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Klünemann M, Romero LF, Acman M, Milfort MC, Fuller AL, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE, Payling LM, Lemme A. Multitissue transcriptomics demonstrates the systemic physiology of methionine deficiency in broiler chickens. Animal 2024; 18:101143. [PMID: 38640782 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) supplementation is common practice in broilers to support nutrition, yet there are gaps in the understanding of its role in systemic physiology. Furthermore, several different Met sources are available that may have different physiological effects. This study evaluated the mode of action of Met deficiency (no Met-supplementation) and supplementation (0.25% DL- or L-Met, 0.41% liquid methionine hydroxy analog-free acid (MHA-FA)), and of Met source (DL-, L- or MHA-FA) in broiler chickens, via host transcriptomics. Biological pathway activation modeling was performed to predict the likely phenotypic effects of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tissue samples from the jejunum, liver and breast obtained at 10, 21 and 34/35 d of age from three experiments in a combined analysis. Animal performance data showed that Met deficiency reduced BW, daily BW gain, daily feed intake, and breast yield, and increased feed conversion ratio in all experiments (P < 0.05). Effects of Met deficiency on gene expression were least evident in the jejunum and most evident in the liver and breast, as evidenced by the number of DEG and activated pathways. Activated pathways suggested Met deficiency was associated with inhibited protein turnover, gut barrier integrity, and adaptive immunity functions in the jejunum, that predicted reduced breast yield. There was an interaction with age; in Met-deficient birds, there were 333 DEGs in the jejunum of starter vs finisher birds suggesting young birds were more sensitive to Met deficiency than older birds. In the liver, Met deficiency activated pathways associated with lipid turnover, amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and the immune system, whereas in breast, it activated pathways involved in metabolic regulation, hemostasis, the neuronal system, and oxidative stress, again predicting a negative impact on breast yield. In the starter phase, supplementation with DL-Met compared to MHA-FA inhibited gamma-aminobutyric acid activity and oxidative stress in breast tissue. When data from all tissues were integrated, increased expression of a liver gene (ENSGALG00000042797) was found to be correlated with the expression of several genes that best explained variation due to the Met deficiency in jejunum and breast muscle. Some of these genes were involved in anti-oxidant systems. Overall, the findings indicate that impaired growth performance due to Met deficiency results from an array of tissue-specific molecular mechanisms in which oxidative stress plays a key systemic role. Young birds are more sensitive to Met-deficiency and DL-Met was a preferential source of Met than L- or MHA-FA during the starter phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klünemann
- Animal Nutrition Research, Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau Germany
| | | | | | - M C Milfort
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - A L Fuller
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - R Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - S E Aggrey
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | | | - A Lemme
- Animal Nutrition Research, Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau Germany.
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Ghareeb AFA, Foutz JC, Schneiders GH, Richter JN, Milfort MC, Fuller AL, Rekaya R, Aggrey SE. Host transcriptome response to heat stress and Eimeria maxima infection in meat-type chickens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296350. [PMID: 38394169 PMCID: PMC10889870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eimeria (E.) maxima parasite infects chickens' midgut disrupting the jejunal and ileal mucosa causing high morbidity and mortality. Heat stress (HS) is a seasonal stressor that impacts biological functions leading to poor performance. This study elucidates how HS, E. maxima infection, and their combination affect the ileum transcriptome. Two-hundred and forty 2-week-old males Ross708 chickens were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: thermoneutral-control (TNc), thermoneutral-infected (TNi), heat-stress control (HSc), and heat stress-infected (HSi), with 6 replicates each of 10 birds. Infected groups received 200x103 sporulated E. maxima oocysts/bird, and heat-treated groups were raised at 35°C. At 6-day post-treatment, ileums of five randomly selected chickens per group were sampled, RNA was extracted and sequenced. A total of 413, 3377, 1908, and 2304 DEGs were identified when applying the comparisons: TNc vs HSc, TNc vs TNi, HSi vs HSc, and TNi vs HSi, respectively, at cutoff ≥1.2-fold change (FDR: q<0.05). HSc vs TNc showed upregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and degradation/metabolism of multiple amino acids; and downregulation of most immune-related and protein synthesis pathways. TNc vs TNi displayed upregulation of most of immune-associated pathways and eukaryotic mRNA maturation pathways; and downregulation of fatty acid metabolism and multiple amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan. Comparing HSi versus HSc and TNi revealed that combining the two stressors restored the expression of some cellular functions, e.g., oxidative phosphorylation and protein synthesis; and downregulate immune response pathways associated with E. maxima infection. During E. maxima infection under HS the calcium signaling pathway was downregulated, including genes responsible for increasing the cytoplasmic calcium concentration; and tryptophan metabolism was upregulated, including genes that contribute to catabolizing tryptophan through serotonin and indole pathways; which might result in reducing the cytoplasmic pool of nutrients and calcium available for the parasite to scavenge and consequently might affect the parasite's reproductive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. A. Ghareeb
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James C. Foutz
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gustavo H. Schneiders
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer N. Richter
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marie C. Milfort
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alberta L. Fuller
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Romdhane Rekaya
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel E. Aggrey
- NutriGenomics Laboratory, Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Izquierdo VDS, da Silva Menezes B, Lopes MG, Malaguez EG, Lopes F, Pereira FM, Brauner CC, Moriel P, Corrêa MN, Schmitt E. Rumen-protected methionine modulates body temperature and reduces the incidence of heat stress temperatures during the hottest hours of the day of grazing heat-stressed Bos indicus beef cows. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13980. [PMID: 39054255 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on body thermoregulation and conception rate of Nelore cows exposed to high temperature-humidity index (THI). On -31 days before the artificial insemination protocol, 562 lactating, multiparous cows were assigned to receive (MG) or not (CG) RPM supplementation (3 g/cow mixed into 100 g of mineral supplement). Both groups remained in tropical pastures and received supplementation for 77 days. A subset of cows (n = 142) remained with an intravaginal thermometer collecting intravaginal temperature (IT). The respective minimum, average, and maximum environmental THI were 72.8, 78.0, and 83.3. Effects of treatment × hour of the day were detected (P < 0.0001) for IT. From 1330 to 1730 h and 1830 to 1900 h, IT was higher (P < 0.05) for CG versus MG cows when exposed to moderate and high THI. The supplementation with RPM did not affect conception rate (CG = 64.4% vs. MG = 58.2%; P > 0.05). In conclusion, 3 g of RPM supplementation lowered internal body temperature and possibly altered critical THI threshold in Nelore cows with no impact on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius de Souza Izquierdo
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bernardo da Silva Menezes
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia FAEM UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gomes Lopes
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Elanco São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgard Gonçalves Malaguez
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia FAEM UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cassio Cassal Brauner
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia FAEM UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Philipe Moriel
- Range Cattle Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ona, Florida
| | - Marcio Nunes Corrêa
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Schmitt
- Center for Research, Education and Extension in Livestock (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia FAEM UFPel, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kim DY, Han GP, Lim C, Kim JM, Kil DY. Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the liver transcriptome profile in broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1632-1646. [PMID: 37654169 PMCID: PMC10623048 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary betaine (BT) supplementation on the hepatic transcriptome profiles in broiler chickens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. METHODS A total of 180 (21-d-old) Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 6 replicated cages in a completely randomized design. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions at all times and was fed a basal diet (PC). Other 2 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 2 groups under heat stress conditions was fed the basal diet as a negative control (NC), whereas the other group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% BT. All chickens were provided with diets and water ad libitum for 21 d. Following the experiment, the liver samples were collected for RNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS Broiler chickens in NC and BT group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance. In the transcriptome analysis, the number of differentially expressed genes were identified in the liver by HS conditions and dietary BT supplementation. In the comparison between NC and PC treatments, genes related to energy and nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and immune system were altered by HS, which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased growth performance. In the comparison between NC and BT treatments, genes related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune system were differently expressed under HS conditions. CONCLUSION HS negatively impacts various physiological processes, including DNA replication, metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, and cell cycle progression in broiler chickens. Dietary BT supplementation, however, offers potential counteractive effects by modulating liver function, facilitating gluconeogenesis, and enhancing immune systems. These findings provide a basis for understanding molecular responses by HS and the possible benefits of dietary BT supplementation in broiler chickens exposed to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Yun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Chiwoong Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
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Cloacal temperature responses of broiler chickens administered with fisetin and probiotic ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and exposed to heat stress. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/exp.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There is dearth information on the role of fisetin as an antistress agent in ameliorating heat stress in broiler chickens. Here, we experimentally compared probiotic, an antioxidant and antistress agent, with fisetin, an antioxidant agent with little or no report on its antistress effect. Sixty-day-old broiler chickens (Arbo Acre breed) were allotted into 4 groups of 15 birds each as follows; control, fisetin, probiotic, and fisetin + probiotic groups, respectively. All administrations were performed orally through gavage for the treatment groups. The environmental and cloacal temperature (CT) parameters were measured bi-hourly at Days 21, 28, and 35 from 7:00 to 7:00 hr, during the period of study. The environmental parameters exceeded the thermoneutral zone for broiler chickens. The probiotic-supplemented group had the least overall mean CT values all through the experimental period. Based on our findings, fisetin was not a potent antistress agent in mitigating heat stress in birds.
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