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Tolulope Nejo Y, Oluwasemowo OO, Ibidunni Ajao E, Odunayo Ajala M, Felicia Adedire O, Kingsley Adegbite I, Favour Esan B, Olajumoke Morakinyo O, Samuel Ibitoye A, Beauty Alade A. Serological profile of hepatitis B virus infection among traditional birth attendants and the attending pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38755959 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2355549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Although a sizable number of pregnant women patronize Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) for deliveries in Nigeria, efforts to prevent or reduce the risk of HBV transmission are not targeted at the TBAs and the pregnant women patronizing them. This may be linked to the dearth of information on the serological profiles of HBV among this cohort. We, therefore, show the serological profiles of HBV among the cohort. One hundred and seventy pregnant women and 91 TBAs participated in this study between May and July 2019. Serological markers of HBV infection were assayed using ELISA. A prevalence of, 8.0% (95% CI: 5.0% - 11.5%) for HBsAg, 0.8% (95% CI: 0.0% - 1.9%) for HBeAg, 2.7% (95% CI: 0.8% - 5.0%) for HBcIgM, 26.1% (95% CI: 20.7% - 31.4%) for anti-HBs, 21.5% (95% CI: 16.5% - 25.4%) for anti-HBe and 67.0% (95% CI: 60.9% - 72.8%) for anti-HBc was found indicating a high percentage of carriers. Although 32 (12.3%) of the entire participants claimed to be fully vaccinated, serological evidence was only detected in 4 (12.5%). The high percentage of carriers and low evidence of vaccination necessitate intensified efforts to ensure that adequate interventions are made available and accessible to the TBAs and the pregnant women patronizing them (including newborn babies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande Tolulope Nejo
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Esther Ibidunni Ajao
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Miracle Odunayo Ajala
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Kingsley Adegbite
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Boluwaji Favour Esan
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayodele Samuel Ibitoye
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Anuoluwapo Beauty Alade
- Microbiology Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Shahabi A. High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:1017-1024. [PMID: 36913930 PMCID: PMC10160909 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme immunoassay and sandwich ELISA, respectively. The molecular evaluation of HBV infection was conducted by two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting S, X, and precore regions of HBV genome, and sequencing by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology. Moreover, HBV viremic samples were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection by HCV Ab ELISA and seminested reverse transcriptase PCR. Of 279 hemodialysis patients, five (1.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 66 (23.7%) were positive for HBcAb, and 32 (11.5%) had HBV viremia with HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. Moreover, 90.6% of the hemodialysis patients with HBV viremia had occult HBV infection. Hemodialysis patients (11.5%) had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia than nonhemodialysis controls (1.08%; P = 0.0001). The prevalence of HBV viremia among hemodialysis patients was not statistically associated with duration of hemodialysis, age and gender distribution. In contrast, HBV viremia was significantly associated with place of residency and ethnicity, with residents of Dashtestan and Arab having had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia compared with the residents of other cities and Fars patients. Notably, 27.6% and 6.9% of hemodialysis patients infected with occult HBV infection were also positive for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV viremia, respectively. High prevalence of occult HBV infection was detected in hemodialysis patients, whereas 62% of patients with occult HBV infection were negative for HBcAb. Therefore, screening of all hemodialysis patients by sensitive molecular tests, regardless of the pattern of HBV serological markers, is recommended to increase the diagnosis rate of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Athar Shahabi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Farajzadeh H. Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:147-161. [PMID: 36587831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2163178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41-80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Farajzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Osasona OG, Oguntoye T, Eromon P, Abdulkareem L, Arowosaye AO, Ariyo OE, George UE, Yusuf M, Adewumi OM, Happi C, Folarin OA. Atypical serologic profiles of hepatitis B virus infection across clinical cohorts of patients in Southwestern Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:176-191. [PMID: 36681932 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2023.2168556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection follows a natural course of events predicted by a dynamic interaction between viral antigen and the host immune system, which forms the basis for HBV serological diagnosis. These interactions may deviate from the typical serologic patterns. This study investigates the types of atypical HBV serologic profiles (AHBSP) across clinical cohorts of patients with HBV infection in southwestern Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional, hospital-based, multi-centered study. Patients' sera were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc IgM, and anti-HBc IgG by ELISA from 279 study participants attending selected gastroenterology clinics between August 2019 and December 2020. The prevalence of atypical HBV serologic profiles was 27% (n = 76). The mean age of patients was 35.7 ± 11.2 years. The gender distribution involved 183 females (65.6%) and 96 males (34.4%). Across clinical cohorts of patients with atypical serologic profiles, HBeAg Negative, anti-HBe positive with detectable HBV DNA had the highest prevalence of 21% followed by isolated anti-HBc antibody positive, HBsAg negative and detectable HBV DNA, 5%. The atypical serologic profiles, HBeAg positive, HBsAg negative with detectable HBV DNA and concurrent anti-HBs with HBsAg, had the lowest prevalence, 0.4%, respectively. This study identified the considerable presence of atypical HBV serologic profiles across clinical cohorts of HBV infection in southwestern Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tosin Oguntoye
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido- Ekiti, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Philomena Eromon
- African Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious diseases Redeemer's University, Redeemer's University Ede, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Lukman Abdulkareem
- Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Nigeria
| | | | - Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido- Ekiti, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Uwem Etop George
- Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemer's University, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Musa Yusuf
- Department of Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido- Ekiti, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido-Ekiti, Ido Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Christian Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biological Sciences, Redeemers University, Ede, Nigeria
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Saberi F. Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:553. [PMID: 35715756 PMCID: PMC9206294 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 782 non-diabetic controls. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAb was determined by ELISA. Nested PCR, targeting S and pre-core regions of the HBV genome, followed by sequencing was carried out to determine HBV genotypes and predominant mutations in the S, basal core promoter (BCP), and pre-core regions of the HBV genome. Results Of 733 diabetic patients, 94 cases (12.82%) were positive for HBcAb, 28 cases (3.82%) were positive for HBsAg, and 19 cases (2.59%) had HBV-DNA with genotype D, sub-genotype D1/D3 and subtype ayw2. An occult HBV infection was found in one of the HBV DNA-positive samples, which was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. P120T/G145R, G1896A/G1899A, and A1762T/G1764T were the most frequent point substitution mutations detected in the S, pre-core, and BCP regions of the HBV genome, respectively. P120T and G145R mutations were associated with low levels or undetectable levels of HBsAg in serum. Therefore, routine tests based on HBsAg detection cannot detect HBsAg-negative infected patients. Conclusions Relatively high prevalence of HBV infection was found in diabetic patients, while all of the HBV-infected patients were unaware of their infection. Therefore, screening for HBV infection should be included in the management program of diabetes for timely diagnosis and treatment of infected but asymptomatic patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07528-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Saberi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, 751463334, Bushehr, Iran
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