. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane Library supplemented by manual search (23DEC2019, updated 21APR2022). RESULTS From an initial search of 3046 studies, 28 were included according to our specific inclusion criteria. Seven microbiological detection techniques were used to analyse disease-associated species in subgingival plaque samples: optical microscope, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), checkerboard, enzymatic reactions, immunofluorescence and 16S gene sequencing. The included studies exhibited differences in various aspects of their methodologies such as subgingival plaque sample collection or treatment modalities. Clinical data showed a significant decrease in probing pocket depths (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) after periodontal surgery. Microbiological findings were overall heterogeneous. Meta-analysis was performed on a sub-cohort of studies all using checkerboard as a microbiological detection technique. Random effect models for Treponema denticola (T. denticola), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia) did not show a significant effect on mean counts 3 months after periodontal surgery. Notably, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) showed a significant increase 3 months after periodontal surgery. 16S gene sequencing was used in one included study and reported a decrease in disease-associated species with an increase in health-associated species after periodontal surgery at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSION This systematic review has shown that the effect of periodontal surgery on the changes in subgingival microbiome is heterogeneous and may not always be associated with a decrease in disease-associated species. The variability could be attributed to the microbiological techniques employed for the analysis. Therefore, there is a need for well-designed and adequately powered studies to understand how periodontal surgery influences the subgingival microbiome and how the individual's microbiome affects treatment outcomes after periodontal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krajewski
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeniffer Perussolo
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Gkranias
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Adelfio M, Martin‐Moldes Z, Erndt‐Marino J, Tozzi L, Duncan MJ, Hasturk H, Kaplan DL, Ghezzi CE. Three-Dimensional Humanized Model of the Periodontal Gingival Pocket to Study Oral Microbiome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205473. [PMID: 36825685 PMCID: PMC10131835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains distinct microenvironments that serve as oral barriers, such as the non-shedding surface of the teeth (e.g., enamel), the epithelial mucosa and gingival tissue (attached gingiva) where microbial communities coexist. The interactions and balances between these communities are responsible for oral tissue homeostasis or dysbiosis, that ultimately dictate health or disease. Disruption of this equilibrium can lead to chronic inflammation and permanent tissue damage in the case of chronic periodontitis. There are currently no experimental tissue models able to mimic the structural, physical, and metabolic conditions present in the human oral gingival tissue to support the long-term investigation of host-pathogens imbalances. Herein, the authors report an in vitro 3D anatomical gingival tissue model, fabricated from silk biopolymer by casting a replica mold of an adult human mandibular gingiva to recreate a tooth-gum unit. The model is based on human primary cultures that recapitulate physiological tissue organization, as well as a native oxygen gradient within the gingival pocket to support human subgingival plaque microbiome with a physiologically relevant level of microbial diversity up to 24 h. The modulation of inflammatory markers in the presence of oral microbiome indicates the humanized functional response of this model and establishes a new set of tools to investigate host-pathogen imbalances in gingivitis and periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Adelfio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Tozzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | | | - Hatice Hasturk
- Center for Clinical and Translational ResearchThe Forsyth InstituteCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Chiara E. Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Massachusetts LowellLowellMA01854USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
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Regueira-Iglesias A, Vázquez-González L, Balsa-Castro C, Vila-Blanco N, Blanco-Pintos T, Tamames J, Carreira MJ, Tomás I. In silico evaluation and selection of the best 16S rRNA gene primers for use in next-generation sequencing to detect oral bacteria and archaea. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:58. [PMID: 36949474 PMCID: PMC10035280 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequencing has been widely used to study the composition of the oral microbiome present in various health conditions. The extent of the coverage of the 16S rRNA gene primers employed for this purpose has not, however, been evaluated in silico using oral-specific databases. This paper analyses these primers using two databases containing 16S rRNA sequences from bacteria and archaea found in the human mouth and describes some of the best primers for each domain. RESULTS A total of 369 distinct individual primers were identified from sequencing studies of the oral microbiome and other ecosystems. These were evaluated against a database reported in the literature of 16S rRNA sequences obtained from oral bacteria, which was modified by our group, and a self-created oral archaea database. Both databases contained the genomic variants detected for each included species. Primers were evaluated at the variant and species levels, and those with a species coverage (SC) ≥75.00% were selected for the pair analyses. All possible combinations of the forward and reverse primers were identified, with the resulting 4638 primer pairs also evaluated using the two databases. The best bacteria-specific pairs targeted the 3-4, 4-7, and 3-7 16S rRNA gene regions, with SC levels of 98.83-97.14%; meanwhile, the optimum archaea-specific primer pairs amplified regions 5-6, 3-6, and 3-6, with SC estimates of 95.88%. Finally, the best pairs for detecting both domains targeted regions 4-5, 3-5, and 5-9, and produced SC values of 95.71-94.54% and 99.48-96.91% for bacteria and archaea, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given the three amplicon length categories (100-300, 301-600, and >600 base pairs), the primer pairs with the best coverage values for detecting oral bacteria were as follows: KP_F048-OP_R043 (region 3-4; primer pair position for Escherichia coli J01859.1: 342-529), KP_F051-OP_R030 (4-7; 514-1079), and KP_F048-OP_R030 (3-7; 342-1079). For detecting oral archaea, these were as follows: OP_F066-KP_R013 (5-6; 784-undefined), KP_F020-KP_R013 (3-6; 518-undefined), and OP_F114-KP_R013 (3-6; 340-undefined). Lastly, for detecting both domains jointly they were KP_F020-KP_R032 (4-5; 518-801), OP_F114-KP_R031 (3-5; 340-801), and OP_F066-OP_R121 (5-9; 784-1405). The primer pairs with the best coverage identified herein are not among those described most widely in the oral microbiome literature. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), C/ Entrerrios s/n, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lara Vázquez-González
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes and Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), C/ Entrerrios s/n, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nicolás Vila-Blanco
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes and Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Triana Blanco-Pintos
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), C/ Entrerrios s/n, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Tamames
- Microbiome Analysis Laboratory, Systems Biology Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Carreira
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes and Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute Foundation of Santiago (FIDIS), C/ Entrerrios s/n, 15872 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Hernández-Ruiz P, Amezcua-Guerra LM, López-Vidal Y, González-Pacheco H, Pinto-Cardoso S, Amedei A, Aguirre-García MM. Comparative characterization of inflammatory profile and oral microbiome according to an inflammation-based risk score in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1095380. [PMID: 36860987 PMCID: PMC9968971 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1095380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease considers the myocardial infarction (MI), either non-ST-segment elevation (non-STEMI) or ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); this represents the main cause of mortality in Mexican population. Regarding to the inflammatory state, this is reported to be a major prognostic factor of mortality for patients with MI. One of the conditions capable of producing systemic inflammation is periodontal disease. It has been proposed that the oral microbiota is translocated through the bloodstream to the liver and intestine, generating intestinal dysbiosis. The aim of this protocol is to assess oral microbiota diversity and circulating inflammatory profile in STEMI patients stratified according to an inflammation-based risk scoring system. We found that Bacteriodetes phylum was the most abundant in STEMI patients, and Prevotella was the most abundant genus, with a higher proportion in periodontitis patients. In fact, Prevotella genus was found to correlate positively and significantly with elevated IL-6 concentration. Our study defined a non-causal association inferred between the cardiovascular risk of STEMI patients, determined by changes in the oral microbiota that influence the development of periodontal disease and its relationship with the exacerbation of the systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hernández-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis M. Amezcua-Guerra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Héctor González-Pacheco
- Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Sandra Pinto-Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - María Magdalena Aguirre-García
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico,*Correspondence: María Magdalena Aguirre-García,
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qPCR Detection and Quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Other Periodontal Pathogens in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid among Periodontitis Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010076. [PMID: 36678429 PMCID: PMC9861831 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The detection of special bacterial species in patients with periodontitis is considered useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of specific periopathogens and investigate whether there is a correlation between the results of different bacterial species in whole saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples (healthy and diseased sites) from individuals with periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 52 patients were recruited and divided into two groups: non-periodontitis and periodontitis patients. For each group, the following periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, A. actinomycetemcomitans non JP2 clone, Porphyromonasgingivalis, and total eubacteria. RESULTS Higher levels of the various studied bacteria were present in both saliva and plaque samples from the periodontitis group in comparison to non-periodontitis subjects. There were significant differences in P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clones in the saliva of periodontitis patient compared to the control group. Subgingival plaque of diseased sites presented a significant and strong positive correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. In saliva samples, there was a significant positive correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone and P. gingivalis (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION Quantifying and differentiating these periodontal species from subgingival plaque and saliva samples showed a good potential as diagnostic markers for periodontal disease. Regarding the prevalence of the studied bacteria, specifically A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, found in this work, and the high rate of susceptibility to periodontal species in Africa, future larger studies are recommended.
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Iskander MMZ, Lamont GJ, Tan J, Pisano M, Uriarte SM, Scott DA. Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:121-130. [PMID: 36122937 PMCID: PMC9976951 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Filifactor alocis has recently emerged as a periodontal pathobiont that appears to thrive in the oral cavity of smokers. We hypothesized that identification of smoke-responsive F. alocis genes would provide insight into adaptive strategies and that cigarette smoke would enhance F. alocis pathogenesis in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS F. alocis was grown in vitro and cigarette smoke extract-responsive genes determined by RNAseq. Mice were exposed, or not, to mainstream 1R6F research cigarette smoke and infected with F. alocis, or not, in an acute ligature model of periodontitis. Key clinical, infectious, and immune data were collected. RESULTS In culture, F. alocis growth was unaffected by smoke conditioning and only a small number of genes were specifically regulated by smoke exposure. Reduced murine mass, differences in F. alocis-cognizant antibody production, and altered immune profiles as well as altered alveolar bone loss were all attributable to smoke exposure and/or F. alocis infection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS F. alocis is well-adapted to tobacco-rich conditions and its pathogenesis is enhanced by tobacco smoke exposure. A smoke-exposed ligature model of periodontitis shows promise as a tool with which to further unravel mechanisms underlying tobacco-enhanced, bacteria-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Z Iskander
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gwyneth J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Poulsen CS, Nygaard N, Constancias F, Stankevic E, Kern T, Witte DR, Vistisen D, Grarup N, Pedersen OB, Belstrøm D, Hansen T. Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055117. [PMID: 36467723 PMCID: PMC9709502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that the salivary microbiota may be a biomarker of oral as well as systemic disease. However, clarifying the potential bias from general health status and lifestyle-associated factors is a prerequisite of using the salivary microbiota for screening. MATERIALS & METHODS ADDDITION-PRO is a nationwide Danish cohort, nested within the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care. Saliva samples from n=746 individuals from the ADDITION-PRO cohort were characterized using 16s rRNA sequencing. Alpha- and beta diversity as well as relative abundance of genera was examined in relation to general health and lifestyle-associated variables. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was performed on individual variables and all variables together. Classification models were created using sparse partial-least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) for variables that showed statistically significant differences based on PERMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Glycemic status, hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were found to be significantly associated with salivary microbial composition (individual variables PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Collectively, these variables were associated with approximately 5.8% of the observed differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota. Smoking status was associated with 3.3% of observed difference, and smoking could be detected with good accuracy based on salivary microbial composition (AUC 0.95, correct classification rate 79.6%). CONCLUSIONS Glycemic status, HbA1c level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were significantly associated with the composition of the salivary microbiota. Despite smoking only being associated with 3.3% of the difference in overall salivary microbial composition, it was possible to create a model for detection of smoking status with a high correct classification rate. However, the lack of information on the oral health status of participants serves as a limitation in the present study. Further studies in other cohorts are needed to validate the external validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Nygaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Sharara SH, Cleaver LM, Saloom H, Carpenter GH, Cobourne MT. Salivary bacterial community profile in normal-weight and obese adolescent patients prior to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Orthod Craniofac Res 2022; 25:569-575. [PMID: 35298866 PMCID: PMC9790364 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the intra-oral bacterial profile of normal-weight and obese adolescents prior to orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen adolescent patients were recruited into two groups based upon body mass index (BMI) and classified as normal-weight or obese. Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was obtained for 5 minutes. Bacterial DNA extraction was performed from saliva, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V1-2 variable regions was undertaken followed by analysis using the mothur pipeline. RESULTS Saliva from a total of 19 adolescent patients with mean (SD) age 15.6 (1.8) years were divided into 10 normal-weight with mean BMI of 19.4 (2.2) kg/m2 and 9 obese with mean BMI of 30.2 (3.5) kg/m2 . A total of 156 783 sequences were obtained from the 19 samples with no significant differences in richness or diversity between sample groups by obesity status or gender (AMOVA). The bacterial community in both groups was dominated by bacterial genera characteristic of the human mouth, which included Streptococcus, Porphyromonas, Veillonella, Gemella, Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Rothia. CONCLUSION There were no differences in alpha or beta diversity of oral bacterial communities between normal-weight and obese orthodontic patients. Obese adolescents attending for orthodontic treatment had a similar microflora to their normal-weight counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima H. Sharara
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and RegenerationDepartment of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Leanne M. Cleaver
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsDepartment of Mucosal and Salivary BiologyFaculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Hayder Saloom
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and RegenerationDepartment of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK,Orthodontic DepartmentCollege of DentistryUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
| | - Guy H. Carpenter
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsDepartment of Mucosal and Salivary BiologyFaculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Martyn T. Cobourne
- Centre for Craniofacial Development and RegenerationDepartment of OrthodonticsFaculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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13
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Go H, Park T, Shin AR, Jung YS, Amano A, Song KB, Choi YH. Validity of a combination of periodontal pathogens and salivary biomarkers as predictors of periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1083-1092. [PMID: 35978527 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic periodontitis is caused by multiple risk factors. To predict chronic periodontitis in older people, we evaluated the association between a combination of major periodontal pathogens and salivary biomarkers and the presence of periodontitis. METHODS Stimulated saliva samples were collected to analyze the prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia, as well as four biomarkers: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). A total of 201 Japanese patients were recruited. Oral examinations ware performed to determine chronic periodontitis as measured by Community Periodontal Index. The sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics were also obtained, and the parameters were adjusted as potential confounders to employ statistical models. RESULTS The odds ratio (OR) for the presence of P. gingivalis and the third tertile level of IL-1β as compared with the absence of P. gingivalis and the lowest tertile of IL-1β was highest in individuals with periodontitis (OR = 13.98; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.87-50.52) with the best level (0.79) of area under the curve (AUC) based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The OR for the presence of P. gingivalis and the third tertile of PGE2 was 7.76 (CI 1.89-31.91) with an AUC of 0.78. The coexistence of more than two periodontal bacteria and the third tertile of PGE2 was also strongly associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 9.23, 95% CI 2.38-35.79) with an AUC of 0.76. CONCLUSIONS The combined information of the presence of P. gingivalis in stimulated saliva, and higher levels of salivary IL-1β may play a vital role in the detection and prediction of chronic periodontitis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjeong Go
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taejun Park
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Shin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun-Sook Jung
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keun-Bae Song
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Facial nerve-Bone Network Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Translational Research in Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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14
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Lu C, Zhao Q, Deng J, Chen K, Jiang X, Ma F, Ma S, Li Z. Salivary Microbiome Profile of Diabetes and Periodontitis in a Chinese Population. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:933833. [PMID: 35979090 PMCID: PMC9377223 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence of diabetes on the microbiota among Chinese patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the periodontitis with diabetes group (TC), chronic periodontitis group (CP), and periodontally healthy and systemically healthy group (H) by spitting method. Bacterial genomic DNA was PCR-amplified at the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The library was constructed according to the obtained sequence results, and biological analysis and statistical analysis were carried out. Functional prediction of three groups of microbial communities was performed by the PICRUSt algorithm. Results There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the TC and CP groups. Compared with the H group, the TC group and CP group presented a higher diversity of salivary flora. Firmicutes, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Veillonella, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae dominated the H group. Corynebacterium, Leptotrichia, Dialister, Comamonas, Capnocytophaga, Catonella, Filifactor, Campylobacter, Treponema, Campylobacter concisus, Prevotella oralis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly enriched in the TC and CP groups. Among them, Treponema and P. oralis were the most abundant in the TC group. The PICRUSt results showed that many pathways related to cell motility and functional metabolism of the salivary microbial flora changed in the TC group and the CP group. Conclusions Diabetes was not the main factor causing the altered diversity of salivary microbiota in patients with periodontitis; however, the presence of diabetes altered the abundance of some microbiota in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Lu
- Science and Education Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrong Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Ma
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Chaozhou City, China
- *Correspondence: Zejian Li,
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15
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The Influence of Periodontal Diseases and the Stimulation of Saliva Secretion on the Course of the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154321. [PMID: 35893412 PMCID: PMC9329893 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: The course of an ischemic stroke depends on many factors. The influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of salivation on the course and severity of stroke remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the severity of ischemic stroke depending on the occurrence of periodontal diseases and saliva stimulation. Methods: The severity of the neurological condition was assessed using the NIHSS scale on days one, three and seven of stroke. The incidence of periodontal diseases was classified using the Hall’s scale in the first day of stroke. On days one and seven of stroke, the concentration of IL-1β, MMP-8, OPG and RANKL in the patients’ saliva was assessed using the Elisa technique. At the same time, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were tested on days one, three and seven of the stroke, and the incidence of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections was assessed. Results:100 consecutive patients with their first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study. 56 randomly selected patients were subjected to the stimulation of salivation, the remaining patients were not stimulated. In the study of the severity of the neurological condition using the NIHS scale on days three and seven of stroke, the degree of deficit in patients without periodontal disease significantly improved compared to patients with periodontal disease, respectively (p < 0.01 and p = 0.01). Patients from the stimulated group had more severe neurological deficit at baseline (p = 0.04). On days three and seven of neurological follow-up, the condition of patients from both groups improved with a further distinct advantage of the unstimulated group over the stimulated group, respectively (p = 0.03 and p < 0.001). In patients from both groups, a statistically significant decrease in CRP and lymphocyte levels was observed on day seven in relation to day one. Conclusions: The occurrence of periodontal disease in a patient with stroke affects the severity of stroke. Stimulation of the mouth and salivary glands in these patients may have a positive effect on the course of stroke, taking into account the dynamics of neurological symptoms.
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16
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Proteomic analysis of the periodontal pathogen Prevotella intermedia secretomes in biofilm and planktonic lifestyles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5636. [PMID: 35379855 PMCID: PMC8980031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevotella intermedia is an important species associated with periodontitis. Despite the remarkable clinical significance, little is known about the molecular basis for its virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize the secretome of P. intermedia in biofilm and planktonic life mode. The biofilm secretome showed 109 proteins while the planktonic secretome showed 136 proteins. The biofilm and the planktonic secretomes contained 17 and 33 signal-peptide bearing proteins, 13 and 18 lipoproteins, respectively. Superoxide reductase, sensor histidine kinase, C40 family peptidase, elongation factor Tu, threonine synthase etc. were unique to biofilm. Of the ~ 30 proteins with predicted virulence potential from biofilm and planktonic secretomes, only 6 were common between the two groups, implying large differences between biofilm and planktonic modes of P. intermedia. From Gene Ontology biofilm secretome displayed a markedly higher percent proteins compared to planktonic secretome in terms of cellular amino acid metabolic process, nitrogen compound metabolic process etc. Inflammatory cytokine profile analysis revealed that only the biofilm secretome, not the planktonic one, induced important cytokines such as MIP-1α/MIP-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8. In conclusion, the revealed differences in the protein profiles of P. intermedia biofilm and planktonic secretomes may trigger further questions about molecular mechanisms how this species exerts its virulence potential in the oral cavity.
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17
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Eriksson K, Lundmark A, Delgado LF, Hu YOO, Fei G, Lee L, Fei C, Catrina AI, Jansson L, Andersson AF, Yucel-Lindberg T. Salivary Microbiota and Host-Inflammatory Responses in Periodontitis Affected Individuals With and Without Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:841139. [PMID: 35360114 PMCID: PMC8964114 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.841139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are two widespread chronic inflammatory diseases with a previously suggested association. The objective of the current study was to compare the oral microbial composition and host´s inflammatory mediator profile of saliva samples obtained from subjects with periodontitis, with and without RA, as well as to predict biomarkers, of bacterial pathogens and/or inflammatory mediators, for classification of samples associated with periodontitis and RA. Methods Salivary samples were obtained from 53 patients with periodontitis and RA and 48 non-RA with chronic periodontitis. The microbial composition was identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared across periodontitis patients with and without RA. Levels of inflammatory mediators were determined using a multiplex bead assay, compared between the groups and correlated to the microbial profile. The achieved data was analysed using PCoA, DESeq2 and two machine learning algorithms, OPLS-DA and sPLS-DA. Results Differential abundance DESeq2 analyses showed that the four most highly enriched (log2 FC >20) amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the non-RA periodontitis group included Alloprevotella sp., Prevotella sp., Haemophilus sp., and Actinomyces sp. whereas Granulicatella sp., Veillonella sp., Megasphaera sp., and Fusobacterium nucleatum were the most highly enriched ASVs (log2 FC >20) in the RA group. OPLS-DA with log2 FC analyses demonstrated that the top ASVs with the highest importance included Vampirovibrio sp. having a positive correlation with non-RA group, and seven ASVs belonging to Sphingomonas insulae, Sphingobium sp., Novosphingobium aromaticivorans, Delftia acidovorans, Aquabacterium spp. and Sphingomonas echinoides with a positive correlation with RA group. Among the detected inflammatory mediators in saliva samples, TWEAK/TNFSF12, IL-35, IFN-α2, pentraxin-3, gp130/sIL6Rb, sIL-6Ra, IL-19 and sTNF-R1 were found to be significantly increased in patients with periodontitis and RA compared to non-RA group with periodontitis. Moreover, correlations between ASVs and inflammatory mediators using sPLS-DA analysis revealed that TWEAK/TNFSF12, pentraxin-3 and IL-19 were positively correlated with the ASVs Sphingobium sp., Acidovorax delafieldii, Novosphingobium sp., and Aquabacterium sp. Conclusion Our results suggest that the combination of microbes and host inflammatory mediators could be more efficient to be used as a predictable biomarker associated with periodontitis and RA, as compared to microbes and inflammatory mediators alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Eriksson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Kaja Eriksson, ; Tülay Yucel-Lindberg,
| | - Anna Lundmark
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Luis F. Delgado
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yue O. O. Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Centre for Translational Microbiome Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guozhong Fei
- Center for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm Health Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linkiat Lee
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carina Fei
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anca I. Catrina
- Rheumatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Jansson
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Periodontology, Folktandvården Stockholms län AB, Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders F. Andersson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tülay Yucel-Lindberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Kaja Eriksson, ; Tülay Yucel-Lindberg,
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18
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Millen AE, Dahhan R, Freudenheim JL, Hovey KM, Li L, McSkimming DI, Andrews CA, Buck MJ, LaMonte MJ, Kirkwood KL, Sun Y, Murugaiyan V, Tsompana M, Wactawski-Wende J. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with the subgingival plaque oral microbiome abundance and diversity in a cohort of postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2643. [PMID: 35173205 PMCID: PMC8850494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited research exists on carbohydrate intake and oral microbiome diversity and composition assessed with next-generation sequencing. We aimed to better understand the association between habitual carbohydrate intake and the oral microbiome, as the oral microbiome has been associated with caries, periodontal disease, and systemic diseases. We investigated if total carbohydrates, starch, monosaccharides, disaccharides, fiber, or glycemic load (GL) were associated with the diversity and composition of oral bacteria in subgingival plaque samples of 1204 post-menopausal women. Carbohydrate intake and GL were assessed from a food frequency questionnaire, and adjusted for energy intake. The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from subgingival plaque samples were sequenced to identify the relative abundance of microbiome compositional data expressed as operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The abundance of OTUs were centered log(2)-ratio transformed to account for the compositional data structure. Associations between carbohydrate/GL intake and microbiome alpha-diversity measures were examined using linear regression. PERMANOVA analyses were conducted to examine microbiome beta-diversity measures across quartiles of carbohydrate/GL intake. Associations between intake of carbohydrates and GL and the abundance of the 245 identified OTUs were examined by using linear regression. Total carbohydrates, GL, starch, lactose, and sucrose intake were inversely associated with alpha-diversity measures. Beta-diversity across quartiles of total carbohydrates, fiber, GL, sucrose, and galactose, were all statistically significant (p for PERMANOVA p < 0.05). Positive associations were observed between total carbohydrates, GL, sucrose and Streptococcus mutans; GL and both Sphingomonas HOT 006 and Scardovia wiggsiae; and sucrose and Streptococcus lactarius. A negative association was observed between lactose and Aggregatibacter segnis, and between sucrose and both TM7_[G-1] HOT 346 and Leptotrichia HOT 223. Intake of total carbohydrate, GL, and sucrose were inversely associated with subgingival bacteria alpha-diversity, the microbial beta-diversity varied by their intake, and they were associated with the relative abundance of specific OTUs. Higher intake of sucrose, or high GL foods, may influence poor oral health outcomes (and perhaps systemic health outcomes) in older women via their influence on the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA.
| | - Runda Dahhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel I McSkimming
- Division of Infectious Disease & International Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chris A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael J Buck
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yijun Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Vijaya Murugaiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maria Tsompana
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214-8001, USA
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19
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Albaghdadi SZ, Altaher JB, Drobiova H, Bhardwaj RG, Karched M. In vitro Characterization of Biofilm Formation in Prevotella Species. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 2:724194. [PMID: 35048047 PMCID: PMC8757683 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.724194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory oral infection is the outcome of disturbances in the homeostasis of the oral biofilm microbiota. A number of studies have found the occurrence of Prevotella species in elevated levels in periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Even though different aspects of Prevotella as part of oral biofilm have been studied, in vitro biofilms formed by these species have not been characterized systematically. The objective of this study was to characterize biofilms formed by several Prevotella species and further to assess biofilm inhibition and detachment of preformed biofilms. Methods: Biofilms were grown in 24-well plates containing brucella broth in anaerobic conditions for 3 days, and were quantified using crystal violet staining. Images of SYTO 9 Green fluorescent stained biofilms were captured using confocal microscopy. Biofilm inhibition and detachment by proteinase and DNase I was tested. The biochemical characterization included quantification of proteins and DNA in the biofilms and biofilm-supernatants. Results:Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella oralis and Prevotella nigrescens showed highest biofilm formation. P. nigrescens formed significantly higher amounts of biofilms than P. loescheii (P = 0.005) and P. oralis (P = 0.0013). Inhibition of biofilm formation was significant only in the case of P. oralis when treated with proteinase (P = 0.037), whereas with DNase I treatment, the inhibition was not significant (P = 0.531). Overall, proteinase was more effective in biofilm detachment than DNase I. Protein and DNA content were higher in biofilm than the supernatant with the highest amounts found in P. nigrescens biofilm and supernatants. P. oralis biofilms appeared to secrete large amounts of proteins extracellularly into the biofilm-supernatants. Conclusion: Significant differences among Prevotella species to form biofilms may imply their variable abilities to get integrated into oral biofilm communities. Of the species that were able to grow as biofilms, DNase I and proteinase inhibited the biofilm growth or were able to cause biofilm detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurooq Zakariya Albaghdadi
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Jenan Bader Altaher
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Hana Drobiova
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Radhika G Bhardwaj
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Maribasappa Karched
- Oral Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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20
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Hbibi A, Bouziane A, Lyoussi B, Zouhdi M, Benazza D. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: From Basic to Advanced Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:45-67. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Metsäniitty M, Hasnat S, Salo T, Salem A. Oral Microbiota-A New Frontier in the Pathogenesis and Management of Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010046. [PMID: 35008213 PMCID: PMC8750462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of common and aggressive tumors. Recently, oral microbiota has been credited as an important player in carcinogenesis. However, the available knowledge is not always consistent and sometimes conflicting. Therefore, the present comprehensive systematic review of the current clinical reports was conducted to evaluate the role of oral microbiota in HNSCC. Importantly, this study addresses whether oral microbiota targeting could provide diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic utility in cancer patients. We also discussed the current limitations of this newly emerging field and the potential related strategies for the management of patients with HNSCC and possibly other solid tumors. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) comprises the majority of tumors in head and neck tissues. The prognosis of HNSCC has not significantly improved for decades, signifying the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Recent evidence suggests that oral microbiota is associated with carcinogenesis. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the current evidence regarding the role of oral microbiota in HNSCC and whether their targeting may confer diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic utility. Following the screening of 233 publications retrieved from multiple databases, 34 eligible studies comprising 2469 patients were compiled and critically appraised. Importantly, many oral pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were linked to certain oral potentially malignant lesions and various types of HNSCC. Furthermore, we summarized the association between the expression profiles of different oral bacterial species and their tumorigenic and prognostic effects in cancer patients. We also discussed the current limitations of this newly emerging area and the potential microbiota-related strategies for preventing and treating HNSCC. Whilst many clinical studies are underway to unravel the role of oral microbiota in cancer, the limited available data and experimental approaches reflect the newness of this promising yet challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Metsäniitty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Shrabon Hasnat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (M.M.); (S.H.); (T.S.)
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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22
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Seetaram M, Muralivel V, Nayak SU, Mala Shenoy S, Kuthethur S, Natarajan S, Shenoy S. Comparative Analysis of Change in pH, Oral Health Status, and the Count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus Species in the Oral Cavity in Patients with Gastroenteral Diseases Using Saliva: A Pilot Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:644-651. [PMID: 35036373 PMCID: PMC8713493 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_105_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seventy million people are affected by gastroenteral (GI) disturbances throughout the world. Oral cavity possesses various bacteria that remain as healthy commensals or turn pathogenic due to shift of balance with disturbances in health, which is reflected in the oral cavity too. Studies have shown a possible oro-systemic link. This study aimed at assessing the effect of GI disease on oral health comparing levels of pH, microbiological counts, and oral health status between test and control groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS This pilot study consisted of two groups: test group containing 14 participants (GI disease) and control group (healthy) containing 3 participants. Two saliva samples were collected per patient. One sample was inoculated onto Mitis Salivarius and Rugose agar plates at 37oC in the CO2 incubator for 2 days. The second sample was used for recording pH. Parameters such as decayed, missing, and filled teeth, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical loss of attachment were also recorded. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. Regression analysis was applied to predict the three-microbe culture based on the pH and GI disease. RESULTS The oral health parameters showed a higher number of missing teeth, higher bleeding on probing, higher values of plaque and gingival index, a higher amount of clinical loss of attachment, and acidic pH of saliva in the test group. Microbiological analysis showed more Streptococcus mutans in the control group (7,500-10,000 cfu/mL), with a mean of 8,833.33±1,258.31 cfu/mL; S. salivarius was more in the test group (2,000-25,000 cfu/mL) with a mean of 15,866.67±6,697.76 cfu/mL. Candida was seen only in the test group (2,166.67±2,549.51 cfu/mL) and absent in the control group. Lactobacillus was absent in both the groups. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the relation between oral health and GI diseases. Hence, saliva could be used as an easy, non-invasive biomarker to analyze the gastroenteric status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Seetaram
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaidhegi Muralivel
- Student, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Umesh Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Mala Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudha Kuthethur
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Shenoy
- Department of Gastro-enterology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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23
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Jiang Y, Song B, Brandt BW, Cheng L, Zhou X, Exterkate RAM, Crielaard W, Deng DM. Comparison of Red-Complex Bacteria Between Saliva and Subgingival Plaque of Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:727732. [PMID: 34692561 PMCID: PMC8531218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.727732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola). Saliva has been suggested as an alternative to subgingival plaque for the microbial analysis due to its easy and non-invasive collection. This systematic review aims to determine whether the levels of red-complex bacteria assessed using saliva reflect those in subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to April 30, 2021. Studies were considered eligible if microbial data of at least one of the red-complex species were reported in both saliva and subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients, based on DNA-based methods. Of the 17 included studies, 4 studies used 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, and the rest used PCR-based approaches. The detection frequency of each red-complex species in periodontitis patients was reported to be > 60% in most studies, irrespective of samples types. Meta-analyses revealed that both detection frequencies and relative abundances of red-complex bacteria in saliva were significantly lower than those in subgingival plaque. Moreover, the relative abundances of all 3 bacterial species in saliva showed significantly positive correlation with those in subgingival plaque. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that one-time saliva sampling cannot replace subgingival plaque for microbial analysis of the red-complex bacteria in periodontitis patients. Given the positive microbial associations between saliva and subgingival plaque, a thorough review of longitudinal clinical studies is needed to further assess the role of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rob A M Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Diao J, Yuan C, Tong P, Ma Z, Sun X, Zheng S. Potential Roles of the Free Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis in Periodontal Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:711282. [PMID: 34631597 PMCID: PMC8493099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.711282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a vital mediator in the oral cavity. The dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva might be related to the onset, development, prognosis, and recurrence of periodontal diseases, but this potential relationship is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential roles of the free salivary microbiome in different periodontal statuses, their reaction to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and differences between diseased individuals after treatment and healthy persons. We recruited 15 healthy individuals, 15 individuals with gingivitis, and 15 individuals with stage I/II generalized periodontitis. A total of 90 unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and sequenced using full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that as the severity of disease increased, from healthy to gingivitis and periodontitis, the degree of dysbiosis also increased. A higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia and Catonella morbi and a lower abundance of Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae might be biomarkers of periodontitis, with an area under curve (AUC) reaching 0.9733. When patients received supragingival scaling, there were more pathogens related to recolonization in the saliva of periodontitis patients than in healthy persons. Even after effective nonsurgical periodontal therapy, individuals with periodontitis displayed a more dysbiotic and pathogenic microbial community in their saliva than healthy individuals. Therefore, the gradual transition in the entire salivary microbial community from healthy to diseased includes a gradual shift to dysbiosis. Free salivary pathogens might play an important role in the recolonization of bacteria as well as the prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Diao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Tong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangke Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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25
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Periodontitis associates with species-specific gene expression of the oral microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34556654 PMCID: PMC8460658 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize species-specific bacterial activity of the oral microbiota in periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that chronic inflammation, i.e., periodontitis, associates with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. Oral microbial samples were collected from three oral sites—subgingival plaque, tongue, and saliva from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to perform concomitant characterization of taxonomic composition and to determine species-specific bacterial activity as expressed by the ratio of specific messenger RNA reads to their corresponding genomic DNA reads. Here, we show the association of periodontitis with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. While oral site was the main determinant of taxonomic composition as well as bacterial gene expression, periodontitis was significantly associated with a reduction of carbohydrate metabolism of the oral microbiota at three oral sites (subgingival plaque, tongue, and saliva). Data from the present study revealed the association of periodontitis with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. Conditions of periodontitis was associated with bacterial activity of local subgingival plaque, but also on tongue and the salivary microbiota. Collectively, data suggest that periodontitis associates with impaired carbohydrate metabolism of the oral microbiota. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to evaluate the potential pathogenic role of impaired bacterial carbohydrate metabolism not only in periodontitis but also in other diseases with low-grade inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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26
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Measuring Effects of Dietary Fiber on the Murine Oral Microbiome with Enrichment of 16S rDNA Prior to Amplicon Synthesis. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34410651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1518-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity houses a diverse consortium of microorganisms corresponding to specific microbial niches within the oral cavity. The complicated nature of sample collection limits the accuracy, reproducibility, and completeness of sample collection of the dentogingival microbiome. Moreover, large variability among human oral samples introduces inexorable confounds. Here, we introduce a method to study the dentogingival microbiome using a murine model that allows for greater control over experimental variability and permits collection of the dentogingival microbiome in an intact state and in its entirety.As an example of this approach, this chapter provides a workflow to explore the effect of dietary fiber consumption on the murine dentogingival microbiome . Mice are fed diets corresponding to Fiber, Sugar, Fiber + Sugar, and Control groups for 7 weeks. A whole-mandible extraction technique is described to isolate the mandibular dentogingival surfaces. 16S rRNA gene analysis is coupled with removal of unwanted host DNA amplification products to allow an investigation of the dental microbiome in the presence of increased fiber in terms of microbial taxonomic abundance and diversity.
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27
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Oral Microbiota Identifies Patients in Early Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081657. [PMID: 34442739 PMCID: PMC8400434 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune inflammatory disease, and single periodontitis-associated bacteria have been suggested in disease manifestation. Here, the oral microbiota was characterized in relation to the early onset of RA (eRA) taking periodontal status into consideration. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of saliva bacterial DNA from 61 eRA patients without disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and 59 matched controls was performed. Taxonomic classification at 98.5% was conducted against the Human Oral Microbiome Database, microbiota functions were predicted using PICRUSt, and periodontal status linked from the Swedish quality register for clinically assessed caries and periodontitis. The participants were classified into three distinct microbiota-based cluster groups with cluster allocation differences by eRA status. Independently of periodontal status, eRA patients had enriched levels of Prevotella pleuritidis, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Filifactor alocis species and in the Porphyromonas and Fusobacterium genera and functions linked to ornithine metabolism, glucosylceramidase, beta-lactamase resistance, biphenyl degradation, fatty acid metabolism and 17-beta-estradiol-17-dehydrogenase metabolism. The results support a deviating oral microbiota composition already in eRA patients compared with healthy controls and highlight a panel of oral bacteria that may be useful in eRA risk assessment in both periodontally healthy and diseased persons.
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28
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Ma J, Kageyama S, Takeshita T, Shibata Y, Furuta M, Asakawa M, Yamashita Y. Clinical utility of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria in salivary microbiota for detecting periodontitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253502. [PMID: 34170942 PMCID: PMC8232462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva contains diverse bacteria shed from various oral sites, including subgingival plaque. It is reasonable to focus on the total occupancy of subgingival plaque-specific bacteria (SUBP bacteria), which live in subgingival environments, in the saliva for detecting periodontitis using salivary testing. This study aimed to validate the clinical utility of SUBP bacteria in the salivary microbiota for the detection of periodontitis. We examined stimulated saliva samples collected from 125 subjects who visited three dental clinics. The relative abundances of previously identified 11 SUBP bacteria were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and a reference-based approach. The prediction performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SUBP bacteria accounted for 0-15.4% of the salivary microbiota, and the percentage distinguished periodontitis patients with at least 15 sites with probing depth ≥4 mm with a sensitivity of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81-0.98) and specificity of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.60-0.80) (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.87). Among 2,047 combinations of 11 SUBP bacteria, combinations including Streptococcus constellatus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii demonstrated significantly higher AUC values in their detection. These results suggest that examining SUBP bacteria in saliva may be useful for detecting periodontitis patients in mass screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Kageyama
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Takeshita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukie Shibata
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikari Asakawa
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamashita
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Balhaddad AA, Garcia IM, Mokeem L, Ibrahim MS, Collares FM, Weir MD, Xu HHK, Melo MAS. Bifunctional Composites for Biofilms Modulation on Cervical Restorations. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1063-1071. [PMID: 34167373 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211018189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical composites treating root carious and noncarious cervical lesions usually extend subgingivally. The subgingival margins of composites present poor plaque control, enhanced biofilm accumulation, and cause gingival irritation. A potential material to restore such lesions should combine agents that interfere with bacterial biofilm development and respond to acidic conditions. Here, we explore the use of new bioresponsive bifunctional dental composites against mature microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque samples. The designed formulations contain 2 bioactive agents: dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) at 3 to 5 wt.% and 20 wt.% nanosized amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) in a base resin. Composites with no DMAHDM and NACP were used as controls. The newly formulated 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP composite was analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The wettability and surface-free energy were also assessed. The inhibitory effect on the in vitro biofilm growth and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing of survival bacterial colonies derived from the composites were analyzed. Whole-biofilm metabolic activity, polysaccharide production, and live/dead images of the biofilm grown over the composites complement the microbiological assays. Overall, the designed formulations had higher contact angles with water and lower surface-free energy compared to the commercial control. The DMAHDM-NACP composites significantly inhibited the growth of total microorganisms, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum by 3 to 5-log (P < 0.001). For the colony isolates from control composites, the composition was typically dominated by the genera Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Streptococcus, Eikenella, and Leptotrichia, while Fusobacterium and Veillonella dominated the 5% DMAHDM-20% NACP composites. The DMAHDM-NACP composites contributed to over 80% of reduction in metabolic and polysaccharide activity. The suppression effect on plaque biofilms suggested that DMAHDM-NACP composites might be used as a bioactive material for cervical restorations. These results may propose an exciting path to prevent biofilm growth and improve dental composite restorations' life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - I M Garcia
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L Mokeem
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M S Ibrahim
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M D Weir
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H H K Xu
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A S Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Karadayı S, Arasoglu T, Akmayan İ, Karadayı B. Assessment of the exclusion potential of suspects by using microbial signature in sexual assault cases: A scenario-based experimental study. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 325:110886. [PMID: 34192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual assault offences are one of the most serious crimes committed against a person, typically rank only second to homicide, and represent one of the major challenges in forensic sciences. In some cases of sexual assault, there may be more than one suspect and the analysis of the biological evidence with currently available methods such as human DNA analysis may not yield results. In this study using the designed experimental model (with different experimental scenarios that can be designed), it was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the microbiome profile for the identification of the offender by comparing the microbiome structures of the suspects' saliva samples with the mixed samples on the victim (saliva transmitted on breast skin) within the first 48 h after a sexual assault. For this purpose, a total of 44 samples was collected from four healthy females and four healthy males aged 20-50 years. Microbiome profiles of 44 samples in four groups containing saliva, breast skin and mixed samples were determined with the IIlumina HiSeq platform. Differentiation between samples were calculated by beta-diversity analysis methods by using QIIME software (v1.80). To compare the differentiation among samples and groups, unweighted UniFrac distance values were applied. Eight dominant microbial genera accounted for 86.15% of the total bacterial population in male saliva samples and were composed of Fusobacterium, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Rothia, Streptococcus and Veillonella. These genera constituted 76.72% of the bacterial population in mixed samples, whereas they constituted 34.40% of the bacterial population in the breast skin samples. Results of this study show that bacterial DNA in saliva can be recovered from saliva transmitted breast skin within at least 48 h. In conclusion, it has been found that examination of the microbiota of the saliva transmitted to breast skin of a sexual assault victim as a forensic tool may have the potential to determine the offender of the incident among the suspects or to reduce the number of suspects. Supporting the results of this study with further studies using parameters such as different case models, different body regions, larger time periods and a higher number of participants will be beneficial to draw accurate conclusion of the judicial case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukriye Karadayı
- Vocational School of Health Services, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Tulin Arasoglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlkgül Akmayan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Beytullah Karadayı
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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31
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Lee CT, Li R, Zhu L, Tribble GD, Zheng WJ, Ferguson B, Maddipati KR, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE. Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691216. [PMID: 34177951 PMCID: PMC8222734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ruoxing Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Plachokova AS, Andreu-Sánchez S, Noz MP, Fu J, Riksen NP. Oral Microbiome in Relation to Periodontitis Severity and Systemic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115876. [PMID: 34070915 PMCID: PMC8199296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation induced by periodontitis is suggested to be the link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was to explore the oral microbiome in periodontitis in relation to disease severity and systemic inflammation. The saliva and subgingival microbiome from periodontal pocket samples of patients with severe (n = 12) and mild periodontitis (n = 13) were analyzed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. The taxa and pathways abundances were quantified. The diversity was assessed and the abundances to phenotype associations were performed using ANCOM and linear regression. A panel of inflammatory markers was measured in blood and was associated with taxa abundance. The microbial diversity and species richness did not differ between severe and mild periodontitis in either saliva or periodontal pockets. However, there were significant differences in the microbial composition between severe and mild periodontitis in the subgingival microbiome (i.e., pocket samples) and, in a lower grade, in saliva, and this is positively associated with systemic inflammatory markers. The “red complex” and “cluster B” abundances in periodontal pockets were strongly associated with inflammatory markers interleukin-6 and the white blood cell count. Our data suggest that systemic inflammation in severe periodontitis may be driven by the oral microbiome and may support the indirect (inflammatory) mechanism for the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina S. Plachokova
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.S.P.); (N.P.R.)
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.A.-S.); (J.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies P. Noz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (S.A.-S.); (J.F.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P. Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (A.S.P.); (N.P.R.)
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33
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Short-term improvement of clinical parameters and microbial diversity in periodontitis patients following Indocyanine green-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A randomized single-blind split-mouth cohort. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102349. [PMID: 34033939 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy is effective against chronic periodontitis. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of indocyanine green-based adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis patients. METHODS Fifty-six periodontally involved teeth of 20 patients were treated with "scaling and root planing" (control group) or "scaling and root planing with indocyanine green-based (perio-green, 0.1 mg/ml) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy" (test group) using a split-mouth design. We performed clinical assessment of probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment loss, and other indices, while plaque samples were collected for microbiome analysis. RESULTS At baseline, periodontal depth and clinical attachment loss were significantly higher in the test group (p < 0.05), and at 1-month post-treatment, we observed a significant favorable reduction of both periodontal depth and clinical attachment loss in test and control sites, with lower means maintained at 3 months (p = 0.01 and p = 0.000, respectively). Additionally, analysis of variance showed significant improvements in periodontal depth and clinical attachment loss in the indocyanine green-antimicrobial photodynamic therapy group (p = 0.001), although not for clinical attachment loss in controls (p = 0.102). Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in test sites for bleeding on probing and residual pocket post-therapy (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Furthermore, microbiome analysis identified Porphyromonons gingivalis, Treponema, and Tannerella in all samples with favorable changes in test sites (p = 0.07). CONCLUSION We observed a significant reduction in periodontal clinical parameters (periodontal depth and clinical attachment loss) in chronic periodontitis patients treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive procedure to conventional scaling and root planing. This improvement was associated with periodontal pathogen reduction and increase in the healthy subgingival microbiome.
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34
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Chigasaki O, Aoyama N, Sasaki Y, Takeuchi Y, Mizutani K, Ikeda Y, Gokyu M, Umeda M, Izumi Y, Iwata T, Aoki A. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the most influential pathogen in red-complex bacteria: A cross-sectional study on the relationship between bacterial count and clinical periodontal status in Japan. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1719-1729. [PMID: 33856713 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key pathogen in microbiota associated with periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the association between salivary counts of red-complex bacteria and clinical periodontal status in a Japanese population. METHODS A total of 977 subjects who visited a general dental clinic in Japan from 2003 to 2006 were enrolled in the study. Stimulated saliva was obtained, and the amounts of major periodontal bacteria were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and each subject's average proximal bone crest level (BCL) on dental radiographs were measured. RESULTS The number of P. gingivalis strongly associated with percentage of 4 mm or more PPD sites, BOP positive percentage, and 1.5 mm or more BCL sites. The detection of P. gingivalis with Treponema denticola and/or Tannerella forsythia showed a high rate of three positive clinical parameters, whereas the only P. gingivalis detected group and those without P. gingivalis had a low rate of three positive clinical parameters. CONCLUSION Among red-complex bacteria, the amount of P. gingivalis showed the strongest association with the severity of periodontal condition, and co-occurrence of P. gingivalis with T. denticola and/or T. forsythia showed heightened progression of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otofumi Chigasaki
- Tsukuba Health-Care Dental Clinic, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Norio Aoyama
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Koji Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikeda
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Misa Gokyu
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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35
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Kamer AR, Pushalkar S, Gulivindala D, Butler T, Li Y, Annam KRC, Glodzik L, Ballman KV, Corby PM, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Saxena D, de Leon MJ. Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 13:e12172. [PMID: 33869725 PMCID: PMC8040436 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis that is associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome. METHODS A total of 48 elderly cognitively normal subjects were evaluated for differences in subgingival periodontal bacteria (assayed by 16S rRNA sequencing) between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker groups of amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. A dysbiotic index (DI) was defined at the genus level as the abundance ratio of known periodontal bacteria to healthy bacteria. Analysis of variance/analysis of covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), linear discriminant effect-size analyses (LEfSe) were used to determine the bacterial genera and species differences between the CSF biomarker groups. RESULTS At genera and species levels, higher subgingival periodontal dysbiosis was associated with reduced CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 (P = 0.02 and 0.01) but not with P-tau. DISCUSSION We show a selective relationship between periodontal disease bacterial dysbiosis and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis, but not for tau. Further modeling is needed to establish the direct link between oral bacteria and Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Deepthi Gulivindala
- Department of Periodontology and Implant DentistryCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Tracy Butler
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Yi Li
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Lidia Glodzik
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Karla V. Ballman
- Division of BiostatisticsDepartment of Population Health SciencesWeill Medical CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUSA
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- Department of Oral MedicineSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and NeurochemistryInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiologythe Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative DiseaseUCL Institute of NeurologyLondonUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCLLondonUK
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular PathobiologyCollege of DentistryNew York UniversityNew YorkUSA
| | - Mony J. de Leon
- Department of RadiologyWeill Medical CenterBrain Health Imaging Institute Cornell UniversityNew YorkUSA
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36
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Reinholdt J, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH, Massarenti L. Circulating antibodies against leukotoxin A as marker of periodontitis grades B and C and oral infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1795-1804. [PMID: 33749825 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facultative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is strongly associated with periodontitis and is occasionally found in periodontally healthy subjects. We aimed to determine the prevalence of salivary Aa among patients with either periodontitis grade B (periodontitis-B) or grade C (periodontitis-C), periodontally healthy controls (HCs), and to determine if systemic antibodies against Aa or its virulence factor leukotoxin A (LtxA) may serve as biomarkers that reveal the oral presence of the bacterium and discriminate subjects with periodontitis-C, periodontitis-B, or no periodontitis from each other. METHODS Serum and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis-C (n = 27), patients with periodontitis-B (n = 34), and HCs (n = 28). Serum level of immunoglobulin G antibodies to fragmented whole Aa and to LtxA were quantified using a bead-based assay. Aa was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking status. RESULTS Aa was present in saliva from 11% of HCs, in 32% of patients with periodontitis-B (P = 0.04 versus HCs), and in 37% of patients with periodontitis-C (P = 0.02 versus HCs). Serum antibodies to fragments of Aa associated significantly with periodontitis-C (P = 0.03), while serum anti-LtxA antibodies associated with both periodontitis-B and periodontitis-C (P = 0.002 and P = 9×10-4 , respectively). Moreover, a significant association between serum anti-LtxA antibodies and Aa count in saliva was observed (P = 0.001). On the basis of serum anti-LtxA antibody levels, patients with periodontitis could be discriminated from HCs (AUC = 0.74 in ROC curve-analysis, P = 0.0003), and carriers of Aa could be discriminated from non-carriers (AUC = 0.78, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Aa is highly prevalent in saliva of patients with periodontitis-B or periodontitis-C. Systemic immunoglobulin G antibodies against LtxA distinguish patients with periodontitis, regardless of grade, from HCs, while their quantity reflects the concurrent bacterial burden in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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37
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Nomura Y, Morozumi T, Saito A, Yoshimura A, Kakuta E, Suzuki F, Nishimura F, Takai H, Kobayashi H, Noguchi K, Takahashi K, Tabeta K, Umeda M, Minabe M, Fukuda M, Sugano N, Hanada N, Yoshinari N, Sekino S, Takashiba S, Sato S, Nakamura T, Sugaya T, Nakayama Y, Ogata Y, Numabe Y, Nakagawa T. Prospective Longitudinal Changes in the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area Following Active Periodontal Treatment for Chronic Periodontitis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061165. [PMID: 33802109 PMCID: PMC7998532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissue. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is a proposed index for quantifying the inflammatory burden resulting from periodontitis lesions. This study aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in the periodontal status as evaluated by the PISA following the active periodontal treatment. To elucidate the prognostic factors of PISA, mixed-effect modeling was performed for clinical parameters, tooth-type, and levels of periodontal pathogens as independent variables. One-hundred-twenty-five patients with chronic periodontitis who completed the active periodontal treatment were followed-up for 24 months, with evaluations conducted at 6-month intervals. Five-times repeated measures of mean PISA values were 130+/−173, 161+/−276, 184+/−320, 175+/−417, and 209+/−469 mm2. Changes in clinical parameters and salivary and subgingival periodontal pathogens were analyzed by mixed-effect modeling. Plaque index, clinical attachment level, and salivary levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis were associated with changes in PISA at the patient- and tooth-level. Subgingival levels of P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were associated with changes in PISA at the sample site. For most patients, changes in PISA were within 10% of baseline during the 24-month follow-up. However, an increase in the number of bleeding sites in a tooth with a deep periodontal pocket increased the PISA value exponentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (Y.N.); (N.H.)
| | - Toshiya Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-46-822-8855
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan;
| | - Erika Kakuta
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
| | - Fumihiko Suzuki
- Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral Surgery, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Kazuyuki Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (T.N.)
| | - Keiso Takahashi
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan;
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
| | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Mitsuo Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan;
| | - Naoyuki Sugano
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan; (Y.N.); (N.H.)
| | - Nobuo Yoshinari
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri 399-0781, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan;
| | - Soh Sato
- Department of Periodontology, School of life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan;
| | - Toshiaki Nakamura
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (T.N.)
| | - Tsutomu Sugaya
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan; (H.T.); (Y.N.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan; (S.S.); (Y.N.)
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
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Saadaoui M, Singh P, Al Khodor S. Oral microbiome and pregnancy: A bidirectional relationship. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 145:103293. [PMID: 33676065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity contains the second most complex microbial population within the human body, with more than 700 bacterial organisms. Recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing technology have unraveled the complexities of the oral microbiome and provided valuable insights into its role in health and disease. The human oral microbiome varies dramatically during the different stages of life, including pregnancy. The total viable microbial counts in pregnant women are known to be higher compared to non-pregnant women, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy. A balanced oral microbiome is vital for a healthy pregnancy, as perturbations in the oral microbiome composition can contribute to pregnancy complications. On the other hand, physiological changes and differences in hormonal levels during pregnancy, increase susceptibility to various oral diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. A growing body of evidence supports the link between the composition of the oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, low birth weight among others. This review aims to summarize the dynamics of oral microbiome during pregnancy and to discuss the relationship between a dysbiotic oral microbiome and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Singh
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Guo R, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shi J, Li W. Salivary microbiome and periodontal status of patients with periodontitis during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:644-652. [PMID: 33608141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with severe periodontitis typically present with pathologic tooth migration. To improve esthetics and masticatory function, orthodontic treatment is required. Research on periodontal orthodontic treatment has been sparse, particularly from the microbial perspective. Hence, we analyzed the microbial and clinical changes in patients with well-controlled periodontitis in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. METHODS Ten patients with well-controlled periodontitis were asked to collect saliva before and 1 and 3 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, and T2, respectively) and underwent clinical examinations before and 1, 3, and 6 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The microbial community of saliva was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gingival index, the plaque index, and the probing pocket depth were clinically assessed. RESULTS The plaque index significantly increased from T0 to T1 and decreased at T2 and T3. The probing pocket depth and gingival index increased slightly at T2, but not significantly, in both the high-risk site and low-risk site. The alpha and beta diversity increased at T1. The microbial community structure was similar at T0 and T2. The relative abundance of core genera and periodontal pathogens was stable during the initial 3 months of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS The orthodontic appliance promoted plaque accumulation and altered the microbial community of patients with well-controlled periodontitis during the first month of orthodontic treatment. The microbial community returned to the basal composition at 3 months after appliance placement, and the periodontal inflammation during the 6-months orthodontic treatment was under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Bachtiar BM, Theodorea CF, Tahapary DL, Astrella C, n/a N, Bachtiar EW. A pilot study of red complex and three genera subgingival microbiome in periodontitis subjects with and without diabetes, evaluated by MinION platform. F1000Res 2021; 10:79. [PMID: 34249333 PMCID: PMC8261760 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28216.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subgingival niche is one biofilm habitat containing rich microbiota, which plays an active role in maintaining the health of periodontal tissue and determining host response. As such, a study of changing subgingival biofilms is important for understanding the effect of a systemic condition. In this study, we compared the occurrence of six bacteria cohabiting in the subgingival area of periodontitis subjects, with (DP, n = 8) and without (NDP, n = 4) diabetes. Methods: The six genus and species of targeted bacteria were confirmed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on MinION nanopore platform. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the obtained data. Results: We found that the six genus and species of targeted bacteria were detected but in different quantities in either group's periodontal pocket. Our data showed that Tannerella forsythia was the most abundant species in subgingival biofilms of the DP group of the red complex bacteria. In contrast, Aggregatibacter sp., which belongs to the phylum of proteobacteria, was present at a relatively lower level. In contrast, Fusobacterium sp., which belongs to orange complex bacteria, showed relative similarities in subgingival biofilms of both groups tested, while Veillonella sp., were abundant in the DP groups. Conclusions: Our data show that the diversity of classic periodontopathogens increased in the subgingival niche of periodontitis subjects with diabetes. It is the first study in Indonesia to apply MinION-based, full-length 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boy M Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Citra F Theodorea
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dicky L Tahapary
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Cindy Astrella
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Aging Cluster, The Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Natalina n/a
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Endang W Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Relvas M, Regueira-Iglesias A, Balsa-Castro C, Salazar F, Pacheco JJ, Cabral C, Henriques C, Tomás I. Relationship between dental and periodontal health status and the salivary microbiome: bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and predictive models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:929. [PMID: 33441710 PMCID: PMC7806737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess the impact on salivary microbiome of different grades of dental and periodontal disease and the combination of both (hereinafter referred to as oral disease), in terms of bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network patterns and predictive models. Our scale of overall oral health was used to produce a convenience sample of 81 patients from 270 who were initially recruited. Saliva samples were collected from each participant. Sequencing was performed in Illumina MiSeq with 2 × 300 bp reads, while the raw reads were processed according to the Mothur pipeline. The statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data at the species level was conducted using the phyloseq, DESeq2, Microbiome, SpiecEasi, igraph, MixOmics packages. The simultaneous presence of dental and periodontal pathology has a potentiating effect on the richness and diversity of the salivary microbiota. The structure of the bacterial community in oral health differs from that present in dental, periodontal or oral disease, especially in high grades. Supragingival dental parameters influence the microbiota’s abundance more than subgingival periodontal parameters, with the former making a greater contribution to the impact that oral health has on the salivary microbiome. The possible keystone OTUs are different in the oral health and disease, and even these vary between dental and periodontal disease: half of them belongs to the core microbiome and are independent of the abundance parameters. The salivary microbiome, involving a considerable number of OTUs, shows an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing different grades of dental, periodontal or oral disease; considering the number of predictive OTUs, the best model is that which predicts the combined dental and periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Relvas
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - A Regueira-Iglesias
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Balsa-Castro
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Salazar
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - J J Pacheco
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - C Cabral
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - C Henriques
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Tecnologies (IINFACTS), IUCS-Cespu-Instituto Universitário de Ciencias da Saúde, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal
| | - I Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, 15872, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abstract
Evidence on the role of the oral microbiome in health and disease is changing the way we understand, diagnose, and treat ailments. Numerous studies on diseases affecting the oral cavity have revealed a large amount of data that is invaluable for the advancements in diagnosing and treating these diseases. However, the clinical translation of most of these exploratory data is stalled by variable methodology between studies and non-uniform reporting of the data.Understanding the key areas that are gateways to bias in microbiome studies is imperative to overcome this challenge faced by oral microbiome research. Bias can be multifactorial and may be introduced in a microbiome research study during the formulation of the study design, sample collection and storage, or the sample processing protocols before sequencing. This chapter summarizes the recommendations from literature to eliminate bias in the microbiome research studies and to ensure the reproducibility of the microbiome research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gopinath
- Oral Diagnostic & Surgical Sciences Department, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rohit Kunnath Menon
- Clinical Dentistry (Prosthodontics), School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tonoyan L, Chevalier M, Vincent-Bugnas S, Marsault R, Doglio A. Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Periodontitis: A Review of Methodological Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010072. [PMID: 33383930 PMCID: PMC7823867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory condition that affects the structures surrounding the tooth eventually leading to tooth loss, is one of the two biggest threats to oral health. Beyond oral health, it is associated with systemic diseases and even with cancer risk. Obviously, periodontitis represents a major global health problem with significant social and economic impact. Recently, a new paradigm was proposed in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis involving a herpesviral–bacterial combination to promote long-term chronic inflammatory disease. Periodontitis as a risk factor for other systemic diseases can also be better explained based on viral–bacterial etiology. Significant efforts have brought numerous advances in revealing the links between periodontitis and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a gamma herpesvirus ubiquitous in the adult human population. The strong evidence from these studies may contribute to the advancement of periodontitis research and the ultimate control of the disease. Advancing the periodontitis research will require implementing suitable methods to establish EBV involvement in periodontitis. This review evaluates and summarizes the existing methods that allow the detection and diagnosis of EBV in periodontitis (also applicable in a more general way to other EBV-related diseases), and discusses the feasibility of the application of innovative emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Tonoyan
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marlène Chevalier
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Séverine Vincent-Bugnas
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Robert Marsault
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Alain Doglio
- MICORALIS, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Côte D’Azur, 5 rue du 22ième BCA, 06357 Nice, France; (M.C.); (S.V.-B.); (R.M.); (A.D.)
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique (UTCG), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06101 Nice, France
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Hui WL, Ipe D, Perrotti V, Piattelli A, Fang Z, Ostrikov K, Quaranta A. Novel technique using cold atmospheric plasma coupled with air-polishing for the treatment of titanium discs grown with biofilm: An in-vitro study. Dent Mater 2020; 37:359-369. [PMID: 33358017 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the decontamination efficacy and titanium surface alterations of erythritol based air abrasion (AA) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) targeting a human complex biofilm. METHODS Saliva collected from a peri-implantitis patient was used to develop in vitro human biofilm over titanium discs with machined (group A) and moderately rough (group B) surface. The discs were treated with AA, experimental CAP or a combination of both treatments (COM). The amount of biofilm on the discs was measured by crystal violet (CV). Surface features and roughness before and after treatment were assessed by SEM and laser profilometry, respectively. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test after being checked for normality by Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS All the discs in group A performed better to treatments compared to group B. In both groups, CV data showed significantly lower amount of biofilm after AA treatment compared to CAP (p<0.05). Cleaning efficacy revealed relevant decontamination of both the surfaces following AA and COM treatments and almost complete biofilm removal after AA application on group A (99.92%). SEM analysis demonstrated no post-treatment alterations on the discs and laser profilometry did not show statistically significant changes in Sa and Sdr values. SIGNIFICANCE Decontamination with AA delivering erythritol with or without CAP is highly effective in biofilm removal from different titanium surfaces. All the tested treatments, including CAP showed no noticeable alterations of the titanium discs surface features. Further in vivo studies are necessary to understand the potential of CAP technology in implant surface decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lai Hui
- Private Practice, Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deepak Ipe
- School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences (DSMOB), University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kostya Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alessandro Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Choi JU, Lee JB, Kim KH, Kim S, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacterial Profiles of Different Periodontal Disease Severity Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E965. [PMID: 33213109 PMCID: PMC7698795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria are known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively compare bacterial profile of patients with different severity of periodontal disease using samples from mouthwash and the subgingival area. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mouthwash and two subgingival sampling methods: paperpoint and gingival retraction cord; 114 subjects enrolled in the study, and were divided equally into three groups according to disease severity. Mouthwash and subgingival sampling were conducted, and the samples were quantitatively analyzed for 11 target periodontopathic bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial counts and prevalence of several species between the study groups. Mouthwash sampling showed significant correlations with two different subgingival sampling methods in regard to the detection of several bacteria (e.g., ρ = 0.793 for Porphyromonas gingivalis in severe periodontitis), implying that mouthwash sampling can reflect subgingival microbiota. However, the correlation was more prominent as disease severity increased. Although bacteria in mouthwash have potential to become a biomarker, it may be more suitable for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis, rather than early diagnosis. Further research is required for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Uk Choi
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Assad DX, Mascarenhas ECP, de Lima CL, de Toledo IP, Chardin H, Combes A, Acevedo AC, Guerra ENS. Salivary metabolites to detect patients with cancer: a systematic review. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1016-1036. [PMID: 32221803 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel adjunctive screening aids are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to cancer, and every effort should be made for early diagnosis. This systematic review aimed to evaluate salivary metabolites and their diagnostic value in patients with cancer.The systematic review was performed in two phases and included studies that focused on the diagnostic value of salivary metabolites in humans with solid malignant neoplasms. Five electronic databases were searched, and the risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria (QUADAS-2). All procedures were performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Of the 1151 studies retrieved, 25 were included; 13 studies used targeted and 12 untargeted metabolomics approaches. Most studies included patients with breast and oral cancer. Except for one, all studies had case-control designs, and none fulfilled all quality assessments. Overall, 140 salivary metabolites were described. The most frequently reported metabolites were alanine, valine, and leucine. Among the 11 studies that reported diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) values, proline, threonine, and histidine in combination and monoacylglycerol alone demonstrated the highest DTA for breast cancer. Combined choline, betaine, pipecolinic acid, and L-carnitine showed better discriminatory performance for early oral cancer.This systematic review highlights the current evidence on salivary metabolites that may be used as a future strategy to diagnose cancer. Further studies including larger sample sizes with confirmation of the results by untargeted analysis are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Xavier Assad
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, SGAS 613 Conj. E Bl. B, Brasília, DF, 70200-730, Brazil
| | - Elisa Cançado Porto Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.,Medical Oncology Department, Cettro-Centro de Câncer de Brasília, SMH/N Quadra 02, 12° Andar, Brasilia, DF, 70710-904, Brazil
| | - Caroline Lourenço de Lima
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Porto de Toledo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Hélène Chardin
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), ESPCI Paris, UMR CBI 8231, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France.,Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Paris, 1 rue M. Arnoux, 92120, Montrouge, France
| | - Audrey Combes
- Department of Analytical, Bioanalytical Sciences and Miniaturization (LSABM), ESPCI Paris, UMR CBI 8231, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Eliete Neves Silva Guerra
- Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Antezack A, Chaudet H, Tissot-Dupont H, Brouqui P, Monnet-Corti V. Rapid diagnosis of periodontitis, a feasibility study using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230334. [PMID: 32168352 PMCID: PMC7069628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic contribution of protein profiling using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry applied to saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and dental plaque from periodontitis and healthy subjects. We hypothesized that rapid routine and blinded MALDI-TOF analysis could accurately classify these three types of samples according to periodontal state. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unstimulated saliva, GCF and dental plaque, collected from periodontitis subjects and healthy controls, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Based on the differentially expressed peaks between the two groups, diagnostic decision trees were built for each sample. RESULTS Among 141 patients (67 periodontitis and 74 healthy controls), the decision trees diagnosed periodontitis with a sensitivity = 70.3% (± 0.211) and a specificity = 77.8% (± 0.165) for saliva, a sensitivity = 79.6% (± 0.188) and a specificity = 75.7% (± 0.195) for GCF, and a sensitivity = 72.1% (± 0.202) and a specificity = 72.2% (± 0.195) for dental plaque. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were improved to 100% (CI 95% = [0.91;1]) and 100% (CI 95% = [0.92;1]), respectively, when two samples were tested. CONCLUSION We developed, for the first time, diagnostic tests based on protein profiles of saliva, GCF and dental plaque between periodontitis patients and healthy subjects. When at least 2 of these samples were tested, the best results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Antezack
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Chaudet
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Tissot-Dupont
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brouqui
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Monnet-Corti
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology, AP-HM, UFR of Odontology, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- AP-HM, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Islam MM, Ekuni D, Toyama N, Kobayashi T, Fujimori K, Uchida Y, Fukuhara D, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Kataoka K, Iwasaki Y, Morita M. Relationship of Salivary Microbiome with the Worsening of the Periodontal Health Status in Young Adults: A 3-Year Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051764. [PMID: 32182740 PMCID: PMC7085813 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of the salivary microbiome on the worsening of the periodontal health status among Japanese young adults. We assessed the data of systemically healthy and non-smoking young (18–22 years) university students (n = 457) from Okayama University at baseline (2013) and follow-up (2016). The worsening group was defined based on an increase in the percentage of bleeding on probing (%BOP) or an increase in probing pocket depth (PPD) from <4 mm to ≥4 mm. Unstimulated saliva samples were randomly collected from 69 students for microbiome analysis at follow-up. The salivary microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. The type of community in the salivary microbiome clustered by statistical analysis and diversity was not significantly associated with the worsening of the periodontal health status in cases of increasing %BOP and PPD (p > 0.05). The prevalence of some species was significantly higher in the worsening group than in the non-worsening group (p < 0.05) in both cases. The worsening of the periodontal health status was associated with some species, but not the type of community and diversity in the salivary microbiome among Japanese young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6712
| | - Naoki Toyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Terumasa Kobayashi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Kohei Fujimori
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (Y.U.); (D.F.); (A.T.-T.)
| | - Kota Kataoka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Iwasaki
- Health Service Center, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (M.M.I.); (N.T.); (T.K.); (K.F.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
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49
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Belstrøm D. The salivary microbiota in health and disease. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1723975. [PMID: 32128039 PMCID: PMC7034443 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1723975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The salivary microbiota (SM), comprising bacteria shed from oral surfaces, has been shown to be individualized, temporally stable and influenced by diet and lifestyle. SM reflects local bacterial alterations of the supragingival and subgingival microbiota, and periodontitis and dental-caries associated characteristics of SM have been reported. Also, data suggest an impact of systemic diseases on SM as demonstrated in patients with a wide variety of systemic diseases including diabetes, cancer, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. The presence of systemic diseases seems to influence salivary levels of specific bacterial species, as well as α- and β-diversity of SM. The composition of SM might thereby potentially mirror oral and general health status. The contentious development of advanced molecular techniques such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomics has enabled the possibility to address bacterial functions rather than presence in microbial samples. However, at present only a few studies have employed such techniques on SM to reveal functional and metabolic characteristics in oral health and disease. Future studies are therefore warranted to illuminate the possible impact of metabolic functions of SM on oral and general health status. Ultimately, such an approach has the possibility to reveal novel and personalized therapeutic avenues in oral and general medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Periodontology and Microbiology, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Niazi FH, Koppolu P, Tanvir SB, Samran A, Alqerban A. Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis among HIV seropositive patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101608. [PMID: 31770598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate clinical periodontal and microbiological parameters after the treatment with adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) among HIV seropositive and seronegative patients with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seropositive patients (Group-I) and health controls (Group-II) with NUP were randomized into two groups and further underwent APDT and scaling and root planing (SRP), respectively. Clinical periodontal parameters including full mouth plaque index (FMPI), bleeding on probing (FMBOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were assessed. Levels of bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) were assessed using PCR technique. All assessments were done at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS All periodontal parameters including FMPI, FMBOP, PD and CAL significantly improved in both HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. The reduction in mean PD was higher only with the APDT treatment among group II patients compared to group I patients at follow-up (p < 0.05). The gain in mean CAL was higher only with the APDT treatment among group I and group II patients at follow-up (p < 0.05). All bacterial levels reduced from baseline to follow-up with both APDT and SRP treatments in both groups (p < 0.05). APDT showed significantly reduced counts of Aa and Tf at 3 months, and only Aa at 6 months among HIV seropositive patients, while the levels of Pg and Tf significantly reduced at 3 months and only Aa at 6 months in the seronegative patients, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing was effective in improving clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial levels among HIV positive patients with NUP. However, the improvement was not greater when compared with HIV seronegative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Pradeep Koppolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Bilal Tanvir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Aluloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Ali Alqerban
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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