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Shaka MF, Megerso F, Ami B, Daud HA. Index case testing uptake and determinants among HIV clients attending Shashemene town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2025; 15:18712. [PMID: 40436934 PMCID: PMC12119822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-02112-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2025] [Indexed: 06/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia adopted the 95-95-95 strategy as part of the National Strategic Plan to end HIV/AIDS by 2030. The HIV seronegative partners of people living with HIV, children whose parents with HIV, and families of index clients are at higher risk of contracting HIV infection. Hence, partner and family-based index testing of these groups is a key public health intervention for HIV prevention, care, and treatment. This study aims to determine the magnitude of partner and family-based index case testing of HIV and its associated factors. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 336 HIV patients currently attending antiretroviral therapy in Shashemene Town, from February 12 to March 20, 2022. Data was collected using pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaires. The collected data was entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Logistic regression analyses was used to identify factors associated with family-based index case HIV testing after controlling for possible confounders. The strength of association was assessed by using an adjusted odds ratio with their corresponding confidence interval, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05. Out of 336 respondents included in the study, the proportion of HIV-positive clients who have tested at least one family member through index case testing was 63.7% (95% CI: 58.5-69%). The odds of family-based HIV index case testing was lower among those who stayed on antiretroviral therapy for less than 1 year (AOR: 0.05, 95%CI: (0.02-0.15)], index cases who didn't disclose their HIV status to any family members [AOR: 0.06, 95%CI: (0.02-0.14)] and those having no child [AOR: 0.10, 95%CI: (0.03-0.30)]. On the other hand, for those who didn't report an incident of stigma, the odds of testing at least one family member through the index case testing strategy is about 13 times higher when compared to those who reported an incident of stigma [AOR: 13.11, 95%CI: (2.58-66.74)]. The findings revealed that the index case testing practice was relatively lower when compared to the reports from other areas and when seen through the lens of the three 95 targets. The practice of index case testing is significantly associated with HIV disclosure status, months on antiretroviral therapy, having children, and incidents of stigma. It is essential to sustain the platform of family-based index case testing service through strengthening assisted disclosure counseling, and still further work is needed to combat the stigma related to HIV status. Due focus also needs to be given to those who are newly enrolled in antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Feyisso Shaka
- School of Public Health, Shashamene Campus, Madda Walabu University, Shashemene, Ethiopia.
| | - Furi Megerso
- Arsi Nagele Health Office, Arsi Nagele, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Bonso Ami
- School of Public Health, Shashamene Campus, Madda Walabu University, Shashemene, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Abdulhakim Daud
- Radiology Department, Guoyaodongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, China
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Boakye DS, Kumah E, Adjorlolo S. Policies and Practices Facilitating Access to and Uptake of HIV Testing Services among Adolescents in Sub-Sahara Africa: A Narrative Review. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2024; 21:220-236. [PMID: 38814361 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-024-00701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Expanding access to HIV testing services and linking newly diagnosed positive adolescents to antiretroviral therapy is critical to epidemic control. However, testing coverage and treatment initiation rates continue to lag behind adult counterparts. This article synthesizes evidence on facilitative policies and service delivery practices focused on adolescents to inform programming. RECENT FINDINGS Our narrative review found that national policies are growing more adolescent-inclusive but barriers around the age of consent, waiver frameworks and dissemination constrain translate into practice. Facility-based provider-initiated testing through integrated sexual health services and dedicated youth centres demonstrates uptake effectiveness if confidentiality and youth-friendly adaptations are assured. Supportive policies, youth-responsive adaptations across testing models and strengthening age-disaggregated monitoring are vital to improving adolescents' engagement across the HIV testing and treatment cascade. Further implementation research is imperative to expand the reach of adolescent HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Serwaa Boakye
- Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, P.O. Box 25, South Campus.
| | - Emmanuel Kumah
- Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, P.O. Box 25, South Campus
| | - Samuel Adjorlolo
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Research and Grant Institute of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Tassembédo S, Traoré IT, Traoré-Barro M, Diallo I, Maré D, Diallo-Barry F, Rajaonarivelo C, Coulibaly B, Nikiema A, Poda A, Vande Perre P, Nagot N. Using adult care visits to diagnose HIV infection in children, Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ 2024; 102:187-195. [PMID: 38420571 PMCID: PMC10898281 DOI: 10.2471/blt.23.289606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the feasibility, positivity rate and cost of offering child testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to mothers living with HIV attending outpatient clinics in Burkina Faso. Methods We conducted this implementation study in nine outpatient clinics between October 2021 and June 2022. We identified all women ≤ 45 years who were attending these clinics for their routine HIV care and who had at least one living child aged between 18 months and 5 years whose HIV status was not known. We offered these mothers an HIV test for their child at their next outpatient visit. We calculated intervention uptake, HIV positivity rate and costs. Findings Of 799 eligible children, we tested 663 (83.0%) and identified 16 new HIV infections: 2.5% (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.5-4.1). Compared with HIV-negative children, significantly more HIV-infected children were breastfed beyond 12 months (P-value: 0.003) and they had not been tested before (P-value: 0.003). A significantly greater proportion of mothers of HIV-infected children were unaware of the availability of child testing at 18 months (P-value: < 0.001) and had more recently learnt their HIV status (P-value: 0.01) than mothers of HIV-negative children. The intervention cost 98.1 United States dollars for one child testing HIV-positive. Barriers to implementing this strategy included shortages of HIV tests, increased workload for health-care workers and difficulty accessing children not living with their mothers. Conclusion Testing HIV-exposed children through their mothers in outpatient clinics is feasible and effective in a low HIV-prevalence setting such as Burkina Faso. Implementation of this strategy to detect undiagnosed HIV-infected children is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Tassembédo
- Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulassso, Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Muraz 2054 Avenue Mamadou Konate, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Makoura Traoré-Barro
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ismael Diallo
- Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Fatimata Diallo-Barry
- Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale de Pissy, Direction Régionale de la Santé du Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Bethem Coulibaly
- Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale de Dafra, Direction Régionale de la Santé des Hauts-Bassins, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Amélie Nikiema
- Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale de Do, Direction Régionale de la Santé des Hauts-Bassins, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Armel Poda
- Département de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Philippe Vande Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Montpellier University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Montpellier University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
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Hussen MA, Kadire D, Kefeni BT, Abdu Z, Chilo E. Index Case HIV Testing Uptake and its Associated Factors at Oromia, Ethiopia. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2024; 23:23259582241274028. [PMID: 39129380 PMCID: PMC11320704 DOI: 10.1177/23259582241274028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of index case testing increased the risk of contracting HIV among the families of index clients, partners, and biological children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of index case HIV testing uptake and its associated factors at Oromia, Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A face-to-face interviewer administered structured questionnaire and chart review checklist were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regressions were executed and statistical significance was declared at P < .05. RESULTS The prevalence of index case testing was 80.2%. Factors associated with index case HIV testing uptake included HIV status disclosure (AOR = 5.4, 95% CI: 2.1, 14.0), discussed about HIV with family (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.5), counseling of the index case (AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: 1.7, 10.6), perceived benefit of the index case tested (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.5, 8.7), being on ART 12 months or more (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 6.1), and maintained privacy (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 7.1). CONCLUSIONS The uptake of index case HIV testing was moderately high. Additionally, factors such as HIV status disclosure, discussion of HIV with family, counseling of the index case, perception of the benefits of HIV testing for the index case, duration of clients on ART, and privacy maintenance during service delivery were significantly associated with index case HIV testing. To enhance index case testing, it is crucial to raise awareness and ensure client privacy during the initial HTC visit. Encouraging HIV status disclosure through discussion and promoting adherence to HIV medication is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustefa Adem Hussen
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Dawud Kadire
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Zakir Abdu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Chilo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Mattu University, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Bekele A, Hrapcak S, Mohammed JA, Yimam JA, Tilahun T, Antefe T, Kumssa H, Kassa D, Mengistu S, Mirkovic K, Dziuban EJ, Belay Z, Ross C, Teferi W. Rates of confirmatory HIV testing, linkage to HIV services, and rapid initiation of antiretroviral treatment among newly diagnosed children living with HIV in Ethiopia: perspectives from caregivers and healthcare workers. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:736. [PMID: 36572846 PMCID: PMC9791729 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful linkage to HIV services and initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) for children living with HIV (CLHIV) is critical to improve pediatric ART coverage. We aimed to assess confirmatory testing, linkage, and rapid ART initiation among newly diagnosed CLHIV in Ethiopia from the perspectives of caregivers and healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS We conducted standardized surveys with HCWs and caregivers of children 2-14 years who were diagnosed with HIV but not yet on ART who had been identified during a cross-sectional study in Ethiopia from May 2017-March 2018. Eight health facilities based on their HIV caseload and testing volume and 21 extension sites were included. Forty-one children, 34 care givers and 40 healthcare workers were included in this study. Three months after study enrollment, caregivers were surveyed about timing and experiences with HIV service enrollment, confirmatory testing, and ART initiation. Data collected from HCWs included perceptions of confirmatory testing in CLHIV before ART initiation. SPSS was used to conduct descriptive statistics. RESULTS The majority of the 41 CLHIV were enrolled to HIV services (n = 34, 83%) and initiated ART by three months (n = 32, 94%). Median time from diagnosis to ART initiation was 12 days (interquartile range 5-18). Five children died before the follow-up interview. Confirmatory HIV testing was conducted in 34 children and found no discordant results; the majority (n = 23, 68%) received it within one week of HIV diagnosis. Almost all HCWs (n = 39/40, 98%) and caregivers (n = 31/34, 91%) felt better/the same about test results after conducting confirmatory testing. CONCLUSION Opportunities remain to strengthen linkage for newly diagnosed CLHIV in Ethiopia through intensifying early follow-up to ensure prompt confirmatory testing and rapid ART initiation. Additional services could help caregivers with decision-making around treatment initiation for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Hrapcak
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | - Tsegaye Tilahun
- United States Agency for International Development, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Hanna Kumssa
- Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Desta Kassa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kelsey Mirkovic
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric J Dziuban
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zena Belay
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine Ross
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimu Teferi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wang J, Mugo C, Omondi VO, Njuguna IN, Maleche-Obimbo E, Inwani I, Hughes JP, Slyker JA, John-Stewart G, Wamalwa D, Wagner AD. Home-based HIV Testing for Children: A Useful Complement for Caregivers with More Children, Who are Male, and with an HIV Negative Partner. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:3045-3055. [PMID: 35306611 PMCID: PMC9378682 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Expanding index and family-based testing (HBT) is a priority for identifying children living with HIV. Our study characterizes predictors that drive testing location choice for children of parents living with HIV. Kenyan adults living with HIV were offered a choice of HBT or clinic-based testing (CBT) for any of their children (0-12 years) of unknown HIV status. Multilevel generalized linear models were used to identify correlates of choosing HBT or CBT for children and testing all versus some children within a family, including caregiver demographics, HIV history, social support, cost, and child demographics and HIV prevention history. Among 244 caregivers living with HIV and their children of unknown HIV status, most (72%) caregivers tested children using CBT. In multivariate analysis, female caregivers [aRR 0.52 (95% CI 0.34-0.80)] were less likely to choose HBT than male caregivers. Caregivers with more children requiring testing [aRR 1.23 (95% CI 1.05-1.44)] were more likely to choose HBT than those with fewer children requiring testing. In subgroup univariate analysis, female caregivers with a known HIV negative spouse were significantly more likely to choose HBT over CBT than those with a known HIV positive spouse [RR 2.57 (95% CI 1.28-5.14), p = 0.008], no association was found for male caregivers. Child demographics and clinical history was not associated with study outcomes. Caregiver-specific factors were more influential than child-specific factors in caregiver choice of pediatric HIV testing location. Home-based testing may be preferable to families with higher child care needs and may encourage pediatric HIV testing if offered as an alternative to clinic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | - Cyrus Mugo
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Irene N Njuguna
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Irene Inwani
- Pediatrics, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James P Hughes
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jennifer A Slyker
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Grace John-Stewart
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Dalton Wamalwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anjuli D Wagner
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Vasantharoopan A, Maheswaran H, Simms V, Dziva Chikwari C, Chigwenah T, Chikodzore R, Nyathi K, Ncube G, Ferrand RA, Guinness L. A costing analysis of B-GAP: index-linked HIV testing for children and adolescents in Zimbabwe. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1082. [PMID: 34641871 PMCID: PMC8507161 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background By testing children and adolescents of HIV positive caretakers, index-linked HIV testing, a targeted HIV testing strategy, has the ability to identify high risk children and adolescents earlier and more efficiently, compared to blanket testing. We evaluated the incremental cost of integrating index-linked HIV testing via three modalities into HIV services in Zimbabwe. Methods A mixture of bottom-up and top-down costing was employed to estimate the provider cost per test and per HIV diagnosis for 2–18 year olds, through standard of care testing, and the incremental cost of index-linked HIV testing via three modalities: facility-based testing, home-based testing by a healthcare worker, and testing at home by the caregiver using an oral mucosal transudate test. In addition to interviews, direct observation and study process data, facility registries were abstracted to extract outcome data and resource use. Costs were converted to 2019 constant US$. Results The average cost per standard of care test in urban facilities was US$5.91 and US$7.15 at the rural facility. Incremental cost of an index-linked HIV test was driven by the uptake and number of participants tested. The lowest cost approach in the urban setting was home-based testing (US$6.69) and facility-based testing at the rural clinic (US$5.36). Testing by caregivers was almost always the most expensive option (rural US$62.49, urban US$17.49). Conclusions This is the first costing analysis of index-linked HIV testing strategies. Unit costs varied across sites and with uptake. When scaling up, alternative testing solutions that increase efficiency such as index-linked HIV testing of the entire household, as opposed to solely targeting children/adolescents, need to be explored. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07070-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Vasantharoopan
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Victoria Simms
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Chido Dziva Chikwari
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tariro Chigwenah
- Health Economics Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rudo Chikodzore
- Matebeleland South, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Khulamuzi Nyathi
- City Health Department, Bulawayo City Council, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Lorna Guinness
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Neary J, Wagner AD, Omondi V, Otieno V, Mugo C, Wamalwa DC, Maleche-Obimbo E, John-Stewart GC, Slyker JA, Njuguna IN. Male Caregiver Barriers to HIV Index Case Testing of Untested Children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:e229-e231. [PMID: 33633034 PMCID: PMC8500355 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Index case testing (ICT) for children—testing children of HIV-positive index adults—reveals a high prevalence of undiagnosed pediatric HIV; however, uptake of ICT is sub-optimal. Methods: During recruitment for a randomized trial (NCT03049917 ), data were collected from sequential clients attending HIV care regarding whether they had children ages 0–12 years of unknown HIV status. We assessed male caregiver barriers to ICT and identified reasons children could not be tested for HIV through ICT. Results: A higher proportion of males receiving HIV care reported untested children ≤12 years of age (7% [483/7,267]) compared to females (2% [358/15,008]; p<0.001). Among caregivers with untested children ≤12 years, 34% (166/483) of males and 89% (320/358) of females were eligible for ICT (p<0.001). Among caregivers who were ineligible for ICT, 29% (141/483) of male and 9% (31/358) of female caregivers were ineligible for ICT due to inability to physically access their children (p<0.001). A higher proportion of males than females did not have access to their children due to separation or divorce (82% [116/141] vs. 52% [16/31]). Overall, a higher proportion of male caregivers declined participation in the trial compared to females (11% [19/166] vs. 5% [15/320]; p=0.006), with 47% (9/19) of those males declining participation because they wanted to consult with their partner compared to 7% (1/15) of female caregivers (p=0.010). Conclusion: As programs scale up ICT, male caregiver barriers to ICT must be addressed to effectively reach untested children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent Omondi
- Kenya Pediatric Research Consortium, Kenya Pediatric Association, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Verlinda Otieno
- Kenya Pediatric Research Consortium, Kenya Pediatric Association, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Cyrus Mugo
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dalton C Wamalwa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Grace C John-Stewart
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer A Slyker
- Departments of Epidemiology
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Irene N Njuguna
- Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Research and Programs, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
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9
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Adetoro D, Khamofu H, Badru T, Markson J, Adedokun O, Sandah-Abubakar N, Dafa I, Chen M, Chiegil R, Torpey K. Correlates of uptake of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state, Nigeria: a secondary data analysis of the Akwa-Ibom aids indicator survey, 2017. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:33. [PMID: 33435898 PMCID: PMC7802279 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In order to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, there is a need to significantly reduce the rate of new infection among children and young adolescents. Identifying the correlates of testing behaviour is necessary to improve HIV testing campaigns by refining messages that target individuals in this age group. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of HIV testing among children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom, Nigeria. Methods The outcome was a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Akwa-Ibom AIDS Indicator Survey. Data of 4037 children and young adolescents aged 0–14 years was assessed in this study. Analysis was done using STATA version 16. Chi-squared test and logistic regression models were used to measure association and its strength between uptake of HIV testing and some independent variables (child/caregiver’s age, sex, educational status, child’s location, caregiver’s knowledge of HIV and caregiver ever tested for HIV) at 5% significance level. Results Result showed that only 14.2% of the children and young adolescents have been tested for HIV. Previous history of blood transfusion (AOR = 5.33, 95%C.I = 2.60–10.92, P = < 0.001), caregiver’s level of education (AOR = 2.67, 95%C.I = 1.30–5.51, P = 0.008) and caregiver ever tested for HIV (AOR = 8.31, 95%C.I = 5.67–12.19, P = < 0.001) were significantly associated with uptake of HIV testing. Conclusion This study concludes that a large proportion of children and young adolescents in Akwa-Ibom state have never been tested for HIV. There is a need for HIV testing interventions to be targeted towards this age groups and their parents/guardian. Addressing the knowledge gap amongst caregivers especially in rural areas is crucial towards improving the effectiveness of HIV testing interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02495-5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ibrahim Dafa
- Achieving Health Nigeria Initiative, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Kwasi Torpey
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana.
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