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Wazaify M, Al-Khateeb Y, Khoshnood K, Muvvala SB, Minahan-Rowley R, Abu-Dahab R, Tetrault JM. Novel Elective Course on Substance Use for Pharmacy Students in Jordan. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2025; 89:101399. [PMID: 40158728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2025.101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this report is to describe the development, implementation, feasibility, and evaluation of a novel elective course on substance use for pharmacy students in Jordan. This was part of the Yale-University of Jordan (UJ) Joint Training Program in Addiction Medicine that was launched in 2021 to address the lack of addiction-specific training for health profession students. METHODS The course reflects a 15-week curriculum for fifth-year Doctor of Pharmacy and Bachelor of Pharmacy students. Activities include lecture-style presentations from Yale professors, UJ professors, and governmental organization employees, a joint discussion between Yale and UJ students, as well as a site visit to an addiction treatment program in Amman, Jordan. RESULTS A total of 99 students across 2-course cohorts (53 in 2022 and 46 in 2023) completed a pre- and post-assessment form that assessed knowledge and attitudes. The average knowledge score increased from 17.9 to 21.1 points out of 30. Positive change was seen in students' attitudes toward harm reduction, the need for free treatment for people who use substances, and the use of nonstigmatizing terminology when working with people who use substances. Moreover, the course got a high quality-assurance average rating of 4.20/5.00 compared with the University average of 3.5/5.0. CONCLUSION This course focused on the role of the Jordanian pharmacist in dealing with patients who may use substances and providing them with proper management, setting the stage for other similar courses on substance use for undergraduate pharmacy students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyada Wazaify
- The University of Jordan, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Yara Al-Khateeb
- The University of Jordan, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Kaveh Khoshnood
- Yale Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Srinivas B Muvvala
- Yale Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca Minahan-Rowley
- Yale Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rana Abu-Dahab
- The University of Jordan, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jeanette M Tetrault
- Yale Program in Addiction Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Amin IH, Massi MN, Wahyudin E, Bahar MA, Hadju V, Niamuzisilawati E, Munawwaroh M, Utami IN, Ardiansyah A, Alkaff SD, Arifin B. KOMPAK: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of an instrument for assessing interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and physicians in Indonesia. NARRA J 2025; 5:e1309. [PMID: 40352168 PMCID: PMC12059821 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Interprofessional collaboration is crucial for addressing the complexity of health problems, requiring contributions from various professions to enhance healthcare quality, improve patient satisfaction, and achieve better clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the physicians and pharmacists collaborative practice instrument, known as KOMPAK (Kolaborasi Medis Persepsi Apoteker dan Dokter/Medical Collaboration: Perceptions of Pharmacists and Physicians) for use in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted across the western, central, and eastern rigors of Indonesia, targeting physicians and pharmacists. The study included translation (forward and backward), cross-cultural adaptation (with 30 participants), and validation using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among 315 physicians and 315 pharmacists. The present study found no significant changes emerged during the translation and adaptation phases. In the validation phase, the CFA results for the physician instrument indicated a Comparative Fit Index (CFI) of 0.94 (>0.92), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) of 0.93 (>0.92), Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.055 (<0.07), Standardized Root Mean Residual (SRMR) of 0.07 (<0.08), and Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.88. The pharmacist instrument yielded similar results with a CFI of 0.94 (>0.92), TLI of 0.93 (>0.92), RMSEA of 0.06 (<0.07), SRMR of 0.05 (<0.08), and Cronbach's Alpha reliability of 0.83. The final instrument consists of 24 items. In conclusion, the KOMPAK instrument demonstrated validity and reliability, supporting its use for measuring interprofessional collaboration between physicians and pharmacists in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irnawati H. Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad N. Massi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Elly Wahyudin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad A. Bahar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Veni Hadju
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Eva Niamuzisilawati
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Makiyatul Munawwaroh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Surakarta Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ikrimah N. Utami
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Ardiansyah
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka, Kolaka, Indonesia
| | - Sylmina D. Alkaff
- Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bustanul Arifin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
- Unit of Global Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
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Owen-Boukra E, Cai Z, Duddy C, Fudge N, Hamer-Hunt J, Husson F, Mahtani KR, Ogden M, Swinglehurst D, Turner M, Whittlesea C, Wong G, Park S. Collaborative and integrated working between general practice and community pharmacies: A realist review of what works, for whom, and in which contexts. J Health Serv Res Policy 2025; 30:136-148. [PMID: 39444067 PMCID: PMC11877979 DOI: 10.1177/13558196241290923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Collaborative and integrated (C + I) working between general practice and community pharmacies has the potential to increase accessibility to services, improve service efficiency and quality of care, and reduce health care expenditures. Many existing studies report challenges and complexities inherent in establishing effective C + I ways of working. The aim of our review is to understand how, when and why working arrangements between General Practitioners (GP) and Community Pharmacists (CP) can provide the conditions necessary for effective communication, decision-making, and C + I working. METHODS We conducted a realist review to explore the key contextual factors and mechanisms through which GP-CP C + I working may be achieved. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, HMIC, Web of Science, IBSS, ASSIA, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database and the King's Fund Library Database were searched for articles and grey literature published between January 2000 and April 2022. RESULTS A total of 136 documents were included in the final synthesis. Our findings highlight the importance of mutually beneficial remuneration models to support effective integration of services; supportive organisational cultures and values; flexible and agile IT systems/technologies; adequate physical infrastructure and space design to support multidisciplinary teamworking; the importance of establishing patient's trust in collaborative processes between GP-CP; and the need to acknowledge, support and utilise effective triadic relationships. CONCLUSIONS Our research generates new insights regarding how, why and in which contexts C + I working can be achieved between GPs and CPs. The findings of our review can be used to inform future policy, research and clinical practice guidelines for designing and delivering C + I care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Owen-Boukra
- NIHR SPCR Research Fellow, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ziyue Cai
- NIHR SPCR Intern, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Duddy
- Pre-Doctoral Fellow, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nina Fudge
- THIS Institute Research Fellow and Lecturer, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Hamer-Hunt
- PPI Co-applicant, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fran Husson
- PPI Co-applicant, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kamal R Mahtani
- GP and Professor of Evidence Based Healthcare, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margaret Ogden
- PPI Co-applicant, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Deborah Swinglehurst
- GP and Professor of Primary Care, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm Turner
- PPI Co-applicant, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cate Whittlesea
- Professor of Pharmacy Practice and Director, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- GP and Associate Professor of Primary Care, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie Park
- GP and Professor of Primary Care and Clinical Education, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Honorary Professor of Primary Care and Medical Education, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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Li X, Yue X, Zhang L, Zheng X, Shang N. Pharmacist-led surgical medicines prescription optimization and prediction service improves patient outcomes - a machine learning based study. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1534552. [PMID: 40160467 PMCID: PMC11949800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1534552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Optimizing prescription practices for surgical patients is crucial due to the complexity and sensitivity of their medication regimens. To enhance medication safety and improve patient outcomes by introducing a machine learning (ML)-based warning model integrated into a pharmacist-led Surgical Medicines Prescription Optimization and Prediction (SMPOP) service. Method A retrospective cohort design with a prospective implementation phase was used in a tertiary hospital. The study was divided into three phases: (1) Data analysis and ML model development (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2022), (2) Establishment of a pharmacist-led management model (1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023), and (3) Outcome evaluation (1 April 2023 to 31 March 2024). Key variables, including gender, age, number of comorbidities, type of surgery, surgery complexity, days from hospitalization to surgery, type of prescription, type of medication, route of administration, and prescriber's seniority were collected. The data set was divided into training set and test set in the form of 8:2. The effectiveness of the SMPOP service was evaluated based on prescription appropriateness, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), length of hospital stay, total hospitalization costs, and medication expenses. Results In Phase 1, 6,983 prescriptions were identified as potential prescription errors (PPEs) for ML model development, with 43.9% of them accepted by prescribers. The Random Forest (RF) model performed the best (AUC = 0.893) and retained high accuracy with 12 features (AUC = 0.886). External validation showed an AUC of 0.786. In Phase 2, SMPOP services were implemented, which effectively promoted effective communication between pharmacists and physicians and ensured the successful implementation of intervention measures. The SMPOP service was fully implemented. In Phase 3, the acceptance rate of pharmacist recommendations rose to 71.3%, while the length of stay, total hospitalization costs, and medication costs significantly decreased (p < 0.05), indicating overall improvement compared to Phase 1. Conclusion SMPOP service enhances prescription appropriateness, reduces ADRs, shortens stays, and lowers costs, underscoring the need for continuous innovation in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiunan Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Adi AAK, Harhara T, Oyoun Alsoud L, Elhag SA, Benani I, Ibrahim H. Perceptions of an acute medical unit in internal medicine on interprofessional collaboration. J Interprof Care 2025; 39:186-191. [PMID: 39575554 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2024.2428967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 11/06/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2025]
Abstract
We aimed to assess perceptions about interprofessional collaboration (IPC) of healthcare professionals working in an acute medical unit (AMU) in an internal medicine department in the United Arab Emirates. The AMU provides care during the initial 24 to 72 hours of admission and emphasizes interprofessional collaboration. Using the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale II, the study measured partnership, cooperation, and coordination among team members. Between November 5, 2022, and January 5, 2023, 81 participants completed the survey, including physicians (n = 45; 55.5%), nurses (n = 18; 22.2%), and clinical and non-clinical allied health professionals (n = 18; 22.2%). On a Likert-type scale of one to five, most respondents perceived partnership, cooperation, and team coordination as good collaboration on the AMU, with mean scores of 4.29, 4.16, and 4.15, respectively. There was no significant difference between physicians' (4.18) and nurses' (4.45) perspectives of IPC on the AMU (p = .10), but physicians were less likely to notice collaborative practice changes compared to other professionals. Introducing IPC early in medical education might enhance future collaborative practice. This study sheds light on IPC in non-Western contexts and provides insights into how collaboration is perceived and practiced in diverse healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Al Kareem Adi
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thana Harhara
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leen Oyoun Alsoud
- Department of Medical Sciences, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shahad Abasaeed Elhag
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imane Benani
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halah Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Khalifa University College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Paneerselvam GS, Lee RW, Farrukh MJ, Alhamda YMA, Alsultan SM, Razi P, Goh KW, Ming LC. Pharmacist and veterinarian collaboration in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A veterinarians' perception. Heliyon 2024; 10:e38423. [PMID: 39430443 PMCID: PMC11489140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The collaboration between pharmacists and veterinarians plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal animal healthcare. Understanding the willingness of veterinarians to collaborate with pharmacists and analyzing the prescribing trends by veterinarians are essential factors in improving the quality of veterinary care. By analyzing these aspects, valuable insights can be gained to enhance interprofessional collaboration and optimize medication management in veterinary practice. Objectives To examine the willingness of veterinarians towards interprofessional collaboration with community pharmacist. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 veterinary clinics in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data was collected via online using Google Forms from registered veterinarians working in private veterinary clinics in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Descriptive statistics and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS version 27. Results The overall willingness of veterinarians to collaborate with community pharmacists was measured with a median score of 51 out of 75. The results indicated that 55 % of veterinarians demonstrated high willingness to collaborate. Specifically, 52.5 % of veterinarians had a positive attitude towards collaboration, 55 % recognized the roles of pharmacists positively, and 57.5 % identified barriers to collaboration. These findings highlight a generally positive inclination towards interprofessional collaboration among veterinarians. Conclusion More veterinarians demonstrated a positive willingness to collaborate with pharmacists for optimal patient care. However, several constraints were identified, including a lack of face-to-face communication, concerns about pharmacists' knowledge or skills in veterinary medicine, and financial interests. Addressing these issues could further enhance collaboration between veterinarians and pharmacist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Sritheran Paneerselvam
- School of Pharmacy, Digital Health and Innovations Impact Lab, Taylors University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ru Wei Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Digital Health and Innovations Impact Lab, Taylors University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Pakhrur Razi
- Center of Disaster Monitoring and Earth Observation, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
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Sharkas AR, Ali Sherazi B, Sayyed SA, Kinny F, Steichert M, Schwender H, Laeer S. Development and Evaluation of Interprofessional High-Fidelity Simulation Course on Medication Therapy Consultation for German Pharmacy and Medical Students-A Randomized Controlled Study. PHARMACY 2024; 12:128. [PMID: 39195857 PMCID: PMC11359710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12040128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a remarkable move towards interprofessional collaboration in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the care of comorbidities. In Germany, there has been a gradual increase in interprofessional learning in medical and pharmacy education, aiming to enhance patient care. To adapt the pharmacy curriculum for collaborative practice between pharmacy and medical students, we developed an immersive interprofessional collaboration course for pharmacy students using adult and pediatric high-fidelity simulators (HFS) to assess and train medication consultation skills. In a randomized controlled trial, we investigated whether interprofessional training between pharmacy and medical students results in differences in pharmacy students' performance of medication therapy consultation compared to the case of mono-professional training of pharmacy students only. Before and after inter/mono-professional training, each pharmacy student performed an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and completed a self-assessment questionnaire. Additionally, an attitude survey towards interprofessional learning was completed by pharmacy and medical students at the end of the training. As expected, interprofessional as well as mono-professional training showed a statistically significant increase in medication consultation skills. Of importance, the performance in the interprofessional training group was significantly better than in the mono-professional group, particularly in drug therapy counselling and consultation behaviors. There was a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in self-assessment scores, and all study participants had positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration and training. Therefore, interprofessional training using HFS has been shown to appropriately train pharmacy students for collaborative practice and consultation skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Reda Sharkas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Bushra Ali Sherazi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ahmad Sayyed
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Florian Kinny
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Melina Steichert
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie Laeer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (B.A.S.); (S.A.S.); (M.S.); (S.L.)
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Iheanacho CO, Tugbobo AO, Eze UIH. Pharmaceutical Care in Mental Health: Pharmacists' Barriers, Collaborations, Attitudes, and Perceptions. Hosp Pharm 2024; 59:444-452. [PMID: 38919761 PMCID: PMC11195836 DOI: 10.1177/00185787241229177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Pharmaceutical care is an essential component of mental healthcare. Objectives The study assessed pharmacists' collaborations, barriers, perceptions on therapeutic relationships and attitudes toward pharmaceutical care to persons with mental illness. Methods A questionnaire-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 175 pharmacists in a Nigerian state via purposive sampling. Average mean score of >3 (±SD) was considered positive attitude toward pharmaceutical care, and positive for respondents' perception of pharmacists-patient relationship during consultations. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 for descriptive statistics. Results A total of 140 (80.0%) respondents participated in the study. Access to patients' medical records 90 (64.3%) was the major barrier to the provision of pharmaceutical care to persons with mental illness. Almost half of the study participants 69 (49.3%) desired collaboration with only general practitioners and psychiatrists. Only 44 (31.4%) had full co-operation from their desired collaborators. Average score for respondents' attitude toward provision of pharmaceutical care to the patients, and perception of pharmacist-patient relationship were 4.5 (±0.7) and 3.8 (±0.9) respectively. Conclusions Study participants' attitude toward pharmaceutical care, and perception on therapeutic relationship in persons with mental disorder were positive. Lack of access to patients' records mostly hindered provision of pharmaceutical care, and full collaboration with other mental health experts was mostly lacking. Appropriate policies are required to improve these vital components of mental healthcare for desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinonyerem O. Iheanacho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Adepeju Oluwaseyi Tugbobo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna I. H. Eze
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Abdul Razzak HA, Syed Sulaiman SA, Khan AH, Thomas S. Attitudes of community pharmacists towards extending their professional roles in Oman. J Pharm Policy Pract 2024; 17:2367018. [PMID: 38952489 PMCID: PMC11216276 DOI: 10.1080/20523211.2024.2367018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last few decades, the pharmacy profession has witnessed a substantial evolution accompanied by the developing role of community pharmacists (CPs). Evidence indicates that extending the role of CPs contributes to fostering public health outcomes. However, in many countries, their role is still underused. To extend the role of CPs in Oman, it is crucial to understand their perception and determine the influences. Aim This study determines the willingness of CPs in Oman to extend their role and assess their perception towards barriers. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted across Oman using an online self-administered survey targeting CPs working in the private sector. Result Generally, respondents welcomed broadening their professional role. However, among the top perceived barriers were shortage of staff, insufficient training, lack of interconnection between CPs and physicians, and regulation constraints. Different socio-demographic characteristics of respondents showed a noticeable impact on their responses. Conclusion CPs welcomed extending their role. However, several obstacles were raised that need to be tackled to enable CPs to advance their role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sabin Thomas
- College of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Davis DD, Hale G, Moreau C, Joseph T, Perez A, Rosario E. Evaluating Pharmacist-Driven Interventions in a Primary Care Setting to Improve Proportion of Days Covered and Medication Adherence. J Pharm Pract 2024; 37:27-34. [PMID: 35981874 DOI: 10.1177/08971900221111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Medication nonadherence is the leading cause of poor health outcomes and increased risk of hospitalizations. Previous studies have shown that pharmacist interventions can help improve medication adherence and CMS quality measures. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of clinical pharmacists' interventions on medication adherence and PDC scores for ACEi/ARBs, statins, and noninsulin antidiabetic medications in the primary care setting. Methods: This observational study was conducted at four primary care clinics to evaluate PDC scores pre- and post-pharmacist interventions from April 2020 to December 2020. Eligible patients were Humana Part D beneficiaries with a baseline PDC score <85%. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the average change in final PDC scores, and 1-month change in PDC scores following a pharmacist intervention. Secondary outcomes were number and types of adherence barriers identified, interventions provided by the pharmacist, and barriers and interventions category (pharmacy, patient or physician-related). Results: A total of 89 barriers were identified and 208 interventions were completed. A statistically significant difference in the average change of final PDC score from baseline was seen among those on ACEi/ARBs (72.5 to 78.0, p = 0.004) and statins (73.3 to 76.6, p < 0.001). Similarly, a statistically significant change was observed from baseline to 1-month PDC among those on ACEi/ARBS (72.5 to 75.4, p = 0.001) and statins (73.3 to 74.9, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Pharmacists located in a primary care setting improved medication adherence and PDC score for patients on ACEIs/ARBs and statins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Genevieve Hale
- Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University West Palm Beach Student Educational Center, Palm Beach Gardens, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia Moreau
- Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tina Joseph
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra Perez
- Department of Sociobehavioral and Administrative Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Elaina Rosario
- Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Peled O, Vitzrabin Y, Beit Ner E, Lazaryan M, Berlin M, Barchel D, Berkovitch M, Beer Y, Tamir E. Acceptance rate of clinical pharmacists' recommendations-an ongoing journey for integration. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1253990. [PMID: 37781706 PMCID: PMC10535001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1253990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multidisciplinary expert team collaboration in the clinical setting, which includes clinical pharmacist involvement can facilitate significant improvements in outcomes and optimize patient management by preventing drug-related problems (DRP). This type of collaboration is particularly valuable in patients with multi-morbidity and polypharmacy such as diabetic foot patients. Evidence regarding the successful integration of a new clinical pharmacist, without previous experience into a unit is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to describe and evaluate the actual successful integration process of the clinical pharmacist into a diabetic foot unit by measuring the change in recommendation acceptance rate over time. Methods: A prospective, exploratory treatment effectiveness study based on the recommendation acceptance rate of a new clinical pharmacist introduced into the diabetic foot unit was conducted over a 9- month period. The clinical pharmacist identified medical and drug-related problems (DRP) or any discrepancies in the prescribing and administration of medications. Each identified DRP was documented and formulated as a recommendation by the clinical pharmacist. The main outcome measure was the acceptance rate of recommendations over time. Results: A total of 86 patients, of which 67% were men, averagely aged 66.5 (SD 11.8) years were evaluated. Calculated BMI was 30.2 (SD 6.2). The average number of medical diagnoses was 8.9 (SD3.2), and 11.1 (SD 3.7) prescribed drugs for each patient. Cardiovascular disease was presented by 95% (n = 82) of the patients and 33% of them (n = 28) had uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Averagely, 3.3 (SD 1.9) DRPs were identified pre patient. The efficacy-related DRP recommendation acceptance rate increased over the study period from 37.8% in the first 4 months to 79.4% after a period of 4.75 months. Safety-related DRP recommendation acceptance rate increased from 56% to 67.6%. Conclusion: Improved clinical outcomes and optimized pharmacologic patient management may be achieved by the successful integration of a clinical pharmacist into the team. This study provides evidence of the increasing recommendation acceptance rate of integrated, pharmacist-driven comprehensive medication management in an unexperienced unit. To overcome challenges, team members should collaborate to fully integrate the clinical pharmacist into the team-based structure and utilize proper strategies to minimize and transcend barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Peled
- Department of Pharmacy, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Yael Vitzrabin
- Pharmacy Department, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Beit Ner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Lazaryan
- Pharmacy Department, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Berlin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, The Andy Lebach Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Barchel
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, The Andy Lebach Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Matitiahu Berkovitch
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, The Andy Lebach Chair of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yiftah Beer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Tamir
- Diabetic Foot Unit, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Crafford L, Kusurkar RA, Bronkhorst E, Gous A, Wouters A. Understanding of healthcare professionals towards the roles and competencies of clinical pharmacists in South Africa. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 36978062 PMCID: PMC10044779 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incorporating clinical pharmacists in collaborative medical teams results in better patient treatment and health outcomes. In addition, the understanding of other healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards the role of clinical pharmacists can either facilitate or hinder the implementation and expansion of these services. The main distinction between pharmacists and clinical pharmacists lie in their different scope of duties. This study set out to explore other HCPs' understanding towards the role of the clinical pharmacists in South Africa, and to identify associated factors. METHODS An exploratory, survey-based, quantitative study was conducted. A survey assessing HCPs' understanding based on the competencies and role of a clinical pharmacist was distributed to 300 doctors, nurses, pharmacists and clinical pharmacists. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out to determine the construct validity of the measurement. Items were analysed for grouping into subscales through principal components analysis. Differences in the variable scores for gender, age, work experience and previous experience working with a clinical pharmacist were analyzed using independent t-tests. Analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in the variable scores for the different HCPs and the different departments of work in the hospital. RESULTS The factor analysis yielded two separate subscales, measuring HCPs' (n = 188) understanding towards the role of a clinical pharmacist, as well as the competencies of a clinical pharmacist. Doctors (85, n = 188) (p = 0.004) and nurses (76, n = 188) (p = 0.022), working in both surgical and non-surgical units, had significantly poorer understanding of the role of clinical pharmacists than clinical pharmacists (8, n = 188) and pharmacists (19, n = 188) (p = 0.028). Where specific clinical pharmacist activities were described, 5-16% of pharmacists were unsure whether an activity forms part of a clinical pharmacist's role. Over 50% of the clinical pharmacists disagreed that their role also includes pharmacist's activities, like stock procurement and control, pharmacy and administrative work, and hospital pharmacy-medication dispensing activities. CONCLUSION The findings highlighted the possible impact of role expectations and lack of understanding among HCPs. A standard job description with recognition from statutory bodies could promote other HCPs, as well as clinical pharmacists' understanding of their roles. Findings further suggested the need for interventions like interprofessional education opportunities, staff induction programmes and regular interprofessional meetings to foster acknowledgement of clinical pharmacy services, promoting the acceptance and growth of the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Crafford
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa.
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - R A Kusurkar
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! research institute for learning and education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Bronkhorst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - Ags Gous
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
| | - A Wouters
- Research in Education, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! research institute for learning and education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Ozbay N, King BS, Gothard MD, King CA. Assessing appropriate panel size and optimization of quality metrics for ambulatory care pharmacists in the primary care setting. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:e23-e28. [PMID: 36165085 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic disease state management utilizing pharmacists improves quality metrics, allows providers to focus on acute issues, and decreases physician burnout risk. Minimal data exist on pharmacist panel size and its impact. This study aimed to determine appropriate pharmacist panel size based on workload, quality metrics, and patient access. METHODS This study was a retrospective, multiclinic cohort analysis of patients with diabetes managed by pharmacists at 7 outpatient clinics. The primary objective calculated panel size per full-time equivalent (FTE) utilizing the National Health Interview Survey. Secondary objectives calculated the ideal FTE based on provider to pharmacist ratio and determined the impact of pharmacist panel size on patient access and quality metrics. RESULTS A total of 4,399 patients were analyzed from 2017 through 2019, with age (range, 57.4 to 62.6 years), sex (52.5% to 63.5% female), race (41.2% to 93.7% African American), insurance type (13.3% to 41% Medicaid), and mean number of medications (13.1 to 20.3) significantly different between sites. Primary outcome results showed that actual panel sizes were less than calculated. However, secondary outcomes indicated that each site was understaffed (actual 0.2 to 0.5 FTE vs calculated 2.52 to 7.34 FTEs) and overbooked (95% to 122% capacity, 17 to 54.2 days for time to third next available appointment). Patients met the composite quality metric 35.1% to 56.3% of the time across sites. CONCLUSION This study supports the use of patient access data to determine appropriate pharmacist panel size. Utilizing provider panel size to pharmacist ratio and time to third next available appointment is preferable for determining appropriate pharmacist panel size. Further research is needed to evaluate return times to help determine an ideal pharmacist panel size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimet Ozbay
- Department of Pharmacy, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin S King
- Department of Pharmacy, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Cynthia A King
- Department of Pharmacy, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
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14
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Pun J, Yu QJ, Lee MKC. An ethnographic discourse approach to explore GP-counsellor communication in primary health care settings in Hong Kong. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943840. [PMID: 36578682 PMCID: PMC9791957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the nature of GP-counsellor interaction during discussions of patients' mental health issues in primary care services. An ethnographic discourse analysis of audio-recorded GP-counsellor conversations and the participating counsellor's reflective accounts. Two participating GPs and one counsellor were recruited from a private medical clinic in Hong Kong. The GPs and the counsellor mainly discussed their patients' issues in terms of medication management, the counsellor's case conceptualization, the case management, knowledge transfer and acknowledging the partnership. During case discussions, both the GPs and the counsellor used a range of interactional strategies to clarify a patient's condition and treatment plans for mutual understanding. The GPs and the counsellor co-construct an insider discourse that covers a greater diversity of topics, including both medical and non-medical concerns. The research findings have implications for theory and practice, including the potential of ethnographic discourse analysis in understanding the features of participants' behavior and evaluating the effectiveness of communication in a particular setting, as well as the importance of exploring professionalized discourse during GP-counsellor communication in developing training programs aimed at enhancing staff awareness of effective IPC communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Pun
- Department of English, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Hurley E, Walsh E, Foley T, Heinrich CH, Byrne S, Dalton K. General practitioners' perceptions of pharmacists working in general practice: a qualitative interview study. Fam Pract 2022; 40:377-386. [PMID: 36242543 PMCID: PMC10047619 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacists are being increasingly employed as part of general practice teams globally, and their input has been associated with several clinical and economic benefits. However, there is a paucity of research focussing on general practitioners' (GPs') perceptions of pharmacist integration into practices in countries where this novel role for pharmacists is yet to become commonplace. OBJECTIVE To explore GPs' perceptions of integrating pharmacists into general practices and to identify the behavioural determinants of GPs integrating pharmacists into practices. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with GPs practising in Ireland, who were sampled using a combination of purposive, convenience, and snowball sampling. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, which then were analysed using conventional content analysis and directed content analysis employing the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). RESULTS Seventeen GPs were interviewed between November 2021 and February 2022. Seven TDF domains were identified as predominant in influencing GPs' perceptions of pharmacist integration into general practices. These perceptions were mostly positive, especially regarding patient outcomes, cost savings, and improving access to care. However, there were concerns about funding the role, affecting others' workloads, and pharmacists' training needs to work in practices. CONCLUSION This study's theory-informed insight provides a deeper understanding of GPs' perceptions of pharmacists working in general practice and behaviours which can be targeted to help optimize integration. These findings should be utilized in future service development to preempt and address GPs' concerns ahead of pharmacist integration, as well as to inform the development of general practice-based pharmacist roles going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Hurley
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine Walsh
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tony Foley
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clara H Heinrich
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen Byrne
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kieran Dalton
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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A nationwide exploratory survey assessing perception, practice, and barriers toward pharmaceutical care provision among hospital pharmacists in Nepal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16590. [PMID: 36198682 PMCID: PMC9532804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care (PC) services reduce medication errors, improve the use of medicines, and optimize the cost of treatment. It can detect medication-related problems and improve patient medication adherence. However, PC services are not commonly provided in hospital pharmacies in Nepal. Therefore, the present study was done to determine the situation of PC in hospital pharmacies and explore the perception, practice, and barriers (and their determinants) encountered by hospital pharmacists while providing PC. A descriptive online cross-sectional study was conducted from 25th March to 25th October 2021 among pharmacists with a bachelor’s degree and above working in hospital pharmacies using non-probability quota sampling. The questionnaire in English addressed perception and practice regarding PC, and barriers encountered and were validated by experts and pre-tested among 23 pharmacists. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Kendall’s correlation was used to explore the correlations among various perception and practice constructs. The scores were also compared among subgroups of respondents using the Mann–Whitney test for subgroups with two categories and Kruskal–Wallis test for greater than two categories. A total of 144 pharmacists participated in the study. Majority of the participants were male, between 22 and 31 years of age, and had work experience between 10 and 20 years. Over 50% had received no training in PC. The perception scores were higher among those with more work experience and the practice scores among those who had received PC training. Participants agreed that there were significant barriers to providing PC, including lack of support from other professionals, lack of demand from patients, absence of guidelines, inadequate training, lack of skills in communication, lack of compensation, problems with access to the patient medical record, lack of remuneration, and problems with accessing objective medicine information sources. A correlation was noted between certain perceptions and practice-related constructs. Hospital pharmacists who participated had a positive perception and practice providing PC. However, PC was not commonly practised in hospital pharmacies. Significant barriers were identified in providing PC. Further studies, especially in the eastern and western provinces, are required. Similar studies may be considered in community pharmacies.
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Khader H, Alsayed A, Hasoun LZ, Alnatour D, Awajan D, Alhosanie TN, Samara A. Pharmaceutical care and telemedicine during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study based on pharmacy students, pharmacists, and physicians in Jordan. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e90748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of access to the patient medical record (90.6%) was the major barrier for the integration of pharmaceutical care into practice. The majority of participants (93.0%) encouraged creating a website that provides pharmaceutical care. Furthermore, 45.1% would pay for such a service if present. Moreover, the majority (89.8%) agreed that creating a comprehensive database for patients’ data will help in decreasing medical errors. Among the four aspects of pharmaceutical care (technical, psychosocial, communication and administrative) that were assessed for students and pharmacist’s, general weakness in all aspects was noticed. This study highlights that absence of proper documentation of patient medical information raises the risk of medical problems and is considered the most documented barrier for the integration of pharmaceutical care. This emphasizes the future role of telemedicine and the availability of a specialized website and database repository that stores patient’s information to ensure the continuity of care even during pandemics.
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18
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Waszyk-Nowaczyk M, Guzenda W, Dragun P, Olsztyńska L, Liwarska J, Michalak M, Ferlak J, Drozd M, Sobiechowska R. Interdisciplinary Cooperation between Pharmacists and Nurses-Experiences and Expectations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11713. [PMID: 36141986 PMCID: PMC9517073 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Getting to know the experience gained so far between professions such as pharmacists and nurses allows for introducing changes aimed at better cooperation, and that can improve the quality of patient care. The aim was to obtain the nurses' opinions on the ongoing cooperation with pharmacists and to analyze the possibilities of cooperation between these groups. METHODS The survey was conducted from January to March 2021 among 124 nurses in Poland. The link to the electronic questionnaire was sent by e-mails sourced from online social groups for nurses. Before completing the questionnaire, each participant was informed about the anonymous research and the purpose of the data obtained. RESULTS In total, 80.6% of the respondents confirmed that the pharmacist is a reliable advisor in the field of general information about a drug and 60.9% in the field of clinical information about the drug, and 54.8% of the nurses agreed that a pharmacist should carry out such practices as measuring blood pressure or glucose in a community pharmacy, with 70.1% agreeing that a pharmacist should provide pharmaceutical care in a community pharmacy in the future and the most convinced of this were people with a master's degree. Of the respondents, 74.1% indicated that pharmacist advice should be fully reimbursed by the National Health Fund or another insurance institution. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the nursing community appreciates the role of pharmacists and has a positive attitude towards cooperation with this professional group. What is more is that it indicates willingness for interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Waszyk-Nowaczyk
- Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Weronika Guzenda
- Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Dragun
- Student’s Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Laura Olsztyńska
- Student’s Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Liwarska
- Student’s Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Ferlak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariola Drozd
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Sobiechowska
- Ludwik Błażek Mulidisciplinary Hospital, 97 Poznanska Street, 88-100 Inowrocław, Poland
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19
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Al-Taani GM, Ayoub NM. Community pharmacists’ routine provision of drug-related problem-reduction services. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267379. [PMID: 35507568 PMCID: PMC9067687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present study aimed to assess the degree of the provision of services for drug-related problems (DRPs) and the factors affecting provision within the community pharmacy setting in Irbid, a large city in Northern Jordan. Methods A cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to community pharmacists in Irbid, Jordan during the period from January to May 2017. The survey is composed of background and practice characteristics, services provided routinely by the community pharmacists to address DRPs, and barriers and facilitators for DRP-reduction services. A summated score quantifying the degree of DRP-reduction service provision was calculated, which included overall scores and scores for the different scales and domains. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and a multivariate linear regression model for factors associated with the high provision of DRP-reduction service. Results Two hundred community pharmacists out of 210 pharmacists approached completed the surveys yielding a response rate of 95.2%. The most frequent DRPs encountered within the routine practice in the community pharmacy were economic aspects (76.0%). The mean total score relating to different DRP-reduction services was 32.9 (58.8%) out of 56 as the maximum possible score. It was estimated that 28.2% of the responding pharmacists provided the service overall (scored more than 50% of the scale). For the assessment, intervention, and referral dimensions, similar percentages of providers of the services were achieved: 59.7%, 61.9%, and 49.0%, respectively. Lower rates of providers were achieved on the documentation scale (12.9%). The lack of recognition of the pharmacist role by physicians was the most commonly reported barrier to effective DRP-reduction services among community pharmacists (78.9%). The ability to receive external guidance was indicated by the majority of surveyed pharmacists (94.5%) as a potential facilitator to DRP-reduction services in this study. Predictors associated with high total scores were the presence of medical records for the patients in the pharmacy, patients contact the pharmacy using email, a high satisfaction in professional relationships with physicians, and pharmacists’ age. Conclusion Even though community pharmacists in this study have been shown to deliver certain activities to address DRPs to a high degree, the overall rate of DRPs services was suboptimal. Community pharmacists reported several barriers that should be taken into consideration to facilitate the role of community pharmacists in providing adequate DRP reduction services to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith M. Al-Taani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan
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Said ASA, Hussain N, Kharaba Z, Al Haddad AHI, Abdelaty LN, Roshdy RRS. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacists regarding asthma management: a cross-sectional study in Egypt. J Pharm Policy Pract 2022; 15:35. [PMID: 35505447 PMCID: PMC9062855 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-022-00432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a significant public health issue that poses a substantial health and economic burden. Despite the availability of effective asthma medications, its management remain suboptimal. Recent asthma guidelines have highlighted the importance of pharmacist unique position and its interventional strategies in positively impacting asthma treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the degree of Egyptian pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, as well as their practices towards asthma management in line with the recent asthma guidelines. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 pharmacists working in different private and governmental sectors. The data were collected using a 37-item pre-validated self-administered KAP questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance to assess the association between each KAP level and the sociodemographic variables at the significance level of 0.05. Results Of the 800 distributed questionnaire, a total of 550 participants (316 Male, and 234 Female) responded, representing a 68.7% response rate. The mean ± SD score of knowledge, attitude, practice, and barrier was 5.49 ± 1.65 (min = 0; max = 8), 23.5 ± 2.84 (min = 15, max = 30), 43.12 ± 8.61 (min = 28, max = 62), and 27.76 ± 3.72 (min = 17, max = 39), respectively. The results showed that poor knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were achieved by 30.54, 0, and 38.72% of participants, respectively. Conclusion Our findings revealed the inconsistencies between poor pharmacists’ knowledge and practices with respect to their positive attitudes. The lack of pharmacists’ knowledge and compliance to recent GINA guidelines in this study highlight the crucial need for effective Educational strategies that should better equip pharmacists for their potential role in asthma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira S A Said
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC), Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
| | - Nadia Hussain
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC), Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Zelal Kharaba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center (HBRC), Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Amal H I Al Haddad
- Chief Operations Office, Sheikh Shakbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Lamiaa N Abdelaty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda R S Roshdy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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Kosobuski L, Hawn A, France K, Chen N, LaPlante C, Palombi L. Using Qualitative, Community-Based Input to Steer Post-COVID-19 Pharmacy Practice in Substance Use. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:1555-1563.e2. [PMID: 35428578 PMCID: PMC8933963 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a disproportionately negative impact on individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). A rapidly changing public health and treatment environment has resulted in increased needs for pharmacist engagement in SUD-focused patient care. Objectives This study used semistructured interviews of SUD professionals to evaluate where they believe pharmacy practice could better support people at risk of or having SUD in light of challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Professionals dedicated to the care of individuals with SUD were recruited from a large community substance use coalition to participate in a qualitative study examining how pharmacists could take a more active role in SUD prevention, intervention, recovery, and harm reduction (HR). A consensual qualitative research approach was used in data analysis. Results Domains identified in analysis included pharmacists as educators of patients and communities, pharmacists as educators of health care providers, pharmacists as advocates for individuals with SUD, the need for increased pharmacist engagement owing to COVID-19 challenges for individuals with SUD, the need for expanded pharmacy practice interventions, and the need for pharmacist self-development. Conclusion Increased medication counseling, HR practices, addressing stigma, and community-level education focused on SUD were among the most commonly reported areas for pharmacy practice development. In addition, the urgent need to adjust pharmacy practice in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was also identified by interviewees.
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22
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Zielińska-Tomczak Ł, Cerbin-Koczorowska M, Przymuszała P, Gałązka N, Marciniak R. Pharmacists' Perspectives on Interprofessional Collaboration with Physicians in Poland: A Quantitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9686. [PMID: 34574606 PMCID: PMC8470388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, many studies have emphasized the pharmacist's importance as part of the patient care team. Still, the interprofessional collaboration between physicians and pharmacists in their everyday work seems rare. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the types of contact between them, possible mutual collaboration, and barriers to implementation. This study was conducted from April to August 2020. The study group included licensed pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Poland (n = 207). The results show that, according to the respondents, physician-pharmacist contact mainly concerns formal aspects, such as correcting prescription errors. They occasionally communicate for other matters, such as consultation regarding drug availability and drug dosage. However, when asked to divide responsibilities between them and physicians, pharmacists indicate areas that should involve interprofessional collaboration, e.g., monitoring adverse drug reactions, analysis of multi-drug therapy, and checking the regularity of taking medications. They indicated the lack of specific collaboration rules, limited willingness to establish relationships and low mutual respect and trust among existing barriers. It is worth considering the possibility of overcoming these barriers provided by interprofessional education in order to develop communication skills and build relationships based on respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łucja Zielińska-Tomczak
- Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (P.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Magdalena Cerbin-Koczorowska
- Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (P.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Piotr Przymuszała
- Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (P.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Natalia Gałązka
- Students’ Scientific Club of Medical Education, Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Marciniak
- Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.C.-K.); (P.P.); (R.M.)
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Bhattarai B, Walpola R, Khan S, Mey A. Factors associated with medication adherence among people living with COPD: Pharmacists' perspectives. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2021; 3:100049. [PMID: 35480612 PMCID: PMC9030655 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While medication is an integral part of the effective management of COPD, more than 50% of people living with COPD do not adhere to their prescribed medications. The drivers underpinning this observed behaviour are poorly understood. As pharmacists generally have the final interaction with patients prior to their use of medications, their perspectives may offer insights about patients' medication use that may improve our understanding of this complex issue. Objective This study explored pharmacists' experiences of providing care for patients living with COPD to gain insight about factors that impact their medication-taking behaviour. Methods Fourteen pharmacists who worked in practice settings across the South-East Queensland region of Australia participated in interviews between March 2019 and January 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Results Two overarching themes were identified which modulated medication-taking behaviour. Barriers comprised patient-related factors including, financial constraints, poor inhaler technique, and inaccurate beliefs; alongside pharmacist-related factors such as a lack of COPD-specific training and time constraints. Factors that promote adherence included patient education and monitoring and collaborative relationships between key stakeholders. Conclusions Medication non-adherence is common. While pharmacists expressed a desire to better support their patients, practical strategies to overcome the challenges that they face in clinical settings are lacking. Future research should focus on exploring ways to engage patients at the pharmacy level thereby enhancing the provision of services that would optimise medication adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimbishar Bhattarai
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ramesh Walpola
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sohil Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amary Mey
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Waszyk-Nowaczyk M, Guzenda W, Kamasa K, Pawlak K, Bałtruszewicz N, Artyszuk K, Białoszewski A, Merks P. Cooperation Between Pharmacists and Physicians - Whether It Was Before and is It Still Ongoing During the Pandemic? J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:2101-2110. [PMID: 34393489 PMCID: PMC8357703 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s318480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is very important to put an emphasis on widely understood teamwork. This is of great importance for achieving and maintaining success in all areas, especially in medicine. This kind of unity has many advantages, including unique ideas that are very helpful in a competitive environment, improve performance and knowledge, and create stronger supportive work relationships. Patient’s health can be improved by using comprehensive treatment. This provides an urgent need for multidisciplinary partnership in the medical community. Optimal pharmacological treatment is crucial to achieving treatment goals. To ensure excellent quality of medical care, interprofessional cooperation between physicians and pharmacists and/or other medical professionals is necessary. Their complementary knowledge and experience can lead to improved health outcomes and can also reduce treatment costs. There are also many barriers and difficulties in legal systems that would allow for more effective inter-professional cooperation. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to emphasizing the role of the pharmacist, increasing powers, and at the same time to teamwork, sometimes forced by the situation. The purpose of this publication is to view the literature on the cooperation of physicians and pharmacists in the provision of medical services for patients. Professional cooperation has been well known in many countries for years, as it is a key medium supporting optimized patient care. Analyzing the challenges and approaches can lead to better and improved health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Waszyk-Nowaczyk
- Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Weronika Guzenda
- Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Karolina Kamasa
- Student's Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Kornel Pawlak
- Student's Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Natalia Bałtruszewicz
- Student's Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Karolina Artyszuk
- Student's Pharmaceutical Care Group, Pharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Artur Białoszewski
- Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02-091, Poland
| | - Piotr Merks
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, 01-938, Poland
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25
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Hayat K, Mustafa ZU, Godman B, Arshed M, Zhang J, Khan FU, Saleem F, Lambojon K, Li P, Feng Z, Fang Y. Perceptions, Expectations, and Experience of Physicians About Pharmacists and Pharmaceutical Care Services in Pakistan: Findings and Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650137. [PMID: 34054528 PMCID: PMC8160509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optimal collaboration between pharmacists and other healthcare professionals such as physicians is integral in implementing pharmaceutical care. However, there are concerns regarding the role of pharmacists, especially among low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the perceptions, expectations, and experience of physicians working in various hospital settings of Punjab, Pakistan, about pharmacists and their roles. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was administered from October to December 2020. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis using SPSS. Results: Six hundred and seventy-eight physicians participated in this study with a response rate of 77.9%. Most of the physicians reported minimal to no interaction with pharmacists (n = 521, 76.8%). However, more than three-quarters of physicians (n = 660, 97.3%) accepted pharmacists as evidence-based sources of drug information. In addition, many physicians (n = 574, 84.7%) strongly agreed that pharmacists should attend patient care rounds to respond promptly to questions related to patient medication. A limited number of physicians (n = 124, 18.3%) assumed that pharmacists were advising their patients regarding the judicial use of their drugs. Median expectation and experience score had a significant association with age, experience, and education of physicians (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The perception of physicians was positive toward certain roles of pharmacists, coupled with high expectations. However, their experience was low, with most of the activities of pharmacists due to inadequate interprofessional coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khezar Hayat
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy Services, District Headquarter (DHQ) Hospital Pakpattan, Pakpattan, Pakistan
| | - Brain Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Arshed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lifeline Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
| | - Fahad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Krizzia Lambojon
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhitong Feng
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Center for Drug Safety and Policy Research, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Centre for Health Reform and Development Research, Xi’an, China
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El-Awaisi A, Awaisu A, Aboelbaha S, Abedini Z, Johnson J, Al-Abdulla SA. Perspectives of Healthcare Professionals Toward Interprofessional Collaboration in Primary Care Settings in a Middle Eastern Country. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:363-379. [PMID: 33623389 PMCID: PMC7896768 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s286960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary healthcare (PHC) setting is regarded as a central pillar to the healthcare system as it tends to be the first point of contact for patients. Interprofessional collaboration between healthcare professionals (HCP) in PHC settings remains unexplored in the Middle East. Aim The objective of this study was to explore the perspectives of HCP in PHC centers towards interprofessional collaboration and to identify the facilitators and the barriers to collaborative practice. Methods A cross-sectional, web- and paper-based survey involving HCP in PHC centers was conducted in Qatar. Descriptive statistics as well as Student's t-test and One Way ANOVA test were performed to determine statistical differences in Readiness for Interprofessional Learning (RIPLs) scores between demographic groups. Results Overall, 1415 participants out of a potential 2500 HCP practicing in Qatar completed the survey (response rate, 56.6%). HCP generally indicated a positive attitude and readiness towards interprofessional collaboration. Furthermore, physicians had slightly more positive readiness towards understanding their professional identity than other healthcare professionals. Participants with previous interprofessional collaboration or interprofessional education experiences exhibited greater, but non-significant positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration compared to those without previous experiences. Identified barriers and facilitators included are conceptual rather than structural. Facilitating factors included HCP readiness and perceived benefit of interprofessional collaboration effectiveness in the work setting, increased professional satisfaction, respect between healthcare professions, appreciation of others' contribution, leadership, and institutional support. Top perceived barriers included leadership and support, time commitment, and resources constraints. Conclusion HCP in PHC settings have demonstrated the willingness and readiness to engage in interprofessional collaboration. Recent reforms within the PHC setting consist of promoting interprofessional teams and collaborative culture. However, it is imperative to provide training and education to foster and support interprofessional collaborative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla El-Awaisi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Awaisu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shimaa Aboelbaha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zeinab Abedini
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessie Johnson
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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