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Holkar SK, Ghotgalkar PS, Markad HN, Bhanbhane VC, Saha S, Banerjee K. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Distribution of Fungal Endophytes and Their Utilization for Plant Growth Promotion and Management of Grapevine Diseases. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:116. [PMID: 38489076 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03635-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the economically most important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Grape production is significantly affected by biotic constraints leading to heavy crop losses. Changing climatic conditions leading to widespread occurrence of different foliar diseases in grapevine. Chemical products are used for managing these diseases through preventive and curative application in the vineyard. High disease pressure and indiscriminate use of chemicals leading to residue in the final harvest and resistance development in phytopathogens. To mitigate these challenges, the adoption of potential biocontrol control agents is necessary. Moreover, multifaceted benefits of endophytes made them eco-friendly, and environmentally safe approach. The genetic composition, physiological conditions, and ecology of their host plant have an impact on their dispersion patterns and population diversity. Worldwide, a total of more than 164 fungal endophytes (FEs) have been characterized originating from different tissues, varieties, crop growth stages, and geographical regions of grapevine. These diverse FEs have been used extensively for management of different phytopathogens globally. The FEs produce secondary metabolites, lytic enzymes, and organic compounds which are known to possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The aim of this review was to understand diversity, distribution, host-pathogen-endophyte interaction, role of endophytes in disease management and for enhanced, and quality production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sujoy Saha
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
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2
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Li Y, Hei J, He X, Rui R, Wang S. The Relationship between Endophytic Fungi of Chimonanthus praecox and Volatile Metabolites under Different Circadian Rhythms and Blooming Stages. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:145. [PMID: 38392817 PMCID: PMC10890430 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimonanthus praecox is an aromatic plant that flowers in winter. The composition of the floral volatiles of C. praecox is influenced by different blooming stages, circadian rhythms and species. However, the relationship between floral volatiles and plant endophytic fungi has not received much research attention. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to compare and analyze the changes in the structure and diversity of the endophytic fungal communities in C. praecox under different circadian rhythms (7:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m.) and in different blooming stages (unopened flowers and opened flowers). The endophytic fungi of C. praecox consisted of nine phyla, 34 classes, 79 orders, 181 families, 293 genera, and 397 species, and Ascomycota was the dominant phylum. Under a diurnal rhythm, the diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indices) of endophytic fungi gradually decreased in the unopened flowers, while an increasing and then decreasing trend was found for the opened flowers. In the different blooming stages, the endophytic fungal diversity was significantly higher at 7:00 a.m. in the unopened flowers compared to the opened flowers. Humidity was the key factors that significantly affected the endophytic fungal diversity and community. Moreover, 11 endophytic fungi were significantly positively or negatively correlated with seven floral volatiles. In conclusion, the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi in C. praecox were affected by the different blooming stages and circadian rhythms, and a correlation effect related to floral volatiles was found, but there are other possible reasons that were not tested. This study provides a theoretical basis for elucidating the interrelationships between endophytic fungi, floral volatiles, and environmental factors in C. praecox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Underforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jingying Hei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountainous Area, Kunming International Research and Development Center of Ecological Forestry Industry, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountainous Area, Kunming International Research and Development Center of Ecological Forestry Industry, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Rui Rui
- Key Laboratory of Underforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountainous Area, Kunming International Research and Development Center of Ecological Forestry Industry, Kunming 650233, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Underforest Resource Protection and Utilization in Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in Southwest Mountainous Area, Kunming International Research and Development Center of Ecological Forestry Industry, Kunming 650233, China
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Maggini V, Bettini PP, Fani R, Firenzuoli F, Bogani P. Echinacea purpurea microbiota: bacterial-fungal interactions and the interplay with host and non-host plant species in vitro dual culture. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:246-256. [PMID: 36445167 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Important evidence is reported on the antimicrobial and antagonistic properties of bacterial endophytes in Echinacea purpurea and their role in the modulation of plant synthesis of bioactive compounds. Here, endophytic fungi were isolated from E. purpurea, and the dual culture approach was applied to deepen insights into the complex plant-microbiome interaction network. In vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the species specificity of the interaction between host (E. purpurea) and non-host (E. angustifolia and Nicotiana tabacum) plant tissues and bacterial or fungal endophytes isolated from living E. purpurea plants to test interactions between fungal and bacterial endophytes. A higher tropism towards plant tissue and growth was observed for both fungal and bacterial isolates compared to controls without plant tissue. The growth of all fungi was significantly inhibited by several bacterial strains that, in turn, were scarcely affected by the presence of fungi. Finally, E. purpurea endophytic bacteria were able to inhibit mycelial growth of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea. Bacteria and fungi living in symbiosis with wild Echinacea plants interact with each other and could represent a potential source of bioactive compounds and a biocontrol tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maggini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P P Bettini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - F Firenzuoli
- CERFIT, Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - P Bogani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Qu JZ, Liu F, Pan XX, Liao CM, Li T, Zhang HB, Yang MZ. Coordinative Changes in Metabolites in Grape Cells Exposed to Endophytic Fungi and Their Extracts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175566. [PMID: 36080331 PMCID: PMC9458220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes and their elicitors can all be utilized in regulating crop biochemical qualities. However, living endophytes and their derived elicitors are always applied separately; little is known about the similarities and differences of their effects. To increase the efficiency of this system when applied in practice, the present work profiled simultaneously the metabolomes in grape cells exposed to endophytic fungi (EF) and their corresponding fungal extracts (CFE). As expected, grape cells exposed separately to different fungi, or to different fungi derived extracts, each exhibited different modifications of metabolite patterns. The metabolic profiles of certain EF- and CFE-exposed grape cells were also differently influenced to certain degrees, owing to the presence of differentially responding metabolites (DRMs). However, the detected majority proportions of coordinately responding metabolites (CRMs) in both the EF- and the CFE-exposed grape cells, as well as the significantly influenced metabolites (SIMs) which are specific to certain fungal strains, clearly indicate coordinative changes in metabolites in grape cells exposed to EF and CFEs. The coordinative changes in metabolites in EF- and CFE-treated grape cells appeared to be fungal strain-dependent. Notably, several of those fungal strain-specific CRMs and DRMs are metabolites and belong to amino acids, lipids, organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and others, which are major contributors to the biochemistry and sensory qualities of grapes and wines. This research clarifies the detailed responses of metabolites in grape cells exposed to EF and CFEs. It also demonstrates how endophytes can be selectively used in the form of extracts to produce functions as CRMs of the living fungus with increased eco-safety, or separately applied to the living microbes or elicitors to emphasize those effects related to their specifically initiated SIMs and DRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhuo Qu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liao
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Han-Bo Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
- Correspondence:
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Suman A, Govindasamy V, Ramakrishnan B, Aswini K, SaiPrasad J, Sharma P, Pathak D, Annapurna K. Microbial Community and Function-Based Synthetic Bioinoculants: A Perspective for Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:805498. [PMID: 35360654 PMCID: PMC8963471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.805498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions among the plant microbiome and its host are dynamic, both spatially and temporally, leading to beneficial or pathogenic relationships in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere. These interactions range from cellular to molecular and genomic levels, exemplified by many complementing and coevolutionary relationships. The host plants acquire many metabolic and developmental traits such as alteration in their exudation pattern, acquisition of systemic tolerance, and coordination of signaling metabolites to interact with the microbial partners including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses. The microbiome responds by gaining or losing its traits to various molecular signals from the host plants and the environment. Such adaptive traits in the host and microbial partners make way for their coexistence, living together on, around, or inside the plants. The beneficial plant microbiome interactions have been exploited using traditional culturable approaches by isolating microbes with target functions, clearly contributing toward the host plants' growth, fitness, and stress resilience. The new knowledge gained on the unculturable members of the plant microbiome using metagenome research has clearly indicated the predominance of particular phyla/genera with presumptive functions. Practically, the culturable approach gives beneficial microbes in hand for direct use, whereas the unculturable approach gives the perfect theoretical information about the taxonomy and metabolic potential of well-colonized major microbial groups associated with the plants. To capitalize on such beneficial, endemic, and functionally diverse microbiome, the strategic approach of concomitant use of culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques would help in designing novel "biologicals" for various crops. The designed biologicals (or bioinoculants) should ensure the community's persistence due to their genomic and functional abilities. Here, we discuss the current paradigm on plant-microbiome-induced adaptive functions for the host and the strategies for synthesizing novel bioinoculants based on functions or phylum predominance of microbial communities using culturable and unculturable approaches. The effective crop-specific inclusive microbial community bioinoculants may lead to reduction in the cost of cultivation and improvement in soil and plant health for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Suman
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
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Aleynova OA, Nityagovsky NN, Suprun AR, Kiselev KV. Enhancement of Stilbene Biosynthesis in Grape-Cell Cultures by Natural Products Based on Endophytes of the Wild Grape Species Vitis amurensis RUPR. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zahid MS, Li D, Javed HU, Sabir IA, Wang L, Jiu S, Song S, Ma C, Wang D, Zhang C, Zhou X, Xu W, Wang S. Comparative fungal diversity and dynamics in plant compartments at different developmental stages under root-zone restricted grapevines. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 34784893 PMCID: PMC8594160 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02376-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The root-zone restriction cultivation technique is used to achieve superior fruit quality at the cost of limited vegetative and enhanced reproductive development of grapevines. Fungal interactions and diversity in grapevines are well established; however, our knowledge about fungal diversity under the root-zone restriction technique is still unexplored. To provide insights into the role of mycobiota in the regulation of growth and fruit quality of grapevine under root-zone restriction, DNA from rhizosphere and plant compartments, including white roots (new roots), leaves, flowers, and berries of root-zone restricted (treatment) and conventionally grown plants (control), was extracted at three growth stages (full bloom, veraison, and maturity). RESULTS Diversity analysis based on the ITS1 region was performed using QIIME2. We observed that the root-zone restriction technique primarily affected the fungal communities of the soil and plant compartments at different growth stages. Interestingly, Fusarium, Ilyonectria, Cladosporium and Aspergillus spp observed in the rhizosphere overlapped with the phyllosphere at all phenological stages, having distinctive abundance in grapevine habitats. Peak richness and diversity were observed in the rhizosphere at the full bloom stage of control plants, white roots at the veraison stage of treatment, leaves at the maturity stage of treatment, flowers at the full bloom stage and berries at the veraison stage of control plants. Except for white roots, the diversity of soil and plant compartments of treated plants tended to increase until maturity. At the maturity stage of the treated and control plants, the abundance of Aspergillus spp. was 25.99 and 29.48%, respectively. Moreover, the total soluble sugar content of berries was 19.03 obrix and 16 obrix in treated and control plants, respectively, at the maturity stage. CONCLUSIONS This is the first elucidative study targeting the fungal diversity of conventional and root-restricted cultivation techniques in a single vineyard. Species richness and diversity are affected by stressful cultivation known as root zone restriction. There is an association between the abundance of Aspergillus spp. and fruit quality because despite causing stress to the grapevine, superior quality of fruit is retrieved in root-zone restricted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Zahid
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Hafiz Umer Javed
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Irfan Ali Sabir
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Songtao Jiu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shiren Song
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Caixi Zhang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
| | - Shiping Wang
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 China
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Zhao G, Liu J, Xie Y, Li Y, Gu H, Zou C. Endophytic Fungal Community of Tobacco Leaves and Their Potential Role in the Formation of "Cherry-Red" Tobacco. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:658116. [PMID: 34335492 PMCID: PMC8323715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Cherry-red" tobacco is the superior variant of tobacco, appearing with the apperance of red dapples on cured leaves due to the demethylation of nicotine to nornicotine during maturation and curing. Fungi are known to have the capacity to convert nicotine to nornicotine. However, an endophytic fungal community of "cherry-red" tobacco has never been reported to our best knowledge. Here, we sampled mature leaves from both "cherry-red" and ordinary tobacco at lower, center, and upper plant sections, and we analyzed the ITS diversity using high-throughput sequencing. Results revealed a significantly different fungal community of foliar endophyte in "cherry-red" and ordinary tobacco. In comparison to the ordinary control, higher diversity and a co-occurrence network complex were found in "cherry-red" samples, especially in the center and upper leaves, where the red dapples mainly emerged. More taxa were enriched in the "cherry-red" than ordinary tobacco leaves at all plant sections. In particular, Aspergillus, some strains of which are reported capable of converting nicotine to nornicotine, was specifically enriched in upper "cherry-red" tobacco leaves, which showed most red dapples after curing. A less robust network structure was detected in the "cherry-red" tobacco compared to ordinary tobacco. The nearest taxon index (NTI) and β NTI indicated that the local community structuration of tobacco endophytic fungi mainly driven by deterministic process, while the community turnover among plant sections was stochastic. In conclusion, our study provides the earliest information of endophytic fungal community in "cherry-red" tobacco leaf, and the community diversity, composition, and network features are synchronously varied with the appearance of red dapples, which is suggestive of their relationship to the formation of "cherry-red" tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglei Jiang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Gaokun Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiahong Liu
- Qujing Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Qujing, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Qujing Branch, Yunnan Tobacco Company, Qujing, China
| | - Yong Li
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huaguo Gu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Congming Zou
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
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Yang YC, Li K, Liu CX, Cheng F, Liu C, Quan WJ, Xue YH, Zou K, Liu SP. Sanxiapeptin, a linear pentapeptide from Penicillium oxalicum, inhibited the growth of citrus green mold. Food Chem 2021; 366:130541. [PMID: 34273855 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum has been used as a biocontrol fungus in agriculture for many years, but the antimicrobial substances are still uncertain. Herein, we isolated a linear peptide named Sanxiapeptin in the culture broth of Penicillium oxalicum SG-4 collecting from the Three Gorges riparian zone. Sanxiapeptin exhibited potent inhibitory effect on citrus green mold Penicillium digitatum, the main fungi responsible for postharvest decay. Sanxiapeptin was elucidated as composing of five amino acids, which were β-amino-α-methoxybutyric acid (Amoba), N-Me-l-Thr, d-Thr, N-Me-l-Val and l-Ser. By analyzing three chemically synthesized oligopeptides with similar structures, we found that the first amino acid of Amoba was crucial to the antifungal activity, as was the methylation of peptide bond. Sanxiapeptin may act as an antimicrobial agent by affecting the function of cell membranes or walls. The antimicrobial spectrum, safety and stability analysis supported that Sanxiapeptin was a promising antifungal agent for citrus preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Cheng-Xiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Wen-Jing Quan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yan-Hong Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Shi-Ping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Aleynova OA, Suprun AR, Nityagovsky NN, Dubrovina AS, Kiselev KV. The Influence of the Grapevine Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Accumulation and Stilbene Production by the In Vitro Cultivated Cells of Vitis amurensis Rupr. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071276. [PMID: 34201750 PMCID: PMC8309151 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant endophytes are known to alter the profile of secondary metabolites in plant hosts. In this study, we identified the main bacterial and fungal representatives of the wild grape Vitis amurensis Rupr. microbiome and investigated a cocultivation effect of the 14 endophytes and the V. amurensis cell suspension on biomass accumulation and stilbene biosynthesis. The cocultivation of the V. amurensis cell culture with the bacteria Agrobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., and Curtobacterium sp. for 2 weeks did not significantly affect the accumulation of cell culture fresh biomass. However, it was significantly inhibited by the bacteria Erwinia sp., Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Xanthomonas sp. and fungi Alternaria sp., Biscogniauxia sp., Cladosporium sp., Didymella sp. 2, and Fusarium sp. Cocultivation of the grapevine cell suspension with the fungi Didymella sp. 1 and Trichoderma sp. resulted in cell death. The addition of endophytic bacteria increased the total stilbene content by 2.2–5.3 times, while the addition of endophytic fungi was more effective in inducing stilbene accumulation by 2.6–16.3 times. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic fungi was 13.63 and 13.76 mg/g of the cell dry weight (DW) after cultivation with Biscogniauxia sp. and Didymella sp. 2, respectively. The highest content of stilbenes in the grapevine cells cocultured with endophytic bacteria was 4.49 mg/g DW after cultivation with Xanthomonas sp. The increase in stilbene production was due to a significant activation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and stilbene synthase (STS) gene expression. We also analyzed the sensitivity of the selected endophytes to eight antibiotics, fluconazole, and trans-resveratrol. The endophytic bacteria were sensitive to gentamicin and kanamycin, while all selected fungal strains were resistant to fluconazole with the exception of Cladosporium sp. All endophytes were tolerant of trans-resveratrol. This study showed that grape endophytes stimulate the production of stilbenes in grape cell suspension, which could further contribute to the generation of a new stimulator of stilbene biosynthesis in grapevine or grape cell cultures.
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HPTLC-Based Chemical Profiling: An Approach to Monitor Plant Metabolic Expansion Caused by Fungal Endophytes. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030174. [PMID: 33802951 PMCID: PMC8002819 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes isolated from two latex bearing species were chosen as models to show their potential to expand their host plant chemical diversity. Thirty-three strains were isolated from Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae) and Euphorbia myrsinites (Euphorbiaceae). High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to metabolically profile samples. The selected strains were well clustered in three major groups by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of the HPTLC data, and the chemical profiles were strongly correlated with the strains' colony size. This correlation was confirmed by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) modeling using colony size as "Y" variable. Based on the multivariate data analysis of the HPTLC data, the fastest growing strains of each cluster were selected and used for subsequent experiments: co-culturing to investigate interactions between endophytes-phytopathogens, and biotransformation of plant metabolites by endophytes. The strains exhibited a high capacity to fight against fungal pathogens. Moreover, there was an increase in the antifungal activity after being fed with host-plant metabolites. These results suggest that endophytes play a role in plant defense mechanisms either directly or by biotransformation/induction of metabolites. Regarding HPTLC-based metabolomics, it has proved to be a robust approach to monitor the interactions among fungal endophytes, the host plant and potential phytopathogens.
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Chen XL, Sun MC, Chong SL, Si JP, Wu LS. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Approaches Deepen Our Knowledge of Plant-Endophyte Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700200. [PMID: 35154169 PMCID: PMC8828500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In natural systems, plant-symbiont-pathogen interactions play important roles in mitigating abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. Symbionts have their own special recognition ways, but they may share some similar characteristics with pathogens based on studies of model microbes and plants. Multi-omics technologies could be applied to study plant-microbe interactions, especially plant-endophyte interactions. Endophytes are naturally occurring microbes that inhabit plants, but do not cause apparent symptoms in them, and arise as an advantageous source of novel metabolites, agriculturally important promoters, and stress resisters in their host plants. Although biochemical, physiological, and molecular investigations have demonstrated that endophytes confer benefits to their hosts, especially in terms of promoting plant growth, increasing metabolic capabilities, and enhancing stress resistance, plant-endophyte interactions consist of complex mechanisms between the two symbionts. Further knowledge of these mechanisms may be gained by adopting a multi-omics approach. The involved interaction, which can range from colonization to protection against adverse conditions, has been investigated by transcriptomics and metabolomics. This review aims to provide effective means and ways of applying multi-omics studies to solve the current problems in the characterization of plant-microbe interactions, involving recognition and colonization. The obtained results should be useful for identifying the key determinants in such interactions and would also provide a timely theoretical and material basis for the study of interaction mechanisms and their applications.
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Pan XX, Yuan MQ, Xiang SY, Ma YM, Zhou M, Zhu YY, Yang MZ. The symbioses of endophytic fungi shaped the metabolic profiles in grape leaves of different varieties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238734. [PMID: 32915849 PMCID: PMC7485881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi produce many novel bioactive metabolites that are directly used as drugs or that function as the precursor structures of other chemicals. The metabolic shaping of endophytes on grape cells was reported previously. However, there are no reports on the interactions and metabolic impact of endophyte symbiosis on in vitro vine leaves, which may be examined under well-controlled conditions that are more representative of the natural situation of endophytes within grapevines. The present study used an in vitro leaf method to establish endophyte symbiosis of grapevines and analyze the effects on the metabolic profiles of grape leaves from two different cultivars, 'Rose honey' (RH) and 'Cabernet sauvignon' (CS). The effects of endophytic fungi on the metabolic profiles of grape leaves exhibited host selectivity and fungal strain specificity. Most of the endophytic fungal strains introduced novel metabolites into the two varieties of grape leaves according to the contents of the detected metabolites and composition of metabolites. Strains RH49 and MDR36, with high or moderate symbiosis rates, triggered an increased response in terms of the detected metabolites, and the strains MDR1 and MDR33 suppressed the detected metabolites in CS and RH leaves despite having strong or moderate symbiosis ability. However, the strain RH12 significantly induced the production of novel metabolites in RH leaves due to its high symbiosis ability and suppression of metabolites in CS leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Pan
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan MinZu University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Quan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Si-Yu Xiang
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yin-Min Ma
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - You-Yong Zhu
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Agronomy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Abstract
Plant fungal endophytes are diverse microbial sources that reside inside plants. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are rich in polyphenols that have beneficial health effects, and recent research has shown that fungal endophytes in grapes may contribute to the production of these polyphenols and may serve as biocontrol agents. In this study, we determined the fungal microbial endophyte diversity in North American table grapes found at a Winnipeg, Manitoba, market. The amplicon internal transcribed spacer (ITS) metagenomics approach was used to profile the fungal communities of the fruit endophyte microbiome of three table grape types. The data supported endophyte diversity in different table grapes, including possible bioactive, saprophytic, and pathogenic fungi. Culturable endophytes were isolated and identified by morphology and ITS amplicon sequencing. The majority of the isolated culturable strains included Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. The results provided evidence of the existence of diverse fungal endophytes isolated and identified from the fruit of the table grapes. These fungal endophytes may have potential in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Champa Wijekoon
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden, MB T1J 4B1, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Zoe Quill
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Stimulation of secondary metabolite production in Hypoxylon anthochroum by naturally occurring epigenetic modifiers. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yadav AN, Singh J, Rastegari AA, Yadav N. Phyllospheric Microbiomes: Diversity, Ecological Significance, and Biotechnological Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123684 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38453-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and community development on the leaf surface are based on the physiochemistry, environment, and also the immunity of the host plant. A colonization process is an important event where both the microbe and the host plant have been benefited. Microbes commonly established either epiphytic or endophytic mode of life cycle on phyllosphere environment, which helps the host plant and functional communication with the surrounding environment. To the scientific advancement, several molecular techniques like metagenomics and metaproteomics have been used to study and understand the physiology and functional relationship of microbes to the host and its environment. Based on the available information, this chapter describes the basic understanding of microbiome in leaf structure and physiology, microbial interactions, especially bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, and their adaptation in the phyllosphere environment. Further, the detailed information related to the importance of the microbiome in phyllosphere to the host plant and their environment has been analyzed. Besides, biopotentials of the phyllosphere microbiome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab India
| | | | - Neelam Yadav
- Gopi Nath PG College, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh India
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Pacifico D, Squartini A, Crucitti D, Barizza E, Lo Schiavo F, Muresu R, Carimi F, Zottini M. The Role of the Endophytic Microbiome in the Grapevine Response to Environmental Triggers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1256. [PMID: 31649712 PMCID: PMC6794716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Endophytism within Vitis represents a topic of critical relevance due to the multiple standpoints from which it can be approached and considered. From the biological and botanical perspectives, the interaction between microorganisms and perennial woody plants falls within the category of stable relationships from which the plants can benefit in multiple ways. The life cycle of the host ensures persistence in all seasons, repeated chances of contact, and consequent microbiota accumulation over time, leading to potentially high diversity compared with that of herbaceous short-lived plants. Furthermore, grapevines are agriculturally exploited, highly selected germplasms where a profound man-driven footprint has indirectly and unconsciously shaped the inner microbiota through centuries of cultivation and breeding. Moreover, since endophyte metabolism can contribute to that of the plant host and its fruits' biochemical composition, the nature of grapevine endophytic taxa identities, ecological attitudes, potential toxicity, and clinical relevance are aspects worthy of a thorough investigation. Can endophytic taxa efficiently defend grapevines by acting against pests or confer enough fitness to the plants to endure attacks? What are the underlying mechanisms that translate into this or other advantages in the hosting plant? Can endophytes partially redirect plant metabolism, and to what extent do they act by releasing active products? Is the inner microbial colonization necessary priming for a cascade of actions? Are there defined environmental conditions that can trigger the unleashing of key microbial phenotypes? What is the environmental role in providing the ground biodiversity by which the plant can recruit microsymbionts? How much and by what practices and strategies can these symbioses be managed, applied, and directed to achieve the goal of a better sustainable viticulture? By thoroughly reviewing the available literature in the field and critically examining the data and perspectives, the above issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pacifico
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Dalila Crucitti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Rosella Muresu
- Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment (ISPAAM), National Research Council (CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Carimi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Corso Calatafimi, Palermo, Italy
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Maggini V, Mengoni A, Gallo ER, Biffi S, Fani R, Firenzuoli F, Bogani P. Tissue specificity and differential effects on in vitro plant growth of single bacterial endophytes isolated from the roots, leaves and rhizospheric soil of Echinacea purpurea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:284. [PMID: 31253081 PMCID: PMC6598257 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinacea-endophyte interaction might affect plant secondary metabolites content and influence bacterial colonization specificity and plant growth, but the underlying mechanisms need deepening. An in vitro model, in which E. purpurea axenic plants as host species and E. angustifolia and Nicotiana tabacum as non-host species inoculated with single endophytes isolated from stem/leaf, root and rhizospheric soil, were used to investigate bacterial colonization. RESULTS Colonization analysis showed that bacteria tended to reach tissues from which they were originally isolated (tissue-specificity) in host plants but not in non-host ones (species-specificity). Primary root elongation inhibition as well as the promotion of the growth of E. purpurea and E. angustifolia plants were observed and related to endophyte-produced indole-3-Acetic Acid. Bacteria-secreted substances affected plant physiology probably interacting with plant regulators. Plant metabolites played an important role in controlling the endophyte growth. CONCLUSIONS The proposed in vitro infection model could be, generally used to identify novel bioactive compounds and/or to select specific endophytes contributing to the host metabolism properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Maggini
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Genetics, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Genetics, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Eugenia Rosaria Gallo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Genetics, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Fabio Firenzuoli
- Research and Innovation Center in Phytotherapy and Integrated Medicine - CERFIT Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bogani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Genetics, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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Kong Z, Hart M, Liu H. Paving the Way From the Lab to the Field: Using Synthetic Microbial Consortia to Produce High-Quality Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1467. [PMID: 30344529 PMCID: PMC6182091 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Kong
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, School of Life Science, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Miranda Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevision, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Hongguang Liu
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