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Kamwa R, Khurajog B, Muangsin N, Pupa P, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Water-soluble microencapsulation using gum Arabic and skim milk enhances viability and efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic strains for application in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0446. [PMID: 38575120 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a water-soluble microencapsulation method for probiotic strains using gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) over a three-month storage period following processing. Methods Four strains of Pediococcus acidilactici (BYF26, BYF20, BF9, and BF14) that were typical lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the chicken gut were mixed with different ratios of gum Arabic (GA) and skim milk (SKM) as coating agents before spray drying at an inlet temperature 140°C. After processing, the survivability and probiotic qualities of the strains were assessed from two weeks to three months of storage at varied temperatures, and de-encapsulation was performed to confirm the soluble properties. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the probiotics was assessed under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Results As shown by scanning electron microscopy, spray-drying produced a spherical, white-yellow powder. The encapsulation efficacy (EE percent) was greatest for a coating containing a combination of 30% gum Arabic: 30% skim milk (w/v) (GA:SKM30) compared to lower concentrations of the two ingredients (p<0.05). Coating with GA:SKM30 (w/v) significantly enhanced (p<0.05) BYF26 survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions (pH 2.5-3) and maintained higher survival rates compared to non-encapsulated cells under an artificial intestinal juices (AIJ) condition of pH 6. De-encapsulation tests indicated that the encapsulated powder dissolved in water while keeping viable cell counts within the effective range of 106 for 6 hours. In addition, following three months storage at 4°C, microencapsulation of BYF26 in GA:SKM30 maintained both the number of viable cells (p<0.05) and the preparation's antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, specifically strains of Salmonella. Conclusion Our prototype water-soluble probiotic microencapsulation GA:SKM30 effectively maintains LAB characteristics and survival rates, demonstrating its potential for use in preserving probiotic strains that can be used in chickens and potentially in other livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanida Kamwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Benjamas Khurajog
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nongnut Muangsin
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring Animal Pathogens (DMAP). Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - David John Hampson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
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Cai Y, Gao L, Song B, Song Z. Lysolecithins improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunity, and antioxidant ability in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2024:ab.23.0442. [PMID: 38419537 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with lysolecithins (LPC) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, immunity, and liver health in broiler chickens. Methods A cohort of 240 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers of comparable weight was divided into four treatment groups, each comprising six replicates of 10 birds. The groups were defined as follows: positive control with recommended metabolizable energy (PC+ME), negative control with 90 kcal/kg reduced ME (NC+ME), PC supplemented with 300 mg/kg LPC (PC+LPC), and NC supplemented with 300 mg/kg LPC (NC+LPC). Results LPC supplementation led to a statistically significant reduction in the feed conversion ratio (P = 0.05) and a decrease in the proportion of abdominal fat and the liver (P<0.05). Digestibility of dry matter was also enhanced (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver were significantly reduced by LPC (P<0.01), with a noteworthy interaction between energy levels and LPC affecting this reduction (P<0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-6 were reduced on day 21, and both endotoxin and interleukin-6 levels were lower on day 42. Notably, a significant interaction was observed between the energy levels and LPC on relative liver weight and endotoxin concentrations in the serum (P<0.05). Conclusion The study concluded that LPC positively affects growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and antioxidative capacity in broiler chickens, affirming its value as a beneficial feed additive in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Cai
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Kim DY, Han GP, Lim C, Kim JM, Kil DY. Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the liver transcriptome profile in broiler chickens under heat stress conditions. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:1632-1646. [PMID: 37654169 PMCID: PMC10623048 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary betaine (BT) supplementation on the hepatic transcriptome profiles in broiler chickens raised under heat stress (HS) conditions. METHODS A total of 180 (21-d-old) Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment groups with 6 replicated cages in a completely randomized design. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions at all times and was fed a basal diet (PC). Other 2 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 2 groups under heat stress conditions was fed the basal diet as a negative control (NC), whereas the other group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.2% BT. All chickens were provided with diets and water ad libitum for 21 d. Following the experiment, the liver samples were collected for RNA sequencing analysis. RESULTS Broiler chickens in NC and BT group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance. In the transcriptome analysis, the number of differentially expressed genes were identified in the liver by HS conditions and dietary BT supplementation. In the comparison between NC and PC treatments, genes related to energy and nucleic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and immune system were altered by HS, which support the reason why heat-stressed poultry had decreased growth performance. In the comparison between NC and BT treatments, genes related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune system were differently expressed under HS conditions. CONCLUSION HS negatively impacts various physiological processes, including DNA replication, metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, and cell cycle progression in broiler chickens. Dietary BT supplementation, however, offers potential counteractive effects by modulating liver function, facilitating gluconeogenesis, and enhancing immune systems. These findings provide a basis for understanding molecular responses by HS and the possible benefits of dietary BT supplementation in broiler chickens exposed to HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Yun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Chiwoong Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546,
Korea
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Nagalakshm D, Srilatha T, Paul SS, Prakash B, Kannan A. Higher concentrations of folic acid reduced the dietary requirements of supplemental methionine for commercial broilers. Anim Biosci 2023:ab.22.0374. [PMID: 37402450 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing DL methionine (DL Met) at graded concentrations on performance, carcass variables, immune responses and antioxidant variables in broiler chicken fed folic acid (FA) fortified (4mg/kg) low-methionine diet. Methods A basal diet (BD) without supplemental DL Met, but with higher level (4 mg/kg) of FA and a control diet (CD) with the recommended concentration of methionine (Met) were prepared. The BD was supplemented with DL Met at graded concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% supplemental DL Met of CD). Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 5 broiler male chicks in each from 1 to 42 d of age. Results Body weight gain (BWG) reduced, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased in broilers fed low-Met BD. At 30 and 20% inclusion of DL Met, the BWG and FCR were similar to those fed the CD. Similarly, supplementation of 10% DL Met to the BD significantly increased ready to cook meat yield and breast meat weight, which were similar to those of the CD fed broilers. Lipid peroxidation reduced, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (GSHPx and GSHRx) in serum increased and lymphocyte proliferation increased with increased supplemental DL Met level in the BD. The concentrations of total protein and albumin in serum increased with DL Met supplementation to the BD. Conclusion Based on the data, it can be concluded that supplemental Met can be reduced to less than 50% in broiler chicken diets (4.40, 3.94 and 3.39g/kg, respectively in pre-starter, starter and finisher phases) containing 4 mg/kg FA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M V L N Raju
- ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Nagalakshm
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - T Srilatha
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - S S Paul
- ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Prakash
- ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Kannan
- ICAR - Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
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Vimon S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 and its probiotic effect on growth performance, cecal microbiome and gut integrity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Anim Biosci 2023:ab.22.0426. [PMID: 37170518 PMCID: PMC10330975 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Microencapsulation technologies have been developed and successfully applied to protect the probiotic bacterial cells damaged by environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulation of L. plantarum MB001 on the growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, jejunal histomorphology and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds). Treatments included, i) a basal diet (NC), ii) NC + avilamycin (10 mg/kg) (PC), iii) NC + non-encapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) (N-LP), iv) NC + microencapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1 × 108 CFU/kg of diet) (ME-LP). Results Dietary supplementation of ME-LP improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas ME-LP did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. Both N-LP and ME-LP improved apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared with NC group (p<0.05). The broilers fed ME-LP supplemented diet exhibited a beneficial effect on jejunal histomorphology of villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of broilers compared to NC group (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (p<0.05) and Proteobacteria was decreased (p<0.05) only in the ME-LP group. At the genus level, the ME-LP diets increased (p<0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus compared to NC, PC and N-LP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Microencapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics. ME-LP could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of cecal microbiota, gut integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasi Vimon
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Thuekeaw S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C. Microencapsulated basil oil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) enhances growth performance, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in the tropics. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:752-762. [PMID: 34991219 PMCID: PMC9065782 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulated basil oil (MBO) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal histomorphology, bacterial population as well as antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. METHODS A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds), based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (NC), ii) basal diet with avilamycin at 10 ppm (PC), iii) basal diet with free basil oil (FBO) at 500 ppm, and iv) basal diet with MBO at 500 ppm, respectively. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of MBO improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas MBO did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. The broilers fed MBO diet exhibited a greater AID of crude protein and gross energy compared with those in other groups (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli populations were not affected by feeding dietary treatments. Both FBO and MBO had positive effects on jejunal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) and villus surface area of broilers compared to NC and PC groups (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase level in the duodenal mucosa of MBO group was significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Microencapsulation could be considered as a promising driver of the basil oil efficiency, consequently MBO at 500 ppm could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of intestinal integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Thuekeaw
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
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Kongsup P, Lertjirakul S, Chotimanothum B, Chundang P, Kovitvadhi A. Effects of eri silkworm (Samia ricini) pupae inclusion in broiler diets on growth performances, health, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:711-720. [PMID: 34991221 PMCID: PMC9065787 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of eri silkworm pupae meal (Samia ricini) to add to the broiler diet. METHODS Two hundred 1-day-old male chicks with initial weight at 50.03±0.56 g/chick were divided into four groups (five replicates per group and ten chicks per replicate): a control group fed a corn-soybean diet and experimental groups supplemented with 5%, 10%, or 15% eri silkworm pupae meal. All experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated respecting nutrient requirements. Growth performances were collected during the experimental period and other parameters were collected at the end of experiment when broilers reached thirty-eight days old. RESULTS A higher cold carcass weight and skin yellowness in the broilers fed 10% eri silkworm pupae meal compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 10% eri silkworm pupae meal is suggested for the broiler diet formulation because it did not cause any serious negative consequences on growth performance, health status, carcass characteristics and meat quality. However, the usage of eri silkworm pupae meal at 15% is not recommend because it led to negative outcomes. CONCLUSION The addition of eri silkworm pupae at 10% can be used as an alternative protein sources for broiler chickens which provided benefits on cold carcass weight and skin yellowness without adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penpicha Kongsup
- Animal Health and Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Somporn Lertjirakul
- The Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Banthari Chotimanothum
- The Queen Sirikit Department of Sericulture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pipatpong Chundang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Attawit Kovitvadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Kim DY, Kim JH, Choi WJ, Han GP, Kil DY. Comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1839-1848. [PMID: 34445851 PMCID: PMC8563245 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the comparative effects of dietary functional nutrients including glutamine (Gln), chromium picolinate (Cr picolinate), vitamin C (Vit C), betaine (Bet), and taurine (Tau) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and stress biomarkers in broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Methods A total of 420 21-d-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens (initial body weight = 866±61.9 g) were randomly allotted to 1 of 7 treatment groups with 6 replicates. One group was kept under thermoneutral conditions and was fed a basal diet (PC, positive control). Other 6 groups were exposed to a cyclic heat stress condition. One of the 6 groups was fed the basal diet (NC, negative control), whereas 5 other groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln, 500 ppb Cr picolinate, 250 mg/kg Vit C, 0.2% Bet, or 1.0% Tau. The diets and water were provided ad libitum for 21 d. Results Broiler chickens in NC group had decreased (p<0.05) growth performance and immune responses measured based on cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH), but increased (p<0.05) stress responses measured based on feather corticosterone concentrations and blood heterophil:lymphocyte than those in PC group. However, none of dietary functional nutrients had a positive effect on growth performance of broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg Vit C improved (p<0.05) CBH responses of broiler chickens, but other functional nutrients had no such an improvement in CBH responses. All functional nutrients decreased (p<0.05) stress responses of broiler chickens. Conclusion Functional nutrients including Gln, Cr picolinate, Vit C, Bet, and Tau at the supplemental levels used in this study decrease stress responses of broiler chickens to a relatively similar extent. However, this reduction in stress responses could not fully ameliorate decreased productive performance of broiler chickens raised under the current heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Yun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Paul SS, Nagalakshmi D, Srilatha T, Prakash B, Rajkumar U. Enhancement of performance and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diets containing sub-optimal methionine level with graded concentrations of sulphur and folic acid. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:721-729. [PMID: 34530515 PMCID: PMC9065786 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing graded concentrations of inorganic sulphur (S) without and with folic acid (FA) in maize-soybean meal diets on performance, slaughter and anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein fractions in broiler chicken. Methods Inorganic S was supplemented at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20% alone or in combination with FA (4 mg/kg) in basal diet (BD) containing no supplemental methionine (Met) and FA. A control group was fed with the recommended concentration of Met. Each diet was offered to 10 pens of 5 male broiler chicks (Cobb 400) and fed ad libitum from day 1 to 42. Results The broilers fed the BD had lower body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), higher lipid peroxidation (LP), lower activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lower lymphocyte proliferation ratio (LPR), and reduced concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in serum. Supplementation of FA and S to the BD improved the BWG (all concentrations of S) and FE (0.20% S) similar to the control group. Similarly, the combination of S and FA significantly improved the concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in serum, reduced the LP and increased the activity of GSHPx and LPR. However, responses in the above parameters were related to the concentration of S in the diet. The slaughter variables and antibody titres against the Newcastle disease were not affected with the treatments. Conclusion Based on the results, it is concluded that the combination of S (0.2%) and FA (4 mg/kg) improved the body weight gain and feed efficiency, similarly supplementation of these nutrients improved the concentration of protein fractions and reduced the stress (reduced LP and improved GSHPx) variables in serum and improved the cell mediated immune response (LPR) in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of Met in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shyam Sunder Paul
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Telangana, India
| | | | - Thota Srilatha
- PVNR Telangana Veterinary University, Hyderabad, 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - Bhukya Prakash
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ullengala Rajkumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Telangana, India
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Rama Rao SV, Raju MVLN, Prakash B, Paul SS, Nagalakshmi D. Effect of methyl donors supplementation on performance, immune responses and anti-oxidant variables in broiler chicken fed diet without supplemental methionine. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:475-483. [PMID: 34289581 PMCID: PMC8902221 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methionine (Met) is involved in methyl group transfer besides protein synthesis. As the availability is limited and cost is high for synthetic Met, reductions in its inclusion in broiler diet may be possible by supplementing the low Met diets with methyl donors (MD) like betaine (Bet), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12 (B12) and biotin (Bio). An experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing the MD on performance (average daily gain - ADG, daily feed intake - DFI, feed efficiency - FE), anti-oxidant variables, immune responses and serum protein concentration in broilers fed sub-optimal concentrations of dietary Met. Methods Maize-soybean meal diet was used as control -(CD). Different MD like Bet (0.2%), B12 (0.1 mg), FA (4 mg), or Bio (1.5 mg/kg) were supplemented to BD having no supplemental Met. The BD without MD was kept for comparison. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates of 25 chicks in each from 1-42 d of age. Results At the end of experiment, the ADG in MD group was higher than BD and lower than CD. The FE improved with FA or Bet compared to the BD. Breast meat weight was higher in Bet compared to the BD, while it was intermediate between BD and CD in other groups. The lipid peroxidation reduced with Bio, B12 or Bet, while the GSHPx activity improved with Bio or B12 compared to the BD. Lymphocyte proliferation improved with Bet compared to the BD. The serum protein concentrations increased with FA, Bio or Bet compared to those fed BD. Conclusion It can be concluded that the ADG can be improved partially with supplementation of MD while the FE improved with FA or betaine. Some MD also reduced the stress indices and improved immune responses compared to the BD fed broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhukya Prakash
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Telangana, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Paul
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500030, Telangana, India
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Choi WJ, Kim JH, Han GP, Kwon CH, Kil DY. Effects of dietary hatchery by-products on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, meat quality, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1181-1192. [PMID: 33561330 PMCID: PMC8255869 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of dietary hatchery by-products (HBPs) as a replacement of fish meal (FM) on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, meat quality, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Methods A total of 720 broiler chickens (3 d of age) were randomly allotted to 1 of 9 treatments with 8 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 5 male and 5 female birds. The basal diet was formulated to contain 5.0% commercial FM, whereas eight treatment diets were prepared by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of FM in the basal diet with infertile eggs (IFE) or a mixture of various HBPs (MIX); therefore, the inclusion levels of IFE or MIX in the experimental diets were 1.25%, 2.50%, 3.75%, or 5.00%. The diets and water were provided on an ad libitum basis for 32 d. Results Increasing inclusion levels of IFE as a replacement of FM in diets had no effects on growth performance, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics of broiler chickens. Increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) meat lightness (L*) but decreased (linear, p<0.05) meat redness (a*). The breast meat pH at 1-h postmortem was increased (linear, p<0.05) by increasing inclusion levels of IFE in diets. Likewise, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets had no effects on growth performance, relative organ weight, plasma measurements, immune organ index, and tibia characteristics. However, increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets increased (linear, p<0.05) 1-h postmortem pH but decreased (linear, p<0.05) 24-h postmortem pH of breast meat. Increasing inclusion levels of MIX in diets decreased (linear, p<0.05) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast meat. Conclusion Both IFE and MIX are suitable alternatives to FM as protein ingredients in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Chan Ho Kwon
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Wan X, Yang Z, Ji H, Li N, Yang Z, Xu L, Yang H, Wang Z. Effects of lycopene on abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids levels and hepatic lipid metabolism-related enzymes in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:385-392. [PMID: 33152222 PMCID: PMC7961199 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of lycopene on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipids levels, activities of hepatic lipid metabolism related enzymes and genes expression in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 256 healthy one-day-old male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of eight birds each. Birds were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene, respectively. Results Dietary 100 mg/kg lycopene increased the body weight at 21 day of age compared to the control group (p<0.05). Compared to the basal diet, broilers fed diet with 100 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat weight, and broilers fed diet with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene had decreased abdominal fat percentage (p<0.05). Compared to control, diets with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene reduced the levels of total triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum, and diets with 100 and 200 mg/kg lycopene reduced the level of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). The activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers and the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg lycopene treated broilers were lower than those fed basal diet (p<0.05). Lycopene increased the mRNA abundance of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPK-α), whereas decreased the mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, FAS, and ACC compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion Dietary lycopene supplementation can alleviate abdominal fat deposition and decrease serum lipids levels, possibly through activating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby regulating lipid metabolism such as lipogenesis. Therefore, lycopene or lycopene-rich plant materials might be added to poultry feed to regulate lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhengfeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haoran Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Khan HG, Rashid A, Khan SA, Yousaf MJ, Aman F, Shoaib M. Comparison Of The Effects Of Broiler And Domestic Chicken Meat On Serum Testosterone And Luteinizing Hormone Levels In Rats. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2019; 31:485-490. [PMID: 31933296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of study is to evaluate and compare the effects of broiler chicken fed with commercially available feed and chicken fed with organic diet on serum testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone levels in Sprague Dawley rats. It was a randomized controlled trial conducted in Multi-Disciplinary Laboratory of Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad from November 2017 to April 2019. METHODS Ninety male early weaned Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assorted into three groups (n=30). Group I control rats were nourished on standard pelleted diet. Group-II rats were nourished with organic chicken meat along with their standard pelleted diet. Group-III rats were nourished with broiler chicken meat along with their standard pelleted diet. Serum Testosterone and Luteinizing Hormone levels were estimated through ELISA. Weight gain and the % growth rate were also estimated. Mean±SD values of all variables were calculated. One-way ANOVA was applied to determine the significance among groups followed by Tuckey's HSD post hoc test. p-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The current study demonstrated significant increase in serum Testosterone levels (p=0.002) and a significant decrease in serum Luteinizing Hormone levels (p=0.003) between control and broiler meat fed rats (Group-III). The study also showed significant increase in weight gain and % growth rate (p<0.001) in both experimental groups as compared to control group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of our study we propose that broiler chicken meat consumption could be the potential cause of hormonal imbalance and out of proportion weight gain and growth in experimental rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Gul Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Rashid
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pathology, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javad Yousaf
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Faiza Aman
- Animal Science Department, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Animal Science Department, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Heak C, Sukon P, Sornplang P. Effect of direct-fed microbials on culturable gut microbiotas in broiler chickens: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:1781-1794. [PMID: 29879823 PMCID: PMC6212764 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the overall effect of direct-fed microbial (DFM) or probiotic supplementation on the log concentrations of culturable gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Methods Relevant studies were collected from PubMed, SCOPUS, Poultry Science Journal, and Google Scholar. The studies included controlled trials using DFM supplementation in broiler chickens and reporting log concentrations of the culturable gut microbiota. The overall effect of DFM supplementation was determined using standardized mean difference (SMD) with a random-effects model. Subgroups were analyzed to identify pre-specified characteristics possibly associated with the heterogeneity of the results. Risk of bias and publication bias were assessed. Results Eighteen taxa of the culturable gut microbiota were identified from 42 studies. The overall effect of DFM supplementation on the log concentrations of all 18 taxa did not differ significantly from the controls (SMD = −0.06, 95% confidence interval [−0.16, 0.04], p = 0.228, I2 = 85%, n = 699 comparisons), but the 18 taxa could be further classified into three categories by the direction of the effect size: taxa whose log concentrations did not differ significantly from the controls (category 1), taxa whose log concentrations increased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 2), and taxa whose log concentrations decreased significantly with DFM supplementation (category 3). Category 1 comprised nine taxa, including total bacterial counts. Category 2 comprised four taxa: Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium butyricum, and Lactobacillus. Category 3 comprised five taxa: Clostridium perfringens, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Salmonella. Some characteristics identified by the subgroup analysis were associated with result heterogeneity. Most studies, however, were present with unclear risk of bias. Publication bias was also identified. Conclusion DFM supplementation increased the concentrations of some beneficial bacteria (e.g. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and decreased those of some detrimental bacteria (e.g. Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella) in the guts of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaiden Heak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.,Research Group for Animal Health Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pairat Sornplang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Lee BB, Yang TS, Goo D, Choi HS, Pitargue FM, Jung H, Kil DY. Effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on the additivity of true metabolizable energy values for broiler diets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2018; 31:564-568. [PMID: 29381897 PMCID: PMC5838329 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary β-mannanase on the additivity of true metabolizable energy (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) for broiler diets. Methods A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. Additional 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary β-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and TMEn values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary β-mannanase were determined. Results Results indicated that when β-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and TMEn values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the additivity. However, for the diet containing β-mannanase, measured TMEn value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted TMEn value, indicating that the additivity was not validated. Conclusion In conclusion, the additivity of energy values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains β-mannanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Bo Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Doyun Goo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | | | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 54875, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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Kim JH, Jung H, Pitargue FM, Han GP, Choi HS, Kil DY. Effect of dietary calcium concentrations in low non-phytate phosphorus diets containing phytase on growth performance, bone mineralization, litter quality, and footpad dermatitis incidence in growing broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2017; 30:979-983. [PMID: 28427257 PMCID: PMC5495677 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Ca concentrations in low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets containing phytase on growth performance, bone mineralization, litter quality, and footpad dermatitis (FPD) incidence in growing broiler chickens. Methods A total of 1,800 21-day-old Ross 308 growing broiler chickens were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicated cages. Six diets were formulated to provide increasing Ca concentrations of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, or 9.0 g/kg in diets. The concentrations of NPP in all diets were maintained at 3.0 g/kg, and phytase was supplemented to all diets at the level of 1,000 fytase units (FTU)/kg. At the end of the 14-d feeding trial, birds were euthanized for tibia sampling, and litter samples were collected from 3 areas in the cage. The FPD incidence was measured based on a 6-point scoring system. Results Dietary Ca concentrations had no effect on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, a tendency (linear, p = 0.05) for decreased feed efficiency was observed as dietary Ca concentrations were increased. The concentrations of Ca and P in the tibia of broiler chickens increased (linear and quadratic, p<0.01) with increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. Litter pH, moisture, and N contents were not affected by increasing Ca concentrations in low NPP diets containing phytase. However, a tendency (quadratic, p = 0.10) for increased FPD incidence with increasing dietary Ca concentrations was observed. Conclusion Dietary Ca concentrations from 4.0 to 9.0 g/kg in low NPP diets containing phytase have little effects on growth performance of growing broiler chickens. However, Ca and P concentrations in the tibia are decreased if dietary Ca concentrations are less than 5.0 g/kg. The FPD incidence for growing broiler chickens may be decreased if less than 9.0 g/kg of Ca is included in diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Jung
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 54875, Korea
| | | | - Gi Ppeum Han
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Dong Yong Kil
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
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17
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Taheri HR, Shirzadegan K. Multiple-enzyme supplementation on digestive traits, carcass characteristics, blood lipid parameters and growth performance of broilers fed a wheat-based diet. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 30:1285-1291. [PMID: 27703132 PMCID: PMC5582285 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A trial was conducted from 11 to 42 d post-hatch to investigate the effectiveness of the supplementation of a multiple-enzyme preparation (Natuzyme Plus) in a wheat-based diet on digesta viscosity, pH and microbial population, villus morphology, feed passage time, nutrient retention, carcass characteristics, blood lipid parameters and growth performance of broiler chickens. METHODS Three hundreds 10-d-old male Ross 308 chicks were allocated to three diets with five replicates of 20 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments were i) a wheat-based diet (W), ii) W+Natuzyme Plus (WN; 500 mg/kg of the diet), and iii) a corn-based diet (C). RESULTS Birds fed on the C diet had higher average daily gain (ADG, p<0.01), villus height (VH, p<0.01), total tract apparent retention (TTAR) of nitrogen (NT, p<0.01) and ether extract (EE, p<0.01), nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn, p<0.05), relative weight (RW, % of body weight) of carcass (p<0.05), blood concentration of triglyceride (TG, on d 40 [p<0.01]), total cholesterol (TC, on d 22 [p<0.05]) and low density lipoprotein (LDL, on d 22 [p<0.01] and 40 [p<0.05]), and also lower feed conversion ratio (FCR, p<0.01), digesta viscosity (p<0.01), count of coliforms (p<0.01) and Escherichia coli (p<0.01) and epithelium thickness (ET, p<0.05) than those fed on the W diet. ADG, FCR, VH, ET, TTAR of NT and EE, RW of carcass, blood concentration of TG (on d 40), TC (on d 22) and LDL (on d 22 and 40) values of the WN diet did not show a significant (p>0.05) difference compared to those of the C diet. Compared to those of the W diet, the WN diet showed the higher count of Lactobacilli and lower count of coliforms (p<0.01) and digesta viscosity (p<0.01). CONCLUSION In general, the results of this study showed that Natuzyme Plus supplementation in a wheat-based diet can be appropriate to achieve a comparable growth performance in broiler chickens to those given the C diet probably through improving digesta viscosity, VH, ET, TTAR of NT and EE, AMEn, count of Lactobacilli and coliforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Taheri
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
| | - Kayvan Shirzadegan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran
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Kumar CB, Gloridoss RG, Singh KC, Prabhu TM, Suresh BN. Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Low Protein, Limiting Amino Acid Supplemented Diets Formulated Either on Total or Standardized Ileal Digestible Amino Acid Basis. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2016; 29:1616-1624. [PMID: 26954211 PMCID: PMC5088382 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of protein reduction in commercial broiler chicken rations with incorporation of de-oiled rice bran (DORB) and supplementation of limiting amino acids (valine, isoleucine, and/or tryptophan) with ration formulation either on total amino acid (TAA) or standardized ileal digestible amino acids (SIDAA). The experimental design consisted of T1, TAA control; T2 and T3, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by 3% and 6% DORB incorporation, respectively by replacing soybean meal with supplemental limiting amino acids to meet TAA requirement; T4, SIDAA control, T5 and T6, 0.75% and 1.5% protein reduction by DORB incorporation (3% and 6%) with supplemental limiting amino acids on SIDAA basis. A total of 360 d-old fast growing broiler chicks (Vencobb-400) were divided into 36 homogenous groups of ten chicks each, and six dietary treatments described were allocated randomly with six replications. During 42 days trial, the feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by TAA factor compared to SIDAA factor and protein factor significantly (p<0.05) reduced the feed intake at 1.5% reduction compared to normal protein group. This was observed only during pre-starter phase but not thereafter. The cumulative body weight gain (BWG) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in TAA formulations with protein step-down of 1.5% (T3, 1,993 g) compared to control (T1, 2,067 g), while under SIDAA formulations, BWG was not affected with protein reduction of 1.5% (T6, 2,076 g) compared to T4 (2,129 g). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both TAA and SIDAA formulations with 1.5% protein step-down (T3, 1.741; T6, 1.704) compared to respective controls (T1, 1.696; T4, 1.663). The SIDAA formulation revealed significantly (p<0.05) higher BWG (2,095 g) and better FCR (1.684) compared to TAA formulation (2,028 g; 1.721). Intake of crude protein and all limiting amino acids (SID basis) was higher in SIDAA group than TAA group with resultant higher nitrogen retention (4.438 vs 4.027 g/bird/d). The nitrogen excretion was minimized with 1.5% protein reduction (1.608 g/bird) compared to normal protein group (1.794 g/bird). The serum uric acid concentration was significantly reduced in T3 (9.45 mg/dL) as compared to T4 (10.75 mg/dL). All carcass parameters were significantly (p<0.05) higher in SIDAA formulation over TAA formulation and 1.5% protein reduction significantly reduced carcass, breast and thigh yields. In conclusion, the dietary protein can be reduced by 0.75% with TAA formulation and 1.5% with SIDAA formulation through DORB incorporation and supplementation of limiting amino acids and among formulations, SIDAA formulation was better than TAA formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Basavanta Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - R G Gloridoss
- Department of Instructional Livestock Farming Complex, Veterinary College, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - K C Singh
- Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, Karnataka 585401, India
| | - T M Prabhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Veterinary College, KVAFSU, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - B N Suresh
- Department of Instructional Livestock Farming Complex, Veterinary College, Hassan 573202, India
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Han JC, Chen GH, Wang JG, Zhang JL, Qu HX, Zhang CM, Yan YF, Cheng YH. Evaluation of Relative Bioavailability of 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol to Cholecalciferol for Broiler Chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 29:1145-51. [PMID: 26954155 PMCID: PMC4932568 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) in 1- to 21-d-old broiler chickens fed with calcium (Ca)- and phosphorus (P)-deficient diets. On the day of hatch, 450 female Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to nine treatments, with five replicates of ten birds each. The basal diet contained 0.50% Ca and 0.25% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and was not supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D3 was fed at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg/kg, and 25-OH-D3 was fed at 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/kg. The RBV of 25-OH-D3 was determined using vitamin D3 as the standard source by the slope ratio method. Vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 intake was used as the independent variable for regression analysis. The linear relationships between the level of vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 and body weight gain (BWG) and the weight, length, ash weight, and the percentage of ash, Ca, and P in femur, tibia, and metatarsus of broiler chickens were observed. Using BWG as the criterion, the RBV value of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 was 1.85. Using the mineralization of the femur, tibia, and metatarsus as criteria, the RBV of 25-OH-D3 to vitamin D3 ranged from 1.82 to 2.45, 1.86 to 2.52, and 1.65 to 2.05, respectively. These data indicate that 25-OH-D3 is approximately 2.03 times as active as vitamin D3 in promoting growth performance and bone mineralization in broiler chicken diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - G H Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - J G Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - J L Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - H X Qu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - C M Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Y F Yan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Y H Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, I-Lan 26047, Taiwan
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Cho S, Ryu C, Yang J, Mbiriri DT, Choi CW, Chae JI, Kim YH, Shim KS, Kim YJ, Choi NJ. Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Feeding on the Growth Performance and Meat Fatty Acid Profiles in Broiler: Meta-analysis. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 26:995-1002. [PMID: 25049878 PMCID: PMC4093496 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding on growth performance and fatty acid profiles in thigh meat of broiler chicken was investigated using meta-analysis with a total of 9 studies. Overall effects were calculated by standardized mean differences between treatment (CLA fed) and control using Hedges’s adjusted g from fixed and random effect models. Meta-regression was conducted to evaluate the effect of CLA levels. Subgroups in the same study were designated according to used levels of CLA, CP levels or substituted oils in diets. The effects on final body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were investigated as growth parameters. Total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid concentrations and C16:0, C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 concentrations in thigh meat of broiler chicken were used as fatty acid profile parameters. The overall effect of CLA feeding on final weight was negative and it was only significant in fixed effect model (p<0.01). Significantly lower weight gain, feed intake and higher feed conversion ratio compared to control were found (p<0.05). CLA feeding on the overall increased total saturated fatty acid concentration in broilers compared to the control diet (p<0.01). Total unsaturated fatty acid concentration was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). As for individual fatty acid profiles, C16:0, C18:0 and C18:3 were increased and C18:2 was significantly decreased by CLA feeding (p<0.01). In conclusion, CLA was proved not to be beneficial for improving growth performance, whereas it might be supposed that CLA is effective modulating n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio in thigh meat. However, the economical compensation of the loss from suppressed growth performance and increased saturated fatty acids with the benefit from enhanced n-6/n-3 ratio should be investigated in further studies in order to propose an appropriate use of dietary CLA in the broiler industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangbuem Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Chaehwa Ryu
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Jinho Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Weon Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Kwan-Seob Shim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea
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21
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Takahashi H, Rikimaru K, Kiyohara R, Yamaguchi S. Effect of Arachidonic Acid-enriched Oil Diet Supplementation on the Taste of Broiler Meat. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:845-51. [PMID: 25049636 PMCID: PMC4093101 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the relationship between the arachidonic acid (AA) content and the taste of broiler meat, the effects of AA-enriched oil (AAO) supplements on the fatty acid content and sensory perceptions of thigh meat were evaluated. Four types of oil, including corn oil (CO), a 1:1 mixture of AAO and palm oil (PO) (1/2 AAO), a 1:3 mixture of AAO and PO (1/4 AAO), and a 1:7 mixture of AAO and PO (1/8 AAO) were prepared. Each type of oil was mixed with silicate at a ratio of 7:3, and added to the diet at a final proportion of 5% of fresh matter. Broiler chickens were fed these diets for 1 wk before slaughter. In thigh meat, the AA content of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups was significantly higher than that of the CO group. The AA content in thigh meat (y, mg/g) increased linearly with increasing dietary AAO content (x, g/100 g of diet), according to the equation y = 0.5674+0.4596× (r2 = 0.8454). The content of other fatty acids was not significantly different among the 4 diet groups. Sensory evaluation showed that the flavor intensity, umami (L-glutamate taste), kokumi (continuity, mouthfulness, and thickness), and aftertaste of the 1/2 and 1/4 AAO groups were significantly higher than that of the CO group. There were significant positive correlations between AA content in thigh meat and the flavor intensity, total taste intensity, umami, and aftertaste. These data suggest that the taste of broiler meat can be improved by the amount of dietary AA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- Livestock Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Daisen 019-1701, Japan
| | - K Rikimaru
- Livestock Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Daisen 019-1701, Japan
| | - R Kiyohara
- Oils and Fats Fundamental Technology Laboratory, J-Oil Mills, Inc., Yokohama 230-0053, Japan
| | - S Yamaguchi
- Oils and Fats Fundamental Technology Laboratory, J-Oil Mills, Inc., Yokohama 230-0053, Japan
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Kim C, Lee SR, Lee SJ. Effects of Light Color on Energy Expenditure and Behavior in Broiler Chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1044-9. [PMID: 25050048 PMCID: PMC4093561 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to investigate whether the presence of light or different colors of light would influence the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. Eight 8-week-old broiler chickens were adapted to a respiration chamber (Length, 28.5 cm; Height, 38.5 cm; Width, 44.0 cm) for one week prior to the initiation of the experiment. In experiment 1, energy expenditure and behavior of the chickens were analyzed in the presence or absence of light for four days. Chickens were exposed to 6 cycles of 2 h light/2 h dark period per day. In experiment 2, the broiler chickens that had been used in experiment 1 were used to evaluate the effect of 4 different wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. The LEDs used in this study had the following wavelength bands; white (control), red (618 to 635 nm), green (515 to 530 nm) and blue (450 to 470 nm). The chickens were randomly exposed to a 2-h LED light in a random and sequential order per day for 3 days. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the chickens were recorded using an open-circuit calorimeter system, and energy expenditure was calculated based on the collected data. The behavior of the chickens was analyzed based on following categories i.e., resting, standing, and pecking, and closed-circuit television was used to record these behavioral postures. The analysis of data from experiment 1 showed that the energy expenditure was higher (p<0.001) in chickens under light condition compared with those under dark condition. The chickens spent more time with pecking during a light period, but they frequently exhibited resting during a dark period. Experiment 2 showed that there was no significant difference in terms of energy expenditure and behavior based on the color of light (white, red, green, and blue) to which the chickens were exposed. In conclusion, the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens were found to be strongly affected by the presence of light. On the other hand, there was no discernible difference in their energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens exposed to the different LED lights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-rak Lee
- Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang 430-824,
Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Animal Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang 430-824,
Korea
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Ramiah SK, Zulkifli I, Rahim NAA, Ebrahimi M, Meng GY. Effects of two herbal extracts and virginiamycin supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microflora population and Fatty Acid composition in broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:375-82. [PMID: 25049964 PMCID: PMC4093267 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The competency of garlic and pennywort to improve broiler chicken growth and influence intestinal microbial communities and fatty acid composition of breast meat were studied. Two hundred forty, "day-old" chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups consisting of 6 replications of 10 chicks in each pen. The groups were assigned to receive treatment diets as follows: i) basal diet (control), ii) basal diet plus 0.5% garlic powder (GP), iii) basal diet plus 0.5% pennywort powder (PW) and iv) 0.002% virginiamycin (VM). Birds were killed at day 42 and intestinal samples were collected to assess for Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli. The pectoralis profundus from chicken breast samples was obtained from 10 birds from each treatment group on day 42 and frozen at -20°C for further analyses. Fatty acid profile of breast muscles was determined using gas liquid chromatography. Feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed with GP, PW, and VM were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to control. Feeding chicks GP, PW, and VM significantly reduced Escherichia coli count (p<0.05) while Lactobacillus spp count were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the gut when compared to control group on day 42. Supplemented diet containing pennywort increased the C18:3n-3 fatty acid composition of chickens' breast muscle. Garlic and pennywort may be useful in modulating broiler guts as they control the enteropathogens that help to utilize feed efficiently. This subsequently enhances the growth performances of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
- Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | | | - Mahdi Ebrahimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
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Rao SVR, Prakash B, Raju MVLN, Panda AK, Poonam S, Murthy OK. Effect of supplementing organic selenium on performance, carcass traits, oxidative parameters and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2013; 26:247-52. [PMID: 25049783 PMCID: PMC4093145 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of supplementing various concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, or 400 μg/kg diet) of organic Se on growth performance, carcass traits, oxidative stress, and immune responses in commercial broiler chickens reared in open-sided poultry house under tropical climatic conditions. Each diet was fed ad libitum to eight replicates consisting of six birds in each pen from 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency, and relative weight of liver, abdominal fat and ready to cook yields were not affected (p>0.05) by organic Se supplementation to broiler diets. Lipid peroxidation in plasma decreased, while activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in plasma increased (p<0.01) linearly with Se concentration in diet. The ratios between heterophyls and lymphocytes and relative weight of lymphoid organs (bursa, spleen, and thymus), and antibody production to Newcastle disease vaccination were not affected (p>0.05) by Se supplementation to broiler diets. However, the cell-mediated immunity (lymphocyte proliferation ratio) increased (p<0.01) linearly with dietary Se concentration. The results of the present study indicate that the supplementation of Se did not influence body weight and feed efficiency. However, supplementation of Se increased antioxidant status and lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhukya Prakash
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030,
India
| | | | - Arun Kumar Panda
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030,
India
| | - Saharia Poonam
- Project Directorate on Poultry, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030,
India
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