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Fukuda J, Kosuge S, Satoh Y, Sekiya S, Yamamura R, Ooshio T, Hirata T, Sato R, Hatanaka KC, Mitsuhashi T, Nakamura T, Matsuno Y, Hatanaka Y, Hirano S, Sonoshita M. Concurrent targeting of GSK3 and MEK as a therapeutic strategy to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1333-1345. [PMID: 38320747 PMCID: PMC11007052 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, drug discovery for PDAC treatment has proven complicated, leading to stagnant therapeutic outcomes. Here, we identify Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) as a therapeutic target through a whole-body genetic screening utilizing a '4-hit' Drosophila model mimicking the PDAC genotype. Reducing the gene dosage of GSK3 in a whole-body manner or knocking down GSK3 specifically in transformed cells suppressed 4-hit fly lethality, similar to Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), the therapeutic target in PDAC we have recently reported. Consistently, a combination of the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 and the MEK inhibitor trametinib suppressed the phosphorylation of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as well as the growth of orthotopic human PDAC xenografts in mice. Additionally, reducing PLK1 genetically in 4-hit flies rescued their lethality. Our results reveal a therapeutic vulnerability in PDAC that offers a treatment opportunity for patients by inhibiting multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Fukuda
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Shinya Kosuge
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sho Sekiya
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Ryodai Yamamura
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takako Ooshio
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Taiga Hirata
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Reo Sato
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kanako C. Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Tomoko Mitsuhashi
- Department of Surgical PathologyHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical PathologyHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
- Research Division of Genome Companion DiagnosticsHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery IIHokkaido University Faculty of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Masahiro Sonoshita
- Division of Biomedical Oncology, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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2
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Li J, Wu X, Ji XB, He C, Xu S, Xu X. Biphasic function of GSK3β in gefitinib‑resistant NSCLC with or without EGFR mutations. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:488. [PMID: 37745038 PMCID: PMC10515113 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib, are effective in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR mutations. However, the mechanism underlying acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs remains largely unknown. Therefore, the present study generated gefitinib-resistant PC-9 (PC-9G) cells, which were revealed to be more resistant to gefitinib-induced reductions in proliferation, migration and invasion, and increases in apoptosis, and had no detectable EGFR mutations compared with the control PC-9 cell line. In addition, the present study performed genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes between PC-9 and PC-9G cell lines. Cell proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration and flow cytometry analyses were also performed. The genome-wide transcriptomic analysis revealed that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was downregulated in PC-9G cells compared with that in PC-9 cells. Furthermore, GSK3β overexpression increased the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-9 and H1975 gefitinib-resistant cells. Conversely, overexpression of GSK3β suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of PC-9G cells. Furthermore, AKT inhibition reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced the apoptosis of PC-9, PC-9G and H1975 cells, the effects of which were reversed following AKT activation; notably, the tumor suppressor function of GSK3β was inconsistent with the tumor promotor role of the AKT pathway in PC-9G cells without EGFR mutation. The present study may provide novel insights into the distinctive role of GSK3β in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC with or without EGFR mutations, suggesting that a more detailed investigation on GSK3β as a therapeutic target for gefitinib-resistant NSCLC may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Xiayu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bo Ji
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Changhao He
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianhua Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570312, P.R. China
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3
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An Overview on Taxol Production Technology and Its Applications as Anticancer Agent. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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The Proliferation of Pre-Pubertal Porcine Spermatogonia in Stirred Suspension Bioreactors Is Partially Mediated by the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413549. [PMID: 34948348 PMCID: PMC8708394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Male survivors of childhood cancer are at risk of suffering from infertility in adulthood because of gonadotoxic chemotherapies. For adult men, sperm collection and preservation are routine procedures prior to treatment; however, this is not an option for pre-pubertal children. From young boys, a small biopsy may be taken before chemotherapy, and spermatogonia may be propagated in vitro for future transplantation to restore fertility. A robust system that allows for scalable expansion of spermatogonia within a controlled environment is therefore required. Stirred suspension culture has been applied to different types of stem cells but has so far not been explored for spermatogonia. Here, we report that pre-pubertal porcine spermatogonia proliferate more in bioreactor suspension culture, compared with static culture. Interestingly, oxygen tension provides an avenue to modulate spermatogonia status, with culture under 10% oxygen retaining a more undifferentiated state and reducing proliferation in comparison with the conventional approach of culturing under ambient oxygen levels. Spermatogonia grown in bioreactors upregulate the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway, which, along with enhanced gas and nutrient exchange observed in bioreactor culture, may synergistically account for higher spermatogonia proliferation. Therefore, stirred suspension bioreactors provide novel platforms to culture spermatogonia in a scalable manner and with minimal handling.
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Harrington CT, Sotillo E, Dang CV, Thomas-Tikhonenko A. Tilting MYC toward cancer cell death. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:982-994. [PMID: 34481764 PMCID: PMC8541926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MYC oncoprotein promotes cell proliferation and serves as the key driver in many human cancers; therefore, considerable effort has been expended to develop reliable pharmacological methods to suppress its expression or function. Despite impressive progress, MYC-targeting drugs have not reached the clinic. Recent advances suggest that within a limited expression range unique to each tumor, MYC oncoprotein can have a paradoxical, proapoptotic function. Here we introduce a counterintuitive idea that modestly and transiently elevating MYC levels could aid chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and thus benefit the patients as much, if not more than MYC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen T Harrington
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA
| | - Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko
- Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Russi S, Sgambato A, Bochicchio AM, Zoppoli P, Aieta M, Capobianco AML, Ruggieri V, Zifarone E, Falco G, Laurino S. CHIR99021, trough GSK-3β Targeting, Reduces Epithelioid Sarcoma Cell Proliferation by Activating Mitotic Catastrophe and Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011147. [PMID: 34681807 PMCID: PMC8538073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma (ES) is a rare disease representing <1% of soft tissue sarcomas. Current therapies are based on anthracycline alone or in combination with ifosfamide or other cytotoxic drugs. ES is still characterized by a poor prognosis with high rates of recurrence. Indeed, for years, ES survival rates have remained stagnant, suggesting that conventional treatments should be revised and improved. New therapeutic approaches are focused to target the key regulators of signaling pathways, the causative markers of tumor pathophysiology. To this end, we selected, among the drugs to which an ES cell line is highly sensitive, those that target signaling pathways known to be dysregulated in ES. In particular, we found a key role for GSK-3β, which results in up-regulation in tumor versus normal tissue samples and associated to poor prognosis in sarcoma patients. Following this evidence, we evaluated CHIR99021, a GSK-3 inhibitor, as a potential drug for use in ES therapy. Our data highlight that, in ES cells, CHIR99021 induces cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe (MC) and autophagic response, resulting in reduced cell proliferation. Our results support the potential efficacy of CHIR99021 in ES treatment and encourage further preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Anna Maria Bochicchio
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Michele Aieta
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Alba Maria Lucia Capobianco
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
- UOC Clinical Pathology, Altamura Hospital, 70022 Altamura, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zifarone
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Biogem—Istituto di Biologia e Genetica Molecolare, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Laurino
- IRCCS CROB—Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, 85028 Rionero in Vulture, Italy; (S.R.); (A.S.); (A.M.B.); (P.Z.); (M.A.); (A.M.L.C.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (S.L.)
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7
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Abreu de Oliveira WA, Moens S, El Laithy Y, van der Veer BK, Athanasouli P, Cortesi EE, Baietti MF, Koh KP, Ventura JJ, Amant F, Annibali D, Lluis F. Wnt/β-Catenin Inhibition Disrupts Carboplatin Resistance in Isogenic Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705384. [PMID: 34367990 PMCID: PMC8340846 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, characterized by limited treatment options and higher relapse rates than hormone-receptor-positive breast cancers. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for TNBC, and platinum salts have been explored as a therapeutic alternative in neo-adjuvant and metastatic settings. However, primary and acquired resistance to chemotherapy in general and platinum-based regimens specifically strongly hampers TNBC management. In this study, we used carboplatin-resistant in vivo patient-derived xenograft and isogenic TNBC cell-line models and detected enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity correlating with an induced expression of stem cell markers in both resistant models. In accordance, the activation of canonical Wnt signaling in parental TNBC cell lines increases stem cell markers' expression, formation of tumorspheres and promotes carboplatin resistance. Finally, we prove that Wnt signaling inhibition resensitizes resistant models to carboplatin both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the synergistic use of Wnt inhibitors and carboplatin as a therapeutic option in TNBC. Here we provide evidence for a prominent role of Wnt signaling in mediating resistance to carboplatin, and we establish that combinatorial targeting of Wnt signaling overcomes carboplatin resistance enhancing chemotherapeutic drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stijn Moens
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Lab 3000, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bernard K van der Veer
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Developmental Epigenetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Athanasouli
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Elsa Cortesi
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research - Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kian Peng Koh
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Developmental Epigenetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Juan-Jose Ventura
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research - Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Lab 3000, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute (AvL-NKI), University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Lab 3000, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Stem Cell Institute, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Cinetto F, Ceccato J, Caputo I, Cangiano D, Montini B, Lunardi F, Piazza M, Agostini C, Calabrese F, Semenzato G, Rattazzi M, Gurrieri C, Scarpa R, Felice C, Vianello F. GSK-3 Inhibition Modulates Metalloproteases in a Model of Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:633054. [PMID: 34235177 PMCID: PMC8255387 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.633054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is mainly characterized by aberrant extracellular matrix deposition, consequent to epithelial lung injury and myofibroblast activation, and inflammatory response. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine-threonine kinase involved in several pathways, and its inhibition has been already suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF patients. There is evidence that GSK-3 is able to induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and that its inhibition modulates MMP expression in the tissues. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of GSK-3 and its inhibition in the modulation of MMP-9 and -2 in an in vivo mouse model of lung fibrosis and in vitro using different cell lines exposed to pro-inflammatory or pro-fibrotic stimuli. We found that GSK-3 inhibition down-modulates gene expression and protein levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in inflammatory cells harvested from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice treated with bleomycin as well as in interstitial alveolar macrophages and cuboidalized epithelial alveolar cells. To the same extent, GSK-3 inhibition blunted the increased MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity induced by pro-fibrotic stimuli in a human lung fibroblast cell line. Moreover, the αSMA protein level, a marker of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition involved in fibrosis, was decreased in primary fibroblasts treated with TGFβ following GSK-3 inhibition. Our results confirm the implication of GSK-3 in lung inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that it might play its role by modulating MMP expression and activity but also pushing fibroblasts toward a myofibroblast phenotype and therefore enhancing extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, its inhibition could represent a possible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cinetto
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceccato
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Caputo
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Cangiano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Montini
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP) Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Piazza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostini
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Scarpa
- Internal Medicine and Allergology and Clinical Immunology Units, Treviso Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Carla Felice
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Shi J, Yang F, Zhou N, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Prelaj A, Malhotra J, Normanno N, Danese E, Cardona AF, Hong X, Jiang G, Song X. Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1 (ISOC1) participates in DNA damage repair and inflammation-related pathways to promote lung cancer development. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1444-1456. [PMID: 33889521 PMCID: PMC8044495 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of novel molecular targets has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of lung cancer in recent years. Isochorismatase domain-containing protein 1 (ISOC1) has been reported as a potential biomarker in gastrointestinal cancer, while its function in lung cancer has not been determined. METHODS The expression levels and prognostic significance of ISOC1 were assessed using bioinformatic analysis. Overexpression of ISOC1 and miR-4633, and knockdown of ISOC1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines were generated by lentiviral infection with overexpressed or shRNA plasmids. CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to knockout ISOC1 in A549 cells. The functions of ISOC1 and miR-4633 in lung cancer development were investigated using cell proliferation, migration, and invasion assays. Xenograft tumor growth assays in nude mice were further assessed the effect of ISOC1 in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC in vivo. Cell cycle distribution analysis was performed to uncover the underlying mechanism of ISOC1 and miR-4633 in promoting NSCLC cell proliferation. Co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing were performed to uncover the potential mechanism of ISOC1 in lung cancer development. RESULTS Our results found that ISOC1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and that increased expression of ISOC1 was significantly associated with worse disease-free survival in NSCLC patients. Overexpression of ISOC1 could increase the proliferation, viability, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, miR-4633, located in the first intron of ISOC1, could also promote tumor cell progression and metastasis. Mice xenograft tumor assay showed that knockout of ISOC1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Besides, co-immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry assay revealed that ISOC1 interacted with the proteins of DNA damage repair pathways and that upregulated ISOC1 expression could significantly increase the number of DNA damage lesions. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the downstream signaling pathways mediated by ISOC1 were mainly inflammation-related. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that ISOC1 and its intronic miR-4633, both of them could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression. ISOC1 participates in DNA damage repair and inflammation to promote lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanfeng Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy;,Department of Electronics, Information, and Bioengineering, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Jyoti Malhotra
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS—“Fondazione G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa Danese
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrés F. Cardona
- Foundation for Clinical and Applied Cancer Research-FICMAC/Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Clínica del Country/Molecular Oncology and Biology Systems Research Group (Fox-G), El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Xuan Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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10
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Allen SD, Liu X, Jiang J, Liao YP, Chang CH, Nel AE, Meng H. Immune checkpoint inhibition in syngeneic mouse cancer models by a silicasome nanocarrier delivering a GSK3 inhibitor. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120635. [PMID: 33422940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint blocking antibodies that interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis provide effective cancer immunotherapy for tumors that are immune inflamed or induced to become "hot". It has also been demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of the signaling hub kinase GSK3 can interfere in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in T-cells by suppressing PD-1 expression. This provides an alternative approach to intervening in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to provide cancer immunotherapy. In this communication, we demonstrate the remote loading of GSK3 inhibitor AZD1080 into the porous interior of mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with a lipid bilayer (a.k.a. silicasomes). In a MC38 colon cancer model, intravenous injection (IV) of silicasome-encapsulated AZD1080 significantly improved biodistribution and drug delivery to the tumor site. The improved drug delivery was accompanied by cytotoxic MC38 tumor cell killing by perforin-releasing CD8+ T-cells, exhibiting reduced PD-1 expression. IV injection of encapsulated AZD1080 also resulted in significant tumor shrinkage in other syngeneic mouse tumor models, including another colorectal tumor (CT26), as well as pancreas (KPC) and lung (LLC) cancer models. Not only was the therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated AZD1080 similar or better than anti-PD-1 antibody, but the treatment was devoid of treatment toxicity. These results provide proof-of-principal demonstration of the feasibility of using encapsulated delivery of a GSK3 inhibitor to provide cancer immunotherapy, with the possibility to be used as a monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or other immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Allen
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andre E Nel
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of NanoMedicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Cancer Biology and Treatment. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061388. [PMID: 32503133 PMCID: PMC7349761 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with more than 100 substrates and interacting molecules. GSK3β is normally active in cells and negative regulation of GSK3β activity via phosphorylation of its serine 9 residue is required for most normal cells to maintain homeostasis. Aberrant expression and activity of GSK3β contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of common recalcitrant diseases such as glucose intolerance, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Despite recognized roles against several proto-oncoproteins and mediators of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, deregulated GSK3β also participates in tumor cell survival, evasion of apoptosis, proliferation and invasion, as well as sustaining cancer stemness and inducing therapy resistance. A therapeutic effect from GSK3β inhibition has been demonstrated in 25 different cancer types. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that GSK3β inhibition protects normal cells and tissues from the harmful effects associated with conventional cancer therapies. Here, we review the evidence supporting aberrant GSK3β as a hallmark property of cancer and highlight the beneficial effects of GSK3β inhibition on normal cells and tissues during cancer therapy. The biological rationale for targeting GSK3β in the treatment of cancer is also discussed at length.
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Targeting GSK3 and Associated Signaling Pathways Involved in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051110. [PMID: 32365809 PMCID: PMC7290852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine (S/T) protein kinase. Although GSK-3 originally was identified to have functions in regulation of glycogen synthase, it was subsequently determined to have roles in multiple normal biochemical processes as well as various disease conditions. GSK-3 is sometimes referred to as a moonlighting protein due to the multiple substrates and processes which it controls. Frequently, when GSK-3 phosphorylates proteins, they are targeted for degradation. GSK-3 is often considered a component of the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/GSK-3/mTORC1 pathway as GSK-3 is frequently phosphorylated by AKT which regulates its inactivation. AKT is often active in human cancer and hence, GSK-3 is often inactivated. Moreover, GSK-3 also interacts with WNT/β-catenin signaling and β-catenin and other proteins in this pathway are targets of GSK-3. GSK-3 can modify NF-κB activity which is often expressed at high levels in cancer cells. Multiple pharmaceutical companies developed small molecule inhibitors to suppress GSK-3 activity. In addition, various natural products will modify GSK-3 activity. This review will focus on the effects of small molecule inhibitors and natural products on GSK-3 activity and provide examples where these compounds were effective in suppressing cancer growth.
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