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van Houtum LAEM, Baaré WFC, Beckmann CF, Castro-Fornieles J, Cecil CAM, Dittrich J, Ebdrup BH, Fegert JM, Havdahl A, Hillegers MHJ, Kalisch R, Kushner SA, Mansuy IM, Mežinska S, Moreno C, Muetzel RL, Neumann A, Nordentoft M, Pingault JB, Preisig M, Raballo A, Saunders J, Sprooten E, Sugranyes G, Tiemeier H, van Woerden GM, Vandeleur CL, van Haren NEM. Running in the FAMILY: understanding and predicting the intergenerational transmission of mental illness. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02423-9. [PMID: 38613677 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Over 50% of children with a parent with severe mental illness will develop mental illness by early adulthood. However, intergenerational transmission of risk for mental illness in one's children is insufficiently considered in clinical practice, nor is it sufficiently utilised into diagnostics and care for children of ill parents. This leads to delays in diagnosing young offspring and missed opportunities for protective actions and resilience strengthening. Prior twin, family, and adoption studies suggest that the aetiology of mental illness is governed by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, potentially mediated by changes in epigenetic programming and brain development. However, how these factors ultimately materialise into mental disorders remains unclear. Here, we present the FAMILY consortium, an interdisciplinary, multimodal (e.g., (epi)genetics, neuroimaging, environment, behaviour), multilevel (e.g., individual-level, family-level), and multisite study funded by a European Union Horizon-Staying-Healthy-2021 grant. FAMILY focuses on understanding and prediction of intergenerational transmission of mental illness, using genetically informed causal inference, multimodal normative prediction, and animal modelling. Moreover, FAMILY applies methods from social sciences to map social and ethical consequences of risk prediction to prepare clinical practice for future implementation. FAMILY aims to deliver: (i) new discoveries clarifying the aetiology of mental illness and the process of resilience, thereby providing new targets for prevention and intervention studies; (ii) a risk prediction model within a normative modelling framework to predict who is at risk for developing mental illness; and (iii) insight into social and ethical issues related to risk prediction to inform clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne A E M van Houtum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William F C Baaré
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital-Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian F Beckmann
- Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FCRB-IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg M Fegert
- President European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven A Kushner
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Medical Faculty, Brain Research Institute, Department of Health Science and Technology of ETH, University of Zurich and Institute for Neuroscience, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Centre, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Signe Mežinska
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Public Health Division, Department of Health and Social Care, Cantonal Socio-Psychiatric Organization, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino, Mendrisio, Switzerland
- Chair of Psychiatry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - John Saunders
- Executive Director European Federation of Associations of Families of People with Mental Illness (EUFAMI), Louvain, Belgium
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FCRB-IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L Vandeleur
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mengelkoch S, Gassen J, Lev-Ari S, Alley JC, Schüssler-Fiorenza Rose SM, Snyder MP, Slavich GM. Multi-omics in stress and health research: study designs that will drive the field forward. Stress 2024; 27:2321610. [PMID: 38425100 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2321610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of stress research, there still exist substantial gaps in our understanding of how social, environmental, and biological factors interact and combine with developmental stressor exposures, cognitive appraisals of stressors, and psychosocial coping processes to shape individuals' stress reactivity, health, and disease risk. Relatively new biological profiling approaches, called multi-omics, are helping address these issues by enabling researchers to quantify thousands of molecules from a single blood or tissue sample, thus providing a panoramic snapshot of the molecular processes occurring in an organism from a systems perspective. In this review, we summarize two types of research designs for which multi-omics approaches are best suited, and describe how these approaches can help advance our understanding of stress processes and the development, prevention, and treatment of stress-related pathologies. We first discuss incorporating multi-omics approaches into theory-rich, intensive longitudinal study designs to characterize, in high-resolution, the transition to stress-related multisystem dysfunction and disease throughout development. Next, we discuss how multi-omics approaches should be incorporated into intervention research to better understand the transition from stress-related dysfunction back to health, which can help inform novel precision medicine approaches to managing stress and fostering biopsychosocial resilience. Throughout, we provide concrete recommendations for types of studies that will help advance stress research, and translate multi-omics data into better health and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer Mengelkoch
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shahar Lev-Ari
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Promotion, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jenna C Alley
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Agusti A, Lamers F, Tamayo M, Benito-Amat C, Molina-Mendoza GV, Penninx BWJH, Sanz Y. The Gut Microbiome in Early Life Stress: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112566. [PMID: 37299527 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life stress (ELS), prenatal or postnatal during childhood and adolescence, can significantly impact mental and physical health. The role of the intestinal microbiome in human health, and particularly mental health, is becoming increasingly evident. This systematic review aims to summarize the clinical data evaluating the effect of ELS on the human intestinal microbiome. The systematic review (CRD42022351092) was performed following PRISMA guidelines, with ELS considered as exposure to psychological stressors prenatally and during early life (childhood and adolescence). Thirteen articles met all inclusion criteria, and all studies reviewed found a link between ELS and the gut microbiome in both prenatal and postnatal periods. However, we failed to find consensus microbiome signatures associated with pre- or postnatal stress, or both. The inconsistency of results is likely attributed to various factors such as different experimental designs, ages examined, questionnaires, timing of sample collection and analysis methods, small population sizes, and the type of stressors. Additional studies using similar stressors and validated stress measures, as well as higher-resolution microbiome analytical approaches, are needed to draw definitive conclusions about the links between stress and the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agusti
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Femke Lamers
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Tamayo
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Benito-Amat
- Institute for the Management and Innovation of Knowledge (INGENIO-CSIC-UPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gara V Molina-Mendoza
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Excellence Center Severo Ochoa-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Valencia, Spain
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Souama C, Lamers F, Milaneschi Y, Vinkers CH, Defina S, Garvert L, Stein F, Woofenden T, Brosch K, Dannlowski U, Galenkamp H, de Graaf R, Jaddoe VWV, Lok A, van Rijn BB, Völzke H, Cecil CAM, Felix JF, Grabe HJ, Kircher T, Lekadir K, Have MT, Walton E, Penninx BWJH. Depression, cardiometabolic disease, and their co-occurrence after childhood maltreatment: an individual participant data meta-analysis including over 200,000 participants. BMC Med 2023; 21:93. [PMID: 36907864 PMCID: PMC10010035 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02769-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment is associated with depression and cardiometabolic disease in adulthood. However, the relationships with these two diseases have so far only been evaluated in different samples and with different methodology. Thus, it remains unknown how the effect sizes magnitudes for depression and cardiometabolic disease compare with each other and whether childhood maltreatment is especially associated with the co-occurrence ("comorbidity") of depression and cardiometabolic disease. This pooled analysis examined the association of childhood maltreatment with depression, cardiometabolic disease, and their comorbidity in adulthood. METHODS We carried out an individual participant data meta-analysis on 13 international observational studies (N = 217,929). Childhood maltreatment comprised self-reports of physical, emotional, and/or sexual abuse before 18 years. Presence of depression was established with clinical interviews or validated symptom scales and presence of cardiometabolic disease with self-reported diagnoses. In included studies, binomial and multinomial logistic regressions estimated sociodemographic-adjusted associations of childhood maltreatment with depression, cardiometabolic disease, and their comorbidity. We then additionally adjusted these associations for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity). Finally, random-effects models were used to pool these estimates across studies and examined differences in associations across sex and maltreatment types. RESULTS Childhood maltreatment was associated with progressively higher odds of cardiometabolic disease without depression (OR [95% CI] = 1.27 [1.18; 1.37]), depression without cardiometabolic disease (OR [95% CI] = 2.68 [2.39; 3.00]), and comorbidity between both conditions (OR [95% CI] = 3.04 [2.51; 3.68]) in adulthood. Post hoc analyses showed that the association with comorbidity was stronger than with either disease alone, and the association with depression was stronger than with cardiometabolic disease. Associations remained significant after additionally adjusting for lifestyle factors, and were present in both males and females, and for all maltreatment types. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis revealed that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment suffer more often from depression and cardiometabolic disease than their non-exposed peers. These adults are also three times more likely to have comorbid depression and cardiometabolic disease. Childhood maltreatment may therefore be a clinically relevant indicator connecting poor mental and somatic health. Future research should investigate the potential benefits of early intervention in individuals with a history of maltreatment on their distal mental and somatic health (PROSPERO CRD42021239288).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Souama
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan H Vinkers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, 1081 HJ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Defina
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Garvert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tom Woofenden
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron de Graaf
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Lok
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas B van Rijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/KEF, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine F Felix
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karim Lekadir
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Lab, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margreet Ten Have
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Mental Health Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress, and Sleep Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Modulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response mitigates the behavioral effects of early-life stress. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:293-319. [PMID: 36843201 PMCID: PMC10060333 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life stress (ELS) affects brain development and increases the risk of mental disorders associated with the dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The mechanisms of ELS action are not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) are cellular processes involved in brain maturation through the regulation of pro-survival or proapoptotic processes. We hypothesized that ER stress and the UPR in the mPFC are involved in the neurobiology of ELS. METHODS We performed a maternal separation (MS) procedure from postnatal days 1 to 14 in rats. Before each MS, pups were injected with an inhibitor of ER stress, salubrinal or a vehicle. The mRNA and protein expression of UPR and apoptotic markers were evaluated in the mPFC using RT-qPCR and Western blot methods, respectively. We also estimated the numbers of neurons and glial cells using stereological methods. Additionally, we assessed behavioral phenotypes related to fear, anhedonia and response to psychostimulants. RESULTS MS slightly enhanced the activation of the UPR in juveniles and modulated the expression of apoptotic markers in juveniles and preadolescents but not in adults. Additionally, MS did not affect the numbers of neurons and glial cells at any age. Both salubrinal and vehicle blunted the expression of UPR markers in juvenile and preadolescent MS rats, often in a treatment-specific manner. Moreover, salubrinal and vehicle generally alleviated the behavioral effects of MS in preadolescent and adult rats. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of ER stress and UPR processes may potentially underlie susceptibility or resilience to ELS.
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Boscardin C, Manuella F, Mansuy IM. Paternal transmission of behavioural and metabolic traits induced by postnatal stress to the 5th generation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac024. [PMID: 36518875 PMCID: PMC9730319 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Life experiences and environmental conditions in childhood can change the physiology and behaviour of exposed individuals and, in some cases, of their offspring. In rodent models, stress/trauma, poor diet, and endocrine disruptors in a parent have been shown to cause phenotypes in the direct progeny, suggesting intergenerational inheritance. A few models also examined transmission to further offspring and suggested transgenerational inheritance, but such multigenerational inheritance is not well characterized. Our previous work on a mouse model of early postnatal stress showed that behaviour and metabolism are altered in the offspring of exposed males up to the 4th generation in the patriline and up to the 2nd generation in the matriline. The present study examined if symptoms can be transmitted beyond the 4th generation in the patriline. Analyses of the 5th and 6th generations of mice revealed that altered risk-taking and glucose regulation caused by postnatal stress are still manifested in the 5th generation but are attenuated in the 6th generation. Some of the symptoms are expressed in both males and females, but some are sex-dependent and sometimes opposite. These results indicate that postnatal trauma can affect behaviour and metabolism over many generations, suggesting epigenetic mechanisms of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Boscardin
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology of ETH Zürich, Centre for Neuroscience Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Manuella
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine of the University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology of ETH Zürich, Centre for Neuroscience Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- *Correspondence address. Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland. Tel: +41 44 6353360; Fax: +41 44 635 33 03; E-mail:
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Kingston A, Wittenberg R, Hu B, Jagger C. Projections of dependency and associated social care expenditure for the older population in England to 2038: effect of varying disability progression. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6649132. [PMID: 35871421 PMCID: PMC9308990 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives to assess the effect of recent stalling of life expectancy and various scenarios for disability progression on projections of social care expenditure between 2018 and 2038, and the likelihood of reaching the Ageing Society Grand Challenge mission of five extra healthy, independent years at birth. Design two linked projections models: the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model and the Care Policy and Evaluation Centre long-term care projections model, updated to include 2018-based population projections. Population PACSim: about 303,589 individuals aged 35 years and over (a 1% random sample of the England population in 2014) created from three nationally representative longitudinal ageing studies. Main outcome measures Total social care expenditure (public and private) for older people, and men and women’s independent life expectancy at age 65 (IndLE65) under five scenarios of changing disability progression and recovery with and without lower life expectancy. Results between 2018 and 2038, total care expenditure was projected to increase by 94.1%–1.25% of GDP; men’s IndLE65 increasing by 14.7% (range 11.3–16.5%), exceeding the 8% equivalent of the increase in five healthy, independent years at birth, although women’s IndLE65 increased by only 4.7% (range 3.2–5.8%). A 10% reduction in disability progression and increase in recovery resulted in the lowest increase in total care expenditure and increases in both men’s and women’s IndLE65 exceeding 8%. Conclusions interventions that slow down disability progression, and improve recovery, could significantly reduce social care expenditure and meet government targets for increases in healthy, independent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kingston
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Raphael Wittenberg
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Bo Hu
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre (CPEC), London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Carol Jagger
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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