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Horst F, Bodenstein E, Brand M, Hans S, Karsch L, Lessmann E, Löck S, Schürer M, Pawelke J, Beyreuther E. Dose and dose rate dependence of the tissue sparing effect at ultra-high dose rate studied for proton and electron beams using the zebrafish embryo model. Radiother Oncol 2024; 194:110197. [PMID: 38447870 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A better characterization of the dependence of the tissue sparing effect at ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) on physical beam parameters (dose, dose rate, radiation quality) would be helpful towards a mechanistic understanding of the FLASH effect and for its broader clinical translation. To address this, a comprehensive study on the normal tissue sparing at UHDR using the zebrafish embryo (ZFE) model was conducted. METHODS One-day-old ZFE were irradiated over a wide dose range (15-95 Gy) in three different beams (proton entrance channel, proton spread out Bragg peak and 30 MeV electrons) at UHDR and reference dose rate. After irradiation the ZFE were incubated for 4 days and then analyzed for four different biological endpoints (pericardial edema, curved spine, embryo length and eye diameter). RESULTS Dose-effect curves were obtained and a sparing effect at UHDR was observed for all three beams. It was demonstrated that proton relative biological effectiveness and UHDR sparing are both relevant to predict the resulting dose response. Dose dependent FLASH modifying factors (FMF) for ZFE were found to be compatible with rodent data from the literature. It was found that the UHDR sparing effect saturates at doses above ∼ 50 Gy with an FMF of ∼ 0.7-0.8. A strong dose rate dependence of the tissue sparing effect in ZFE was observed. The magnitude of the maximum sparing effect was comparable for all studied biological endpoints. CONCLUSION The ZFE model was shown to be a suitable pre-clinical high-throughput model for radiobiological studies on FLASH radiotherapy, providing results comparable to rodent models. This underlines the relevance of ZFE studies for FLASH radiotherapy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Horst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bodenstein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden and Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden and Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lessmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany.
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2
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Metzkes-Ng J, Brack FE, Kroll F, Bernert C, Bock S, Bodenstein E, Brand M, Cowan TE, Gebhardt R, Hans S, Helbig U, Horst F, Jansen J, Kraft SD, Krause M, Leßmann E, Löck S, Pawelke J, Püschel T, Reimold M, Rehwald M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Schürer M, Seco J, Szabó ER, Umlandt MEP, Zeil K, Ziegler T, Beyreuther E. The DRESDEN PLATFORM is a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20611. [PMID: 37996453 PMCID: PMC10667545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed FLASH effect describes the observation of normal tissue protection by ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), or dose delivery in a fraction of a second, at similar tumor-killing efficacy of conventional dose delivery and promises great benefits for radiotherapy patients. Dedicated studies are now necessary to define a robust set of dose application parameters for FLASH radiotherapy and to identify underlying mechanisms. These studies require particle accelerators with variable temporal dose application characteristics for numerous radiation qualities, equipped for preclinical radiobiological research. Here we present the DRESDEN PLATFORM, a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology. By uniting clinical and research accelerators with radiobiology infrastructure and know-how, the DRESDEN PLATFORM offers a unique environment for studying the FLASH effect. We introduce its experimental capabilities and demonstrate the platform's suitability for systematic investigation of FLASH by presenting results from a concerted in vivo radiobiology study with zebrafish embryos. The comparative pre-clinical study was conducted across one electron and two proton accelerator facilities, including an advanced laser-driven proton source applied for FLASH-relevant in vivo irradiations for the first time. The data show a protective effect of UHDR irradiation up to [Formula: see text] and suggests consistency of the protective effect even at escalated dose rates of [Formula: see text]. With the first clinical FLASH studies underway, research facilities like the DRESDEN PLATFORM, addressing the open questions surrounding FLASH, are essential to accelerate FLASH's translation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bodenstein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Horst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mechthild Krause
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Richter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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Ghannam Y, Chiavassa S, Saade G, Koumeir C, Blain G, Delpon G, Evin M, Haddad F, Maigne L, Mouchard Q, Servagent N, Potiron V, Supiot S. First evidence of in vivo effect of FLASH radiotherapy with helium ions in zebrafish embryos. Radiother Oncol 2023; 187:109820. [PMID: 37516363 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The ability to reduce toxicity of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) helium ion irradiation has not been reported in vivo. Here, we tested UHDR helium ion irradiation in an embryonic zebrafish model. Our results show that UHDR helium ions spare body development and reduce spine curvature, compared to conventional dose rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Chiavassa
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Charbel Koumeir
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France; GIP ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Guillaume Blain
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France
| | - Grégory Delpon
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Manon Evin
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France
| | - Ferid Haddad
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France; GIP ARRONAX, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Quentin Mouchard
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France
| | - Noël Servagent
- Laboratoire SUBATECH, UMR 6457 CNRS-IN2P3, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, France
| | - Vincent Potiron
- CNRS, UMR 6286, Nantes Université, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site Saint-Herblain, France.
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- CNRS, UMR 6286, Nantes Université, France; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, site Saint-Herblain, France
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Sunnerberg J, Thomas WS, Petusseau A, Reed MS, Jack Hoopes P, Pogue BW. Review of optical reporters of radiation effects in vivo: tools to quantify improvements in radiation delivery technique. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:080901. [PMID: 37560327 PMCID: PMC10409499 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.8.080901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance Radiation damage studies are used to optimize radiotherapy treatment techniques. Although biological indicators of damage are the best assays of effect, they are highly variable due to biological heterogeneity. The free radical radiochemistry can be assayed with optical reporters, allowing for high precision titration of techniques. Aim We examine the optical reporters of radiochemistry to highlight those with the best potential for translational use in vivo, as surrogates for biological damage assays, to inform on mechanisms. Approach A survey of the radical chemistry effects from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxygen itself was completed to link to DNA or biological damage. Optical reporters of ROS include fluorescent, phosphorescent, and bioluminescent molecules that have a variety of activation pathways, and each was reviewed for its in vivo translation potential. Results There are molecular reporters of ROS having potential to report within living systems, including derivatives of luminol, 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, Amplex Red, and fluorescein. None have unique specificity to singular ROS species. Macromolecular engineered reporters unique to specific ROS are emerging. The ability to directly measure oxygen via reporters, such as Oxyphor and protoporphyrin IX, is an opportunity to quantify the consumption of oxygen during ROS generation, and this translates from in vitro to in vivo use. Emerging techniques, such as ion particle beams, spatial fractionation, and ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy, provide the motivation for these studies. Conclusions In vivo optical reporters of radiochemistry are quantitatively useful for comparing radiotherapy techniques, although their use comes at the cost of the unknown connection to the mechanisms of radiobiological damage. Still their lower measurement uncertainty, compared with biological response assay, makes them an invaluable tool. Linkage to DNA damage and biological damage is needed, and measures such as oxygen consumption serve as useful surrogate measures that translate to in vivo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sunnerberg
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - William S. Thomas
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Arthur Petusseau
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Matthew S. Reed
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - P. Jack Hoopes
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Dartmouth College, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Entezam A, Fielding A, Bradley D, Fontanarosa D. Absorbed dose calculation for a realistic CT-derived mouse phantom irradiated with a standard Cs-137 cell irradiator using a Monte Carlo method. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280765. [PMID: 36730280 PMCID: PMC9928120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) derived Monte Carlo (MC) phantoms allow dose determination within small animal models that is not feasible with in-vivo dosimetry. The aim of this study was to develop a CT-derived MC phantom generated from a mouse with a xenograft tumour that could then be used to calculate both the dose heterogeneity in the tumour volume and out of field scattered dose for pre-clinical small animal irradiation experiments. A BEAMnrc Monte-Carlo model has been built of our irradiation system that comprises a lead collimator with a 1 cm diameter aperture fitted to a Cs-137 gamma irradiator. The MC model of the irradiation system was validated by comparing the calculated dose results with dosimetric film measurement in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom using a 1D gamma-index analysis. Dose distributions in the MC mouse phantom were calculated and visualized on the CT-image data. Dose volume histograms (DVHs) were generated for the tumour and organs at risk (OARs). The effect of the xenographic tumour volume on the scattered out of field dose was also investigated. The defined gamma index analysis criteria were met, indicating that our MC simulation is a valid model for MC mouse phantom dose calculations. MC dose calculations showed a maximum out of field dose to the mouse of 7% of Dmax. Absorbed dose to the tumour varies in the range 60%-100% of Dmax. DVH analysis demonstrated that tumour received an inhomogeneous dose of 12 Gy-20 Gy (for 20 Gy prescribed dose) while out of field doses to all OARs were minimized (1.29 Gy-1.38 Gy). Variation of the xenographic tumour volume exhibited no significant effect on the out of field scattered dose to OARs. The CT derived MC mouse model presented here is a useful tool for tumour dose verifications as well as investigating the doses to normal tissue (in out of field) for preclinical radiobiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Entezam
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew Fielding
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, Sunway University, PJ, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Fontanarosa
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ultrahigh-Dose-Rate Proton Irradiation Elicits Reduced Toxicity in Zebrafish Embryos. Adv Radiat Oncol 2022; 8:101124. [PMID: 36578276 PMCID: PMC9791798 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2022.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recently, ultrahigh-dose-rate radiation therapy (UHDR-RT) has emerged as a promising strategy to increase the benefit/risk ratio of external RT. Extensive work is on the way to characterize the physical and biological parameters that control the so-called "Flash" effect. However, this healthy/tumor differential effect is observable in in vivo models, which thereby drastically limits the amount of work that is achievable in a timely manner. Methods and Materials In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to compare the effect of UHDR irradiation (8-9 kGy/s) to conventional RT dose rate (0.2 Gy/s) with a 68 MeV proton beam. Viability, body length, spine curvature, and pericardial edema were measured 4 days postirradiation. Results We show that body length is significantly greater after UHDR-RT compared with conventional RT by 180 µm at 30 Gy and 90 µm at 40 Gy, while pericardial edema is only reduced at 30 Gy. No differences were obtained in terms of survival or spine curvature. Conclusions Zebrafish embryo length appears as a robust endpoint, and we anticipate that this model will substantially fasten the study of UHDR proton-beam parameters necessary for "Flash."
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Karsch L, Pawelke J, Brand M, Hans S, Hideghéty K, Jansen J, Lessmann E, Löck S, Schürer M, Schurig R, Seco J, Szabó ER, Beyreuther E. Beam pulse structure and dose rate as determinants for the flash effect observed in zebrafish embryo. Radiother Oncol 2022; 173:49-54. [PMID: 35661675 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Continuing recent experiments at the research electron accelerator ELBE at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf the influence of beam pulse structure on the Flash effect was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proton beam pulse structure of an isochronous cyclotron (UHDRiso) and a synchrocyclotron (UHDRsynchro) was mimicked at ELBE by quasi-continuous electron bunches at 13 MHz delivering mean dose rates of 287 Gy/s and 177 Gy/s and bunch dose rates of 106Gy/s and 109 Gy/s, respectively. For UHDRsynchro, 40 ms macro pulses at a frequency of 25 Hz superimposed the bunch delivery. For comparison, a maximum beam intensity (2.5 x 105 Gy/s mean and ∼109 Gy/s bunch dose rate) and a reference irradiation (of ∼8 Gy/min mean dose rate) were applied. Radiation induced changes were assessed in zebrafish embryos over four days post irradiation. RESULTS Relative to the reference a significant protecting Flash effect was observed for all electron beam pulse regimes with less severe damage the higher the mean dose rate of the electron beam. Accordingly, the macro pulsing induced prolongation of treatment time at UHDRsynchro regime reduces the protecting effect compared to the maximum regime delivered at same bunch but higher mean dose rate. The Flash effect of the UHDRiso regime was confirmed at a clinical isochronous cyclotron comparing the damage induced by proton beams delivered at 300 Gy/s and ∼9 Gy/min. CONCLUSION The recent findings indicate that the mean dose rate or treatment time are decisive for the normal tissue protecting Flash effect in zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), and Cluster of Excellence 'Physics of Life', Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary; Oncotherapy Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lessmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Schurig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany.
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8
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Suckert T, Nexhipi S, Dietrich A, Koch R, Kunz-Schughart LA, Bahn E, Beyreuther E. Models for Translational Proton Radiobiology-From Bench to Bedside and Back. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4216. [PMID: 34439370 PMCID: PMC8395028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of proton therapy centers worldwide are increasing steadily, with more than two million cancer patients treated so far. Despite this development, pending questions on proton radiobiology still call for basic and translational preclinical research. Open issues are the on-going discussion on an energy-dependent varying proton RBE (relative biological effectiveness), a better characterization of normal tissue side effects and combination treatments with drugs originally developed for photon therapy. At the same time, novel possibilities arise, such as radioimmunotherapy, and new proton therapy schemata, such as FLASH irradiation and proton mini-beams. The study of those aspects demands for radiobiological models at different stages along the translational chain, allowing the investigation of mechanisms from the molecular level to whole organisms. Focusing on the challenges and specifics of proton research, this review summarizes the different available models, ranging from in vitro systems to animal studies of increasing complexity as well as complementing in silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Suckert
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sindi Nexhipi
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, 01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Dietrich
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Koch
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leoni A. Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.K.); (E.B.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01309 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (S.N.); (A.D.); (L.A.K.-S.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Pucci G, Forte GI, Cavalieri V. Evaluation of Epigenetic and Radiomodifying Effects during Radiotherapy Treatments in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169053. [PMID: 34445758 PMCID: PMC8396651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is still a long way from personalizing cancer treatment plans, and its effectiveness depends on the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. Indeed, therapies that are efficient and successful for some patients may be relatively ineffective for others. Based on this, radiobiological research is focusing on the ability of some reagents to make cancer cells more responsive to ionizing radiation, as well as to protect the surrounding healthy tissues from possible side effects. In this scenario, zebrafish emerged as an effective model system to test for radiation modifiers that can potentially be used for radiotherapeutic purposes in humans. The adoption of this experimental organism is fully justified and supported by the high similarity between fish and humans in both their genome sequences and the effects provoked in them by ionizing radiation. This review aims to provide the literature state of the art of zebrafish in vivo model for radiobiological studies, particularly focusing on the epigenetic and radiomodifying effects produced during fish embryos’ and larvae’s exposure to radiotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pucci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STeBiCeF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Zebrafish Laboratory, Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.I.F.); (V.C.)
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10
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Pawelke J, Brand M, Hans S, Hideghéty K, Karsch L, Lessmann E, Löck S, Schürer M, Szabó ER, Beyreuther E. Electron dose rate and oxygen depletion protect zebrafish embryos from radiation damage. Radiother Oncol 2021; 158:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Wang B, Yasuda H. Relative Biological Effectiveness of High LET Particles on the Reproductive System and Fetal Development. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E298. [PMID: 33233778 PMCID: PMC7699951 DOI: 10.3390/life10110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
During a space mission, astronauts are inevitably exposed to space radiation, mainly composed of the particles having high values of linear energy transfer (LET), such as protons, helium nuclei, and other heavier ions. Those high-LET particles could induce severer health damages than low-LET particles such as photons and electrons. While it is known that the biological effectiveness of a specified type of radiation depends on the distribution of dose in time, type of the cell, and the biological endpoint in respect, there are still large uncertainties regarding the effects of high-LET particles on the reproductive system, gamete, embryo, and fetal development because of the limitation of relevant data from epidemiological and experimental studies. To safely achieve the planned deep space missions to the moon and Mars that would involve young astronauts having reproductive functions, it is crucial to know exactly the relevant radiological effects, such as infertility of the parent and various diseases of the child, and then to conduct proper countermeasures. Thus, in this review, the authors present currently available information regarding the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of high-LET particles on the deterministic effects related to the reproductive system and embryonic/fetal development for further discussions about the safety of being pregnant after or during a long-term interplanetary mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Yasuda
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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12
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Nakajima K, Gao T, Kume K, Iwata H, Hirai S, Omachi C, Tomita J, Ogino H, Naito M, Shibamoto Y. Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as an In Vivo Tool to Study the Biological Effects of Proton Irradiation. Radiat Res 2020; 194:143-152. [PMID: 32845992 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinical superiority of proton therapy over photon therapy has recently gained recognition; however, the biological effects of proton therapy remain poorly understood. The lack of in vivo evidence is especially important. Therefore, the goal of this study was to validate the usefulness of Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative tool in proton radiobiology. To determine whether the comparative biological effects of protons and X rays are detectable in Drosophila, we assessed their influence on survival and mRNA expression. Postirradiation observation revealed that protons inhibited their development and reduced the overall survival rates more effectively than X rays. The relative biological effectiveness of the proton beams compared to the X rays estimated from the 50% lethal doses was 1.31. At 2 or 24 h postirradiation, mRNA expression analysis demonstrated that the expression patterns of several genes (such as DNA-repair-, apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related genes) followed different time courses depending on radiation type. Moreover, our trials suggested that the knockdown of individual genes by the GAL4/UAS system changes the radiosensitivity in a radiation type-specific manner. We confirmed this Drosophila model to be considerably useful to evaluate the findings from in vitro studies in an in vivo system. Furthermore, this model has a potential to elucidate more complex biological mechanisms underlying proton irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nakajima
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - TianXiang Gao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwata
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Chihiro Omachi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Physics, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Tomita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogino
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Rösch TF, Szabó Z, Haffa D, Bin J, Brunner S, Englbrecht FS, Friedl AA, Gao Y, Hartmann J, Hilz P, Kreuzer C, Lindner FH, Ostermayr TM, Polanek R, Speicher M, Szabó ER, Taray D, Tőkés T, Würl M, Parodi K, Hideghéty K, Schreiber J. A feasibility study of zebrafish embryo irradiation with laser-accelerated protons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:063303. [PMID: 32611048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development from single shot basic laser plasma interaction research toward experiments in which repetition rated laser-driven ion sources can be applied requires technological improvements. For example, in the case of radio-biological experiments, irradiation duration and reproducible controlled conditions are important for performing studies with a large number of samples. We present important technological advancements of recent years at the ATLAS 300 laser in Garching near Munich since our last radiation biology experiment. Improvements range from target positioning over proton transport and diagnostics to specimen handling. Exemplarily, we show the current capabilities by performing an application oriented experiment employing the zebrafish embryo model as a living vertebrate organism for laser-driven proton irradiation. The size, intensity, and energy of the laser-driven proton bunches resulted in evaluable partial body changes in the small (<1 mm) embryos, confirming the feasibility of the experimental system. The outcomes of this first study show both the appropriateness of the current capabilities and the required improvements of our laser-driven proton source for in vivo biological experiments, in particular the need for accurate, spatially resolved single bunch dosimetry and image guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Rösch
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Daniel Haffa
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jianhui Bin
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Szilvia Brunner
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Franz S Englbrecht
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter Hilz
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Christian Kreuzer
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Florian H Lindner
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tobias M Ostermayr
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Róbert Polanek
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Martin Speicher
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Emília R Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Derya Taray
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Matthias Würl
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Jörg Schreiber
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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14
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Pisciotta P, Costantino A, Cammarata FP, Torrisi F, Calabrese G, Marchese V, Cirrone GAP, Petringa G, Forte GI, Minafra L, Bravatà V, Gulisano M, Scopelliti F, Tommasino F, Scifoni E, Cuttone G, Ippolito M, Parenti R, Russo G. Evaluation of proton beam radiation-induced skin injury in a murine model using a clinical SOBP. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233258. [PMID: 32442228 PMCID: PMC7244158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the skin deterministic damage due to the effect of proton beam irradiation in mice occurred during a long-term observational experiment. This study was initially defined to evaluate the insurgence of myelopathy irradiating spinal cords with the distal part of a Spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). To the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted highlighting high grades of skin injury at the dose used in this paper. Nevertheless these effects occurred. In this regard, the experimental evidence of significant insurgence of skin injury induced by protons using a SOBP configuration will be shown. Skin damages were classified into six scores (from 0 to 5) according to the severity of the injuries and correlated to ED50 (i.e. the radiation dose at which 50% of animals show a specific score) at 40 days post-irradiation (d.p.i.). The effects of radiation on the overall animal wellbeing have been also monitored and the severity of radiation-induced skin injuries was observed and quantified up to 40 d.p.i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Pisciotta
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (FPC); (RP)
| | - Filippo Torrisi
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Marchese
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Preclinical in vivo Research (CAPiR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Giada Petringa
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
| | - Giusi Irma Forte
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Valentina Bravatà
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Systems Biology, Drug Science Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Center (IMPRonTe), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Scopelliti
- Radiopharmacy Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, INFN, Povo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, INFN, Povo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Ippolito
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Department, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Preclinical in vivo Research (CAPiR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Molecular Preclinical and Translational Imaging Research Center (IMPRonTe), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (FPC); (RP)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM-CNR), Cefalù (PA), Italy
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), Catania, Italy
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15
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Szymonowicz K, Krysztofiak A, van der Linden J, Kern A, Deycmar S, Oeck S, Squire A, Koska B, Hlouschek J, Vüllings M, Neander C, Siveke JT, Matschke J, Pruschy M, Timmermann B, Jendrossek V. Proton Irradiation Increases the Necessity for Homologous Recombination Repair Along with the Indispensability of Non-Homologous End Joining. Cells 2020; 9:E889. [PMID: 32260562 PMCID: PMC7226794 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical improvements in clinical radiotherapy for maximizing cytotoxicity to the tumor while limiting negative impact on co-irradiated healthy tissues include the increasing use of particle therapy (e.g., proton therapy) worldwide. Yet potential differences in the biology of DNA damage induction and repair between irradiation with X-ray photons and protons remain elusive. We compared the differences in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and survival of cells compromised in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, after irradiation with an equal dose of X-ray photons, entrance plateau (EP) protons, and mid spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons. We used super-resolution microscopy to investigate potential differences in spatial distribution of DNA damage foci upon irradiation. While DNA damage foci were equally distributed throughout the nucleus after X-ray photon irradiation, we observed more clustered DNA damage foci upon proton irradiation. Furthermore, deficiency in essential NHEJ proteins delayed DNA repair kinetics and sensitized cells to both, X-ray photon and proton irradiation, whereas deficiency in HRR proteins sensitized cells only to proton irradiation. We assume that NHEJ is indispensable for processing DNA DSB independent of the irradiation source, whereas the importance of HRR rises with increasing energy of applied irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Jansje van der Linden
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ajvar Kern
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Simon Deycmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Imaging Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Koska
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Melanie Vüllings
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Christian Neander
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
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Beyreuther E, Brand M, Hans S, Hideghéty K, Karsch L, Leßmann E, Schürer M, Szabó ER, Pawelke J. Feasibility of proton FLASH effect tested by zebrafish embryo irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2019; 139:46-50. [PMID: 31266652 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Motivated by first animal trials showing the normal tissue protecting effect of electron and photon Flash irradiation, i.e. at mean dose rates of 100 Gy/s and higher, relative to conventional beam delivery over minutes the feasibility of proton Flash should be assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A setup and beam parameter settings for the treatment of zebrafish embryo with proton Flash and proton beams of conventional dose rate were established at the University Proton Therapy Dresden. Zebrafish embryos were treated with graded doses and the differential effect on embryonic survival and the induction of morphological malformations was followed for up to four days after irradiation. RESULTS Beam parameters for the realization of proton Flash were set and tested with respect to controlled dose delivery to biological samples. Analyzing the dose dependent embryonic survival and the rate of spinal curvature as one type of developmental abnormality, no significant influence of proton dose rate was revealed. For the rate of pericardial edema as acute radiation effect, a significant difference (p < 0.05) between proton Flash and protons delivered at conventional dose rate of 5 Gy/min was observed for one dose point only. CONCLUSION The feasibility of Flash proton irradiation was successfully shown, whereas more experiments are required to confirm the presence or absence of a protecting effect and to figure out the limits and requirements for the Flash effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany.
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengeneering (CMCB), DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengeneering (CMCB), DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Leßmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Germany
| | | | - Emília Rita Szabó
- Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany
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