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Opayele AV, Fagbamigbe AF, Ochu CL, Ayebare RR, Faneye AO, Olaosebikan AC, Falayi OE, Nwiyi GO, Eziechina SO, Uzoma IR, Ibekwe P, Okonkwo P, Shaweno T, Dereje N, Nakasendwa S, Muwonge T, Fallah MP, Odaibo GN. Barriers and enhancers to COVID-19 vaccination among healthcare workers in a metropolitan city in Nigeria. J Public Health Afr 2025; 16:685. [PMID: 40356733 PMCID: PMC12067509 DOI: 10.4102/jphia.v16i1.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) hinders coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control efforts. Aim The aim of the study was to assess enhancers and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Setting Health facility-based cross-sectional study in Ibadan, a metropolitan city in Oyo state, Nigeria. Methods A questionnaire administered using REDCap assessed HCW vaccination status, attitudes and access using the Behavioural and Social drivers (BeSD) framework. Data analysis performed using STATA version 17 included descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression. Results Of the 1227 HCWs recruited, 82.8% received at least one dose. Vaccine uptake was higher among older HCWs compared to those below 25 years (45-54 years: prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 1.33 and ≥ 55 years: PR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.30) and HCWs in private health centres (PR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22). Most HCWs (83.5%) believed in vaccination for infectious diseases, but only 61.9% felt the same about COVID-19 vaccines. The major reasons for vaccine hesitancy among unvaccinated HCWs included the beliefs that vaccine development and authorisation were rushed (47 [26.1%]) and concerns about serious side effects (32 [17.8%]). Conclusion This study found that the uncertainty about COVID-19 vaccine safety is a key barrier to its uptake. Therefore, targeted education and communication strategies to improve vaccine confidence are crucial. Contribution This study identifies why HCWs in Nigeria are hesitant about getting vaccinated. This information can help to improve vaccination rates in this group. It fits with the journal's focus on making African public health responses stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adewale V Opayele
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi F Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chinwe L Ochu
- Nigeria Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Adedayo O Faneye
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adewemimo C Olaosebikan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun E Falayi
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gloria O Nwiyi
- Nigeria Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Priscilla Ibekwe
- Nigeria Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Tamrat Shaweno
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Abada, Ethiopia
| | - Nebiyu Dereje
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Abada, Ethiopia
| | - Suzan Nakasendwa
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Makere, Uganda
| | - Tonny Muwonge
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Makere, Uganda
| | - Mosoka P Fallah
- Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Abada, Ethiopia
| | - Georgina N Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Mohammed M, Zainal H, Ong SC, Tangiisuran B, Aziz FA, Sidek NN, Sha'aban A, Ibrahim UI, Muhammad S, Looi I, Aziz ZA. Prognostic Models of Mortality Following First-Ever Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. Health Sci Rep 2025; 8:e70445. [PMID: 39957974 PMCID: PMC11825595 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims There is a lack of population-based studies focusing on guideline-based prognostic models for stroke. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model that predicts mortality following a first-ever acute ischemic stroke. Methods The study included 899 adult patients ( ≥ 18 years) with confirmed diagnosis of first-ever acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the Malaysian National Stroke Registry (NSR) from January 2009 to December 2019. The primary outcome was mortality within 90 days post-stroke (266 events [29.6%]). The prognostic model was developed using logistic regression (75%, n = 674) and internally validated (25%, n = 225). Model performance was assessed using discrimination (area under the curve (AUC]) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test [HL]). Results The final model includes factors associated with increased risk of mortality, such as age (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.06 [95% confidence interval, CI 1.03, 1.10; p < 0.001]), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score aOR 1.08 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13; p = 0.004), and diabetes aOR 2.29 (95% CI 1.20, 4.37; p = 0.012). The protective factors were antiplatelet within 48 h. aOR 0.40 (95% CI 0.19, 0.81; p = 0.01), dysphagia screening aOR 0.30 (95% CI 0.15, 0.61; p = 0.001), antiplatelets upon discharge aOR 0.17 (95% CI 0.08, 0.35; p < 0.001), lipid-lowering therapy aOR 0.37 (95% CI 0.17, 0.82; p = 0.01), stroke education aOR 0.02 (95% CI 0.01, 0.05; p < 0.001) and rehabilitation aOR 0.08 (95% CI 0.04, 0.16; p < 0.001). The model demonstrated excellent performance (discrimination [AUC = 0.94] and calibration [HL, X 2 p = 0.63]). Conclusion The study developed a validated prognostic model that excellently predicts mortality after a first-ever acute ischemic stroke with potential clinical utility in acute stroke care decision-making. The predictors could be valuable for creating risk calculators and aiding healthcare providers and patients in making well-informed clinical decisions during the stroke care process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadzliana Zainal
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPulau PinangMalaysia
| | - Siew Chin Ong
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPulau PinangMalaysia
| | | | | | - Norsima N. Sidek
- Clinical Research CenterHospital Sultanah Nur ZahirahTerengganuMalaysia
| | | | - Umar Idris Ibrahim
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversiti Sultan Zainal AbidinKuala TerengganuMalaysia
| | | | - Irene Looi
- Clinical Research CenterHospital Seberang JayaPulau PinangMalaysia
| | - Zariah A. Aziz
- Clinical Research CenterHospital Sultanah Nur ZahirahTerengganuMalaysia
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Ezigbo ED, Enitan SS, Adejumo EN, Durosinmi AE, Akele RY, Dada MO, Itodo GE, Idoko AM, Edafetanure-Ibeh OM, Okafor EN, Abdulsalam AA, Oyedoyin OI, Yelpoji PU, Opeyemi OO, Nmesomachi OS, Oyekale AO, Onyeji CB. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants in Nigeria: An online survey. World J Virol 2024; 13:98551. [PMID: 39722760 PMCID: PMC11551692 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i4.98551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Identifying the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance among Nigerians is crucial for improving vaccine uptake. AIM To assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants among Nigerians. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey (observational study) was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021, using a questionnaire hosted on SurveyMonkey. The invitation to take part in the poll was sent out to participants through social networking platforms. A logistic regression was used to determine which sociodemographic factors were associated with vaccine acceptance constructs. RESULTS A total of 1800 persons responded to the survey, a larger proportion of whom were males (53.9%) and within the age group of 21-30 years (29.4%) and earned an average income of less than $500 per month (43.3%). Only 0.56% of participants had a high perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, while only 1.11% had a perceived risk of dying from COVID-19. The perception rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 51.1%, while the acceptance rate was 63.9%. There was no significant association between the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and related determinants assessed, particularly age (χ² = 3.049, P = 0.550), sex (χ² = 0.102, P = 0.749), average income (χ² = 3.802, P = 0.875), and religion (χ² = 2.819, P = 0.420). Participants with chronic conditions demonstrated a higher acceptance rate compared to the general population. CONCLUSION Despite the positive perception observed and substantial vaccine acceptance rate among the study participants, more public health interventions are still needed to enhance vaccine acceptability in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyiuche D Ezigbo
- Haemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, EN 400241, Nigeria
| | - Seyi S Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OG 121109, Nigeria
| | - Esther N Adejumo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OG 121109, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun E Durosinmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, State Hospital, Ijebu-Ode, OG 120221, Nigeria
| | - Richard Y Akele
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Applied Science, University of Brighton, Brighton, ES BN2 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael O Dada
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OG 121109, Nigeria
| | - Grace E Itodo
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Teaching Hospital Lokoja, Lokoja, KO 260006, Nigeria
| | - Abah M Idoko
- Department of Hematology and Blood Group Serology, Federal College of Veterinary and Medical Laboratory Technology, Vom, PL 930101, Nigeria
| | - Okeoghene M Edafetanure-Ibeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A and M University School of Public Health, Garland, TX 75049, United States
| | - Edwin N Okafor
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, EN 400102, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji A Abdulsalam
- School of Molecular Bioscience Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, SCO G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Oyekan I Oyedoyin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, State Hospital Ijebu-Ode, Ijebu-Ode, OG 360101, Nigeria
| | - Polit U Yelpoji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Jos, Jos, PL 930103, Nigeria
| | - Ogunwola O Opeyemi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bola Tinubu Health and Diagnostic Center, Lagos, LA 100102, Nigeria
| | - Ogbuji S Nmesomachi
- Department of Pathology, 68 Nigerian Army Reference Hospital, Yaba, LA 1211001, Nigeria
| | - Adesola O Oyekale
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, OS 2111105, Nigeria
| | - Chisom B Onyeji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, OG 121109, Nigeria
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Gabriel RN, Kashiva AD, Shikesho ON. Predictors for vaccine hesitancy among nursing students in Namibia. J Public Health Afr 2024; 15:683. [PMID: 39649438 PMCID: PMC11622604 DOI: 10.4102/jphia.v15i1.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are a priority group targeted for vaccination because they are greatly exposed to infectious agents. Aim To determine the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and associated risk factors for vaccine hesitancy to recommend vaccine uptake strategies among student nurses. Setting The study was carried out at the University of Namibia, main campus in Windhoek. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken using a proportionate stratified sampling method. The total sample for the study was 509 students. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 29 was used to analyse data. Frequencies and proportions were calculated. Bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were conducted to pronounce the predictors for vaccine hesitancy. Results Only 31.40% students were vaccinated against COVID-19. Out of the vaccinated, 41.80% (p < 0.001) were previously infected with COVID-19. Participants who were not HCWs before nursing school were most likely not to be vaccinated (p < 0.001). Most unvaccinated students were hesitant because of a lack of information about the COVID-19 vaccine's side effects (50.36%) and not knowing its effectiveness (38.13%). A total 60.80% of the participants believed a vaccine was needed to overcome the pandemic. Conclusion We recommend the creation of targeted awareness campaigns that shed more light on the benefits of vaccination and vaccine side effects. Contribution The study identifies key factors that can be targeted to change student nurses' behaviour towards vaccination and offers valuable data that can inform preparedness and response strategies for future pandemics in Namibia and similar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka N Gabriel
- Department of Community and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Alfeus D Kashiva
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ottilie N Shikesho
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
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Chaufan C. Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry. Health (London) 2024; 28:831-857. [PMID: 37968946 PMCID: PMC11528847 DOI: 10.1177/13634593231204169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the launch of the Covid-19 global vaccination campaign, postsecondary institutions have strongly promoted vaccination, often through mandates, and the academic literature has identified "vaccine uptake" among postsecondary students as a problem deserving monitoring, research, and intervention. However, with the admission that vaccines do not stop viral spread, that older-age and co-morbidities are major determinants of poor outcomes, and that many vaccine side effects disproportionately affect the young, it cannot be assumed that a risk-benefit analysis favors vaccinating postsecondary students. Drawing from critical policy studies, I appraise the literature on Covid-19 vaccine uptake in postsecondary education. I find that this literature reflects the "scientific consensus," hardly acknowledging contradictory medical evidence, ignoring coercive elements underlying "vaccine acceptance," and neglecting ethical tensions built into the very design of vaccination policies. I discuss potential explanations for my findings, and their implications for academia's role in society in the COVID-19 era and beyond.
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Musa I, Kasson KS, Musa A, Guda YI, Okoh EO. Assessment of COVID-19 Vaccine Knowledge, Uptake, and Factors Influencing its Uptake Among Medical Students at the University of Jos. Niger Med J 2024; 65:1047-1061. [PMID: 39877507 PMCID: PMC11770665 DOI: 10.60787/nmj.v65i6.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccination is crucial to containing the pandemic. COVID-19 vaccine knowledge, attitudes, and uptake among medical students are vital, as they are future healthcare professionals expected to promote vaccination. This study assessed the knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, its uptake, and associated factors among medical students. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 245 medical students at the University of Jos, Nigeria. Participants were selected using stratified random sampling. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The median knowledge score was 8, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 3. Most participants had low knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine (65.7%), while a minority had high knowledge (34.3%). The overall vaccine coverage was 20%. Gender and tribe were significantly associated with vaccine uptake. Males were more likely to receive the vaccine than females (24.3% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.039), and participants from the Igbo tribe were less likely to receive the vaccine than those from the Yoruba tribe (0% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.002). Additionally, being tested for COVID-19 was significantly associated with vaccine uptake (p < 0.001). Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination decisions were access to accurate information (68.9%, p < 0.001), healthcare professionals' recommendations (31.1%, p < 0.001), concerns about safety and side effects (26.6%, p < 0.006), self-protection (19.5%, p = 0.011), government guidelines (39.6%, p < 0.001), vaccine availability (38.0%, p = 0.005), and the availability and convenience of vaccination centres (33.7%, p < 0.001). Conclusions There was low COVID-19 vaccine knowledge and uptake among medical students. Gender, tribe, access to information, healthcare guidance, and practical barriers influenced vaccination decisions. Targeted education and provider involvement are needed to address hesitancy in this critical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iko Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Keziah Samson Kasson
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Musa
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Isyaku Guda
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Onyi Okoh
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Mwiinde AM, Kaonga P, Jacobs C, Zulu JM, Fwemba I. Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths aged 10-35 years in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310827. [PMID: 39374213 PMCID: PMC11458002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Vaccination is one of the easily accessible interventions that can help reduce the burden on the health system. However, vaccination coverage remains low in sub-Saharan African countries. The determinants of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths remain unknown. Therefore, this study explored the pooled prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among adolescents and youths in sub-Saharan African Countries. A systematic literature search of Scopus, PubMed Central, PubMed, Embase, African Journal Online, Research 4 Life, Embase, and Google Scholar was performed from 6th May to 31st December 2023, using developed keywords with a focus on sub-Saharan African countries. Twenty-three (N = 23) studies were finally selected for analysis. The pooled prevalence of vaccine acceptance among adolescents and youths was 38.7% (n = 23). The subgroup analysis of the pooled prevalence of acceptance among adolescents was 36.1% (n = 36.1) while youths were 42% (n = 10). At the region level, West Africa had 42.2% (n = 13), East Africa had 39.8% (n = 6), Central Africa had 33% (n = 1), and Southern Africa had 24.2% (n = 3). The determinants of vaccine acceptance were the desire for self-immunity (AOR = 1.97, 95%, CI, 1.083.47, I2 = 94.15%, p < 0.05), receiving Health Officers' information (AOR = 4.36, 95%, CI, 2.28-8.32, I2 = 97.74, p < 0.001), the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine (AOR = 2.14, 95%, CI, 1.14-4.05, I2 = 97.4%, p < 0.05). The odds of having an unconfirmed source of information (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI, 0.10-0.45, I2 = 94.09%, p< 0.001) was responsible for vaccine hesitancy. The findings indicate the low pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high levels of hesitancy among adolescents and youths in sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, there is a need to ensure that extensive research is undertaken into age-appropriate health promotion messages and strategies to encourage the uptake of vaccines. PROSPERO ID number CRD42023403071.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Mayaba Mwiinde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Public Health, Mazabuka Municipal Council, Mazabuka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Kaonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Choolwe Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Joseph Mumba Zulu
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Isaac Fwemba
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Rehman W, Thanganadar H, Idrees S, Mehmood A, Azeez FK, Almaimani HA, Rajpoot PL, Mustapha M. Knowledge and perception of mHealth medication adherence applications among pharmacists and pharmacy students in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308187. [PMID: 39213299 PMCID: PMC11364248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The advances in digital health, including mobile healthcare (mHealth) medication adherence applications (MApps), have been demonstrated to support medication adherence and improve health outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and perception of the MApps among pharmacists and pharmacy students. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 223 pharmacists and pharmacy students in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia between 1st and 30th April 2023. The survey collected information about the participants' socio-demographics, knowledge, and perception of the MApps. Among the 223 participants included in the study, 105 (47.1%) were pharmacists and 118 (52.9%) were pharmacy students. Most participants were females (72.6%) and aged 18-30 (70.4%). About half of the participants had poor knowledge of the MApps [pharmacists (48.0%) and students (42.0%)] and mainly encountered Medisafe (18.1%) or Pills (17.0%) MApps, respectively. Pharmacy students showed significantly higher knowledge of MApps (p = 0.048), especially the Pills (p = 0.022) than pharmacists. However, the pharmacists had significantly higher knowledge of MyMeds (p = 0.001) than pharmacy students. Most participants had a positive perception of the usefulness of the MApps (pharmacists, 79.0%; students 80.0%). Notably, over 85% of the participants expressed willingness to know and provide guidance on MApps, with over 50% willing to recommend it to the patients. There was no significant difference in perception between the pharmacists and pharmacy students (p>0.05). In conclusion, the study demonstrates limited knowledge with a positive perception of mHealth medication adherence applications among pharmacists and pharmacy students. Integrating digital adherence tools like the MApps into pharmacy training could significantly improve professional practice mHealth competencies, and optimize healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Rehman
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemalatha Thanganadar
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Idrees
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Mehmood
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Khan Azeez
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Abdullah Almaimani
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pushp Lata Rajpoot
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Madhlopa QK, Mtumbuka M, Kumwenda J, Illingworth TA, Van Hout MC, Mfutso-Bengo J, Mikeka C, Shawa IT. Factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake in populations with higher education: insights from a cross-sectional study among university students in Malawi. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:848. [PMID: 39169315 PMCID: PMC11337745 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were rolled out in many countries; however, sub-optimal COVID-19 vaccine uptake remains a major public health concern globally. This study aimed at assessing the factors that affected the uptake, hesitancy, and resistance of the COVID-19 vaccine among university undergraduate students in Malawi, a least developed country in Africa. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted using an online semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 343 University undergraduate students in Blantyre participated in this study after obtaining ethical clearance. Data was exported from Survey Monkey to Microsoft Excel version-21 for cleaning and was analysed using SPSS version-29. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, were performed to define the sample characteristics. Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were performed to identify significant relationships between vaccine uptake and demographics. A 95% confidence interval was set, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 343 participants, 43% were vaccinated. Among the vaccinated, the majority (47.3%, n = 69/146) received Johnson & Johnson vaccine followed by AstraZeneca (46.6%, n = 68/146). The commonly reported reason for vaccine acceptance was 'to protect me against getting COVID-19' (49%); whereas vaccine hesitancy was attributed to 'lack of knowledge (34%), and concerns about vaccine safety (25%). CONCLUSIONS This study found that adequate knowledge about benefits and safety of COVID-19 vaccine could potentially increase uptake. Lack of credible information or misinformation contributed to vaccine hesitancy. The findings provide insights for design of strategies to increase future vaccine uptake and reduce determinants of vaccine hesitancy. To reduce vaccination hesitancy in any population with or without higher education, we recommend that institutions entrusted with vaccine management must optimise health messaging, and reduce mis-information and dis-information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthews Mtumbuka
- UbuntuNet Alliance, Onions Office Complex, Off Mzimba Street, P.O. Box 2550, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Joel Kumwenda
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/Bag 360, Chichiri Blantyre 3, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Marie-Claire Van Hout
- Research, Innovation and Impact, South East Technological University, Waterford, Cork Road Campus, X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Joseph Mfutso-Bengo
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/Bag 360, Chichiri Blantyre 3, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Chomora Mikeka
- Faculty of Science, University of Malawi Chancellor College, P.O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Isaac Thom Shawa
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/Bag 360, Chichiri Blantyre 3, Blantyre, Malawi.
- School of Human Science, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby, DE22 1GB, UK.
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Mohammed M, Kumar N, Zawiah M, Al-Ashwal FY, Bala AA, Lawal BK, Wada AS, Halboup A, Muhammad S, Ahmad R, Sha'aban A. Psychometric Properties and Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards ChatGPT in Pharmacy Practice and Education: a Study Protocol. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:2284-2293. [PMID: 37428357 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
ChatGPT represents an advanced conversational artificial intelligence (AI), providing a powerful tool for generating human-like responses that could change pharmacy prospects. This protocol aims to describe the development, validation, and utilization of a tool to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards ChatGPT (KAP-C) in pharmacy practice and education. The development and validation process of the KAP-C tool will include a comprehensive literature search to identify relevant constructs, content validation by a panel of experts for items relevancy using content validity index (CVI) and face validation by sample participants for items clarity using face validity index (FVI), readability and difficulty index using the Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test, Gunning Fog Index, or Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), assessment of reliability using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to determine the underlying factor structures (eigenvalues, scree plot analysis, factor loadings, and varimax). The second phase will utilize the validated KAP-C tool to conduct KAP surveys among pharmacists and pharmacy students in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Nigeria, Pakistan, and Yemen). The final data will be analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range), and inferential statistics like Chi-square or regression analyses using IBM SPSS version 28. A p<0.05 will be considered statistically significant. ChatGPT holds the potential to revolutionize pharmacy practice and education. This study will highlight the psychometric properties of the KAP-C tool that assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards ChatGPT in pharmacy practice and education. The findings will contribute to the potential ethical integration of ChatGPT into pharmacy practice and education in LMICs, serve as a reference to other economies, and provide valuable evidence for leveraging AI advancements in pharmacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
- Vice President for Medical and Health Science Office, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Narendar Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Zawiah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, Hodeidah University, Al Hodeidah, Yemen
| | - Fahmi Y Al-Ashwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Maarif University College, Anbar, 31001, Iraq
| | - Auwal Adam Bala
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria
| | - Basira Kankia Lawal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar Sadiq Wada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdulsalam Halboup
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | | | - Rabbiya Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Abubakar Sha'aban
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, Wales, UK
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Ogunyinka IA, Yusuff KB, Erah PO, Mohammed Y, Wada YH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Knowledge, Its Vaccine Uptake Intentions, and the Influence of Personality Traits among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in a University Setting: Findings and Implications. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:271-284. [PMID: 39028187 PMCID: PMC11364321 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_201_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest global health catastrophe of the century, with its vaccine hesitancy compounding the woes. Relevant stakeholders, including pharmacy students (whose education was disrupted) are important bulwarks against these catastrophes, but their COVID-19-related information are scarce. AIMS We assessed COVID-19 knowledge, its vaccine uptake intentions, and the influence of personality traits among pharmacy undergraduates in a Nigerian university. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a post-lockdown cross sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A 61-item questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy undergraduates who attended Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, in May 2021. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Summary statistics- mean (±standard deviation), range, frequency, proportion; inferential statistics- Chi square statistics, binary logistic regression. RESULTS The response rate was 88% (168/191). The average COVID-19 knowledge score, the frequency of acceptance, and hesitancy to take COVID-19 vaccine among study participants were 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.1-43.7), 39.1% (95% CI = 37.3%-41.8%), and 61.9% (95% CI = 58.0%-64.2%), respectively. In addition, of the 168 study participants, 73 (43.5%) considered themselves to have high self-esteem, 67 (39.9%) were highly extroverted, 91 (54.2%) highly privately self-conscious, 96 (57.1%) highly publicly self-conscious, and 60 (35.7%) highly self-restrained, with 57 (34.0%) not believing in the existence of COVID-19. COVID-19 knowledge varied significantly by level of study ( F [2,165] = 5.539; P = 0.005; η 2 = 0.06). Similarly, those with high self-esteem were twice as knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 as those with low self-esteem (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.08-3.78; P = 0.03) with gleaning COVID-19-related information from social media platforms predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The observed suboptimal COVID-19 knowledge was associated with participants' low level of self-esteem, and the prevalent CVH was associated with obtaining COVID-19-related information from social media platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Omonua Erah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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12
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Malas O, Boustani NM, Duradoni M, Omotoso D, Avşar AŞ, Shyroka A, Colombini G, Blanch A. The Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6): Adaptation, Cross-Cultural Validation, and Invariance among Genders and Six Different Cultures, Applying Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:808-822. [PMID: 38667807 PMCID: PMC11049080 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a meaningful impact on several areas of human activity. With respect to psychological assessment, the requirements to study the fear of vaccination as a means to diminish negative behaviour towards vaccination had been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the factorial invariance of the six-item Vaccination Fear Scale (VFS-6) across individuals and cultures. To achieve this goal, a sample of university students was recruited (n = 2535; mean age = 20.59, SD = 2.04; males: 26.75%, females: 73.25%) from Spain (n = 388; 15.3%), Italy (n = 376; 14.83%), Lebanon (n = 487; 19.21%), Nigeria (n = 561; 22.13%), Turkey (n = 410; 16.17%), and Ukraine (n = 313; 12.34%). The results showed that the most appropriate factorial structure, exhibiting excellent fit indices, was a model with two correlated factors (cognitive symptoms: items 1, 2, and 4; somatic symptoms: items 3, 5, and 6) for both the total sample and individual samples from each country and language (Spanish, Italian, Arabic, English, Turkish, and Ukrainian). Notably, the VFS-6 demonstrated configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across sex. Regarding countries and languages, configural invariance was observed between them. Also, metric invariance was observed between Spain, Italy, and Ukraine and between Lebanon, Nigeria, and Turkey, which indicates the presence of two well-differentiated groups of countries and the possibility of inferential analysis between them. Item Response Theory analysis suggested an appropriate level of discrimination and difficulty of the test. These significant findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into vaccination fear across diverse cultural backgrounds, providing valuable insights for addressing vaccination-related concerns worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Malas
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nada Mallah Boustani
- Faculty of Business and Management, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 17-5208 Mar Mikhael, Beirut 1104 2020, Lebanon
| | - Mirko Duradoni
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Dayo Omotoso
- Department of Human Anatomy, Redeemer’s University, Ede 232103, Nigeria
| | - Asiye Şengül Avşar
- Department of Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, 53100 Rize, Turkey
| | - Anastasiia Shyroka
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ukrainian Catholic University, Sventsitskogo 17, 79011 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Giulia Colombini
- Department of Education, Languages, Interculture, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Via di San Salvi, 12, Building 26, 50135 Florence, Italy
| | - Angel Blanch
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Avinguda de l’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
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13
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Natalia YA, Delporte M, De Witte D, Beutels P, Dewatripont M, Molenberghs G. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 passes and mandates on disease transmission, vaccination intention, and uptake: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2279. [PMID: 37978472 PMCID: PMC10656887 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Policymakers have struggled to maintain SARS-CoV-2 transmission at levels that are manageable to contain the COVID-19 disease burden while enabling a maximum of societal and economic activities. One of the tools that have been used to facilitate this is the so-called "COVID-19 pass". We aimed to document current evidence on the effectiveness of COVID-19 passes, distinguishing their indirect effects by improving vaccination intention and uptake from their direct effects on COVID-19 transmission measured by the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths. METHODS We performed a scoping review on the scientific literature of the proposed topic covering the period January 2021 to September 2022, in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. RESULTS Out of a yield of 4,693 publications, 45 studies from multiple countries were retained for full-text review. The results suggest that implementing COVID-19 passes tends to reduce the incidence of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to COVID-19. The use of COVID-19 passes was also shown to improve overall vaccination uptake and intention, but not in people who hold strong anti-COVID-19 vaccine beliefs. CONCLUSION The evidence from the literature we reviewed tends to indicate positive direct and indirect effects from the use of COVID-19 passes. A major limitation to establishing this firmly is the entanglement of individual effects of multiple measures being implemented simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaux Delporte
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries De Witte
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mathias Dewatripont
- I3h, ECARES and Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Molenberghs
- I-BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- I-BioStat, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Gonçalves BA, Matos CCDSA, Ferreira JVDS, Itagyba RF, Moço VR, Couto MT. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Latin America and Africa: a scoping review. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00041423. [PMID: 37556613 PMCID: PMC10494688 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has played an important role in the containment of COVID-19 pandemic advances. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy has caused a global concern. This scoping review aims to map the scientific literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Latin America and Africa from a Global Health perspective, observing the particularities of the Global South and using parameters validated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The review reporting observes the recommendations of the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) model. Search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, selecting studies published from January 1, 2020 to January 22, 2022. Selected studies indicate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy involves factors such as political scenario, spread of misinformation, regional differences in each territory regarding Internet access, lack of access to information, history of vaccination resistance, lack of information about the disease and the vaccine, concern about adverse events, and vaccine efficacy and safety. Regarding the use of conceptual and methodology references from the WHO for vaccine hesitancy, few studies (6/94) use research instruments based on these references. Then, the replication in Global South of conceptual and methodological parameters developed by experts from the Global North contexts has been criticized from the perspective of Global Health because of it may not consider political and sociocultural particularities, the different nuances of vaccine hesitancy, and issues of access to vaccines.
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15
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Kigongo E, Kabunga A, Tumwesigye R, Musinguzi M, Izaruku R, Acup W. Prevalence and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289295. [PMID: 37506132 PMCID: PMC10381063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccination is regarded as an effective intervention for controlling the pandemic. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is hampering efforts geared towards reducing the burden of the pandemic. Therefore, examining COVID-19 hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers is essential to improving COVID-19 uptake. In sub-Saharan Africa, the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is yet to be known. PURPOSE The present study was to estimate the pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its predictors among healthcare workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS A systematic search of articles was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, African Journal Online, and Google Scholar. Data was extracted with the help of Excel. Data analysis was conducted using STATA 17. Heterogeneity in the studies was assessed using Cochrane Q and 12 tests. A random effects model was used to examine the pooled estimates to determine if heterogeneity was exhibited. RESULTS A total of 15 studies involving 7498 participants were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among healthcare workers was 46%, 95% CI (0.38-0.54). The predictors of COVID-19 hesitancy were negative beliefs towards vaccine 14.0% (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.06), perceived low risk of COVID-19 infection 24.0% (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.28), and vaccine side effects 25.0% (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.24). CONCLUSION The data revealed generally high hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among health workers in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future COVID-19 adoption and uptake should be improved by national and individual level efforts. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is crucial to address the myths and obstacles preventing healthcare professionals from accepting the COVID-19 vaccination as soon as feasible since their willingness to get the vaccine serves as an important example for the broader public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eustes Kigongo
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Amir Kabunga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Raymond Tumwesigye
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Marvin Musinguzi
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Ronald Izaruku
- Department of Library and Information Services, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Walter Acup
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Community Health, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
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16
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Imediegwu KU, Abor JC, Onyebuchukwu CQ, Ugwu HI, Ugwu OI, Anyaehie UE, Onyia OA. Knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1084854. [PMID: 37427277 PMCID: PMC10323190 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 disease spread at an alarming rate, and was declared a pandemic within 5 months from the first reported case. As vaccines have become available, there was a global effort to attain about 75% herd immunity through vaccination. There is a need to address the issue of vaccine hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccines especially in places such as Sub-Saharan African countries which have a high rate of background vaccine hesitancy. Objective To determine the knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Enugu metropolis. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study of 103 HCWs in Enugu metropolis was done. Data was collected using structured online Google forms. Descriptive and inferential statistics was done using SPSS, and results were summarized into percentages and associations. Results An acceptance rate of 56.2% was obtained among HCWs in Enugu metropolis. Positive predicators of acceptance include older age (p = 0.004, X2 = 13.161), marriage (p = 0.001, X2 = 13.996), and higher average level of income (p = 0.013, X2 = 10.766) as significant correlations were found. No significant association was found between educational level, religion, denomination nor occupation, and acceptance of vaccine. The major factor responsible for refusal was fear of side-effects. Discussion The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs is still less than optimal. This population represents the most enlightened population on health related matters, hence if acceptance rate remains merely average that in the general population is expected to be worse. There is a need to address the fear of vaccine side-effects by inculcating more open and interactive methods of information dissemination, while also addressing the misconceptions or myths surrounding COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi U. Imediegwu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Jude C. Abor
- Final Year Medical Student, University of Nigeria (UNN), Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Hilary I. Ugwu
- Final Year Medical Student, University of Nigeria (UNN), Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ogechi I. Ugwu
- Final Year Medical Student, University of Nigeria (UNN), Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Udo Ego Anyaehie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Oluchi A. Onyia
- Final Year Medical Student, University of Nigeria (UNN), Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
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17
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Politis M, Sotiriou S, Doxani C, Stefanidis I, Zintzaras E, Rachiotis G. Healthcare Workers' Attitudes towards Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040880. [PMID: 37112791 PMCID: PMC10142794 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccine mandates are considered a controversial public health policy both in public debate and among healthcare workers (HCWs). Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to give a deep insight into HCWs' views and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination mandates amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic literature search of five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science) was conducted between July 2022 and November 2022. Original quantitative studies that addressed the attitudes of HCWs regarding COVID-19 vaccine mandates were considered eligible for this systematic review. All the included studies (n = 57) were critically appraised and assessed for risk of systematic bias. Meta-analyses were performed, providing a pooled estimate of HCWs' acceptance towards COVID-19 vaccine mandates for: 1. HCWs and 2. the general population. RESULTS In total, 64% (95% CI: 55%, 72%) of HCWs favored COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs, while 50% (95% CI: 38%, 61%) supported mandating COVID-19 vaccines for the general population. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 is a highly controversial issue among HCWs. The present study provides stakeholders and policy makers with useful evidence related to the compulsory or non-compulsory nature of COVID-19 vaccinations for HCWs and the general population. Other: The protocol used in this review is registered on PROSPERO with the ID number: CRD42022350275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Politis
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Sotiris Sotiriou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Doxani
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Department of Biomathematics, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41222 Larissa, Greece
- Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- The Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Georgios Rachiotis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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18
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Miner CA, Timothy CG, Percy K, Mashige, Osuagwu UL, Envuladu EA, Amiebenomo OMA, Ovenseri-Ogbomo G, Charwe DD, Goson PC, Ekpenyong BN, Abu EK, Langsi R, Oloruntoba R, Ishaya T, Agho KE. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among sub-Saharan Africans (SSA): a comparative study of residents and diasporan dwellers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 36709269 PMCID: PMC9884132 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out across all the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries, with countries setting targets for achieving full vaccination rates. The aim of this study was to compare the uptake of, resistance and hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine between SSA locally residents and in the diasporan dwellers. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted using a web and paper-based questionnaire to obtain relevant information on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The survey items included questions on demography, uptake and planned acceptance or non-acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines among SSAs. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine probabilities of outcomes for factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination resistance and hesitancy among SSA respondents residing within and outside Africa. RESULTS Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines varied among the local (14.2%) and diasporan (25.3%) dwellers. There were more locals (68.1%) who were resistant to COVID-19 vaccine. Participants' sex [adjusted relative risk (ARR) = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58 - 0.93], education [primary/less: ARR = 0.22, CI:0.12 - 0.40, and bachelor's degree: ARR = 0.58, CI: 0.43 - 0.77]), occupation [ARR = 0.32, CI: 0.25-0.40] and working status [ARR = 1.40, CI: 1.06-1.84] were associated with COVID-19 vaccine resistance among locals. Similar proportion of local and diasporan dwellers (~ 18% each) were hesitant to COVID-19 vaccine, and this was higher among health care workers [ARR = 0.25, CI: 0.10 - 0.62 and ARR = 0.24, CI:0.18-0.32, diaspora and locals respectively]. After adjusting for the potential confounders, local residents aged 29-38 years [ARR = 1.89, CI: 1.26-2.84] and lived in East Africa [ARR = 4.64, CI: 1.84-11.70] were more likely to report vaccine hesitancy. Knowledge of COVID vaccines was associated with hesitancy among local and diasporan dwellers, but perception was associated with vaccine resistance [ARR = 0.86,CI: 0.82 - 0.90] and hesitancy [ARR = 0.85, CI: 0.80 - 0.90], only among the local residents. CONCLUSIONS Differences exist in the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance between local SSA residents and thediasporan dwellers. Knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines affects the uptake, resistance, and hesitancy to the COVID-19 vaccine. Information campaigns focusing on the efficacy and safety of vaccines could lead to improved acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundung Asabe Miner
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Mashige
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Bathurst Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, 2506, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Esther Awazzi Envuladu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Onyekachukwu Mary-Anne Amiebenomo
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Ugbowo, Nigeria
| | - Godwin Ovenseri-Ogbomo
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Optometry, Centre for Health Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, UK
| | | | - Piwuna Christopher Goson
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
| | - Bernadine N Ekpenyong
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Kwasi Abu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Raymond Langsi
- Health Division, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Richard Oloruntoba
- School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Tanko Ishaya
- Department of Computer Science, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley E Agho
- African Vision Research Institute (AVRI), School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, 2506, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, Australia
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19
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Azanaw J, Endalew M, Zenbaba D, Abera E, Chattu VK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors in 13 African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1001423. [PMID: 36761336 PMCID: PMC9903367 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the entire world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, researchers and government agencies are working to create effective COVID-19 vaccinations. While vaccination campaigns are moving rapidly in high-income nations, COVID-19 is still ruthlessly affecting people in low-income nations. However, this difference in the spread of the disease is not because of a lack of a COVID-19 vaccine but mainly due to people's reluctance. As a result, this review summarized the data on COVID-19 vaccination adoption and factors related among nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Method Comprehensive searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The risk of bias and methodological quality of each published article that fit the selection criteria were evaluated using Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. All statistical analysis was done by STATA 16. Results This review was based on 29 studies with 26,255 participants from sub-Saharan Africa. Using a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among study participants was 55.04% (95 % CI: 47.80-62.27 %), I2 = 99.55%. Being male [POR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.44)], having a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 5.56 (95% CI: 3.63, 8.51)], having good knowledge in the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 4.61 (95% CI: 1.24, 8.75)], having government trust [POR = 7.10 (95% CI: 2.37, 21.32)], and having undergone COVID-19 testing in the past [POR = 4.41 (95%CI: (2.51, 7.75)] were significant predictor variables. Conclusion This analysis showed that respondents had a decreased pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Sex, attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing were statistically significantly correlated characteristics that affected the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. All stakeholders should be actively involved in increasing the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and thereby reducing the consequences of COVID-19. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination can be increased by using this conclusion as an indicator for governments, healthcare professionals, and health policymakers in their work on attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Endalew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Abera
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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20
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Gudayu TW, Mengistie HT. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13037. [PMID: 36686610 PMCID: PMC9846884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective intervention for the primary prevention of COVID-19. Several studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan African countries on the acceptance and associated factors of COVID-19 vaccine. This review and meta-analysis aimed to recapitulate the pooled magnitude of vaccine acceptance and its favoring factors in sub-Saharan African countries. PUBMED, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were the main databases searched from 15 March to 5 June 2022; and all the articles written in the English language were included. Also, some articles were retrieved from biomedical peer-reviewed journal sites and Google scholar. The quality of thirty-five selected articles was evaluated using an adapted scale for evaluating cross-sectional studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The result of the review and meta-analysis revealed that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate varied across studies. In a pooled analysis, factors such as; higher-level perception of infection risk (OR (95% CI (2.7 (2.1, 3.4))), perceived vaccine safety (13.9 (9.2, 20.9)), virus-related good knowledge (2.7 (2.3, 3.2)) and appropriate attitude (5.9 (4.4, 7.8)), adherence to safety precautions (5.5 (4.8, 6.2)), and infection experience (4.4 (2.8, 6.9)) were positively affected the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Also, vaccine acceptance was found to be high among males and chronically ill individuals. Thus, understanding factors that enhance vaccine acceptance would support planners to augment vaccine uptake in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Worku Gudayu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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21
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Roy DN, Azam MS, Biswas M, Islam E. Potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among university students in Banglad esh: a cross-sectional comparative study. Epidemiol Infect 2022; 151:e11. [PMID: 36537315 PMCID: PMC9874038 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268822001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance, and compared the potential factors influencing vaccine acceptance and hesitancy between public university (PuU) and private university (PrU) students in Bangladesh. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was sent to 640 PuU and 660 PrU students in Google Form between 25th September and 22nd November 2021, which resulted in the participation of 1034 (461 PuU vs. 573 PrU) respondents (response rate: 72.03% vs. 86.81%). The pooled vaccine acceptance rates among PuU and PrU students were almost similar (88.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 85.1-91.1 vs. 87.6%, 95% CI 84.6-90.6). Employing binary logistic regression to assess the association between various potential factors and vaccine acceptance, the study revealed that out of 10 predictors, 'safety' and 'efficacy' had highly significant positive associations with vaccine acceptance in both cohorts (P = 0.000, P = 0.005). 'Political roles' was found to have varied effects- a significant (P = 0.02) negative and a significant positive (P = 0.002) association with vaccine acceptance in PuU and PrU students, respectively. Additionally, 'communication' (P = 0.003) and 'trust' (P = 0.01) were found to have significant positive associations in PrU students while 'rumours' (P = 0.03) had negative association in PuU students. The odds of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine were 1.5 vs. 0.9 in PuU and PrU students. Although chi-square analysis did not show any significant association between gender and vaccine acceptance, discrepancies were found in the factors that potentially affect vaccine uptake decision between PuU and PrU students. COVID-19 vaccine uptake may be improved if vaccine-related information becomes available and is communicated to large numbers of people effectively. The implementation of multidisciplinary interventional educational programmes may also be considered as a preferred approach to improve student's engagement in pandemic awareness and vaccine readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendra Nath Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
- Institute of Education and Research, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shah Azam
- Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
- Rabindra University, Shahjadpur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohitosh Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ekramul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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22
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Pedersen B, Thanel K, Kouakou AY, Zo JR, Ouattara ML, Gbeke D, Thompson G, Agha S. Identifying Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Residents of Yopougon Est, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122101. [PMID: 36560511 PMCID: PMC9783544 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study applied the Fogg Behavioral Model (FBM) to identify and prioritize factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination among residents of Yopougon Est, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. A total of 568 respondents were recruited from among individuals entering eleven participant recruitment and data collection sites located near high pedestrian trafficked areas. Among all respondents, 52% reported being vaccinated versus 48% who reported not being vaccinated. Of those who reported being vaccinated, 42% reported received a single dose, 54% a double dose, and 4% three or more doses. A categorical regression analysis suggested that potential predictors of COVID-19 vaccination included acceptance and rejection factors, which are both aligned with motivation in the FBM and socio-demographic characteristics, proximity to services, and religion. Our findings suggest that demand creation activities should target individuals with less formal education, those who are not formally employed, non-Catholic Christians, and individuals who do not identify as Akan. Results also suggest the need to design programmatic messages and activities that focus on generating family and community support for COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pedersen
- Department of Social and Behavior Change, FHI 360, Washington, DC 20009, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Katherine Thanel
- Department of Social and Behavior Change, FHI 360, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - Albert Yao Kouakou
- Independent Research Consultant, Abidjan 00225, Côte d’Ivoire
- Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Jean Lorougnon Guédé of Daloa, Sassandra-Marahoué District, Daloa 150, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | | | - Dorgeles Gbeke
- Independent Research Consultant, Abidjan 00225, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Gretchen Thompson
- Department of Behavioral, Epidemiological and Clinical Sciences, FHI 360, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Sohail Agha
- Behavior Design Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Mengistu DA, Demmu YM, Asefa YA. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1044193. [PMID: 36568768 PMCID: PMC9773145 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A vaccine against COVID-19 is a vital tool in managing the current pandemic. It is becoming evident that an effective vaccine would be required to control COVID-19. Effective use of vaccines is very important in controlling pandemics and paving the way for an acceptable exit strategy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the global COVID-19 acceptance rate that is necessary for better management of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols and considered the studies conducted on acceptance and/or hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine. Articles were searched using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The quality of the study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical assessment tool to determine the relevance of each included article to the study. Results Of the 6,021 articles identified through the electronic database search, 68 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The global pooled acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine was found to be 64.9% [95% CI of 60.5 to 69.0%]. Based on the subgroup analysis of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate by the World Health Organization's region, the countries where the study was conducted, occupation, and survey period, the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 60.8% [95% CI: 56.3, 65.2%], 61.9% [95% CI: 61.3, 62.4%], 81.6% [95% CI: 79.7, 83, 2%] and 64.5% [95% CI: 60.3, 68.5%], respectively. Conclusions This review revealed the variation in the level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate across the world. The study found that the overall prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 64.9%. This finding indicated that even if the COVID-19 vaccine is developed, the issue of accepting or taking the developed vaccine and managing the pandemic may be difficult.
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24
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Figa Z, Temesgen T, Zemeskel AG, Ganta M, Alemu A, Abebe M, Ashuro Z. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Africa, systematic review and meta-analysis. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100343. [PMID: 36438628 PMCID: PMC9681992 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study is intended to assess healthcare workers' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa. Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Method The search was done using: PubMed, HINARI and Web of Science, African OnLine, and other gray and online repositories of Universities in Africa. All included articles were extracted and appraised using the standard data extraction sheet format of JOANNA Briggs Institute. Cochran Q test and I2 statistics test were used to test the heterogeneity of the studies. A Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to detect the publication bias of included studies. A Forest plot was used to present the pooled prevalence acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Result In this systematic review and meta-analysis thirteen cross-sectional studies and one nationwide survey with a total population of 23,739 were included. The pooled estimated prevalence of healthcare workers' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa was 56.59 (95%CI; 46.26-66.92; I2 = 99.6%, p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis was done using the regions in Africa, willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was highest in the South African region accounting for 74.64 (95%CI; 44.16-105.11) followed by the North African region at 66.68 (95% CI; 50.74-82.62). Conclusion The overall acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Africa was low. Thus, further duties should be unwavering to improve the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance by healthcare workers, through consistent and committed efforts in improving political commitment, amending strategies, improving awareness, and disclosing information about the safety, side effects, and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerihun Figa
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Temesgen
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Getnet Zemeskel
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Moges Ganta
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Alemu
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Abebe
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science Department of Midwifery, Ethiopia
| | - Zemachu Ashuro
- Dilla University College of the Health and Medical Science School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health, Ethiopia
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25
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Belay GM, Alemu TG, Techane MA, Wubneh CA, Assimamaw NT, Tamir TT, Muhye AB, Kassie DG, Wondim A, Terefe B, Tarekegn BT, Ali MS, Fentie B, Gonete AT, Tekeba B, Kassa SF, Desta BK, Ayele AD, Dessie MT, Atalell KA. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and its predictors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2114699. [PMID: 36094824 PMCID: PMC9746388 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2114699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 vaccine is the best strategy for prevention. However, it remained the main challenge. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall pooled estimate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its predictors in Ethiopia. Consequently, we have searched articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists of included studies, and Ethiopian universities' research repository. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was employed. The quality of studies and the overall variation between studies were checked through Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria and heterogeneity test (I2), respectively. The funnel plot and Egger's regression test were also conducted. Following that, a total of 14 studies with 6,773 participants were considered in the study and the overall pooled proportion of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 51.2% (95% CI: 43.9, 58.5). Having good knowledge (Odds ratio: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1; P. VALUE 0.00), chronic disease (Odds ratio: 2; 95% CI: 1.3, 3.1), older age (Odds ratio: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0; P. VALUE 0.02), and secondary education and above (Odds ratio: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.7, 6.7; P. VALUE 0.00) were significantly associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. In conclusion, Having good knowledge, chronic disease, older age, and secondary education and above were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Therefore, special attention and a strengthened awareness, education, and training about COVID-19 vaccine benefits had to be given to uneducated segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getaneh Mulualem Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Getaneh Alemu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Masresha Asmare Techane
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Chalachew Adugna Wubneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Nega Tezera Assimamaw
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tarik Tamir
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Addis Bilal Muhye
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Destaye Guadie Kassie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Amare Wondim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bewuketu Terefe
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bethlehem Tigabu Tarekegn
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Seid Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Beletech Fentie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Almaz Tefera Gonete
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Berhan Tekeba
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Selam Fisiha Kassa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Kassahun Desta
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Amare Demsie Ayele
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Tilahun Dessie
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
| | - Kendalem Asmare Atalell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, North West Ethiopia
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Njoga EO, Awoyomi OJ, Onwumere-Idolor OS, Awoyomi PO, Ugochukwu ICI, Ozioko SN. Persisting Vaccine Hesitancy in Africa: The Whys, Global Public Health Consequences and Ways-Out-COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance Rates as Case-in-Point. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1934. [PMID: 36423029 PMCID: PMC9697713 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is the seventh among the WHO's top 10 threats to global public health, which has continued to perpetuate the transmission of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in Africa. Consequently, this paper systematically reviewed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates (VARs)-including the vaccine uptake and vaccination intention-in Africa from 2020 to 2022, compared the rates within the five African regions and determined the context-specific causes of VH in Africa. Generally, COVID-19 VARs ranged from 21.0% to 97.9% and 8.2% to 92.0% with mean rates of 59.8 ± 3.8% and 58.0 ± 2.4% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Southern and eastern African regions had the top two VARs of 83.5 ± 6.3% and 68.9 ± 6.6% in 2021, and 64.2 ± 4.6% and 61.2 ± 5.1% in 2022, respectively. Based on population types, healthcare workers had a marginal increase in their mean COVID-19 VARs from 55.5 ± 5.6% in 2021 to 60.8 ± 5.3% in 2022. In other populations, the mean VARs decreased from 62.7 ± 5.2% in 2021 to 54.5 ± 4% in 2022. As of 25 October 2022, Africa lags behind the world with only 24% full COVID-19 vaccinations compared to 84%, 79% and 63% reported, respectively, in the Australian continent, upper-middle-income countries and globally. Apart from the problems of confidence, complacency, convenience, communications and context, the context-specific factors driving COVID-19 VH in Africa are global COVID-19 vaccine inequality, lack of vaccine production/maintenance facilities, insecurity, high illiteracy level, endemic corruption, mistrust in some political leaders, the spreading of unconfirmed anti-vaccination rumors and political instability. With an overall mean COVID-19 acceptance rate of 58%, VH still subsists in Africa. The low VARs in Africa have detrimental global public health implications, as it could facilitate the emergence of immune invading SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, which may spread globally. Consequently, there is a need to confront these challenges frontally and engage traditional and religious leaders in the fight against VH in Africa, to restore public trust in the safety and efficacy of vaccines generally. As the availability of COVID-19 vaccines improves, the vaccination of pets and zoo-animals from which reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported is recommended, to limit the evolution and spread of new variants of concern and avert possible SARS-CoV-2 epizootic or panzootic diseases in susceptible animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Olajoju J. Awoyomi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye S. Onwumere-Idolor
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro PMB 005, Nigeria
| | - Priscilla O. Awoyomi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria
| | - Iniobong C. I. Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Stella N. Ozioko
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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27
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Orok E, Ndem E, Daniel E. Knowledge, attitude and perception of medical students on COVID-19 vaccines: A study carried out in a Nigerian University. Front Public Health 2022; 10:942283. [PMID: 36211686 PMCID: PMC9535657 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.942283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vaccine development, distribution, and immunization of large populations have been identified as vital mitigation strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to this. The knowledge and perception of COVID-19 vaccines can improve vaccine acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students' knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This study was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted among undergraduate students from the faculties of Basic medical sciences and Clinical sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The students' knowledge was ranked as excellent (>70%), good (50-69%) and poor (<50%) while perception was categorized into positive (>50%), and negative (<50%). The difference in knowledge based on demographics was analyzed using the Independent sample t-test. The association between demographics, and students' perception was carried out using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 25. Results A total of 233 students consented to participate in the study out of which 51.1% were female. Forty-eight students (20.6%) had good knowledge while 41.2% of the participants accepted to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Positive perception was reported among 51.1% (119) of the students. Conclusion There was poor knowledge and positive perception among majority of the students. Educational intervention in form of training should be done to improve medical students' knowledge and perception toward COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Edidiong Orok
| | - Ekpedeme Ndem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Daniel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Octavius GS, Yanto TA, Heriyanto RS, Nisa H, Ienawi C, Pasai HE. COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in Jambi City, Indonesia: A single vaccination center study. VACUNAS 2022; 23:S8-S17. [PMID: 35757083 PMCID: PMC9212935 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indonesia has not met its vaccination rate target, falling short of 25% in 2021. This study aims to assess all the contributing factors towards vaccine acceptance, hesitance, and refusal in a single vaccination center in Jambi, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected primary data from respondents directly through a structured questionnaire. This was a cross-sectional study with total sampling. We included adults vaccinated for the first dose with CoronaVac in Puskesmas Putri Ayu. The data was collected between March 15th and June 3rd, 2021. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to analyse the predictive models. RESULTS There are 522 respondents included in this study. Nearly half of the respondents are male (52.1%) and mostly in the age category of 36-45 years old (21.1%). A total of 443 respondents (84.9%) are "vaccine acceptance," while the rest constitutes "vaccine hesitance and refusal." Multivariate analysis reveals that respondents who obtain permission from work or school to get vaccinated are more likely to be "vaccine acceptance" with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-2.91; p-value 0.025), and respondents with ≥ 2 comorbidities are less likely to be "vaccine acceptance" with an OR of 0.09 (95% CI 0.01-0.64; p-value 0.015). CONCLUSIONS There is a high vaccine acceptance in this study. Difficulties in getting a work permit and the presence of ≥ 2 comorbidities decrease the willingness to be vaccinated for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Sterling Octavius
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Karawaci, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.20, Bencongan, Kec. Klp. Dua, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15810, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Theo Audi Yanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Karawaci, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.20, Bencongan, Kec. Klp. Dua, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15810, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Rivaldo Steven Heriyanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Karawaci, Jl. Jend. Sudirman No.20, Bencongan, Kec. Klp. Dua, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten 15810, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Haviza Nisa
- Puskesmas Putri Ayu, Jambi, Jl. Slamet Riyadi, Legok, Danau Tlk., Kota Jambi, Jambi 36121, Indonesia
| | - Catherine Ienawi
- Puskesmas Putri Ayu, Jambi, Jl. Slamet Riyadi, Legok, Danau Tlk., Kota Jambi, Jambi 36121, Indonesia
| | - H Emildan Pasai
- Puskesmas Putri Ayu, Jambi, Jl. Slamet Riyadi, Legok, Danau Tlk., Kota Jambi, Jambi 36121, Indonesia
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Roy DN, Hossen MM, Biswas M, Islam E, Azam MS. Prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in students: A global systematic review. F1000Res 2022; 11:928. [PMID: 39290373 PMCID: PMC11406128 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122815.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Examining the prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy and understanding what motivates students to accept or reject a newly promoted vaccine has the potential in preventing rapid spread of infection and optimizing country-wide mass vaccination programs. This systematic review aimed to examine global COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among students, and to identify an up-to-date and concise assessment of most common factors influencing vaccine acceptance and hesitancy around the world. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literatures indexed in reputable databases was performed. After obtaining the results via screening using PRISMA flow diagram, a total of 35 articles met the inclusion criteria and formed the basic structure of the study objectives. Results: The results revealed that, the worldwide pooled COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate was (x̅%)=29.8% (95% CI 23.37-36.23) among students. According to the country count assessment, the pooled vaccine hesitancy has been found to be ups and downs across the countries around the world such as (x̅%)=32% (95% CI 20.04-43.97) in Asia, (x̅%)=(28.11%, 95% CI 18.83-37.40) in the United States, (x̅%)=15.59% (95% CI 8.23-22.95) in Europe, (x̅%)=55.93% (95% CI 40.31-71.55) in Africa, (x̅%)=20.4% in North America, and (x̅%)=22.5% in multi-ethnic areas in the reported student's COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. In total, 10 key factors were identified. "Side effect" 45.41% (95% CI 29.68-61.14), "safety" 42.27% (95% CI 27.50-57.04), and "trust" 44.95%, (95% CI 26.51-63.39) were the overarching concerns in making student's vaccination decisions. Conclusions: The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied among the students; however, vaccine acceptance or refusal relies on several socio-psychological, societal, and vaccine related factors. This study helps the vaccine policy-makers and health stakeholders gain a better understanding of COVID-19 vaccination drive and design the vaccine promotion strategies. Health educational interventions could be the most preferred approach to improve student's adherence and knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccination consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debendra Nath Roy
- Pharmacy department, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
- Institute of Education and Research, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohitosh Biswas
- Pharmacy department, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ekramul Islam
- Pharmacy department, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shah Azam
- Marketing department, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- Office of the Vice chancellor, Rabindra University, Shahjadpur, Bangladesh
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Ackah BBB, Woo M, Stallwood L, Fazal ZA, Okpani A, Ukah UV, Adu PA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 35850783 PMCID: PMC9294808 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination against the novel coronavirus is one of the most effective strategies for combating the global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major obstacle in several regions of the world, including Africa. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize the literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa. METHODS We searched Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and OVID Medline for studies published from January 1, 2020, to March 8, 2022, examining acceptance or hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa. Study characteristics and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were extracted from the included articles. RESULTS A total of 71 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Majority (n = 25, 35%) of the studies were conducted in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in Botswana, Cameroun, Cote D'Ivoire, DR Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were also included in the review. The vaccine acceptance rate ranged from 6.9 to 97.9%. The major reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns with vaccine safety and side effects, lack of trust for pharmaceutical industries and misinformation or conflicting information from the media. Factors associated with positive attitudes towards the vaccine included being male, having a higher level of education, and fear of contracting the virus. CONCLUSIONS Our review demonstrated the contextualized and multifaceted reasons inhibiting or encouraging vaccine uptake in African countries. This evidence is key to operationalizing interventions based on facts as opposed to assumptions. Our paper provided important considerations for addressing the challenge of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and blunting the impact of the pandemic in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty B. B. Ackah
- School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC Canada
| | - Michael Woo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Lisa Stallwood
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Zahra A. Fazal
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Arnold Okpani
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Prince A. Adu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
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Adjaottor ES, Addo FM, Ahorsu FA, Chen HP, Ahorsu DK. Predictors of COVID-19 Stress and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Adolescents in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137871. [PMID: 35805530 PMCID: PMC9266030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage world economies, and with its recent mutations, countries worldwide are finding ways of ramping up their vaccination programmes. This cross-sectional design study, therefore, examined the predictors of COVID-19 stress and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among adolescents in Ghana. A total of 817 participants were conveniently selected to respond to measures on fear of COVID-19, perceived stigma from COVID-19, self-stigma from COVID-19, believing COVID-19 information, COVID-19 infection prevention behaviours, COVID-19 stress, and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. It was found that females believed COVID-19 information and accepted COVID-19 vaccination more than males did. Moreover, there were significant relationships between the majority of the COVID-19-related variables. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19, self-stigma from COVID-19, and COVID-19 infection prevention behaviours were found to be significant predictors of COVID-19 stress. Additionally, believing COVID-19 information, danger and contamination fears (a subscale of COVID-19 stress), and traumatic stress (a subscale of COVID-19 stress) were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. These findings imply that different factors influence different COVID-19 variable. Therefore, careful considerations and research should be employed by health authorities and policymakers in preparing COVID-19 information to target different age groups and for different COVID-19 purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sethina Adjaottor
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi AK-4944, Ghana; (E.S.A.); (F.-M.A.)
| | - Frimpong-Manso Addo
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi AK-4944, Ghana; (E.S.A.); (F.-M.A.)
| | | | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-P.C.); (D.K.A.)
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (H.-P.C.); (D.K.A.)
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Yendewa SA, Ghazzawi M, James PB, Smith M, Massaquoi SP, Babawo LS, Deen GF, Russell JBW, Samai M, Sahr F, Lakoh S, Salata RA, Yendewa GA. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers and Trainees in Freetown, Sierra Leone: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:757. [PMID: 35632513 PMCID: PMC9143387 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite having safe and efficacious vaccines against COVID-19, vaccine hesitancy is widespread. Although a trusted source of information, vaccine hesitancy has been reported among healthcare professionals, yet few studies have explored this phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals in Sierra Leone from January to March 2022. Measures included sociodemographic/health-related information and COVID-19-related concerns. From the responses, we constructed a hesitancy (VAX) score, with higher scores implying negative attitudes or unwillingness to vaccinate. Multivariate linear regression was used to access factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. Overall, 592 participants submitted responses (67.2% female, mean age 29 years, 5.6% physicians/pharmacists, 44.3% medical students, 29.2% nurses, 20.9% nursing students). The mean VAX score was 43.27 ± 8.77, with 60.1% of respondents classified as vaccine hesitant (>50th percentile) and 13.8% as highly hesitant (>75th percentile). Worries about unforeseen future effects (76.3%), a preference for natural immunity (59.5%), and profiteering/mistrust of health authorities (53.1%) were the most common concerns. Being a medical student (β = 0.105, p = 0.011) and previously refusing a recommended vaccine (β = 0.177, p < 0.001) were predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Our findings call for addressing vaccine hesitancy among healthcare professionals as an essential component of strategies aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahr A. Yendewa
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - Peter B. James
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia;
| | - Mohamed Smith
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Samuel P. Massaquoi
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Lawrence S. Babawo
- Department of Nursing, School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Bo Campus, Bo, Sierra Leone;
| | - Gibrilla F. Deen
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - James B. W. Russell
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed Samai
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Foday Sahr
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sulaiman Lakoh
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone; (S.A.Y.); (M.S.); (S.P.M.); (G.F.D.); (J.B.W.R.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (S.L.)
- Connaught Hospital, University of Sierra Leone Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert A. Salata
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - George A. Yendewa
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Polašek O, Wazny K, Adeloye D, Song P, Chan KY, Bojude DA, Ali S, Bastien S, Becerra-Posada F, Borrescio-Higa F, Cheema S, Cipta DA, Cvjetković S, Castro LD, Ebenso B, Femi-Ajao O, Ganesan B, Glasnović A, He L, Heraud JM, Igwesi-Chidobe C, Iversen PO, Jadoon B, Karim AJ, Khan J, Biswas RK, Lanza G, Lee SWH, Li Y, Liang LL, Lowe M, Islam MM, Marušić A, Mshelia S, Manyara AM, Htay MNN, Parisi M, Peprah P, Sacks E, Akinyemi KO, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Sharov K, Rotarou ES, Stankov S, Supriyatiningsih W, Chan BTY, Tremblay M, Tsimpida D, Vento S, Glasnović JV, Wang L, Wang X, Ng ZX, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Campbell H, Chopra M, Cousens S, Krstić G, Macdonald C, Mansoori P, Patel S, Sheikh A, Tomlinson M, Tsai AC, Yoshida S, Rudan I. Research priorities to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health 2022; 12:09003. [PMID: 35475006 PMCID: PMC9010705 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.09003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to the functioning of societies and their health systems. Prior to the pandemic, health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were particularly stretched and vulnerable. The International Society of Global Health (ISoGH) sought to systematically identify priorities for health research that would have the potential to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs. METHODS The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative (CHNRI) method was used to identify COVID-19-related research priorities. All ISoGH members were invited to participate. Seventy-nine experts in clinical, translational, and population research contributed 192 research questions for consideration. Fifty-two experts then scored those questions based on five pre-defined criteria that were selected for this exercise: 1) feasibility and answerability; 2) potential for burden reduction; 3) potential for a paradigm shift; 4) potential for translation and implementation; and 5) impact on equity. RESULTS Among the top 10 research priorities, research questions related to vaccination were prominent: health care system access barriers to equitable uptake of COVID-19 vaccination (ranked 1st), determinants of vaccine hesitancy (4th), development and evaluation of effective interventions to decrease vaccine hesitancy (5th), and vaccination impacts on vulnerable population/s (6th). Health care delivery questions also ranked highly, including: effective strategies to manage COVID-19 globally and in LMICs (2nd) and integrating health care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs (3rd). Additionally, the assessment of COVID-19 patients' needs in rural areas of LMICs was ranked 7th, and studying the leading socioeconomic determinants and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in LMICs using multi-faceted approaches was ranked 8th. The remaining questions in the top 10 were: clarifying paediatric case-fatality rates (CFR) in LMICs and identifying effective strategies for community engagement against COVID-19 in different LMIC contexts. INTERPRETATION Health policy and systems research to inform COVID-19 vaccine uptake and equitable access to care are urgently needed, especially for rural, vulnerable, and/or marginalised populations. This research should occur in parallel with studies that will identify approaches to minimise vaccine hesitancy and effectively integrate care for COVID-19 with other essential health services in LMICs. ISoGH calls on the funders of health research in LMICs to consider the urgency and priority of this research during the COVID-19 pandemic and support studies that could make a positive difference for the populations of LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, University of Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kerri Wazny
- Children's Investment Fund Foundation, London, UK
| | - Davies Adeloye
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Kit Y Chan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina D Castro
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bassey Ebenso
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Omolade Femi-Ajao
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Balasankar Ganesan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Anton Glasnović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Longtao He
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Bismeen Jadoon
- Egyptian Representative, Committee of Fellows of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oxford, UK, Royal Berkshire Hospital, NHS, UK
| | | | - Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
- University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - You Li
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Li-Lin Liang
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mat Lowe
- Society for the Study of Women's Health, Kanifing, The Gambia
| | | | - Ana Marušić
- Department of Research in Biomedicine and Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Mila NN Htay
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | - Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre/Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma Sacks
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | | | | | - Konstantin Sharov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liang Wang
- Xuzhou Medical University, Yuzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zhi X Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mickey Chopra
- The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Simon Cousens
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Goran Krstić
- International Society of Global Health, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum Macdonald
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Smruti Patel
- Editor, Journal of Global Health Reports, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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James BC, Ede SS, Aroh CM, Okoh CF, Kanokwan C, Rasip ML, Enbeyle W. Attitudes and perceptions of Nigerians regarding receiving COVID-19 vaccines: an online cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:247. [PMID: 35734327 PMCID: PMC9188000 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.247.33286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the success of controlling pandemics like COVID-19 can be achieved through its vaccination program. Besides masks, social distance, and good hand hygiene, a rapid vaccine program is crucial in controlling this COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of Nigerians regarding accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods a cross-sectional study was carried out among 334 respondents aged 18 and above from the Southeastern region of Nigeria. A validated questionnaire was used for the data collection through an online Google form. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. The association of socio-demographics with attitudes and perceptions was analysed using chi-square tests and Fisher exact tests. At the 95 percent confidence level, a p-value of 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results sixty point two percent (60.2%) (n = 201) of respondents showed positive attitudes with a mean of (13.96±2.97). Gender was the only demographic factor associated with attitudes (p< 0.001). Respondents with poor perceptions were higher by 53.0% (n = 177) with a mean value of (3.30±1.17). Age, education, gender, and marital status were seen to be associated with perceptions of vaccine acceptance (p<0.05). There was a link between attitudes and perceptions (P> 0.001), as those with positive attitudes also exercised good perceptions. Conclusion this study revealed that respondents had positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination acceptance but negative perceptions of it. As a result, community and health promotion professionals, religious leaders, and local celebrities should use their platforms to raise awareness about the benefits of COVID-19 immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batholomew Chibuike James
- Public Health Program, Graduate School, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines
| | - Stephen Sunday Ede
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Chisom Favour Okoh
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chullapant Kanokwan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Prince Songkhla University Hat-Yai Songkhla Province 90110, Thailand
| | - Mona Lisa Rasip
- National Institutes of Health, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wegayehu Enbeyle
- College of Health Science, Mizan- Tepi University, Tepi bushira, Ethiopia
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