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Hagemann N, Qi Y, Mohamud Yusuf A, Li A, Squire A, Tertel T, Giebel B, Ludewig P, Spangenberg P, Chen J, Mosig A, Gunzer M, Hermann DM. Microvascular Network Remodeling in the Ischemic Mouse Brain Defined by Light Sheet Microscopy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024. [PMID: 38357819 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, the analysis of microvascular networks in the reperfused ischemic brain has been limited due to tissue transparency challenges. METHODS Using light sheet microscopy, we assessed microvascular network remodeling from 3 hours to 56 days post-ischemia in 2 mouse models of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion lasting 20 or 40 minutes, resulting in mild ischemic brain injury or brain infarction, respectively. We also examined the effect of a clinically applicable S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate) analog, FTY720 (fingolimod), on microvascular network remodeling. RESULTS Over 56 days, we observed progressive microvascular degeneration followed by robust angiogenesis after mild ischemic injury induced by 20-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion. However, more severe ischemic injury elicited by 40-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion resulted in incomplete microvascular remodeling. In both cases, microvascular networks did not return to their preischemic state but displayed a chronically altered pattern characterized by higher branching point density, shorter branches, higher unconnected branch density, and lower tortuosity, indicating enhanced network connectivity. FTY720 effectively increased microvascular length density, branching point density, and volume density in both models, indicating an angiogenic effect of this drug. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing light sheet microscopy together with automated image analysis, we characterized microvascular remodeling post-ischemia in unprecedented detail. This technology will significantly advance our understanding of microvascular restorative processes and pave the way for novel treatment developments in the stroke field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (N.H., Y.Q., A.M.Y., A.L., D.M.H.)
| | - Yachao Qi
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (N.H., Y.Q., A.M.Y., A.L., D.M.H.)
| | - Ayan Mohamud Yusuf
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (N.H., Y.Q., A.M.Y., A.L., D.M.H.)
| | - AnRan Li
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (N.H., Y.Q., A.M.Y., A.L., D.M.H.)
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen,University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.S., P.S., M.G.)
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (T.T., B.G.)
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (T.T., B.G.)
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (P.L.)
| | - Philippa Spangenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen,University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.S., P.S., M.G.)
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany (J.C., M.G.)
| | - Axel Mosig
- Bioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology and Center for Protein Diagnostics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany (A.M.)
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen,University Hospital Essen, Germany. (A.S., P.S., M.G.)
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., Dortmund, Germany (J.C., M.G.)
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Hospital Essen, Germany. (N.H., Y.Q., A.M.Y., A.L., D.M.H.)
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2
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Spangenberg P, Hagemann N, Squire A, Förster N, Krauß SD, Qi Y, Mohamud Yusuf A, Wang J, Grüneboom A, Kowitz L, Korste S, Totzeck M, Cibir Z, Tuz AA, Singh V, Siemes D, Struensee L, Engel DR, Ludewig P, Martins Nascentes Melo L, Helfrich I, Chen J, Gunzer M, Hermann DM, Mosig A. Rapid and fully automated blood vasculature analysis in 3D light-sheet image volumes of different organs. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100436. [PMID: 37056368 PMCID: PMC10088239 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) can produce high-resolution tomograms of tissue vasculature with high accuracy. However, data processing and analysis is laborious due to the size of the datasets. Here, we introduce VesselExpress, an automated software that reliably analyzes six characteristic vascular network parameters including vessel diameter in LSFM data on average computing hardware. VesselExpress is ∼100 times faster than other existing vessel analysis tools, requires no user interaction, and integrates batch processing and parallelization. Employing an innovative dual Frangi filter approach, we show that obesity induces a large-scale modulation of brain vasculature in mice and that seven other major organs differ strongly in their 3D vascular makeup. Hence, VesselExpress transforms LSFM from an observational to an analytical working tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Spangenberg
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nils Förster
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha D. Krauß
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yachao Qi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lennart Kowitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korste
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Zülal Cibir
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Ata Tuz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Devon Siemes
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura Struensee
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel R. Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Iris Helfrich
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jianxu Chen
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Mosig
- Center for Protein Diagnostics (ProDi), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Bioinformatics Group, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
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3
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Pylaeva E, Korschunow G, Spyra I, Bordbari S, Siakaeva E, Ozel I, Domnich M, Squire A, Hasenberg A, Thangavelu K, Hussain T, Goetz M, Lang KS, Gunzer M, Hansen W, Buer J, Bankfalvi A, Lang S, Jablonska J. During early stages of cancer, neutrophils initiate anti-tumor immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111171. [PMID: 35977505 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs) play a crucial role during cancer spread and in initiation of anti-cancer adaptive immunity. Neutrophils form a substantial population of cells in LNs with poorly understood functions. Here, we demonstrate that, during head and neck cancer (HNC) progression, tumor-associated neutrophils transmigrate to LNs and shape anti-tumor responses in a stage-dependent manner. In metastasis-free stages (N0), neutrophils develop an antigen-presenting phenotype (HLA-DR+CD80+CD86+ICAM1+PD-L1-) and stimulate T cells (CD27+Ki67highPD-1-). LN metastases release GM-CSF and via STAT3 trigger development of PD-L1+ immunosuppressive neutrophils, which repress T cell responses. The accumulation of neutrophils in T cell-rich zones of LNs in N0 constitutes a positive predictor for 5-year survival, while increased numbers of neutrophils in LNs of N1-3 stages predict poor prognosis in HNC. These results suggest a dual role of neutrophils as essential regulators of anti-cancer immunity in LNs and argue for approaches fostering immunostimulatory activity of these cells during cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Georg Korschunow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kruthika Thangavelu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Karl S Lang
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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4
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D'Amico G, Fernandez I, Gómez-Escudero J, Kim H, Maniati E, Azman MS, Mardakheh FK, Serrels B, Serrels A, Parsons M, Squire A, Birdsey GM, Randi AM, Bolado-Carrancio A, Gangeswaran R, Reynolds LE, Bodrug N, Wang Y, Wang J, Meier P, Hodivala-Dilke KM. ERG activity is regulated by endothelial FAK coupling with TRIM25/USP9x in vascular patterning. Development 2022; 149:dev200528. [PMID: 35723257 PMCID: PMC9340553 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Precise vascular patterning is crucial for normal growth and development. The ERG transcription factor drives Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4)/Notch signalling and is thought to act as a pivotal regulator of endothelial cell (EC) dynamics and developmental angiogenesis. However, molecular regulation of ERG activity remains obscure. Using a series of EC-specific focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-knockout (KO) and point-mutant FAK-knock-in mice, we show that loss of ECFAK, its kinase activity or phosphorylation at FAK-Y397, but not FAK-Y861, reduces ERG and DLL4 expression levels together with concomitant aberrations in vascular patterning. Rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry of endogenous proteins identified that endothelial nuclear-FAK interacts with the deubiquitinase USP9x and the ubiquitin ligase TRIM25. Further in silico analysis confirms that ERG interacts with USP9x and TRIM25. Moreover, ERG levels are reduced in FAKKO ECs via a ubiquitin-mediated post-translational modification programme involving USP9x and TRIM25. Re-expression of ERG in vivo and in vitro rescues the aberrant vessel-sprouting defects observed in the absence of ECFAK. Our findings identify ECFAK as a regulator of retinal vascular patterning by controlling ERG protein degradation via TRIM25/USP9x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela D'Amico
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Isabelle Fernandez
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jesús Gómez-Escudero
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hyojin Kim
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Muhammad Syahmi Azman
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Faraz K. Mardakheh
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK
| | - Alan Serrels
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Kings College London, Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Room 3.22B, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anthony Squire
- IMCES - Imaging Centre Essen, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Graeme M. Birdsey
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Rathi Gangeswaran
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Louise E. Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Natalia Bodrug
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yaohe Wang
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute – a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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5
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Hussain T, Domnich M, Bordbari S, Pylaeva E, Siakaeva E, Spyra I, Ozel I, Droege F, Squire A, Lienenklaus S, Sutter K, Hasenberg A, Gunzer M, Lang S, Jablonska J. IFNAR1 Deficiency Impairs Immunostimulatory Properties of Neutrophils in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878959. [PMID: 35833131 PMCID: PMC9271705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are the first organs where the metastatic spread of different types of cancer, including head and neck cancer (HNC), occurs and have therefore high prognostic relevance. Moreover, first anti-cancer immune responses have been shown to be initiated in such LNs via tumor-educated myeloid cells. Among myeloid cells present in TDLNs, neutrophils represent a valuable population and considerably participate in the activation of effector lymphocytes there. Tumor-supportive or tumor-inhibiting activity of neutrophils strongly depends on the surrounding microenvironment. Thus, type I interferon (IFN) availability has been shown to prime anti-tumor activity of these cells. In accordance, mice deficient in type I IFNs show elevated tumor growth and metastatic spread, accompanied by the pro-tumoral neutrophil bias. To reveal the mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, we have studied here the influence of defective type I IFN signaling on the immunoregulatory activity of neutrophils in TDLNs. Live imaging of such LNs was performed using two-photon microscopy in a transplantable murine HNC model. CatchupIVM-red and Ifnar1-/- (type I IFN receptor- deficient) CatchupIVM-red mice were used to visualize neutrophils and to assess their interaction with T-cells in vivo. We have evaluated spatiotemporal patterns of neutrophil/T-cell interactions in LNs in the context of type I interferon receptor (IFNAR1) availability in tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals. Moreover, phenotypic and functional analyses were performed to further characterize the mechanisms regulating neutrophil immunoregulatory capacity. We demonstrated that inactive IFNAR1 leads to elevated accumulation of neutrophils in TDLNs. However, these neutrophils show significantly impaired capacity to interact with and to stimulate T-cells. As a result, a significant reduction of contacts between neutrophils and T lymphocytes is observed, with further impairment of T-cell proliferation and activation. This possibly contributes to the enhanced tumor growth in Ifnar1-/- mice. In agreement with this, IFNAR1-independent activation of downstream IFN signaling using IFN-λ improved the immunostimulatory capacity of neutrophils in TDLNs and contributed to the suppression of tumor growth. Our results suggest that functional type I IFN signaling is essential for neutrophil immunostimulatory capacity and that stimulation of this signaling may provide a therapeutic opportunity in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Hussain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharareh Bordbari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Freya Droege
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Biospectroscopy Research Department, Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS) e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Düsseldorf/Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jadwiga Jablonska,
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6
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Pylaeva E, Ozel I, Squire A, Spyra I, Wallner C, Korek M, Korschunow G, Domnich M, Siakaeva E, Goetz M, Bankfalvi A, Lang S, Kansy B, Jablonska J. B-Helper Neutrophils in Regional Lymph Nodes Correlate with Improved Prognosis in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123092. [PMID: 34205654 PMCID: PMC8234083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neutrophils exhibit multiple functions during cancer progression and are believed to regulate adaptive immune responses to cancer. In addition to their interactions with T cells in this context, these cells are also believed to interact with B cells. Neutrophils have been found in the marginal zone of the spleen, where they exhibit helper cell characteristics, supporting B cell proliferation and activation. Here, we investigate the effect of neutrophils on B cells in the regional lymph nodes (RLN) of head-and-neck cancer (HNC) patients. We have identified that, in RLNs, neutrophils express a helper cell phenotype that was associated with the increased activation and proliferation of B cells. Importantly, the high abundance of neutrophils in the B cell follicles of regional lymph nodes is associated with significantly improved HNC patient survival. Abstract The role of neutrophils during cancer formation and elimination is diverse. Here, for the first time, we investigate neutrophil helper cells (NBH), their influence on B cell activity in the regional lymph nodes (RLN) of head-and-neck cancer patients and the effect of this neutrophil/B cell interaction on patient prognosis. Circulating and RLN neutrophils of patients with stage I–IV head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma were investigated with flow cytometry and qPCR. In addition, neutrophil/B cell co-localization in RLNs was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. B cell proliferation was assessed and correlated with the distance to neutrophils. Patient survival was evaluated. Neutrophils with the helper cell phenotype were identified in the RLN of HNC patients. B cells in close proximity to such NBH showed significantly higher proliferation rates, together with elevated activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression. Notably, patient survival was significantly higher in individuals with high NBH frequencies in the B follicles of RLNs. Neutrophils in RLN can support T cell-independent activation of the adaptive immune system through B cell stimulation, capturing helper cell phenotype character. The presence of such helper neutrophils in the RLNs of HNC patients positively correlates with patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Irem Ozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Ilona Spyra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Charlotte Wallner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Magdalena Korek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Georg Korschunow
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Maksim Domnich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Elena Siakaeva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Moritz Goetz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (M.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kansy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (E.P.); (I.O.); (I.S.); (C.W.); (M.K.); (G.K.); (M.D.); (E.S.); (S.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Düsseldorf/Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (J.J.)
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7
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Mohamud Yusuf A, Hagemann N, Schulten S, Rausch O, Wagner K, Hussner T, Qi Y, Totzeck M, Kleinschnitz C, Squire A, Gunzer M, Hermann DM. Light Sheet Microscopy Using FITC-Albumin Followed by Immunohistochemistry of the Same Rehydrated Brains Reveals Ischemic Brain Injury and Early Microvascular Remodeling. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:625513. [PMID: 33469420 PMCID: PMC7813928 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.625513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the visualization of cerebral microvessels was hampered by the fact that only short segments of vessels could be evaluated in brain sections by histochemistry. These limitations have been overcome by light sheet microscopy, which allows the 3D analysis of microvasculature in cleared brains. A major limitation of light sheet microscopy is that antibodies do not sufficiently penetrate cleared brains. We herein describe a technique of reverse clearing and rehydration, which after microvascular network analysis allows brain sectioning and immunohistochemistry employing a broad set of antibodies. Performing light sheet microscopy on brains of mice exposed to intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we show that in the early phase of microvascular remodeling branching point density was markedly reduced, more strongly than microvascular length. Brain infarcts in light sheet microscopy were sharply demarcated by their autofluorescence signal, closely corresponding to brain infarcts revealed by Nissl staining. Neuronal survival, leukocyte infiltration, and astrocytic reactivity could be evaluated by immunohistochemistry in rehydrated brains, as shown in direct comparisons with non-cleared brains. Immunohistochemistry revealed microthrombi in ischemic microvessels that were likely responsible for the marked branching point loss. The balance between microvascular thrombosis and remodeling warrants further studies at later time-points after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Mohamud Yusuf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulten
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olessja Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tanja Hussner
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yachao Qi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kleinschnitz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences ISAS e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Si Y, Merz SF, Jansen P, Wang B, Bruderek K, Altenhoff P, Mattheis S, Lang S, Gunzer M, Klode J, Squire A, Brandau S. Multidimensional imaging provides evidence for down-regulation of T cell effector function by MDSC in human cancer tissue. Sci Immunol 2020; 4:4/40/eaaw9159. [PMID: 31628161 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A high intratumoral frequency of neutrophils is associated with poor clinical outcome in most cancer entities. It is hypothesized that immunosuppressive MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cell) activity of neutrophils against tumor-reactive T cells contributes to this effect. However, direct evidence for such activity in situ is lacking. Here, we used whole-mount labeling and clearing, three-dimensional (3D) light sheet microscopy and digital image reconstruction supplemented by 2D multiparameter immunofluorescence, for in situ analyses of potential MDSC-T cell interactions in primary human head and neck cancer tissue. We could identify intratumoral hotspots of high polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC and T cell colocalization. In these areas, the expression of effector molecules Granzyme B and Ki67 in T cells was strongly reduced, in particular for T cells that were in close proximity or physically engaged with PMN-MDSC, which expressed LOX-1 and arginase I. Patients with cancer with evidence for strong down-regulation of T cell function by PMN-MDSC had significantly impaired survival. In summary, our approach identifies areas of clinically relevant functional interaction between MDSC and T cells in human cancer tissue and may help to inform patient selection in future combination immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Si
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Jansen
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Baoxiao Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Altenhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Mattheis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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9
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Brandau S, Si Y, Bruderek K, Merz SF, Jansen P, Lang S, Gunzer M, Klode J, Squire A. A subset of mature neutrophils contains the strongest PMN-MDSC activity in blood and tissue of patients with head and neck cancer. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.72.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the circulation and high frequencies of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) in malignant tissue are associated with poor outcome and tumor progression in patients with cancer. It is hypothesized that immunosuppressive neutrophil activity (aka PMN-MDSC activity) contributes to this effect. However, the exact cellular identity of human PMN-MDSC is still under debate. In this study, we sought to identify the neutrophil subset that contained the highest T cell suppressive activity. To this end, we purified different subsets of circulating neutrophils by FACS and performed multi-parameter immunofluorescence together with digital pathology on 2-D and 3-D tumor tissue samples.
We found that a population of circulating, mature, arginase I+ neutrophils that co-purified with mononuclear cells in density gradients, most potently suppressed T cell function in multiple in vitro assays. These PMN-MDSC were also superior to monocytic MDSC in T cell suppression. Using a novel technology of tissue whole mount labelling, clearing and imaging we derived 3-D spatial maps of neutrophil – T cell interaction in human tumors. We found that T cells, which were conjugated to arginase I+, myeloperoxidase+ TAN, had significantly reduced expression of proliferation and cytotoxicity markers. In patients, frequent conjugation of T cells to those PMN-MDSC was associated with poor prognosis. In contrast to circulating PMN-MDSC, tissue PMN-MDSC expressed high amounts of LOX-1 (oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1) and a high intratumoral frequency of LOX-1+ PMN-MDSC was associated with poor survival.
We identified and characterized PMN-MDSC activity in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Si
- 2Sun Yat Sen University, China
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10
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Szymonowicz K, Krysztofiak A, van der Linden J, Kern A, Deycmar S, Oeck S, Squire A, Koska B, Hlouschek J, Vüllings M, Neander C, Siveke JT, Matschke J, Pruschy M, Timmermann B, Jendrossek V. Proton Irradiation Increases the Necessity for Homologous Recombination Repair Along with the Indispensability of Non-Homologous End Joining. Cells 2020; 9:E889. [PMID: 32260562 PMCID: PMC7226794 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical improvements in clinical radiotherapy for maximizing cytotoxicity to the tumor while limiting negative impact on co-irradiated healthy tissues include the increasing use of particle therapy (e.g., proton therapy) worldwide. Yet potential differences in the biology of DNA damage induction and repair between irradiation with X-ray photons and protons remain elusive. We compared the differences in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and survival of cells compromised in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, after irradiation with an equal dose of X-ray photons, entrance plateau (EP) protons, and mid spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons. We used super-resolution microscopy to investigate potential differences in spatial distribution of DNA damage foci upon irradiation. While DNA damage foci were equally distributed throughout the nucleus after X-ray photon irradiation, we observed more clustered DNA damage foci upon proton irradiation. Furthermore, deficiency in essential NHEJ proteins delayed DNA repair kinetics and sensitized cells to both, X-ray photon and proton irradiation, whereas deficiency in HRR proteins sensitized cells only to proton irradiation. We assume that NHEJ is indispensable for processing DNA DSB independent of the irradiation source, whereas the importance of HRR rises with increasing energy of applied irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Jansje van der Linden
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ajvar Kern
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Simon Deycmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Imaging Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Koska
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Melanie Vüllings
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Christian Neander
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
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11
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Si Y, Squire A, Merz S, Bruderek K, Lang S, Gunzer M, Brandau S. Abstract B12: Quantitative high-resolution tissue analysis defines intratumoral hot spots of PMN-MDSC activity in situ. Cancer Immunol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm18-b12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells with T-cell suppressive activity. While the identity and function of circulating MDSC is fairly well established in human cancer patients, the nature of potential MDSC in tissues remains largely enigmatic. However, understanding the biology of MDSC in human tissues is of pivotal importance, because MDSC are believed to regulate the activity of antitumor T cells and may serve as a major resistance mechanism in modern cancer immunotherapy. We developed a whole-mount tissue processing and staining procedure to mark PMN-MDSC subsets and T-cell effector function in situ in an intact 3-dimensional tissue architecture. We then used ultramicroscopy, digital image analysis and 3-D image reconstruction of original data to analyze and quantify the spatial distribution of MDSC and T cells. We identified intratumoral hot spots with high prevalence for both MDSC and T cells. T-cell effector function was reduced in these hot spots. Multicolor immunofluorescence and high-resolution image analysis also revealed the identity and frequency of cellular conjugates between MDSC and T cells. Quantitative spatial analyses indicated that immunosuppressive activity of MDSC requires close proximity of MDSC and T cells. Obtained data were applied to 2-D multicolor immunofluorescence analysis in a larger cohort of head and neck cancer patients with well-defined follow-up. Patients with evidence for strong downregulation of T-cell activity by PMN-MDSC presented with a significantly impaired survival, suggesting a clinical relevance of our findings. Our data suggest that co-targeting of PMN-MDSC and T cells could be beneficial in a subgroup of cancer patients. We also identified parameters useful to select those patients, who are likely to benefit from such immuno-combinations.
Citation Format: Yu Si, Anthony Squire, Simon Merz, Kirsten Bruderek, Stephan Lang, Matthias Gunzer, Sven Brandau. Quantitative high-resolution tissue analysis defines intratumoral hot spots of PMN-MDSC activity in situ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Si
- University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Simon Merz
- University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Lin Y, Wu C, Wang X, Kemper T, Squire A, Gunzer M, Zhang J, Chen X, Lu M. Hepatitis B virus is degraded by autophagosome-lysosome fusion mediated by Rab7 and related components. Protein Cell 2019; 10:60-66. [PMID: 29876903 PMCID: PMC6321816 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117, Essen, Germany.
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13
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Merz SF, Korste S, Bornemann L, Michel L, Stock P, Squire A, Soun C, Engel DR, Detzer J, Lörchner H, Hermann DM, Kamler M, Klode J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rassaf T, Gunzer M, Totzeck M. Publisher Correction: Contemporaneous 3D characterization of acute and chronic myocardial I/R injury and response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2768. [PMID: 31217436 PMCID: PMC6584493 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korste
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Camille Soun
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Detzer
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Lörchner
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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14
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Merz SF, Korste S, Bornemann L, Michel L, Stock P, Squire A, Soun C, Engel DR, Detzer J, Lörchner H, Hermann DM, Kamler M, Klode J, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Rassaf T, Gunzer M, Totzeck M. Contemporaneous 3D characterization of acute and chronic myocardial I/R injury and response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2312. [PMID: 31127113 PMCID: PMC6534576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardioprotection by salvage of the infarct-affected myocardium is an unmet yet highly desired therapeutic goal. To develop new dedicated therapies, experimental myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury would require methods to simultaneously characterize extent and localization of the damage and the ensuing inflammatory responses in whole hearts over time. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D), simultaneous quantitative investigation of key I/R injury-components by combining bleaching-augmented solvent-based non-toxic clearing (BALANCE) using ethyl cinnamate (ECi) with light sheet fluorescence microscopy. This allows structural analyses of fluorescence-labeled I/R hearts with exceptional detail. We discover and 3D-quantify distinguishable acute and late vascular I/R damage zones. These contain highly localized and spatially structured neutrophil infiltrates that are modulated upon cardiac healing. Our model demonstrates that these characteristic I/R injury patterns can detect the extent of damage even days after the ischemic index event hence allowing the investigation of long-term recovery and remodeling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Merz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Korste
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Pia Stock
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Camille Soun
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Detzer
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Holger Lörchner
- Dept. of Cardiac Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Kamler
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim Klode
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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15
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Lin Y, Wu C, Wang X, Liu S, Kemper T, Li F, Squire A, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Chen X, Lu M. Synaptosomal‐associated protein 29 is required for the autophagic degradation of hepatitis B virus. FASEB J 2019; 33:6023-6034. [PMID: 30742775 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801995rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Chunchen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Shi Liu
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Fahong Li
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHuashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesHuashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
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16
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Tomkow L, Wiggans R, Lee A, Tickell-Painter M, Pushkar P, Wilson R, Squire A, Lawton K, Whitehouse E. 1.10-P4Asylum seeker and refugee healthcare: a survey of healthcare professionals’ knowledge and experience in the United Kingdom. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky048.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Tomkow
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Wiggans
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - A Lee
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - P Pushkar
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
- University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R Wilson
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A Squire
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - K Lawton
- Medact Manchester, United Kingdom
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17
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Pohl J, Volke JK, Thiebes S, Brenzel A, Fuchs K, Beziere N, Ehrlichmann W, Pichler BJ, Squire A, Gueler F, Engel DR. CCR2‐dependent Gr1
high
monocytes promote kidney injury in shiga toxin‐induced hemolytic uremic syndrome in mice. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:990-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith‐Mira Pohl
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Julia K. Volke
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging CenterDepartment of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging CenterDepartment of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging CenterDepartment of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging CenterDepartment of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyEberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionHannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Daniel R. Engel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and ImagingUniversity Duisburg‐Essen and University Hospital Essen Essen Germany
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18
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Dixit A, Bottek J, Beerlage AL, Schuettpelz J, Thiebes S, Brenzel A, Garbers C, Rose-John S, Mittrücker HW, Squire A, Engel DR. Frontline Science: Proliferation of Ly6C + monocytes during urinary tract infections is regulated by IL-6 trans-signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:13-22. [PMID: 28882904 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0517-198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly6C+ monocytes are important components of the innate immune defense against infections. These cells have been shown to proliferate in the bone marrow of mice with systemic infections. However, the proliferative capacity of Ly6C+ monocytes in infected peripheral tissues as well as the associated regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed the proliferative capacity of Ly6C+ monocytes in the urinary bladder after infection with uropathogenic E. coli, one of the most prevalent pathogen worldwide, and in LPS-induced peritonitis. We show that Ly6C+ monocytes proliferated in the bladder after infection with uropathogenic E. coli and in the peritoneum after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. We identified IL-6, a molecule that is highly expressed in infections, as a crucial regulator of Ly6C+ monocyte proliferation. Inhibition of IL-6 via administration of antibodies against IL-6 or gp130 impeded Ly6C+ monocyte proliferation. Furthermore, repression of IL-6 trans-signaling via administration of soluble gp130 markedly reduced the proliferation of Ly6C+ monocytes. Overall, this study describes the proliferation of Ly6C+ monocytes using models of urinary tract infection and LPS-induced peritonitis. IL-6 trans-signaling was identified as the regulator of Ly6C+ monocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dixit
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jenny Bottek
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Beerlage
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Schuettpelz
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiebes
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anthony Squire
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Department of Immunodynamics, Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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19
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Lugo-Hernandez E, Squire A, Hagemann N, Brenzel A, Sardari M, Schlechter J, Sanchez-Mendoza EH, Gunzer M, Faissner A, Hermann DM. 3D visualization and quantification of microvessels in the whole ischemic mouse brain using solvent-based clearing and light sheet microscopy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3355-3367. [PMID: 28350253 PMCID: PMC5624395 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17698970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The visualization of cerebral microvessels is essential for understanding brain remodeling after stroke. Injection of dyes allows for the evaluation of perfused vessels, but has limitations related either to incomplete microvascular filling or leakage. In conventional histochemistry, the analysis of microvessels is limited to 2D structures, with apparent limitations regarding the interpretation of vascular circuits. Herein, we developed a straight-forward technique to visualize microvessels in the whole ischemic mouse brain, combining the injection of a fluorescent-labeled low viscosity hydrogel conjugate with 3D solvent clearing followed by automated light sheet microscopy. We performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in C57Bl/6j mice and acquired detailed 3D vasculature images from whole brains. Subsequent image processing, rendering and fitting of blood vessels to a filament model was employed to calculate vessel length density, resulting in 0.922 ± 0.176 m/mm3 in healthy tissue and 0.329 ± 0.131 m/mm3 in ischemic tissue. This analysis showed a marked loss of capillaries with a diameter ≤ 10 µm and a more moderate loss of microvessels in the range > 10 and ≤ 20 µm, whereas vessels > 20 µm were unaffected by focal cerebral ischemia. We propose that this protocol is highly suitable for studying microvascular injury and remodeling post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlen Lugo-Hernandez
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,2 Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,3 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Carabobo, La Morita, Venezuela
| | - Anthony Squire
- 4 Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Hagemann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Brenzel
- 4 Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maryam Sardari
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jana Schlechter
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Gunzer
- 4 Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging and Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- 2 Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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20
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Lin Y, Kemper T, Squire A, Günzer M, Lu M. Hepatitis B virus production is enhanced through early autophagy, but degraded through autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Z Gastroenterol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany
| | - T Kemper
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany
| | - A Squire
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 2Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - M Günzer
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 2Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Essen, Germany
| | - M Lu
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany
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21
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Bart G, Vico NO, Hassinen A, Pujol FM, Deen AJ, Ruusala A, Tammi RH, Squire A, Heldin P, Kellokumpu S, Tammi MI. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and proximity ligation assays reveal functionally relevant homo- and heteromeric complexes among hyaluronan synthases HAS1, HAS2, and HAS3. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11479-90. [PMID: 25795779 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, hyaluronan is produced in the plasma membrane from cytosolic UDP-sugar substrates by hyaluronan synthase 1-3 (HAS1-3) isoenzymes that transfer N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucuronic acid (GlcUA) in alternative positions in the growing polysaccharide chain during its simultaneous extrusion into the extracellular space. It has been shown that HAS2 immunoprecipitates contain functional HAS2 homomers and also heteromers with HAS3 (Karousou, E., Kamiryo, M., Skandalis, S. S., Ruusala, A., Asteriou, T., Passi, A., Yamashita, H., Hellman, U., Heldin, C. H., and Heldin, P. (2010) The activity of hyaluronan synthase 2 is regulated by dimerization and ubiquitination. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 23647-23654). Here we have systematically screened in live cells, potential interactions among the HAS isoenzymes using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and flow cytometric quantification. We show that all HAS isoenzymes form homomeric and also heteromeric complexes with each other. The same complexes were detected both in Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane by using FRET microscopy and the acceptor photobleaching method. Proximity ligation assays with HAS antibodies confirmed the presence of HAS1-HAS2, HAS2-HAS2, and HAS2-HAS3 complexes between endogenously expressed HASs. C-terminal deletions revealed that the enzymes interact mainly via uncharacterized N-terminal 86-amino acid domain(s), but additional binding site(s) probably exist in their C-terminal parts. Of all the homomeric complexes HAS1 had the lowest and HAS3 the highest synthetic activity. Interestingly, HAS1 transfection reduced the synthesis of hyaluronan obtained by HAS2 and HAS3, suggesting functional cooperation between the isoenzymes. These data indicate a general tendency of HAS isoenzymes to form both homomeric and heteromeric complexes with potentially important functional consequences on hyaluronan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Bart
- From the Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nuria Ortega Vico
- the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Hassinen
- the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Francois M Pujol
- the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ashik Jawahar Deen
- From the Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aino Ruusala
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden, and
| | - Raija H Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anthony Squire
- the Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Clinic Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Paraskevi Heldin
- the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden, and
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku I Tammi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland,
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22
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Grecco HE, Roda-Navarro P, Girod A, Hou J, Frahm T, Truxius DC, Pepperkok R, Squire A, Bastiaens PIH. In situ analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation networks by FLIM on cell arrays. Nat Methods 2010; 7:467-72. [PMID: 20453867 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular stimuli are transduced inside the cell by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, of proteins in signaling networks. Insight into the structure of these networks requires quantification of PTM levels in individual cells. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful tool to image PTM levels in situ. FLIM on cell arrays that express fluorescent protein fusions can quantify tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in large networks in individual cells. We identified tyrosine kinase substrates by imaging their phosphorylation levels after inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Analysis of the correlation between protein phosphorylation and expression levels at single cell resolution allowed us to identify positive feedback motifs. Using FLIM on cell arrays (CA-FLIM), we uncovered components that transduce signals from epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán E Grecco
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Dortmund, Germany
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23
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Filsoufi F, Salzberg SP, Rahmanian PB, Schiano TD, Elsiesy H, Squire A, Adams DH. Early and late outcome of cardiac surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver Transpl 2007; 13:990-5. [PMID: 17427174 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major risk factor in general surgery. Few studies have reported on the outcome of cardiac surgery in these patients. Herein we report our recent experience in this high-risk patient population according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Between January 1998 and December 2004, 27 patients (mean age 58 +/- 10 yr, 20 male) with cirrhosis who underwent cardiac surgery were identified. Patients were in Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A (n = 10), B (n = 11), and C (n = 6) and mean MELD score was 14.2 +/- 4.2. Operative mortality was 26% (n = 7). Stratified mortality according to Child-Turcotte-Pugh class was 11%, 18%, and 67% for class A, B, and C, respectively. No mortality occurred in patients who had revascularization without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 5). The 1-yr survival was 80%, 45%, and 16% for Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively (P = 0.02). Major postoperative complications occurred in 22%, 56%, and 100% for Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively. Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification was a better predictor of hospital mortality (P = 0.02) compared to MELD score (P = 0.065). In conclusion, our results suggest that cardiac surgery can be performed safely in patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A and selected patients with class B. Operative mortality remains high in class C patients. Careful patient selection is critical in order to improve surgical outcome in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzan Filsoufi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York NY 10029-1028, USA.
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24
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Xouri G, Squire A, Dimaki M, Geverts B, Verveer PJ, Taraviras S, Nishitani H, Houtsmuller AB, Bastiaens PIH, Lygerou Z. Cdt1 associates dynamically with chromatin throughout G1 and recruits Geminin onto chromatin. EMBO J 2007; 26:1303-14. [PMID: 17318181 PMCID: PMC1817642 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain genome integrity, eukaryotic cells initiate DNA replication once per cell cycle after assembling prereplicative complexes (preRCs) on chromatin at the end of mitosis and during G1. In S phase, preRCs are disassembled, precluding initiation of another round of replication. Cdt1 is a key member of the preRC and its correct regulation via proteolysis and by its inhibitor Geminin is essential to prevent premature re-replication. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy, we study the interactions of Cdt1 with chromatin and Geminin in living cells. We find that Cdt1 exhibits dynamic interactions with chromatin throughout G1 phase and that the protein domains responsible for chromatin and Geminin interactions are separable. Contrary to existing in vitro data, we show that Cdt1 simultaneously binds Geminin and chromatin in vivo, thereby recruiting Geminin onto chromatin. We propose that dynamic Cdt1-chromatin associations and the recruitment of Geminin to chromatin provide spatio-temporal control of the licensing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xouri
- Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anthony Squire
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Dimaki
- Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Bart Geverts
- Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stavros Taraviras
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Hideo Nishitani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Adriaan B Houtsmuller
- Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe I H Bastiaens
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, EMBL, Heidelberg 69117, Germany. Tel.: + 49 6221 387 407; Fax: + 49 6221 387 512; E-mail:
| | - Zoi Lygerou
- Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of General Biology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras 26500, Greece. Tel.: + 30 2610 997621; Fax: + 30 2610 991769; E-mail:
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25
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Squire A, Verveer PJ, Rocks O, Bastiaens PIH. Red-edge anisotropy microscopy enables dynamic imaging of homo-FRET between green fluorescent proteins in cells. J Struct Biol 2005; 147:62-9. [PMID: 15109606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Revised: 10/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements can be used to detect fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between identical fluorophores (homo-FRET). However, the contribution of homo-FRET to the steady-state anisotropy must be discerned from those due to the orientational distribution and rotational diffusion, which so far has required photobleaching controls, largely precluding dynamic measurements in live cells. We describe a variation of steady-state anisotropy microscopy in which the contribution of homo-FRET is dynamically isolated from the total anisotropy by exploiting the loss of energy transfer that occurs at red-edge excitation. Excitation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the red-edge of its absorption band shows the shift in the emission spectrum compared to main-band excitation that is characteristic for photo-selection of static low energy S(0)-S(1) transitions that fail to exhibit FRET. An experimental setup for steady-state fluorescent anisotropy microscopy is described that can be used to acquire anisotropy images in live cells at main-band and red-edge excitation of EGFP. We demonstrate in live cells homo-FRET suppression of protein fusion constructs that consist of two and three EGFP molecules connected by short linkers. This methodology represents a novel approach for the dynamic measurement of homo-FRET in live cells that will be of utility in the biological sciences to detect oligomerization and concentration dependent interactions between identically labeled molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Squire
- Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Eph receptors and their cell membrane-bound ephrin ligands regulate cell positioning and thereby establish or stabilize patterns of cellular organization. Although it is recognized that ephrin clustering is essential for Eph function, mechanisms that relay information of ephrin density into cell biological responses are poorly understood. We demonstrate by confocal time-lapse and fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy that within minutes of binding ephrin-A5-coated beads, EphA3 receptors assemble into large clusters. While remaining positioned around the site of ephrin contact, Eph clusters exceed the size of the interacting ephrin surface severalfold. EphA3 mutants with compromised ephrin-binding capacity, which alone are incapable of cluster formation or phosphorylation, are recruited effectively and become phosphorylated when coexpressed with a functional receptor. Our findings reveal consecutive initiation of ephrin-facilitated Eph clustering and cluster propagation, the latter of which is independent of ephrin contacts and cytosolic Eph signaling functions but involves direct Eph-Eph interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine H Wimmer-Kleikamp
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 13D, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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27
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Croft LB, Donnino R, Shapiro R, Indes J, Fayngersh A, Squire A, Goldman ME. Age-related prevalence of cardiac valvular abnormalities warranting infectious endocarditis prophylaxis. Am J Cardiol 2004; 94:386-9. [PMID: 15276115 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2003] [Revised: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of our study was to determine the prevalence of older patients with cardiac valvular abnormalities warranting endocarditis prophylaxis. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1,000 randomly selected echocardiograms (inpatients and outpatients) from our tertiary care institution. We found that the prevalence of valvular abnormalities increased significantly with age, and that 50% of patients > or =60 years of age warranted endocarditis prophylaxis using current guidelines. With the aging population of the United States and the negative consequences of widespread antibiotic prophylaxis, further investigation is needed to identify patients who are truly at risk for infectious endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori B Croft
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA.
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28
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Mudher A, Shepherd D, Newman TA, Mildren P, Jukes JP, Squire A, Mears A, Drummond JA, Berg S, MacKay D, Asuni AA, Bhat R, Lovestone S. GSK-3beta inhibition reverses axonal transport defects and behavioural phenotypes in Drosophila. Mol Psychiatry 2004; 9:522-30. [PMID: 14993907 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tauopathies are a group of disorders characterised by aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and include Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the fronto-temporal dementias (FTD). We have used Drosophila to analyse how tau abnormalities cause neurodegeneration. By selectively co-expressing wild-type human tau (0N3R isoform) and a GFP vesicle marker in motorneurons, we examined the consequences of tau overexpression on axonal transport in vivo. The results show that overexpression of tau disrupts axonal transport causing vesicle aggregation and this is associated with loss of locomotor function. All these effects occur without neuron death. Co-expression of constitutively active glycogen-synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) enhances and two GSK-3beta inhibitors, lithium and AR-A014418, reverse both the axon transport and locomotor phenotypes, suggesting that the pathological effects of tau are phosphorylation dependent. These data show that tau abnormalities significantly disrupt neuronal function, in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, before the classical pathological hallmarks are evident and also suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3beta might have potential therapeutic benefits in tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mudher
- Department of Neuroscience and Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
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29
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Abstract
When bound by extracellular ligands, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) on the cell surface transmit critical signals to the cell interior. Although signal termination is less well understood, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of several RTKs. However, PTP1B resides on the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), so how and when it accesses RTKs has been unclear. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methods, we monitored interactions between the epidermal- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors and PTP1B. PTP1B-catalyzed dephosphorylation required endocytosis of the receptors and occurred at specific sites on the surface of the ER. Most of the RTKs activated at the cell surface showed interaction with PTP1B after internalization, establishing that RTK activation and inactivation are spatially and temporally partitioned within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz G Haj
- Cancer Biology Program, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Indes J, Shapiro R, Croft LB, Squire A, Pennipede J, Buckley S, Goldman ME. Do AHA antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines for prevention of antibiotics need revision? J Am Coll Cardiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)80769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Verveer PJ, Squire A, Bastiaens PI. Improved spatial discrimination of protein reaction states in cells by global analysis and deconvolution of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data. J Microsc 2001; 202:451-6. [PMID: 11422665 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00917.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The deconvolution of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data that were processed with global analysis techniques is described. Global analysis of FLIM data enables the determination of relative numbers of molecules in different protein reaction states on a pixel-by-pixel basis in cells. The three-dimensional fluorescence distributions of each protein state can then be calculated and deconvolved. High-resolution maps of the relative concentrations of each state are then obtained from the deconvolved images. We applied these techniques to quantitatively image the phosphorylation state of ErbB1 receptors tagged with green fluorescent protein in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Verveer
- Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Program, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Abstract
Global analysis techniques are described for frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) data. These algorithms exploit the prior knowledge that only a limited number of fluorescent molecule species whose lifetimes do not vary spatially are present in the sample. Two approaches to implementing the lifetime invariance constraint are described. In the lifetime invariant fit method, each image in the lifetime image sequence is spatially averaged to obtain an improved signal-to-noise ratio. The lifetime estimations from these averaged data are used to recover the fractional contribution to the steady-state fluorescence on a pixel-by-pixel basis for each species. The second, superior, approach uses a global analysis technique that simultaneously fits the fractional contributions in all pixels and the spatially invariant lifetimes. In frequency domain FLIM the maximum number of lifetimes that can be fit with the global analysis method is twice the number of lifetimes that can be fit with conventional approaches. As a result, it is possible to discern two lifetimes with a single-frequency FLIM setup. The algorithms were tested on simulated data and then applied to separate the cellular distributions of coexpressed green fluorescent proteins in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Verveer
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London WC2A 3PX, England
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33
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Squire A, Langan N, Halperin J. Electrocardiographic artifact. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:592. [PMID: 10691511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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34
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Abstract
The experimental configuration and the computational algorithms for performing multiple frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (mfFLIM) are described. The mfFLIM experimental set-up enables the simultaneous homodyne detection of fluorescence emission modulated at a set of harmonic frequencies. This was achieved in practice by using monochromatic laser light as an excitation source modulated at a harmonic set of frequencies. A minimum of four frequencies were obtained by the use of two standing wave acousto-optic modulators placed in series. Homodyne detection at each of these frequencies was performed simultaneously by mixing with matching harmonics present in the gain characteristics of a microchannel plate (MCP) image intensifier. These harmonics arise as a natural consequence of applying a high frequency sinusoidal voltage to the photocathode of the device, which switches the flow of photoelectrons 'on' and 'off' as the sinus voltage swings from negative to positive. By changing the bias of the sinus it was possible to control the duration of the 'on' state of the intensifier relative to its 'off' state, enabling the amplitude of the higher harmonic content in the gain to be controlled. Relative modulation depths of 400% are theoretically possible from this form of square-pulse modulation. A phase-dependent integrated image is formed by the sum of the mixed frequencies on the phosphor of the MCP. Sampling this signal over a full period of the fundamental harmonic enables each harmonic to be resolved, provided that the Nyquist sampling criterion is satisfied for the highest harmonic component in the signal. At each frequency both the phase and modulation parameters can be estimated from a Fourier analysis of the data. These parameters enable the fractional populations and fluorescence lifetimes of individual components of a complex fluorescence decay to be resolved on a pixel-by-pixel basis using a non-linear fit to the dispersion relationships. The fitting algorithms were tested on a simulated data set and were successful in disentangling two populations having 1 ns and 4 ns fluorescence lifetimes. Spatial invariance of the lifetimes was exploited to improve the accuracy significantly. Multiple frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was then successfully applied to resolve the fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence intensity contributions in a rhodamine dye mixture in solution, and green fluorescent protein variants co-expressed in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Squire
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, U.K
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35
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Abstract
We describe an extremely simple method by which optically sectioned fluorescence images may be obtained with conventional microscopes using laser illumination. A one-dimensional grid pattern is introduced into the illumination system, together with a rotating ground glass diffuser. This causes an image of the grid pattern to be projected into the specimen. Images taken at three spatial positions of the grid are processed in a simple manner to provide optically sectioned images of fluorescent specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Neil
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, U.K
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36
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Ng T, Shima D, Squire A, Bastiaens PI, Gschmeissner S, Humphries MJ, Parker PJ. PKCalpha regulates beta1 integrin-dependent cell motility through association and control of integrin traffic. EMBO J 1999; 18:3909-23. [PMID: 10406796 PMCID: PMC1171467 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.14.3909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in integrin-mediated spreading and migration. In mammary epithelial cells there is a partial co-localization between beta1 integrin and PKCalpha. This reflects complexes between these proteins as demonstrated by fluorescense resonance energy transfer (FRET) monitored by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and also by coprecipitation. Constitutive complexes are observed for the intact PKCalpha and also form with the regulatory domain in an activation-dependent manner. Expression of PKCalpha causes upregulation of beta1 integrin on the cell surface, whereas stimulation of PKC induces internalization of beta1 integrin. The integrin initially traffics to an endosomal compartment in a Ca(2+)/PI 3-kinase/dynamin I-dependent manner and subsequently enters an endocytic recycling pathway. This induction of endocytosis by PKCalpha is a function of activity and is not observed for the regulatory domain. PKCalpha, but not PKCalpha regulatory domain expression stimulates migration on beta1 integrin substrates. This PKCalpha-enhanced migratory response is inhibited by blockade of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ng
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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37
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Ng T, Squire A, Hansra G, Bornancin F, Prevostel C, Hanby A, Harris W, Barnes D, Schmidt S, Mellor H, Bastiaens PI, Parker PJ. Imaging protein kinase Calpha activation in cells. Science 1999; 283:2085-9. [PMID: 10092232 DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5410.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Spatially resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), provides a method for tracing the catalytic activity of fluorescently tagged proteins inside live cell cultures and enables determination of the functional state of proteins in fixed cells and tissues. Here, a dynamic marker of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activation is identified and exploited. Activation of PKCalpha is detected through the binding of fluorescently tagged phosphorylation site-specific antibodies; the consequent FRET is measured through the donor fluorophore on PKCalpha by FLIM. This approach enabled the imaging of PKCalpha activation in live and fixed cultured cells and was also applied to pathological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ng
- Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory and Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (ICRF), 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
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38
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Pepperkok R, Squire A, Geley S, Bastiaens PI. Simultaneous detection of multiple green fluorescent proteins in live cells by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Curr Biol 1999; 9:269-72. [PMID: 10074454 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) has proven to be an excellent fluorescent marker for protein expression and localisation in living cells [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Several mutant GFPs with distinct fluorescence excitation and emission spectra have been engineered for intended use in multi-labelling experiments [6] [7] [8] [9]. Discrimination of these co-expressed GFP variants by wavelength is hampered, however, by a high degree of spectral overlap, low quantum efficiencies and extinction coefficients [10], or rapid photobleaching [6]. Using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16], four GFP variants were shown to have distinguishable fluorescence lifetimes. Among these was a new variant (YFP5) with spectral characteristics reminiscent of yellow fluorescent protein [8] and a comparatively long fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence intensities of co-expressed spectrally similar GFP variants (either alone or as fusion proteins) were separated using lifetime images obtained with FLIM at a single excitation wavelength and using a single broad band emission filter. Fluorescence lifetime imaging opens up an additional spectroscopic dimension to wavelength through which novel GFP variants can be selected to extend the number of protein processes that can be imaged simultaneously in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pepperkok
- Light Microscopy Unit, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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39
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Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a technique in which the mean fluorescence lifetime of a chromophore is measured at each spatially resolvable element of a microscope image. The nanosecond excited-state lifetime is independent of probe concentration or light path length but dependent upon excited-state reactions such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). These properties of fluorescence lifetimes allow exploration of the molecular environment of labelled macromolecules in the interior of cells. Imaging of fluorescence lifetimes enables biochemical reactions to be followed at each microscopically resolvable location within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Bastiaens
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK.
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40
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Abstract
A microscope set-up and numerical methods are described which enable the measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional nanosecond fluorescence lifetime images in every voxel. The frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (FLIM) utilizes phase detection of high-frequency modulated light by homodyne mixing on a microchannel plate image intensifier. The output signal at the image intensifier's phosphor screen is integrated on a charge coupled device camera. A scanning stage is employed to obtain a series of phase-dependent intensity images at equally separated depths in a specimen. The Fourier transform of phase-dependent data gives three-dimensional (3D) images of the Fourier coefficients. These images are deblurred using an Iterative Constrained Tikhonov-Miller (ICTM) algorithm in conjunction with a measured point spread function. The 3D reconstruction of fluorescence lifetimes are calculated from the deblurred images of the Fourier coefficients. An improved spatial and temporal resolution of fluorescence lifetimes was obtained using this approach to the reconstruction of simulated 3D FLIM data. The technique was applied to restore 3D FLIM data of a live cell specimen expressing two green fluorescent protein fusion constructs having distinct fluorescence lifetimes which localized to separate cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Squire
- Cell Biophysics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, U.K
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41
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Cody A, Squire A. Nurses' perceptions of good nursing care. Prof Nurse 1998; 13:578-82. [PMID: 9782973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nursing has been described as 'caring for patients'. By telling stories about their experiences nurses may define what they understand to be good nursing care. Nurses' narratives emphasised the importance of building up a rapport with a patient to overcome fears, provide assistance and diffuse difficult situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cody
- Education Centre, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, Denbighshire
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42
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Fyfe BS, Israel DH, Quish A, Squire A, Burrows L, Miller C, Sharma SK, Murthy S, Machac J. Reversal of primary hyperoxaluria cardiomyopathy after combined liver and renal transplantation. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75:210-2. [PMID: 7810511 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)80085-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B S Fyfe
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029
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43
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Squire A. Community nurses are not GPs' attendants. Br J Nurs 1994; 3:699-700. [PMID: 7919837 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.1994.3.14.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Government announced in May 1994 that it had agreed changes to the terms of service of GPs and that they can be flexible in the way they meet their out-of-hours responsibilities. GPs must accept their duty to arrange 24-hour medical care. All nurses need to promote nursing services, not medical services. Community nurses need to look at 24-hour nursing/health visiting care, not medical care. Consumers need to be asked what kind of 24-hour service they need.
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44
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Wood BE, Squire A, O'Connor SE, Leff P. ADP-beta-F is not a selective P2y-receptor agonist in rabbit jugular vein. Br J Pharmacol 1989; 98 Suppl:794P. [PMID: 2611511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B E Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Fisons plc-Pharmaceutical Division, Loughborough, Leicestershire
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45
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Squire A, Dowell AC. Paediatric surveillance--a calendar for change. Health Visit 1989; 62:382-4. [PMID: 2599876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A course was held for health visitors to evaluate their present practice in paediatric surveillance. Problem areas were highlighted and a set of recommendations produced which sought to improve practice and bring about a calendar for change.
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46
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Bach N, Schultz BL, Cohen LB, Squire A, Gordon R, Thung SN, Schaffner F. Amiodarone hepatotoxicity: progression from steatosis to cirrhosis. Mt Sinai J Med 1989; 56:293-6. [PMID: 2797021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Squire A, Kupersmith J. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents: review and update. Mt Sinai J Med 1985; 52:553-8. [PMID: 2866443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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48
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Squire A, Miller CM, Horowitz SF, Shane L, Jacobson JH, Halperin JL. Femoral pseudoaneurysm following nonpenetrating trauma in a patient with aortic insufficiency. Am J Med 1985; 78:719-20. [PMID: 3985047 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although not uncommon after penetrating vascular trauma, arterial pseudoaneurysms rarely develop following blunt trauma. A patient is described in whom indirect trauma led to pseudoaneurysm of the profunda femoris artery, and persistent bleeding required surgical intervention. In this case, the coexistence of significant aortic valvular regurgitation suggests that wide pulse pressure may predispose to this arterial complication.
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49
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Abstract
Maintenance of adequate serum blood levels is crucial to successful antiarrhythmic therapy. Serum levels of four antiarrhythmic agents (long-acting procainamide, quinidine sulfate, quinidine gluconate, and disopyramide) were determined in 98 consecutive ambulatory patients receiving long-term oral therapy. Medication dosages, dosing intervals, and time elapsed from last dosage until blood sampling were determined. Seventy-five patients (76.5 percent) had subtherapeutic blood levels (with mean levels less than 50 percent of the suggested minimum), and only 22 patients (22.5 percent) had therapeutic levels. Even among the 61 patients who claimed to have taken their medications within the six hours prior to blood sampling, 43 (70 percent) had subtherapeutic levels. These ratios held among all subgroups studied. Physicians should be aware of the high proportion of patients receiving long-term oral antiarrhythmic therapy with inadequate serum blood levels when planning therapeutic regimens.
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50
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Abstract
A patient with atrial premature beats (APBs) with variable return cycle lengths is reported. Two rare responses of the sinus node were observed: APBs in which the return and sinus cycle lengths were equal and APBs which were interpolated. Several possible mechanisms for these unusual effects of APBs on the sinus node are discussed. One mechanism which can explain both of these observations is sinus node re-entry. This possibility is indirectly supported by documentation of sinus node re-entry during electrophysiologic studies.
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