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An J, Jin N, Xie J, Ma Y, Liu H, Balajiang G, Liu S, Zhang X. Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B and associated factors among health care workers in Gansu province. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2383509. [PMID: 39132758 PMCID: PMC11321420 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2383509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The investigation was conducted to describe the status of coverage of HBV vaccination among the health care workers in Gansu province and to explore the associated factors of HBV vaccination in this study. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1544 health care workers from 64 hospitals in Gansu province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to interview the health care workers about HBV vaccination coverage. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the associated factors with HBV vaccination. The vaccination coverage was 89.17% for health care workers, nurses (90.40%) had the highest rate, followed by administration staff (89.38%) and medical technicians (89.30%). The full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was 64.25% for health care workers, and administration staff (65.04%) had the highest rate, followed by nurses (65.00%). This study found that the associated factors with HBV vaccination and full-dose vaccination were the history of training and the detection of serological indicators. The coverage of HBV vaccination among health care workers in Gansu province was high, but full-dose HBV vaccination coverage was low. It is necessary to strengthen the HBV knowledge and training in HBV prevention and treatment among health care workers in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Na Jin
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingru Xie
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | | | - Shuyu Liu
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- Immunization program department, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
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Kitil GW, Dubale AT, Shibabaw AA, Chereka AA. Practices for preventing Hepatitis B infection among health science students in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306965. [PMID: 38985751 PMCID: PMC11236149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly among healthcare workers, including health science students who are at high risk due to their exposure to infected patients and contaminated medical equipment. In Ethiopia, where the burden of HBV infection is substantial, preventive practices among health science students are critical for minimizing transmission and ensuring a healthy workforce. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of these practices specifically among this population in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive measures for Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia. METHODS This study followed the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA checklist and focused on research conducted within Ethiopia. Seven relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches across various databases including Google, Medline, PubMed, and Scholar. Data retrieval was systematically conducted using a checklist, and analysis was performed using STATA version 14. Heterogeneity was assessed using both the Cochrane Q test and the I2 statistic. Additionally, publication bias was evaluated using Egger's weighted regression, a funnel plot, and Begg's test. RESULTS In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we identified a total of 515 research articles, of which seven studies met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of practices aimed at preventing Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia was 41.21% (95% CI: 30.81-51.62). Factors significantly associated with these practices included better understanding of Hepatitis B infection prevention (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.20-3.29), age group 20-24 years (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 2.43-13.78), needle stick injury exposure (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.10-10.70), and students enrolled in medicine or public health officer departments (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.65-6.65). CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates that only 41.21% of Health Science students in Ethiopia adhere to Hepatitis B prevention practices. To improve these practices, it is essential to mandate vaccination, provide targeted training on infection prevention, and increase awareness of vaccine uptake. Tailored educational programs should equip students with practical strategies. Additionally, intelligent interventions must address factors influencing preventive practices. Collaboration between institutions and ongoing monitoring is crucial to ensuring success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemeda Wakgari Kitil
- Departments of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Tasew Dubale
- Departments of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw
- Departments of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Alex Ayenew Chereka
- Departments of Health Informatics, College of Health Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
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Senoo-Dogbey VE, Ohene LA, Wuaku DA. Occupational exposure to Hepatitis B virus, disease burden and pathways for postexposure prophylaxis management: recommendations for healthcare workers in highly endemic settings. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100354. [PMID: 38559369 PMCID: PMC10979087 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was recognized many decades ago as an important occupational hazard for Health Care Workers (HCWs) globally. HCWs who are directly involved in patient care and are in continuous contact with blood or body fluids have an increased risk of occupationally acquiring the virus. The risk of HCWs in highly endemic areas is greater due to the greater prevalence of infection in the general population. Recommendations are available to guide HBV prevention activities or practices among HCWs. These include the use of the hepatitis B vaccine as a preexposure prophylaxis and the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin alone or hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus the vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. The uptake of preexposure prophylaxis has been observed to be low in resource-poor settings where the disease is highly endemic. Postexposure prophylaxis has become the remedy for preventing occupational transmission of HBV in these settings. This review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the risk of transmission of HBV infection, the burden of infection and recommendations for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of occupational acquisition of HBV among HCWs. We conducted a narrative review to summarize the evidence available on the recommended steps of HBV exposure management and the utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HBV. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Africa Journals Online (AJOL) databases. The keywords used were hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus postexposure prophylaxis, occupational exposures, and recommendations for postexposure to hepatitis B virus. We gleaned evidence from the literature sources and summarized the concepts related to exposure forms, postexposure prophylaxis management pathways and recommendations for the utilization of postexposure prophylaxis among exposed healthcare workers. From the synthesis of evidence, we conclude that HBV infection is a life-threatening condition. However, the disease is preventable by using the HBV vaccine as a preexposure prophylaxis measure. An effective postexposure prophylaxis management program is also available, and the last resort to preventing occupational transmission of HBV among HCWs who non-responders are, or who fail to vaccinate completely against HBV. Irrespective of the availability of these lifesaving interventions, the use of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis among HCWs in highly endemic regions is suboptimal. Many barriers operating at the individual HCW and health facility levels have been identified as impacting the successful use of HBV preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Efua Senoo-Dogbey
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana
| | - Lillian Akorfa Ohene
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 25, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Delali Adwoa Wuaku
- Department of Nursing Research, Nursing, and Midwifery Training School, Korle-Bu, P. O Box KB 83, Accra, Ghana
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Ssekamatte T, Isunju JB, Nalugya A, Wafula ST, Nuwematsiko R, Nakalembe D, Kansiime WK, Muyanga N, Nakiggala J, Bukenya JN, Mugambe RK. Distribution of Hepatitis B prevention services in Wakiso District, Central Uganda. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000478. [PMID: 37738234 PMCID: PMC10516414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global public health challenge especially in low-and-middle income countries. Although there are significant global and national efforts to control Hepatitis B, equitable distribution and access to prevention services such as testing and vaccination remains a challenge. Efforts to increase access are hindered by inadequate evidence on the availability and distribution of HBV services. This cross-sectional study aimed at generating evidence of the distribution of HBV prevention services in Wakiso District, Uganda. A total of 55 healthcare facilities (HCFs) including 4 hospitals, and 51 primary care facilities were surveyed. Data were collected using an electronic structured questionnaire and analysed using STATA 14.0. A chi-square test was performed to establish the relationship between HCF characteristics and the availability of hepatitis B services. ArcGIS (version 10.1) was used to generate maps to illustrate the distribution of hepatitis B prevention services. We found out that the hepatitis B vaccine was available in only 27.3% (15) of the HCF, and 60% (33) had testing services. Receipt of the hepatitis B vaccine doses in the last 12 months was associated with the level (p = ≤0.001) and location (p = 0.030) of HCF. Availability of the hepatitis B vaccine at the time of the survey was associated with the level (p = 0.002) and location (p = 0.010) of HCF. The availability of hepatitis B testing services was associated with the level (p = 0.031), ownership (p≤0.001) and location (p = 0.010) of HCF. HCFs offering vaccination and testing services were mostly in urban areas, and close to Kampala, Uganda's capital. Based on this study, hepatitis B prevention services were sub-optimal across all HCF levels, locations, and ownership. There is a need to extend hepatitis B prevention services to rural, public and private-not-for-profit HCFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rebecca Nuwematsiko
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Doreen Nakalembe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winnifred K Kansiime
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Naume Muyanga
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joana Nakiggala
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justine N Bukenya
- Department of Community Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Ali AS, Hussein NA, Elmi EOH, Ismail AM, Abdi MM. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among medical students: a cross-sectional study in Bosaso, Somalia, 2021. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1060. [PMID: 37268892 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver cancer and remains a global public health concern. The risk of acquiring HBV is higher in HCWs than in non-HCWs. Medical students are considered a high-risk group because similar to HCWs, they tend to be exposed to body fluids and blood during training in clinical settings. New infections can be effectively prevented and eliminated with an increased coverage of HBV vaccination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate HBV immunization coverage and associated factors among medical students attending universities in Bosaso, Somalia. METHODOLOGY An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A stratified sampling method was employed to draw a sample from four universities in Bosaso. From each university, participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 247 medical students. The data were analysed with SPSS version 21, and the findings are presented in tables and proportions. The chi-square test was used to measure statistical associations. RESULTS Although 73.7% of the respondents had an above-average knowledge level of HBV and 95.9% knew that HBV can be prevented by vaccination, only 2.8% were fully immunized, while 5.3% were partially immunized. The students reported six main reasons for not being vaccinated: unavailability of the vaccine (32.8%), high vaccine cost (26.7%), fear of vaccine side effects (12.6%), lack of trust in vaccine quality (8.5%), lack of awareness about where to get vaccinated (5.7%), and lack of time (2.8%). Occupation and the availability of HBV vaccination in the workplace were associated with HBV vaccine uptake (p values of 0.005 and 0.047, respectively). CONCLUSION HBV immunization coverage among medical students was extremely low (2.8%), indicating the urgent need for increased vaccination coverage in this population. This should start with evidence-based advocacy for the development of a clear national HBV elimination policy, followed by implementing effective, large-scale immunization strategies and interventions. Future studies should expand the sample size to include multiple cities for increased representativeness and conduct HBV titre tests among participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdifitah Said Ali
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Global Science University (GSU), Galkayo, Somalia.
| | - Nur Ahmed Hussein
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Bosaso, Somalia
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Harun MGD, Sumon SA, Mohona TM, Rahman A, Abdullah SAHM, Islam MS, Anwar MMU. Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage among Bangladeshi Healthcare Workers: Findings from Tertiary Care Hospitals. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:41. [PMID: 36679886 PMCID: PMC9865822 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a four-fold higher risk of being infected with the hepatitis B virus in hospital settings. This study investigated the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among Bangladeshi HCWs in selected tertiary care hospitals. Between September 2020 to January 2021, a multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 hospitals across Bangladesh. Participants included physicians, nurses, cleaners, and administrative staff. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were used to analyze the data. The overall hepatitis B vaccination coverage was 66.6% (1363/2046) among HCWs, with cleaning staff having the lowest at 38.8%. Among the unvaccinated, 89.2% of HCWs desired to receive the free vaccine in the near future. In the last year, over one-fourth of staff (27.9%) had at least one history of needlestick injury. Only 9.8% HCWs were found to have attended training on hepatitis B virus prevention and management in the previous two years. Multivariate analysis revealed that physicians (AOR: 7.13, 95% CI: 4.94-10.30) and nurses (AOR: 6.00, 95% CI: 4.09-8.81) were more likely to be vaccinated against hepatitis B than cleaners and administrative staff. Low uptake of hepatitis B vaccination among HCWs suggests policies that require vaccination are needed to achieve optimum vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golam Dostogir Harun
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shariful Amin Sumon
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Tahrima Mohsin Mohona
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Aninda Rahman
- Communicable Disease Control (CDC), Directorate General of Health Services, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Saiful Islam
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia
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Duodu PA, Darkwah E, Agbadi P, Duah HO, Nutor JJ. Prevalence and geo-clinicodemographic factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in five developing countries. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:599. [PMID: 35799107 PMCID: PMC9264656 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a four-fold risk for hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers compared to the general population. Due to limited access to diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B in many resource-constrained settings, there is a real risk that only few healthcare workers with viral hepatitis may get screened or diagnosed and treated. Studies on hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers in developing countries are sparse and this bodes ill for intervention and support. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and explored the associated factors that predicted the uptake of the required, full dosage of hepatitis B vaccination among healthcare workers (HCWs) in five developing countries using nationally representative data. Methods We used recent datasets from the Demographic and Health Surveys Program’s Service Provision Assessment Survey. Descriptive summary statistics and logistic regressions were used to produce the results. Statistical significance was pegged at p < 0.05. Results The proportion of HCWs who received the required doses of hepatitis B vaccine in Afghanistan, Haiti, Malawi, Nepal, and Senegal were 69.1%, 11.3%, 15.4%, 46.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. Gender, occupational qualification, and years of education were significant correlates of receiving the required doses of hepatitis B among HCWs. Conclusions Given the increased risk of hepatitis B infection among healthcare workers, policymakers in developing countries should intensify education campaigns among HCWs and, perhaps, must take it a step further by making hepatitis B vaccination compulsory and a key requirement for employment, especially among those workers who regularly encounter bodily fluids of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | - Ernest Darkwah
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 84, Legon, Ghana
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | | | - Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Liang Y, Bai X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Pang X, Nie L, Qiu W, Zhao W, Hu G. Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage Rates and Associated Factors: A Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Beijing, 2019-2020. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1070. [PMID: 34696178 PMCID: PMC8539675 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage rates are low throughout most populations in China. Factors influencing low coverage rates, including population-specific hepatitis B vaccination barriers, may inform policies that promote vaccination. A cross-sectional survey of residents from 43 communities assessed their vaccination status and identified associated factors via uni- and multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses. In total, 11,280 of 36,007 respondents received a hepatitis B vaccine, indicating a 31.33% coverage rate. Multivariable logistic regression revealed non-Beijing (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.85) and residents who self-rated their health as very healthy (OR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68-0.99) were unlikely to be vaccinated. Farmers (OR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.51-1.86), commerce and service workers (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.63-2.04), government employees (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.38-1.77), professionals and technicians (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.63-2.09), and students (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.10-2.59) had increased hepatitis B vaccination rates. The multivariable assessment revealed hepatitis B vaccination coverage rates are associated with confirmed or suspected family cases, vaccination unwillingness or uncertainty, and unawareness of its prevention of the hepatitis B virus. Low hepatitis B vaccination coverage rates among Beijing subpopulations highlight the need for improved strategies, including those that target specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xinxin Bai
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xinghuo Pang
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Nie
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China; (X.P.); (L.N.)
| | - Wuqi Qiu
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Wei Zhao
- Chaoyang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Beijing, Beijing 100020, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China;
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China;
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Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among students of medicine and health sciences in Wolkite University, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257621. [PMID: 34547021 PMCID: PMC8454964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health problem. Health care providers and medical students in developing countries including Ethiopia are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to the high burden of this infection. The most effective way of prevention against HBV infection is vaccination of health care providers. However, there is a paucity of data on the HBV vaccination coverage among students of health science in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors, level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards HBV among students of medicine and health science at Wolkite University. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolkite University among 417 study participants from November to December 2020. The study participants were recruited by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with full-dose vaccination status. Statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05. Results Out of the 417 study participants, 5.8% (95%CI: 3.8–7.9) received a full-dose of the HBV vaccine in this study. Unavailability and high cost of the vaccine were frequently mentioned reasons for not being vaccinated against HBV. About 73.6%, 36.2%, and 47% of participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards HBV, respectively. Being male gender (AOR: 8.8; 95%CI: 2.9–27), rural residence (AOR: 3.6; 95%CI:1.2–10.6), positive attitude (AOR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.1–1.1), good practice (AOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05–0.5), medicine department (AOR: 5.9; 95%CI: 1.2–29), being second-year student (AOR: 11.7; 95%CI: 2.7–50.9), third-year student (AOR: 19; 95%CI: 4.25–45), and fourth-year student (AOR: 27; 95%CI: 5.8–56) were significantly associated factors with full-dose vaccination status. Conclusion Our study revealed that only small proportions (5.8%) of study participants received full-dose HBV vaccination. Vaccinations of students before starting clinical attachments, provisions of training for students on infection prevention mechanism and universal precautions particularly on HBV, increasing the uptake of the HBV vaccine, creating awareness on attitude and practice of students towards HBV to enhance uptake of the vaccine are recommended.
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Eleje GU, Akaba GO, Mbachu II, Rabiu A, Loto OM, Usman HA, Fiebai PO, Chukwuanukwu RC, Joe-Ikechebelu NN, Nwankwo CH, Kalu SO, Onubogu CU, Ogbuagu CN, Chukwurah SN, Uzochukwu CE, Inuyomi SO, Adesoji BA, Ogwaluonye UC, Nweje SI, Egeonu RO, Igue OE, Jibuaku CH, Aja PO, Chidozie CP, Ibrahim HS, Aliyu FE, Numan AI, Okoro OD, Omoruyi SA, Oppah IC, Anyang UI, Ahmed A, Umeononihu OS, Umeh EO, Emeka EA, Onwuegbuna AA, Igbodike EP, Ajuba IC, Yakasai IA, Ezechi OC, Ikechebelu JI. Pregnant women's hepatitis B vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a national pilot cross-sectional study. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother 2021; 9:25151355211032595. [PMID: 34377929 PMCID: PMC8327013 DOI: 10.1177/25151355211032595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage, full-dose (⩾3) coverage and the associated factors affecting uptake among pregnant women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal care in six tertiary hospitals across all the geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Pregnant women who consented to the study completed screening questions about their hepatitis B vaccination status and coverage. The main outcome measures were hepatitis B vaccination coverage rate, dose, and factors affecting uptake. Bivariate analysis was performed by the chi-square test and conditional logistic regression analysis was used to determine variables associated with uptake of the vaccination. Odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated and statistical significance was accepted when p-value was < 0.05. RESULTS Of 159 pregnant women who completed the interview questions, 21 [13.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-18.5%] were vaccinated for hepatitis B for one to three doses. The numbers of doses received were: three doses (8/159, 5.0%), two doses (5/159, 3.1%), and one dose (8/159, 5.0%). The reasons for non-uptake of vaccination included: lack of awareness of the vaccine 83/138 (60.1%), inadequate access to vaccine 11/138 (8.0%), and positivity to hepatitis B virus 10/138 (7.2%). The uptake of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly affected by the level of education (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.08-1.01, p = 0.041), but in multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for confounders, the association between hepatitis B vaccination and participants' level of education (aOR 3.09; 95% CI 0.95-10.16; p = 0.061) did not remain significant. CONCLUSIONS In Nigeria, the national hepatitis B vaccination coverage among pregnant women appears poor, with the full-dose coverage even poorer. The level of education was not positively associated with uptake of hepatitis B vaccination, while lack of awareness of the vaccine was the commonest reason for non-uptake. FUNDING TETFund National Research Fund 2019 (grant number TETFund/DR&D/CE/NRF/STI/33).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Uchenna Eleje
- Effective Care Research Unit, Department of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University,
Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Number 49 Nnewi Onitsha Road, 435001,
Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Otuodichinma Akaba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu Innocent Mbachu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ayyuba Rabiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bayero
University, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu
Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Morebise Loto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza Abdullahi Usman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Preye Owen Fiebai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | | | - Ngozi Nneka Joe-Ikechebelu
- Department of Community Medicine, Chukwuemeka
Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Stephen Okoroafor Kalu
- HIV Care Laboratory/HIV Care Department,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Shirley Nneka Chukwurah
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Bukola Abimbola Adesoji
- Department of Nursing, Obafemi Awolowo
University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Richard Obinwanne Egeonu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State,
Nigeria
| | - Odion Emmanuel Igue
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Prince Ogbonnia Aja
- Immunology Unit, Department of Medical
Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Hadiza Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu
Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Ele Aliyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu
Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Ismaila Numan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ogbonna Dennis Okoro
- Department of Parasitology & Entomology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno
State, Nigeria
| | - Solace Amechi Omoruyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma Chioma Oppah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ubong Inyang Anyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aishat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Osita Samuel Umeononihu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State,
Nigeria
| | - Eric Okechukwu Umeh
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ekene Agatha Emeka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Emeka Philip Igbodike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St
Georges Hospital Memorial Centre, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Clara Ajuba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Adamu Yakasai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu
Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State,
Nigeria
| | - Triplex Infection in Pregnancy Collaboration Group
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State,
Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aminu
Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Immunology Unit, Department of Medical
Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Chukwuemeka
Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Statistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Awka, Nigeria
- HIV Care Laboratory/HIV Care Department,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
- Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and
Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka,
Nigeria
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine,
Faculty of Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Mass Communication, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics,
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Nursing, Obafemi Awolowo
University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Nursing, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi
Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Parasitology & Entomology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno
State, Nigeria
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St
Georges Hospital Memorial Centre, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine,
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos,
Nigeria
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11
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Burnett RJ, Dramowski A, Amponsah-Dacosta E, Meyer JC. Increasing hepatitis B vaccination coverage of healthcare workers - global lessons for South Africa. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 71:6-12. [PMID: 33819774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting hepatitis B (HB), a severe blood-borne vaccine-preventable disease, caused by HB virus (HBV) infection. Low HB vaccine (HepB) coverage has resulted in suboptimal protection and high HBV infection rates in South African HCWs. Studies from Africa have identified cost; unavailability/lack of access to HepB; and lack of awareness/knowledge of HB and HepB, as barriers to HCW uptake. Studies from Europe show little difference in HepB coverage between countries mandating versus recommending HepB. Providing easy and sustained access to free HepB to student HCWs, together with education about HB and HepB, are recommended to create demand for HepB. Only if this fails should mandatory vaccination be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Joyce Burnett
- Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Angela Dramowski
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edina Amponsah-Dacosta
- Vaccines for Africa Initiative, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johanna Catharina Meyer
- South African Vaccination and Immunisation Centre, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa; Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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12
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Khatami A, Bahadory S, Ghorbani S, Saadati H, Zarei M, Soleimani A, Zibaei M. Two rivals or colleagues in the liver? Hepatit B virus and Schistosoma mansoni co-infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104828. [PMID: 33744336 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, hepatitis B and schistosomiasis (Mansoni) together affect about 300 million people; which cause hepatic disorders worldwide. Given that little is known about co-infections with hepatitis B and schistosoma mansoni, the present study investigates these two health problems alone and together and their possible correlation. METHODS A search was conducted for reports published between January 1990 and October 2020 by using Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science databases; Out of a total of 20 studies, 14 cross-sectional studies (6329 people) and 6 case-control studies (2138 individual) were reviewed. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), S.mansoni infections, and their co-infections; heterogeneity and the Odds Ratio (OR) were evaluated by Stata 11.2. FINDINGS Among the included studies in the inclusion criteria, the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B, S. mansoni was 34% (95% CI, 0.23-0.46), 41% (95% CI, 0.24-0.59) and their co-infections was 18% (95% CI, 0.11-0.25) by regions. The hepatitis B and S. mansoni correlation was significant in populations with schistosoma compared to control group (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.36-3.30). COMMENTARY Our results showed that in addition to the high global prevalence of hepatitis B- S. mansoni (co) infections in the included studies, there is a significant association between them, especially in people suffering from schistosoma. These results highlight the importance of integrated interventions measurements against coexistence of parasitic and viral diseases. We know that more research studies need to be done in this field and global monitoring should be considered for the co-infection of these two important complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alireza Soleimani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zibaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Evidence-based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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