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Khalil B, Sharif-Askari NS, Selvakumar B, Mdkhana B, Hachim I, Zakri A, Hundt J, Hamid Q, Halwani R. Vitamin D3 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and enhances steroid sensitivity in a neutrophilic steroid hyporesponsive asthma mouse model. Inflamm Res 2025; 74:51. [PMID: 40082319 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-025-02009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe steroid hyporesponsive asthma is a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodelling of the airways. Severe asthmatics account for more than 60% of asthma-related healthcare cost worldwide given they are hyporesponsive to corticosteroids and due to the absence of targeted treatment specifically for the T helper-17 (Th-17) high endotype. Hence, there is a clear unmet need to investigate other treatment options to control patients' symptoms. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway has been highlighted in the literature to contribute to disease pathogenesis and severity. Interestingly, vitamin D3 is an important regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. METHODS Using house dust mite (HDM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we induced a neutrophilic steroid hyporesponsive asthma mouse model to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 on downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and enhancing steroid sensitivity. RESULTS We showed that calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D3, could downregulate the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. This was associated with a significant reduction in airway hyperresponsiveness, IL-17 release, neutrophil infiltration, and mucus secretion. Further, calcitriol enhanced steroid sensitivity by inhibiting the expression of GR-β. Mechanistically, calcitriol targeted the NLRP3 inflammasome to ubiquitination. CONCLUSIONS Our research highlights the potential use of calcitriol as a low cost and accessible supplement to ameliorate airway inflammation during severe steroid hyporesponsive asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa Khalil
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balachandar Selvakumar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bushra Mdkhana
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Hachim
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel Zakri
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jennifer Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang G, Zhao B, Liu J. The Development of Animal Models for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection and Enhanced RSV Disease. Viruses 2024; 16:1701. [PMID: 39599816 PMCID: PMC11598872 DOI: 10.3390/v16111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of immunoprophylactic products against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has resulted in notable advancements, leading to an increased demand for preclinical experiments and placing greater demands on animal models. Nevertheless, the field of RSV research continues to face the challenge of a lack of ideal animal models. Despite the demonstration of efficacy in animal studies, numerous RSV vaccine candidates have been unsuccessful in clinical trials, primarily due to the lack of suitable animal models. The most commonly utilized animal models for RSV research are cotton rats, mice, lambs, and non-human primates. These animals have been extensively employed in mechanistic studies and in the development and evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics. However, each model only exemplifies some, but not all, aspects of human RSV disease. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of the disease symptoms, viral replication, pathological damage, and enhanced RSV disease (ERD) conditions across different RSV animal models. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of each model are discussed, with the intention of providing a valuable reference for related RSV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binbin Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;
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3
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Zhai Z, Shao L, Lu Z, Yang Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang H, Zheng Y, Lu H, Song X, Zhang Y. Characteristics of mucin hypersecretion in different inflammatory patterns based on endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2024; 14:e12334. [PMID: 38282195 PMCID: PMC10802810 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is usually accompanied by mucin hypersecretion that can lead to mucus accumulation and impair nasal mucociliary clearance, thus exacerbating airway inflammation. Abnormal mucin hypersecretion is regulated by different T helper (Th) cytokines, which are associated with different endotype-driven inflammatory responses. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand how these factors regulate mucin hypersecretion to provide precise treatment strategies for different endotypes of CRS. BODY: Thus far, the most common endotypes of CRS are classified as type 1, type 2, or type 3 immune responses based on innate and adaptive cell-mediated effector immunity, and the representative Th cytokines in these immune responses, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22, play an important regulatory role in mucin secretion. We reviewed all the related literature in the PubMed database to determine the expression of these Th cytokines in CRS and the role they play in the regulation of mucin secretion. CONCLUSION We believe that the main Th cytokines involved in specific endotypes of CRS play a key role in regulating abnormal mucin secretion, which contributes to better understanding of the pathogenesis of CRS and provides therapeutic targets for airway inflammatory diseases associated with mucin hypersecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxue Zhai
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Liting Shao
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhaoyang Lu
- Second Clinical Medicine CollegeBinzhou Medical UniversityYantaiChina
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Huikang Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Haoran Lu
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalQingdao UniversityYantaiChina
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic DiseasesYantaiChina
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Edirisinghe HS, Rajapaksa AE, Royce SG, Sourial M, Bischof RJ, Anderson J, Sarila G, Nguyen CD, Mulholland K, Do LAH, Licciardi PV. Aerosol Delivery of Palivizumab in a Neonatal Lamb Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:2276. [PMID: 38005952 PMCID: PMC10675108 DOI: 10.3390/v15112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Palivizumab has been an approved preventative monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection for over two decades. However, due to its high cost and requirement for multiple intramuscular injections, its use has been limited mostly to high-income countries. Following our previous study showing the successful lung deposition of aerosolised palivizumab in lambs, this current study evaluated the "proof-of-principle" effect of aerosolised palivizumab delivered as a therapeutic to neonatal lambs following RSV infection. (2) Methods: Neonatal lambs were intranasally inoculated with RSV-A2 on day 0 (day 3 post-birth) and treated with aerosolised palivizumab 3 days later (day 3 post-inoculation). Clinical symptoms, RSV viral load and inflammatory response were measured post-inoculation. (3) Results: Aerosolised therapeutic delivery of palivizumab did not reduce RSV viral loads in the nasopharynx nor the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, but resulted in a modest reduction in inflammatory response at day 6 post-inoculation compared with untreated lambs. (4) Conclusions: This proof-of-principle study shows some evidence of aerosolised palivizumab reducing RSV inflammation, but further studies using optimized protocols are needed in order to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasindu S. Edirisinghe
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Anushi E. Rajapaksa
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Simon G. Royce
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia;
| | - Magdy Sourial
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Robert J. Bischof
- Institute of Innovation, Science and Sustainability, Federation University, Melbourne 3806, Australia;
| | - Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Gulcan Sarila
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Cattram D. Nguyen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne 3052, Australia; (H.S.E.); (M.S.); (J.A.); (G.S.); (C.D.N.); (K.M.); (L.A.H.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
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5
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Long-Lasting Protection Induced by a Polyanhydride Nanovaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in an Outbred Mouse Model. J Virol 2022; 96:e0150222. [PMID: 36314826 PMCID: PMC9683007 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01502-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. In humans, natural infection with RSV affords only partial long-term protection from reinfection, and there is no licensed RSV vaccine currently available. We have developed a new vaccine candidate, termed RSVNanoVax, composed of polyanhydride nanoparticles encapsulating the RSV prefusion F protein and a CpG 1668 oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant. We recently reported that vaccination of inbred BALB/c mice with RSVNanoVax induced both RSV-specific cellular and humoral immunity, which provided protection from viral replication and RSV-induced disease. To further assess the efficacy of RSVNanoVax, here, we utilized outbred Swiss Webster mice to examine vaccine efficacy in a more genetically diverse population. Following intranasal prime-boost vaccination with RSVNanoVax, Swiss Webster mice exhibited robust titers of systemic RSV F-directed IgG antibodies and RSV F-directed IgA within the lungs and nasal passages that were sustained out to at least 1 year post-vaccination. Serum antibodies maintained robust neutralizing activity against both RSV A and B strains. Following RSV challenge, vaccinated Swiss Webster mice exhibited rapid viral clearance from the lungs. Overall, our results indicate that RSVNanoVax represents a promising RSV vaccine candidate capable of providing long-term protection and immunity in a genetically diverse population. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes thousands of infections and deaths in children and elderly adults each year. Research in this field is of great importance as there remains no licensed vaccine to prevent RSV infections. We developed a novel vaccine candidate, RSVNanoVax, utilizing the RSV prefusion F protein encapsulated in polyanhydride nanoparticles. Here, we show that the intranasal delivery of RSVNanoVax protected outbred mice from viral replication within the lungs when challenged with RSV out to 1 year post-vaccination. Additionally, RSV-specific antibody responses were generated in both the serum and lung tissue and sustained long-term. These results demonstrate that our vaccine is an encouraging candidate for driving long-term protection in the lungs in a genetically diverse population.
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6
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Wu H, Zou M, Fan X, Su F, Xiao F, Zhou M, Sun Y, Zhao F, Wu G. Facile, Rapid, and Low-Cost Detection for Influenza Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Based on a Catalytic DNA Assembly Circuit. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15074-15081. [PMID: 35557683 PMCID: PMC9089383 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have contributed to severe respiratory infections, causing huge economic and healthcare burdens. To achieve rapid and precise detection of influenza viruses and RSV, we proposed a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) combined with the lateral flow immunoassay (CHA-LFIA) detection method. The presence of the target RNA triggers the initiation of CHA circuits. H1/H2 complexes, the amplified signal products, which were labeled with digoxin and biotin, were detected with a highly sensitive lateral flow immunoassay system. The sensitivity of the CHA-LFIA system to influenza A and B viruses and RSV reached up to 1, 1, and 5 pM, respectively. In addition, this method exhibited excellent capability for differentiating between target RNA and base-mismatched RNA. The results demonstrated that an enzyme-free, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific method had been developed to detect influenza A and B viruses and RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Wu
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Feiya Su
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Zhao
- Medical
School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Center
of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic
of China
- Diagnostics
Department, Medical School of Southeast
University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu
Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic
of China
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Stukova МА, Rydlovskaya AV, Proskurina OV, Mochalov SV, Shurygina APS, Nebolsin VE. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> pharmacodynamic activity of the new compound XC221GI in models of the viral inflammation of the respiratory tract. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-56-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The viruses most commonly affecting the human respiratory tract include rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses, and coronaviruses (CoVs). The virus infection of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract triggers an inflammation accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including IL6, IL8(CXCL8), IL1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). A subsequent acute inflammatory response in the lungs is accompanied by an increase in the production of cytokines and chemokines − CXCR3 receptor ligands – that are key players of acute inflammatory response that induce an influx of neutrophils and T cells into the lungs.We studied the pharmacodynamic activity of the new compound XC221GI to suppress the IL6 and IL8 of an experimental RSV infection in vitro in human lung carcinoma cells A549 and in vivo in the lungs of cotton rats. We also studied the effect of XC221GI on the production of the chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 in mouse bronchoalveolar lavage as well as on the influx of neutrophils into the mouse lungs after the intranasal administration of interferon γ (IFNγ).The obtained results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of XC221GI, which suppresses the production of excessive levels of the key inflammatory markers IL6, IL8, CXCL10, CXCL9, and CXCL11 as well as the influx of neutrophils into the lungs thereby reducing lung pathology. These data confirm the effectiveness of XC221GI as a means of preventive anti-inflammatory therapy during a viral infection of the respiratory tract.
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Kim YH, Warren SH, Kooter I, Williams WC, George IJ, Vance SA, Hays MD, Higuchi MA, Gavett SH, DeMarini DM, Jaspers I, Gilmour MI. Chemistry, lung toxicity and mutagenicity of burn pit smoke-related particulate matter. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34915899 PMCID: PMC8675519 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open burning of anthropogenic sources can release hazardous emissions and has been associated with increased prevalence of cardiopulmonary health outcomes. Exposure to smoke emitted from burn pits in military bases has been linked with respiratory illness among military and civilian personnel returning from war zones. Although the composition of the materials being burned is well studied, the resulting chemistry and potential toxicity of the emissions are not. METHODS Smoke emission condensates from either flaming or smoldering combustion of five different types of burn pit-related waste: cardboard; plywood; plastic; mixture; and mixture/diesel, were obtained from a laboratory-scale furnace coupled to a multistage cryotrap system. The primary emissions and smoke condensates were analyzed for a standardized suite of chemical species, and the condensates were studied for pulmonary toxicity in female CD-1 mice and mutagenic activity in Salmonella (Ames) mutagenicity assay using the frameshift strain TA98 and the base-substitution strain TA100 with and without metabolic activation (S9 from rat liver). RESULTS Most of the particles in the smoke emitted from flaming and smoldering combustion were less than 2.5 µm in diameter. Burning of plastic containing wastes (plastic, mixture, or mixture/diesel) emitted larger amounts of particulate matter (PM) compared to other types of waste. On an equal mass basis, the smoke PM from flaming combustion of plastic containing wastes caused more inflammation and lung injury and was more mutagenic than other samples, and the biological responses were associated with elevated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that adverse health effects of burn pit smoke exposure vary depending on waste type and combustion temperature; however, burning plastic at high temperature was the most significant contributor to the toxicity outcomes. These findings will provide a better understanding of the complex chemical and combustion temperature factors that determine toxicity of burn pit smoke and its potential health risks at military bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Kim
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Sarah H Warren
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ingeborg Kooter
- Department of Circular Economy and the Environment, The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Sciences, TNO, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda C Williams
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ingrid J George
- Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Samuel A Vance
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Michael D Hays
- Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Mark A Higuchi
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - David M DeMarini
- Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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9
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Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Immunopathology of RSV: An Updated Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2478. [PMID: 34960746 PMCID: PMC8703574 DOI: 10.3390/v13122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RSV is a leading cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly. RSV has limited therapeutic interventions and no FDA-approved vaccine. Gaps in our understanding of virus-host interactions and immunity contribute to the lack of biological countermeasures. This review updates the current understanding of RSV immunity and immunopathology with a focus on interferon responses, animal modeling, and correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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10
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Xue M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Kairis EL, Lu M, Ahmad S, Attia Z, Harder O, Zhang Z, Wei J, Chen P, Gao Y, Peeples ME, Sharma A, Boyaka P, He C, Hur S, Niewiesk S, Li J. Viral RNA N6-methyladenosine modification modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses of human respiratory syncytial virus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010142. [PMID: 34929018 PMCID: PMC8759664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in humans. A well-known challenge in the development of a live attenuated RSV vaccine is that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are strongly suppressed by RSV nonstructural proteins which, in turn, dampens the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we discovered a novel strategy to enhance innate and adaptive immunity to RSV infection. Specifically, we found that recombinant RSVs deficient in viral RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RSV grown in m6A methyltransferase (METTL3)-knockdown cells induce higher expression of RIG-I, bind more efficiently to RIG-I, and enhance RIG-I ubiquitination and IRF3 phosphorylation compared to wild-type virion RNA, leading to enhanced type I IFN production. Importantly, these m6A-deficient RSV mutants also induce a stronger IFN response in vivo, are significantly attenuated, induce higher neutralizing antibody and T cell immune responses in mice and provide complete protection against RSV challenge in cotton rats. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhibition of RSV RNA m6A methylation enhances innate immune responses which in turn promote adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoge Xue
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuexiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Kairis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Olivia Harder
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Phylip Chen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Youling Gao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prosper Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chuan He
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Immunogenicity and inflammatory properties of respiratory syncytial virus attachment G protein in cotton rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246770. [PMID: 33600439 PMCID: PMC7891763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide. The attachment (G) protein of RSV is synthesized by infected cells in both a membrane bound (mG) and secreted form (sG) and uses a CX3C motif for binding to its cellular receptor. Cell culture and mouse studies suggest that the G protein mimics the cytokine CX3CL1 by binding to CX3CR1 on immune cells, which is thought to cause increased pulmonary inflammation in vivo. However, because these studies have used RSV lacking its G protein gene or blockade of the G protein with a G protein specific monoclonal antibody, the observed reduction in inflammation may be due to reduced virus replication and spread, and not to a direct role for G protein as a viral chemokine. In order to more directly determine the influence of the soluble and the membrane-bound forms of G protein on the immune system independent of its attachment function for the virion, we expressed the G protein in cotton rat lungs using adeno-associated virus (AAV), a vector system which does not itself induce inflammation. We found no increase in pulmonary inflammation as determined by histology and bronchoalveolar lavage after inoculation of AAVs expressing the membrane bound G protein, the secreted G protein or the complete G protein gene which expresses both forms. The long-term low-level expression of AAV-G did, however, result in the induction of non-neutralizing antibodies, CD8 T cells and partial protection from challenge with RSV. Complete protection was accomplished through co-immunization with AAV-G and an AAV expressing cotton rat interferon α.
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