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Tran HTQ, Ho TH, Nan FH, Liu CH, Hu YF, Chong CM, de Cruz CR, Karim M, Liu TJ, Kuo IP, Lee PT. Assessment of fish protein hydrolysate as a substitute for fish meal in white shrimp diets: Impact on growth, immune response, and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109597. [PMID: 38697373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fish protein hydrolysate derived from barramundi on growth performance, muscle composition, immune response, disease resistance, histology and gene expression in white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). In vitro studies demonstrated FPH enhanced mRNA expressions of key immune-related genes and stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phagocytic activity in shrimp hemocytes. To evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with FPH in vivo, four isoproteic (43 %), isolipidic (6 %), and isoenergetic diets (489 kcal/100 g) were formulated with fish meal substitution levels of 0 % (control), 30 % (FPH30), 65 % (FPH65), and 100 % (FPH100). After 8-week feeding, the growth performance of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly lower than that of control and FPH30 (p < 0.05). Similarly, the midgut histological examination revealed the wall thickness and villi height of FPH100 were significantly lower than those of control (p < 0.05). The shrimps were received the challenge of AHPND + Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 and 8. All FPH-fed groups significantly enhanced resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus at week 4 (p < 0.05). However, this protective effect diminished after long-period feeding. No significant difference of survival rate was observed among all groups at week 8 (p > 0.05). The expressions of immune-related genes were analyzed at week 4 before and after challenge. In control group, V. parahaemolyticus significantly elevated SOD in hepatopancreas and Muc 19, trypsin, Midline-fas, and GPx in foregut (p < 0.05). Moreover, hepatopancreatic SOD of FPH65 and FPH100 were significantly higher than that of control before challenge (p < 0.05). Immune parameters were measured at week 8. Compared with control, the phagocytic index of FPH 30 was significantly higher (p < 0.05). However, dietary FPH did not alter ROS production, phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic rate, and total hemocyte count (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that FPH30 holds promise as a feed without adverse impacts on growth performance while enhancing the immunological response of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Fang Hu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Chou Min Chong
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Clement R de Cruz
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Murni Karim
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Ting-Jui Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - I-Pei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan; Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center Chupei Station, Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
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Liu H, Xie R, Huang W, Yang Y, Zhou M, Lu B, Li B, Tan B, Dong X. Effects of Dietary Aflatoxin B1 on Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) Growth, Intestinal Health, and Muscle Quality. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:3920254. [PMID: 38415272 PMCID: PMC10898949 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3920254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the growth, intestinal health, and muscle quality of hybrid grouper. Four diets with varying AFB1 concentrations (0, 30, 445, and 2,230 μg kg-1) were used. Elevating AFB1 concentrations led to a decline in growth indexes, specifically the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate, although the survival rate remained unchanged. Morphological indicators showed a dose-dependent decline with AFB1 exposure. Intestinal MDA content and hindgut reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, while antioxidant indexes and digestive enzymes decreased with higher AFB1 levels. AFB1 negatively influenced hindgut tight junction protein and antioxidant-related gene expression while promoting inflammation-related gene expression. The presence of AFB1 in the experiment led to a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as Prevotella, and an increase in harmful intestinal bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group. Muscle lipid and unsaturated fatty acid content significantly decreased, while muscle protein and liver AFB1 content increased dramatically with higher AFB1 concentrations. AFB1 caused myofibrillar cleavage and myofilament damage, leading to increased spaces between muscle fibers. In conclusion, diets with AFB1 levels exceeding 30 μg kg-1 inhibited hybrid grouper growth, while levels surpassing 445 μg kg-1 resulted in hindgut ROS accumulation, inflammation, elevated intestinal permeability, reduced digestive enzyme activity, and compromised muscle quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ruitao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524000, China
- Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Baiquan Lu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Biao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang 524000, China
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Zaineldin AI, Elsebaey E, Habotta OA, Abdo WS, Basuini MFE, Dawood MAO. Mitigating Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Growth Impairment and Hepatic Stress in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Comparative Efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Silicate-Based Detoxifiers. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-023-10210-2. [PMID: 38175392 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to detect the effects of acute aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the effectiveness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and silicate in reducing these effects. Two hundred and forty Nile tilapia fingerlings (16 ± 0.5 g) were randomly assigned to four experimental groups, each with 60 fish and three replicates. Control basal diet (Diet 1) and three test diets were formulated, where Diet 2 was supplemented with 200 ppb AFB1. Diets 3 and 4 were intoxicated with AFB1 (200 ppb) and supplemented with 0.5% S. cerevisiae or 0.5%, respectively. After 60 days, Diet 1 had considerably greater growth characteristics than the other groups (p < 0.05). Diet 2 revealed a reduced (p < 0.05) survival rate after 1 month of exposure. In addition, Diet 1 showed higher (p < 0.05) total protein and albumin levels than Diets 3 and 4. AFB1 residues were detected in the liver in fish-fed Diet 2, Diet 4, and Diet 3. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea levels increased (p < 0.05) in fish-fed Diet 2. The glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, and catalase activity were decreased (p < 0.05) in the fish-fed Diet 2. The malondialdehyde level was significantly higher in fish given Diet 2 (p < 0.05) than in fish-fed Diets 3 and 4. Histopathological investigation of fish-fed Diet 2 revealed impaired liver and spleen; however, both treatments (Diets 3 and 4) successfully lowered inflammation and preserved liver and spleen integrities. In conclusion, AFB1 impaired growth performance and posed a severe health risk to Nile tilapia. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae alleviated the contamination of AFB1 effects more efficiently than silicate employed for toxin adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr I Zaineldin
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Ehab Elsebaey
- Agriculture Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI-DOKI), Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ola A Habotta
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walied S Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed F El Basuini
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- King Salman International University, El Tor, South Sinai, Nuweiba, 46618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- The Centre for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang SY, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Shi XC, Chen X, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Occurrence of aflatoxins in water and decontamination strategies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119703. [PMID: 36758357 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic metabolites produced by some Aspergillus species and are the most prevalent mycotoxins. Although aflatoxins are commonly synthesized during fungal colonization in preharvest maize, cereals, and nuts, they can be transported by rainfall to surface water and are a common toxin found in wastewater from some food industries. Here, the occurrence of aflatoxins in bodies of water is reviewed for the first time, along with the decontamination methods. Aflatoxins have been detected in surface, wastewater and drinking water, including tap and bottled water. The specific sources of water contamination remain unclear, which is an important gap that must be addressed in future research. Two main kinds of decontamination methods have been reported, including degradation and adsorption. The best degradation rates were observed using gamma and UV irradiations, oxidoreductases and ozone, while the best adsorption abilities were observed with minerals, polyvinyl alcohol, durian peel and activated carbon. Synthetic polymers could be used as membranes in pipes to remove aflatoxins in water flows. Although most decontamination methods were screened using AFB1, the other commonly found aflatoxins were not used in the screenings. Overall, the occurrence of aflatoxins in water could be a significant emerging public health concern largely ignored by local and international legislation. Numerous advances have been reported for the decontamination of aflatoxins in water; however, there is still a long way to go to put them into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | | | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China.
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Liu X, Singh R, Li M, Li G, Min R, Marques C, Zhang B, Kumar S. Plasmonic sensor based on offset-splicing and waist-expanded taper using multicore fiber for detection of Aflatoxins B1 in critical sectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:4783-4802. [PMID: 36785437 DOI: 10.1364/oe.479870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, authors have developed a portable, sensitive, and quick-response fiber optic sensor that is capable of detection of Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) quantitatively and qualitatively. Using multi-mode fiber (MMF) and multi-core fiber (MCF), the MMF-MCF-MCF-MMF fiber structure based on symmetric transverse offset splicing and waist-expanded taper is fabricated. The evanescent waves are enhanced to form a strong evanescent field by etching the fiber surface with hydrofluoric acid. To successfully excite the localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon, gold nanoparticles are deposited on the optical fiber probe's surface. Further, to modify the fiber optic probes, Niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) MXene and AFB1 antibodies are functionalized. Nb2CTx MXene is employed to strengthen the biocompatibility of the sensor and increase the specific surface area of the fiber probe, while AFB1 antibody is used to identify AFB1 micro-biomolecules in a specific manner. The reproducibility, reusability, stability, and selectivity of the proposed fiber probe are tested and validated using various concentration of AFB1 solutions. Finally, the linear range, sensitivity, and limit of detection of the sensing probe are determined as 0 - 1000 nM, 11.7 nm/µM, and 26.41 nM, respectively. The sensor offers an indispensable technique, low-cost solution and portability for AFB1-specific detection in agricultural products and their byproducts with its novel optical fiber structure and superior detecting capability. It is also useful for marine species like fish and consequently affecting health of human body.
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The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Tumor-Related Genes and Phenotypic Characters of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911856. [PMID: 36233156 PMCID: PMC9570345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal toxin aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and its reactive intermediate, aflatoxin B1-8, 9 epoxide, could cause liver cancer by inducing DNA adducts. AB1 exposure can induce changes in the expression of several cancer-related genes. In this study, the effect of AB1 exposure on breast cancer MCF7 and normal breast MCF10A cell lines at the phenotypic and epigenetic levels was investigated to evaluate its potential in increasing the risk of breast cancer development. We hypothesized that, even at low concentrations, AB1 can cause changes in the expression of important genes involved in four pathways, i.e., p53, cancer, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The transcriptomic levels of BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, HER1, HER2, cMyc, BCL2, MCL1, CCND1, WNT3A, MAPK1, MAPK3, DAPK1, Casp8, and Casp9 were determined in MCF7 and MCF10A cells. Our results illustrate that treating both cells with AB1 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis with reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AB1 reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Phenotypically, AB1 caused cell-cycle arrest at G1, hypertrophy, and increased cell migration rates. There were changes in the expression levels of several tumor-related genes, which are known to contribute to activating cancer pathways. The effects of AB1 on the phenotype and epigenetics of both MCF7 and MCF10A cells associated with cancer development observed in this study suggest that AB1 is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer.
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de Godoy SHS, Gomes AL, Burbarelli MFDC, Bedoya-Serna CM, Vasquez-Garcia A, Chaguri MP, de Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Aflatoxins in Fish Feed and Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Tissues in Brazil. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2022.2095879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Larissa Gomes
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Maria Bedoya-Serna
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andrea Vasquez-Garcia
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
- Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia – ECBTI/UNAD, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Milena Penteado Chaguri
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luiz Moro de Sousa
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andrezza Maria Fernandes
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Gomes AL, de Godoy SH, de Castro Burbarelli MF, Chaguri MP, de Sousa RL, Fernandes AM. Fish feed mycobiota and aflatoxins in round fish tissues. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1391-1396. [PMID: 34370875 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Round fish is one of the most consumed fish in Brazil. Farmed fish feed is based mainly on grains, which are susceptible to contamination by mold and mycotoxins. Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. are the major mycotoxins producers. The presence of potentially toxigenic fungi in the diet is a concern due to the possibility of cumulative toxins in fish tissues, becoming a risk to food safety. This study aims to assess the mycobiota of fish feed and the occurrence of aflatoxin residues in round fish tissues. Feed and fish samples were collected from fish farming and fish pay properties. Feed was submitted to mold counting and mold identification. The round fish liver and muscle were submitted to the detection and quantification of aflatoxins B1 , B2 , G1 and G2 by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS In evaluated feed, mold counts in the samples ranged from 2.0 to 4.7 log colony forming units g-1 and the major genera found were Penicillium (61.5%) and Aspergillus (34.6). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) was detected in 70% liver samples and 43.3% muscle samples, at levels up to 5.70 and 1.13 μg kg-1 , respectively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that, although the levels were lower than those recommended by Brazilian legislation, round fish are being exposed to diets naturally contaminated by aflatoxins and are susceptible to toxins accumulation in tissues. Therefore, regulations regarding feed should consider limits for mold and aflatoxin contamination in fish edible tissues should be monitored in order to ensure consumers' safety. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gomes
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Silvia Hs de Godoy
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Milena P Chaguri
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lm de Sousa
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Andrezza M Fernandes
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Barany A, Oliva M, Gregório SF, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Dysregulation of Intestinal Physiology by Aflatoxicosis in the Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2022; 12:741192. [PMID: 34987413 PMCID: PMC8722709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often present in food. This study aimed to understand the physiological effects of AFB1 on the seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal system. In a first in vitro approach, we investigated ion transport using the short-circuit current (Isc) technique in Ussing chambers in the anterior intestine (AI). Application of apical/luminal AFB1 concentrations of 8 and 16 μM to healthy tissues was without effect on tissue transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and apparent tissue permeability (Papp) was measured using fluorescein FITC (4 kD). However, it resulted in dose-related effects on Isc. In a second approach, seabream juveniles fed with different AFB1 concentrations (1 and 2 mg AFB1 kg−1 fish feed) for 85 days showed significantly reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase (HA) activities in the posterior intestine (PI). Moreover, dietary AFB1 modified Isc in the AI and PI, significantly affecting TER in the AI. To understand this effect on TER, we analyzed the expression of nine claudins and three occludins as markers of intestinal architecture and permeability using qPCR. Around 80% of the genes presented significantly different relative mRNA expression between AI and PI and had concomitant sensitivity to dietary AFB1. Based on the results of our in vitro, in vivo, and molecular approaches, we conclude that the effects of dietary AFB1 in the gastrointestinal system are at the base of the previously reported growth impairment caused by AFB1 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Filipa Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Michelin E, Bedoya-Serna C, Carrion L, Godoy S, Baldin J, Lima C, Yasui G, Rottinghaus G, Sousa R, Fernandes A. Long-term exposure of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish to dietary aflatoxin B1: residues in tissues and performance. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxins residues on tissues of Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins, also evaluating the effects on fish performance. Aflatoxins were incorporated into the extruded fish feed and the concentrations were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experimental design comprised the following treatments: Control – feed without toxin; Treatment A: feed + 10 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg; Treatment B: feed + 20 μg AFB1/kg and Treatment C: feed + 50 μg AFB1/kg. Pacu juvenile were allocated in tanks with density of one fish per litter. The experiment lasted 180 days with monthly sampling, and approximately ten fish per treatment were used to compose a sample. Biometric surveys were performed every 30 days, including standard weight and length. Aflatoxins were detected and quantified in fish muscle and liver by HPLC, using immunoafinity columns. Results showed AFB1 deposition in the liver throughout the experiment in all treatments, but only treatment C differed significantly (P<0.05) from the others after 150 days, while in muscle there was low residual deposition. Long-term exposed fish had negative influence in weight and length. The higher mortality was observed in treatment C. Although there were AFB1 residues at low levels in liver and only a slight amount in fish muscle, it should be noted that accumulation is possible in the Pacu species. The diets contaminated with AFB1 negatively interfered in weight and length of fish when compared to control. Therefore, it can be concluded that long-term exposure of Pacu to dietary AFB1 can cause losses to producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. Michelin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C.M. Bedoya-Serna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L.C.S. Carrion
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - S.H.S. Godoy
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - J.C. Baldin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C.G. Lima
- Departmento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G.S. Yasui
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio, Rodovia SP-201, km 6.5, 13630-970, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G.E. Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - R.L.M. Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A.M. Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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11
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Michelin EC, Bedoya-Serna CM, Carrion LCS, Levy-Pereira N, Cury FS, Passarelli D, Lima CG, Yasui GS, Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Effects of dietary aflatoxin on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver in Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) and Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver in Matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) and Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) fish chronically exposed to dietary aflatoxins. Fish feed was artificially contaminated with aflatoxins and the treatments were: Control – feed without toxin; Treatment A – feed + 10 μg aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg; Treatment B – feed + 20 μg AFB1/kg; and Treatment C – feed + 50 μg AFB1/kg. Matrinxã and Pacu juvenile fish were placed in tanks for 180 days. Five experimental units per treatment were monthly sampled and submitted to blood collection and removal of hepatic tissue. Thus, twenty blood and liver samples for each species were collected monthly, adding up to 240 samples analysed. To verify biochemical changes, analyses included total proteins, albumin, globulins, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The hepatic tissue was examined microscopically and the slides presenting histopathological changes were photo-documented. There was effect of treatment (P<0.05) for AST and ALP in Matrinxã, while no effect (P>0.05) was observed in Pacu. A reduction (P<0.05) in AST and ALP values during the time of exposure was observed in all treatments for both species. Fatty degeneration and liver damage were observed for both species in treatments exposed to aflatoxins. Fatty degeneration in Pacu was noticed after 30 days of exposure, while in Matrinxã it was observed after 60 days. Disorganisation of the hepatocyte cord arrangement was also observed in those treatments exposed to aflatoxin, following 90 days of exposure in Matrinxã, and after 60 days in Pacu. Therefore, aflatoxins have little influence on biochemical parameters in the species evaluated. However, exposure to aflatoxins caused liver changes, such as cell death, fatty and hydropic degeneration, thus it could be concluded that both species are susceptible to the toxic effects of long-term exposure to dietary AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. C. Michelin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C. M. Bedoya-Serna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L. C. S. Carrion
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - N. Levy-Pereira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - F. S. Cury
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - D. Passarelli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C. G. Lima
- Departmento de Ciências Básicas, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - G. S. Yasui
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade – ICMBio, Rodovia SP-201, km 6.5. 13630-970, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - R. L. M. Sousa
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A. M. Fernandes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo – FZEA/USP, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 225, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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12
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Bernal-Algaba E, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Fernández-Cruz ML. Cytotoxicity of Mycotoxins Frequently Present in Aquafeeds to the Fish Cell Line RTGill-W1. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:581. [PMID: 34437452 PMCID: PMC8402477 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the aquaculture industry has introduced plant-based ingredients as a source of protein in aquafeeds. This has led to mycotoxin contaminations, representing an ecological, health and economic problem. The aim of this study was to determine in the RTgill-W1 fish cell line the toxicity of fifteen mycotoxins of common occurrence in aquafeeds. To identify the most sensitive endpoint of toxicity, the triple assay was used. It consisted of three assays: alamarBlue, Neutral Red Uptake and CFDA-AM, which revealed the mitochondrial activity, the lysosomal integrity and the plasma membrane integrity, respectively. Most of the assayed mycotoxins were toxic predominantly at lysosomal level (enniatins, beauvericin, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated metabolites 15-O-acetyl-DON and 3-acetyl-DON). Aflatoxins B1 and B2 exerted the greatest effects at mitochondrial level, while fumonisins B1 and B2 and nivalenol were not toxic up to 100 µg/mL. In general, low toxicity was observed at plasma membrane level. The vast majority of the mycotoxins assayed exerted a pronounced acute effect in the fish RTgill-W1 cell line, emphasizing the need for further studies to ascertain the impact of mycotoxin contamination of fish feeds in the aquaculture industry and to establish safe limits in aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Luisa Fernández-Cruz
- Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute of Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.B.-A.); (M.P.-A.)
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13
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Kaale L, Kimanya M, Macha I, Mlalila N. Aflatoxin contamination and recommendations to improve its control: a review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin producing fungi cause contamination of food and feed resulting in health hazards and economic loss. It is imperative to develop workable control measures throughout the food chain to prevent and reduce aflatoxin contamination. This is a critical review of contemporary published papers in the field. It is a review of reports from the original aflatoxin researches conducted on foods, from 2015-2020. Most of the reports show high aflatoxin contaminations in food at levels that exceed a regulatory limit of 20 μg/kg and 4 μg/kg set for foods for human consumption in the USA and European Union, respectively. The highest aflatoxin concentration (3,760 μg/kg) was observed in maize. Some of the strategies being deployed in aflatoxin control include application of biocontrol agents, specifically of Aflasafe™, development of resistant crop varieties, and application of other good agricultural practices. We recommend the adoption of emerging technologies such as combined methods technology (CMT) or hurdle technology, one health concept (OHC), improved regulations, on-line monitoring of aflatoxins, and creative art intervention (CAI) to prevent or restrict the growth of target aflatoxin causative fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.D. Kaale
- University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box 35134, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - M.E. Kimanya
- School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - I.J. Macha
- University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - N. Mlalila
- University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM), Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O. Box 35134, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, P.O. Box 2847, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Dey DK, Kang SC. Aflatoxin B1 induces reactive oxygen species-dependent caspase-mediated apoptosis in normal human cells, inhibits Allium cepa root cell division, and triggers inflammatory response in zebrafish larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139704. [PMID: 32512299 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination of food and water is a serious global concern. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a deadly mycotoxin that contaminates both food and water bodies in the environment. AFB1 is reported to cause severe health issues, including hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity in humans; however, the mechanistic effects on plant and aquatic animals are not fully understood. To obtain a clear understanding of the effects of AFB1 on the ecosystem, we examined the influence of AFB1 exposure on different model systems corresponding to various habitats. In the current study, AFB1 contamination consequences were studied on a human normal cell lines (HaCaT, CCD 841 CoN), meristematic Allium cepa (onion) root cells, and zebrafish embryonic development. Our results clearly indicate that concentrations of AFB1 >10 μM are toxic to HaCaT cells. Morphological changes of HaCaT and CCD 841 CoN cells were clearly observed after exposure to AFB1. Particularly in HaCaT cells, treatment with 50 μM and 100 μM AFB1induces oxidative stress by excessive endogenous free-radical production such as ROS and NO generation. These consequences accelerate the ROS-dependent DNA damage events, which subsequently result in caspase mediated programmed cell death. Exposure of A. cepa root cells to AFB1 for 24 h resulted in abnormal cell division. A. cepa root cells subjected to AFB1 treatment showed a significant concentration-dependent increase in metaphase arrest. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to AFB1 also revealed that AFB1 contamination restricts the larval growth and development, resulting in a remarkably increased zebrafish mortality rate. Collectively, results of the current study indicate that AFB1 contamination triggers the programmed cell death machinery, subsequently affecting the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Jillyang, Naeri-ri, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Jillyang, Naeri-ri, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Chen SJ, Gan L, Guo YC, Tian LX, Liu YJ. Changes in growth performance, aflatoxin B1 residues, immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with AFB1-contaminated diets and the regulating effect of dietary myo-inositol supplementation. Food Chem 2020; 324:126888. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Bedoya-Serna CM, Michelin EC, Massocco MM, Carrion LCS, Godoy SHS, Lima CG, Ceccarelli PS, Yasui GS, Rottinghaus GE, Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Correction: Effects of dietary aflatoxin B1 on accumulation and performance in matrinxã fish (Brycon cephalus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216194. [PMID: 31017979 PMCID: PMC6481858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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