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Mohammed S, Calvert C, O Mugisha J, Ronald M, Asiki G, R Glynn J, Oakley LL, Marston M. Association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda: a population-based cohort study. Glob Health Action 2024; 17:2338023. [PMID: 38652548 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2024.2338023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding is important for early childhood nutrition and health. The positive effects on educational outcomes may be attributed to socioeconomic factors. Socioeconomic status is not a strong predictor of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan African countries. Yet, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding and educational outcomes in these countries. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between breastfeeding duration and children's educational attainment in rural Southwest Uganda. METHODS We analysed longitudinal data on 3018 children who had information on breastfeeding and were followed for at least 5 years, with at least one primary school grade recorded by 2005. Data on breastfeeding duration were collected from mothers. The highest school grade was recorded repeatedly between ages 6 and 12 years. We calculated age-for-grade based on whether a child was on, over, or under the official age for a grade. Generalised estimating equations and binary logistic regression estimated the effect of breastfeeding duration on being 2 years, 3 or more years, or any years over-age for grade in primary school, adjusting for socioeconomic status and maternal-child characteristics. RESULTS Most mothers breastfed for more than a year. Just over one-third breastfed for 18-23 months, and 30% breastfed for longer. By age eight, 42% of the children were two years over-age for their grade. Three or more years over-age for grade increased from 19% at age nine to 56% at age 12. Both adjusted and unadjusted estimates were consistent in showing reduced odds for children being 2 years, 3 or more years, or any years over-age for grade among children breastfed for 7-12, 13-17, 18-23, and > 23 months compared to those breastfed for 0-6 months. There was no evidence to support an overall association between breastfeeding duration and being over-age for grade. There was no evidence of association in the sex and age sub-group analyses. CONCLUSION Although we found no association between breastfeeding duration and educational attainment, breastfeeding remains important for children's health and nutrition, and mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed for the recommended duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsudeen Mohammed
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Clara Calvert
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Makanga Ronald
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Uganda
| | - Judith R Glynn
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Laura L Oakley
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Milly Marston
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Mbabazi J, Pesu H, Mutumba R, Bromley K, Ritz C, Filteau S, Briend A, Mupere E, Grenov B, Friis H, Olsen MF. Correlates of early child development among children with stunting: A cross-sectional study in Uganda. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2024; 20:e13619. [PMID: 38291803 PMCID: PMC10981482 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Many children in low- and middle-income countries are not attaining their developmental potential. Stunting is associated with poor child development, but it is not known which correlates of stunting are impairing child development. We explored potential socioeconomic, nutritional, clinical, and household correlates of early child development among 12-59-month-old children with stunting in a cross-sectional study in Uganda. Development was assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT) across four domains of gross and fine motor, language, and social skills. Linear regression analysis was used to assess correlates of development in the four domains and total MDAT score. Of 750 children included, the median [interquartile range] age was 30 [23-41] months, 55% of the children resided in rural settings with 21% from female-headed households and 47% of mothers had no schooling. The mean ± standard deviation height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was -3.02 ± 0.74, 40% of the children had a positive malaria test and 65% were anaemic (haemoglobin < 110 g/L). One-third had children's books at home, majority (96%) used household objects to play with and most of them (70%) used toys as pretence items like those to mimic cooking. After age, sex, and site adjustments, HAZ (0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14-0.33) and head circumference (0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.12) were positive correlates of total MDAT score, whereas weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) was not. Current breastfeeding was associated with 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17-0.65) lower total MDAT score. Children from households with a single income earner had 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.37) lower total MDAT score. Furthermore, severe food insecurity, inflammation and positive malaria test were associated with lower scores for motor development. All family care indicator subscales (FCIs) positively correlated with the total MDAT score and this association was independent of household's socioeconomic status. In conclusion, stunting degree, head circumference, number of household income earners and stimulation by improved FCIs correlate with early child development among stunted children. The negative association with prolonged breastfeeding is likely due to reverse causality. Identified correlates may inform initiatives to support children with stunting attain their development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mbabazi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Hannah Pesu
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rolland Mutumba
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | | | - Christian Ritz
- The National Institute of Public HealthSouthern University of DenmarkCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population HealthLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - André Briend
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Tampere Center for Child Health ResearchUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
| | - Ezekiel Mupere
- Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthMakerere UniversityKampalaUganda
| | - Benedikte Grenov
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Henrik Friis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mette F. Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Infectious DiseasesRigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
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3
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Descarpentrie A, Poquet D, Brugailleres P, Sauvegrain P, Frenoy P, Richard E, Bernard JY, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Vandentorren S, Lioret S. Is breastfeeding duration related to the health of migrant mother-child dyads experiencing homelessness? The ENFAMS cross-sectional survey. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:796-802. [PMID: 37339520 PMCID: PMC10567129 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature from the general population shows a consensus about the health benefits associated with breastfeeding for both mothers and children. However, studies investigating these issues in the context of homelessness and migration are rare. This research aimed to examine the relations of any breastfeeding duration with health outcomes among migrant mother-child dyads experiencing homelessness. METHODS Data were collected among sheltered and mainly foreign-born mothers experiencing homelessness, and their children aged 6 months to 5 years, from the ENFAMS cross-sectional survey (n = 481, 2013-Great Paris area). Any breastfeeding duration, along with various health outcomes of both the mother and her child, was ascertained by face-to-face questionnaires administered by trained interviewers to mothers (perceived physical and emotional health and maternal depression) or by trained psychologists to children (adaptive behaviours). Nurses measured weight and height [thus allowing them to calculate body mass index (BMI)] and haemoglobin concentration (mother-child dyad) and maternal blood pressure. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine outcome-wide associations between any breastfeeding duration ≥6 months and the various mother-child outcomes. RESULTS Any breastfeeding ≥6 months was associated with lower systolic blood pressure in mothers (B = -0.40, 95% confidence interval = -0.68 to -0.12). No association was observed with the other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The relevance of supporting breastfeeding to improve mothers' physical health holds true in the context of migration and homelessness. It is therefore important to support breastfeeding in these settings. Moreover, given the documented social complexity of breastfeeding practices, interventions should take mothers' socio-cultural heritage and the structural barriers they face into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Descarpentrie
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Delphine Poquet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | | | - Priscille Sauvegrain
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Midwifery Unit, Paris, France
- Institut Convergences Migrations/CNRS, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Université Paris Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, “Exposome and Heredity” Team, CESP, Villejuif, France
| | - Elodie Richard
- CIFRE Fnasat, Université Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1219, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Blandine de Lauzon-Guillain
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Université Bordeaux, Inserm, UMR1219, PHARes Team, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Convergences Migrations/CNRS, Aubervilliers, France
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
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George AD, Paul S, Wang T, Huynh K, Giles C, Mellett N, Duong T, Nguyen A, Geddes D, Mansell T, Saffery R, Vuillermin P, Ponsonby AL, Burgner D, Burugupalli S, Meikle PJ. Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227340. [PMID: 37712002 PMCID: PMC10499237 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and research is still required to fully understand the lipidome and to interpret and translate findings. This study aimed to address key human milk lipidome knowledge gaps and discuss possible implications for early life health. Methods Human milk samples from two birth cohorts, the Barwon Infant Study (n = 312) and University of Western Australia birth cohort (n = 342), were analysed using four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods (lipidome, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, alkylglycerol). Bovine, goat, and soy-based infant formula, and bovine and goat milk were analysed for comparison. Composition was explored as concentrations, relative abundance, and infant lipid intake. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, mixed effects modelling, and correlation, with false discovery rate correction, to explore human milk lipidome longitudinal trends and inter and intra-individual variation, differences between sample types, lipid intakes, and correlations between infant plasma and human milk lipids. Results Lipidomics analysis identified 979 lipids. The human milk lipidome was distinct from that of infant formula and animal milk. Ether lipids were of particular interest, as they were significantly higher, in concentration and relative abundance, in human milk than in formula and animal milk, if present in the latter samples at all. Many ether lipids were highest in colostrum, and some changed significantly through lactation. Significant correlations were identified between human milk and infant circulating lipids (40% of which were ether lipids), and specific ether lipid intake by exclusively breastfed infants was 200-fold higher than that of an exclusively formula-fed infant. Conclusion There are marked differences between the lipidomes of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk, with notable distinctions between ether lipids that are reflected in the infant plasma lipidome. These findings have potential implications for early life health, and may reveal why breast and formula-fed infants are not afforded the same protections. Comprehensive lipidomics studies with outcomes are required to understand the impacts on infant health and tailor translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D. George
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudip Paul
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Wang
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Corey Giles
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Mellett
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Donna Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Toby Mansell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vuillermin
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Child Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satvika Burugupalli
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Pereyra-Elías R, Carson C, Quigley MA. Association between breastfeeding duration and educational achievement in England: results from the Millennium Cohort Study. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:665-672. [PMID: 37277226 PMCID: PMC10423478 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-325148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and educational outcomes at the end of secondary education among children from the Millennium Cohort Study. DESIGN Cohort study comparing school results at age 16 according to breastfeeding duration. SETTING England. PARTICIPANTS Children born in 2000-2002 (nationally representative sample). EXPOSURE Self-reported breastfeeding duration (categorised). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Standardised school assessments taken at the end of secondary education (General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSEs), marked 9-1) in English and Mathematics, categorised as: 'fail, marks <4', 'low pass, marks 4-6' and 'high pass, marks ≥7 (equivalent to A-A*)'. Additionally, overall achievement was measured using the 'attainment 8' score (adding the marks of eight GCSEs, English and Mathematics double weighted; 0-90). RESULTS Approximately 5000 children were included. Longer breastfeeding was associated with better educational outcomes. For example, after full adjustment for socioeconomic markers and maternal cognitive ability, in comparison with children who were never breastfed, those who were breastfed for longer were more likely to have a high pass in their English and Mathematics GCSEs, and less likely to fail the English GCSE (but not the Mathematics GCSE). Additionally, compared with those never breastfed, those breastfed for at least 4 months had, on average, a 2-3 point higher attainment 8 score (coefficients: 2.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 4.14 at 4-6 months; 2.56, 95% CI 0.65 to 4.47 at 6-12 months and 3.09, 95% CI 0.84 to 5.35 at ≥12 months). CONCLUSIONS A longer breastfeeding duration was associated with modest improvements in educational outcomes at age 16, after controlling for important confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Pereyra-Elías
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Carson
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria A Quigley
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Brown RCH, de Barra M. A Taxonomy of Non-honesty in Public Health Communication. Public Health Ethics 2023; 16:86-101. [PMID: 37151785 PMCID: PMC10161520 DOI: 10.1093/phe/phad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis paper discusses the ethics of public health communication. We argue that a number of commonplace tools of public health communication risk qualifying as non-honest and question whether or not using such tools is ethically justified. First, we introduce the concept of honesty and suggest some reasons for thinking it is morally desirable. We then describe a number of common ways in which public health communication presents information about health-promoting interventions. These include the omission of information about the magnitude of benefits people can expect from health-promoting interventions, and failure to report uncertainty associated with the outcomes of interventions. Next we outline some forms of behaviour which are generally recognised by philosophers as being non-honest, including deception, manipulation, and so on. Finally, we suggest that many of the public health communicative practices identified earlier share features with the non-honest behaviours described and suggest this warrants reflection upon whether such non-honesty is justified by the goals of public health communication.
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Vik ES, Kongslien S, Nedberg IH, Mariani I, Valente EP, Covi B, Lazzerini M. Women's experiences and views on early breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway: quantitative and qualitative findings from the IMAgiNE EURO study. Int Breastfeed J 2023; 18:15. [PMID: 36895002 PMCID: PMC9998246 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-023-00553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about women's experience of care and views on early breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. METHODS Women (n = 2922) who gave birth in a facility in Norway between March 2020 and June 2021 were invited to answer an online questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) Standard-based quality measures, exploring their experiences of care and views on early breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. To examine associations between year of birth (2020, 2021) and early breastfeeding-related factors, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multiple logistic regression. Qualitative data were analysed using Systematic Text Condensation. RESULTS Compared to the first year of the pandemic (2020), women who gave birth in 2021 reported higher odds of experiencing adequate breastfeeding support (adjOR 1.79; 95% CI 1.35, 2.38), immediate attention from healthcare providers when needed (adjOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.49, 2.39), clear communication from healthcare providers (adjOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.39, 2.22), being allowed companion of choice (adjOR 1.47; 95% CI 1.21, 1.79), adequate visiting hours for partner (adjOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09, 1.68), adequate number of healthcare providers (adjOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.02, 1.52), and adequate professionalism of the healthcare providers (adjOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.32, 2.08). Compared to 2020, in 2021 we found no difference in skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, adequate number of women per room, or women's satisfaction. In their comments, women described understaffed postnatal wards, early discharge and highlighted the importance of breastfeeding support, and concerns about long-term consequences such as postpartum depression. CONCLUSIONS In the second year of the pandemic, WHO Standard-based quality measures related to breastfeeding improved for women giving birth in Norway compared to the first year of the pandemic. Women's general satisfaction with care during COVID-19 did however not improve significantly from 2020 to 2021. Compared to pre-pandemic data, our findings suggest an initial decrease in exclusive breastfeeding at discharge during the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway with little difference comparing 2020 versus 2021. Our findings should alert researchers, policy makers and clinicians in postnatal care services to improve future practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Skirnisdottir Vik
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Sigrun Kongslien
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Ilaria Mariani
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuelle Pessa Valente
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Benedetta Covi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marzia Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
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Aderoba AK, Adu-Bonsaffoh K. Antenatal and Postnatal Care. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2022; 49:665-692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Kearney BE, Lanius RA. The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1015749. [PMID: 36478879 PMCID: PMC9720153 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the manifestation of trauma in the body is a phenomenon well-endorsed by clinicians and traumatized individuals, the neurobiological underpinnings of this manifestation remain unclear. The notion of somatic sensory processing, which encompasses vestibular and somatosensory processing and relates to the sensory systems concerned with how the physical body exists in and relates to physical space, is introduced as a major contributor to overall regulatory, social-emotional, and self-referential functioning. From a phylogenetically and ontogenetically informed perspective, trauma-related symptomology is conceptualized to be grounded in brainstem-level somatic sensory processing dysfunction and its cascading influences on physiological arousal modulation, affect regulation, and higher-order capacities. Lastly, we introduce a novel hierarchical model bridging somatic sensory processes with limbic and neocortical mechanisms regulating an individual's emotional experience and sense of a relational, agentive self. This model provides a working framework for the neurobiologically informed assessment and treatment of trauma-related conditions from a somatic sensory processing perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E. Kearney
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A. Lanius
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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