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Wang S, Wu B, Zhu L, Zhang W, Zhang L, Wu W, Wu J, Hu Y, Li T, Cui X, Luo X. The chemical characteristics of different sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:16. [PMID: 38287436 PMCID: PMC10826250 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies demonstrated that divalent organic iron (Fe) proteinate sources with higher complexation or chelation strengths as expressed by the greater quotient of formation (Qf) values displayed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers. Sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) is a trivalent organic Fe source with the strongest chelating ligand EDTA. However, the bioavailability of Fe when administered as NaFeEDTA in broilers and other agricultural animals remains untested. Herein, the chemical characteristics of 12 NaFeEDTA products were determined. Of these, one feed grade NaFeEDTA (Qf = 2.07 × 108), one food grade NaFeEDTA (Qf = 3.31 × 108), and one Fe proteinate with an extremely strong chelation strength (Fe-Prot ES, Qf value = 8,590) were selected. Their bioavailabilities relative to Fe sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet were evaluated during d 1 to 21 by investigating the effects of the above Fe sources and added Fe levels on the growth performance, hematological indices, Fe contents, activities and gene expressions of Fe-containing enzymes in various tissues of broilers. RESULTS NaFeEDTA sources varied greatly in their chemical characteristics. Plasma Fe concentration (PI), transferrin saturation (TS), liver Fe content, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities in liver, heart, and kidney, catalase (CAT) activity in liver, and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of Fe supplementation. However, differences among Fe sources were detected (P < 0.05) only for PI, liver Fe content, CAT activity in liver, SDH activities in heart and kidney, and SDH mRNA expressions in liver and kidney. Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regressions of the above indices on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake, the average bioavailabilities of Fe-Prot ES, feed grade NaFeEDTA, and food grade NaFeEDTA relative to the inorganic FeSO4·7H2O (100%) for broilers were 139%, 155%, and 166%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources relative to FeSO4·7H2O were closely related to their Qf values, and NaFeEDTA sources with higher Qf values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities for broilers fed with a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - We Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, People's Republic of China.
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Wang H, Liu Y, Che S, Li X, Tang D, Lv S, Zhao H. Deciphering the link: ferroptosis and its role in glioma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1346585. [PMID: 38322268 PMCID: PMC10844450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma, as the most frequently occurring primary malignancy in the central nervous system, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and cognitive abilities. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, is characterized by significant iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. This process is fundamentally dependent on iron. Various factors inducing ferroptosis can either directly or indirectly influence glutathione peroxidase, leading to reduced antioxidant capabilities and an increase in lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, culminating in oxidative cell death. Recent research indicates a strong connection between ferroptosis and a range of pathophysiological conditions, including tumors, neurological disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, kidney damage, and hematological diseases. The regulation of ferroptosis to intervene in the progression of these diseases has emerged as a major area of interest in etiological research and therapy. However, the exact functional alterations and molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis remain to be extensively studied. The review firstly explores the intricate relationship between ferroptosis and glioma, highlighting how ferroptosis contributes to glioma pathogenesis and how glioma cells may resist this form of cell death. Then, we discuss recent studies that have identified potential ferroptosis inducers and inhibitors, which could serve as novel therapeutic strategies for glioma. We also examine the current challenges in targeting ferroptosis in glioma treatment, including the complexity of its regulation and the need for precise delivery methods. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on ferroptosis in glioma, offering insights into future therapeutic strategies and the broader implications of this novel cell death pathway in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingfeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianshui First People's Hospital, Tianshui, China
| | - Shusheng Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongxue Tang
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaojing Lv
- Department of Operating Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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3
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Luo Y, Tian G, Fang X, Bai S, Yuan G, Pan Y. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Glioma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2123. [PMID: 36358495 PMCID: PMC9686959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor, and the current main standard treatment option is a combination of tumor surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the terribly poor five-year survival rate of patients with gliomas and the high recurrence rate of gliomas, some new and efficient therapeutic strategies are expected. Recently, ferroptosis, as a new form of cell death, has played a significant role in the treatment of gliomas. Specifically, studies have revealed key processes of ferroptosis, including iron overload in cells, occurrence of lipid peroxidation, inactivation of cysteine/glutathione antiporter system Xc- (xCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). In the present review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and introduced the application and challenges of ferroptosis in the development and treatment of gliomas. Moreover, we highlighted the therapeutic opportunities of manipulating ferroptosis to improve glioma treatments, which may improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusong Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guopeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shengwei Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
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4
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Ramavath HN, Chandra Mashurabad P, Yaduvanshi PS, Veleri S, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R. Zinc induces hephaestin expression via a PI3K-CDX2 dependent mechanism to regulate iron transport in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Chen K, Zhang S, Jiao J, Zhao S. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Lung Cancer: Updated Evidence from Pathogenesis to Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2022; 14:7079-7090. [PMID: 34992407 PMCID: PMC8709579 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s347955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and its occurrence is associated with many types of cell death. As a new form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis is an iron- dependent pattern of cell death and characterized by lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is different from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy at both the morphological and biochemical levels. It plays an important role in the development of lung cancer and induction of ferroptosis in lung cancer cells has become a new strategy for anti- lung cancer treatment. However, a few reviews summarized ferroptosis and its role in lung cancer has not been elucidated, and the precise mechanism of ferroptosis modeling lung cancer has not yet been revealed till date. Herein, we review the latest literature on the process of ferroptosis regarding lung cancer, including basic molecular or biology mechanistic studies both in vivo and in vitro, as well as human studies with a more translational or clinical approach. This review provides a practical, concise and updated outline on the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in lung cancer with ferroptosis alterations. Looking ahead, further studies are required to uncover the possible modulatory relationship between ferroptosis and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatic Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kondaiah P, Sharp PA, Pullakhandam R. Zinc induces iron egress from intestinal Caco-2 cells via induction of Hephaestin: A role for PI3K in intestinal iron absorption. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:987-992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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7
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Kentala H, Koponen A, Kivelä AM, Andrews R, Li C, Zhou Y, Olkkonen VM. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation. FASEB J 2018; 32:1281-1295. [PMID: 29092904 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ORP2 is implicated in cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, and adrenocortical steroid hormone production. We addressed ORP2 function in hepatocytes by generating ORP2-knockout (KO) HuH7 cells by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, followed by analyses of transcriptome, F-actin morphology, migration, adhesion, and proliferation. RNA sequencing of ORP2-KO cells revealed >2-fold changes in 579 mRNAs. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) uncovered alterations in the following functional categories: cellular movement, cell-cell signaling and interaction, cellular development, cellular function and maintenance, cellular growth and proliferation, and cell morphology. Many pathways in these categories involved actin cytoskeleton, cell migration, adhesion, or proliferation. Analysis of the ORP2 interactome uncovered 109 putative new partners. Their IPA analysis revealed Ras homolog A (RhoA) signaling as the most significant pathway. Interactions of ORP2 with SEPT9, MLC12, and ARHGAP12 were validated by independent assays. ORP2-KO resulted in abnormal F-actin morphology characterized by impaired capacity to form lamellipodia, migration defect, and impaired adhesion and proliferation. Rescue of the migration phenotype and generation of typical cell surface morphology required an intact ORP2 phosphoinositide binding site, suggesting that ORP2 function involves phosphoinositide binding and transport. The results point at a novel function of ORP2 as a lipid-sensing regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, with impacts on hepatocellular migration, adhesion, and proliferation.-Kentala, H., Koponen, A., Kivelä, A. M., Andrews, R., Li, C., Zhou, Y., Olkkonen, V. M. Analysis of ORP2-knockout hepatocytes uncovers a novel function in actin cytoskeletal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriikka Kentala
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Koponen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annukka M Kivelä
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert Andrews
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - ChunHei Li
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - You Zhou
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Ahn C, Lee MJ, Jeung EB. Expression and Localization of Equine Tissue-Specific Divalent Ion-Transporting Channel Proteins. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Zhao L, Hadziahmetovic M, Wang C, Xu X, Song Y, Jinnah HA, Wodzinska J, Iacovelli J, Wolkow N, Krajacic P, Weissberger AC, Connelly J, Spino M, Lee MK, Connor J, Giasson B, Harris ZL, Dunaief JL. Cp/Heph mutant mice have iron-induced neurodegeneration diminished by deferiprone. J Neurochem 2015; 135:958-74. [PMID: 26303407 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain iron accumulates in several neurodegenerative diseases and can cause oxidative damage, but mechanisms of brain iron homeostasis are incompletely understood. Patients with mutations in the cellular iron-exporting ferroxidase ceruloplasmin (Cp) have brain iron accumulation causing neurodegeneration. Here, we assessed the brains of mice with combined mutation of Cp and its homolog hephaestin. Compared to single mutants, brain iron accumulation was accelerated in double mutants in the cerebellum, substantia nigra, and hippocampus. Iron accumulated within glia, while neurons were iron deficient. There was loss of both neurons and glia. Mice developed ataxia and tremor, and most died by 9 months. Treatment with the oral iron chelator deferiprone diminished brain iron levels, protected against neuron loss, and extended lifespan. Ferroxidases play important, partially overlapping roles in brain iron homeostasis by facilitating iron export from glia, making iron available to neurons. Above: Iron (Fe) normally moves from capillaries to glia to neurons. It is exported from the glia by ferroportin (Fpn) with ferroxidases ceruloplasmin (Cp) and/or Hephaestin (Heph). Below: In mice with mutation of Cp and Heph, iron accumulates in glia, while neurons have low iron levels. Both neurons and glia degenerate and mice become ataxic unless given an iron chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhao
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Majda Hadziahmetovic
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenguang Wang
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China
| | - Xueying Xu
- Department of Medicine, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Song
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Departments of Neurology, Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Jared Iacovelli
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalie Wolkow
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Predrag Krajacic
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alyssa Cwanger Weissberger
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Spino
- ApoPharma Inc, Toronto, California, USA.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto M5S 3M2, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael K Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - James Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benoit Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Z Leah Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- F.M Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Powell LW. A career forged in iron. Hepatology 2015; 61:4-14. [PMID: 25043645 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrie W Powell
- The Center for the Advancement of Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, and The University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Ma XY, Liu SB, Lu L, Li SF, Xie JJ, Zhang LY, Zhang JH, Luo XG. Relative bioavailability of iron proteinate for broilers fed a casein-dextrose diet. Poult Sci 2014; 93:556-63. [PMID: 24604848 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was carried out to determine the bioavailability of organic Fe as Fe proteinate (Alltech, Nicholasville, KY) relative to inorganic Fe source (FeSO4•7H2O) for broiler chicks fed a casein-dextrose diet. A total of 448 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 1 of 8 replicate cages (8 chicks per cage) for each of 7 treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 Fe sources (Fe proteinate and Fe sulfate) and 3 levels of added Fe (10, 20, or 40 mg of Fe/kg) plus a Fe-unsupplemented control diet containing 4.56 mg of Fe/kg by analysis. Feed and distilled-deionized water were available ad libitum for an experimental phase of 14 d. At 14 d of age, blood samples were collected for testing hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit, and calculating total body Hb Fe, whereas liver and kidney samples were excised for Fe analyses. The results showed that ADG, ADFI, blood Hb, hematocrit, and total body Hb Fe and Fe concentrations in liver and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.0001), whereas mortality decreased linearly (P < 0.0001) as dietary Fe level increased. However, only blood Hb concentration and total body Hb Fe differed (P < 0.004) between the 2 Fe sources. Based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regression of Hb concentration and total body Hb Fe on daily intake of analyzed dietary Fe, the bioavailability of Fe proteinate relative to FeSO4•7H2O (100%) was 117 and 114%, respectively (P < 0.009). The results indicated that blood Hb concentration and total body Hb Fe were sensitive indices in reflecting differences in bioavailability among different Fe sources, and Fe proteinate was significantly more available to broilers than inorganic Fe sulfate in enhancing Hb concentration and total body Hb Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Ma
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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12
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Song N, Wang J, Jiang H, Xie J. Ferroportin1 and hephaestin overexpression attenuate iron-induced oxidative stress in MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 110:1063-72. [PMID: 20564203 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Elevated iron was found in the substantia nigra (SN) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Our previous in vivo experiments suggested that decreased ferroportin1 (FPN1) and hephaestin (HP) expression might account for the cellular iron accumulation and resulting dopaminergic neurons loss in the SN of PD animal models. In the present study, we investigated whether increased FPN1 and/or HP expression could attenuate iron-induced oxidative stress in the dopaminergic MES23.5 cell line. We generated MES23.5 cells with stable overexpression of FPN1 and/or HP. Our study showed that overexpression of FPN1 and/or HP increased iron efflux, lowered cellular iron level, suppressed reactive oxygen species production, and restored mitochondrial transmembrane potential, similar to the effects seen for the iron chelator deferoxamine. These results suggest that FPN1 and/or HP might directly contribute to iron efflux process from neurons in conditions of overexpression, thus prevent cellular iron accumulation and eventually protect cells from iron-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Kono S, Yoshida K, Tomosugi N, Terada T, Hamaya Y, Kanaoka S, Miyajima H. Biological effects of mutant ceruloplasmin on hepcidin-mediated internalization of ferroportin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:968-75. [PMID: 20655381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ceruloplasmin plays an essential role in cellular iron efflux by oxidizing ferrous iron exported from ferroportin. Ferroportin is posttranslationally regulated through internalization triggered by hepcidin binding. Aceruloplasminemia is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron homeostasis resulting from mutations in the ceruloplasmin gene. The present study investigated the biological effects of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked ceruloplasmin on the hepcidin-mediated internalization of ferroportin. The prevention of hepcidin-mediated ferroportin internalization was observed in the glioma cells lines expressing endogenous ceruloplasmin as well as in the cells transfected with GPI-linked ceruloplasmin under low levels of hepcidin. A decrease in the extracellular ferrous iron by an iron chelator and incubation with purified ceruloplasmin in the culture medium prevented hepcidin-mediated ferroportin internalization, while the reconstitution of apo-ceruloplasmin was not able to prevent ferroportin internalization. The effect of ceruloplasmin on the ferroportin stability was impaired due to three distinct properties of the mutant ceruloplasmin: namely, a decreased ferroxidase activity, the mislocalization in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the failure of copper incorporation into apo-ceruloplasmin. Patients with aceruloplasminemia exhibited low serum hepcidin levels and a decreased ferroportin protein expression in the liver. The in vivo findings supported the notion that under low levels of hepcidin, mutant ceruloplasmin cannot stabilize ferroportin because of a loss-of-function in the ferroxidase activity, which has been reported to play an important role in the stability of ferroportin. The properties of mutant ceruloplasmin regarding the regulation of ferroportin may therefore provide a therapeutic strategy for aceruloplasminemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kono
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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14
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Hudson DM, Curtis SB, Smith VC, Griffiths TAM, Wong AYK, Scudamore CH, Buchan AMJ, MacGillivray RTA. Human hephaestin expression is not limited to enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract but is also found in the antrum, the enteric nervous system, and pancreatic {beta}-cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G425-32. [PMID: 20019163 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00453.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hephaestin (Hp) is a membrane protein with ferroxidase activity that converts Fe(II) to Fe(III) during the absorption of nutritional iron in the gut. Using anti-peptide antibodies to predicted immunogenic regions of rodent Hp, previous immunocytochemical studies in rat, mouse, and human gut tissues localized Hp to the basolateral membranes of the duodenal enterocytes where the Hp was predicted to aid in the transfer of Fe(III) to transferrin in the blood. We used a recombinant soluble form of human Hp to obtain a high-titer polyclonal antibody to Hp. This antibody was used to identify the intracellular location of Hp in human gut tissue. Our immunocytochemical studies confirmed the previous localization of Hp in human enterocytes. However, we also localized Hp to the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract, the antral portion of the stomach, and to the enteric nervous system (both the myenteric and submucous plexi). Hp was also localized to human pancreatic beta-cells. In addition to its expression in the same cells as Hp, ferroportin was also localized to the ductal cells of the exocrine pancreas. The localization of the ferroxidase Hp to the neuronal plexi and the pancreatic beta cells suggests a role for the enzymatic function of Hp in the protection of these specialized cell types from oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Meeting the iron requirements of infants and children is difficult, and supplementation or fortification of food with iron is often recommended. Although iron supplementation of infants and children with iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia may be beneficial, recent studies suggest that this may not be the case for those with adequate iron status, and adverse effects have been noted. The recent discoveries of proteins and peptides regulating iron absorption have enhanced our knowledge of iron metabolism in infants and children. Iron is taken up in the small intestine by divalent metal transporter-1 and is either stored by ferritin inside the mucosal cell or transported to the systemic circulation by ferroportin, while being oxidized by hephaestin to be incorporated into transferrin. Hepcidin, a small peptide synthesized by the liver, can sense iron stores and regulates iron transport by inhibition of ferroportin. However, regulation of iron transporters is immature in infants, possibly explaining the adverse effects of iron supplementation. Interactions among iron, vitamin A, zinc, and copper need to be considered when evaluating the effects of iron supplementation on infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, Program in International Nutrition, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Effects of age and mineral intake on the regulation of iron absorption in infants. The journal The Journal of Pediatrics 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Hishikawa K, Iwai K. [Recent advance in the understanding of iron metabolism and its role on host defense]. NIHON RINSHO MEN'EKI GAKKAI KAISHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 28:372-80. [PMID: 16394640 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.28.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element for human beings, but at the same time, it is toxic for us to generate free radicals because of its high reactivity to molecular oxygen. Therefore, iron metabolism is tightly regulated. Recently, hepcidin, a peptide hormone secreted by hepatocytes in response to iron overload and inflammation, has been identified to be a predominant negative regulator of iron absorption in the duodenum and iron release from tissue macrophages. The discovery of hepcidin unexpectedly revealed the link between iron metabolism and host defense. Here we describe recent advance in our understanding on the regulation of iron metabolism, including our findings and discuss its relationship to various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hishikawa
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University
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18
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Ludwiczek S, Theurl I, Bahram S, Schümann K, Weiss G. Regulatory networks for the control of body iron homeostasis and their dysregulation in HFE mediated hemochromatosis. J Cell Physiol 2005; 204:489-99. [PMID: 15744772 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the recent identification of several genes has extended our knowledge on the maintenance of body iron homeostasis, their tissue specific expression patterns and the underlying regulatory networks are poorly understood. We studied C57black/Sv129 mice and HFE knockout (HFE -/-) variants thereof as a model for hemochromatosis, and investigated the expression of iron metabolism genes in the duodenum, liver, and kidney as a function of dietary iron challenge. In HFE +/+ mice dietary iron supplementation increased hepatic expression of hepcidin which was paralleled by decreased iron regulatory protein (IRP) activity, and reduced expression of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT-1) and duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb) in the enterocyte. In HFE -/- mice hepcidin formation was diminished upon iron challenge which was associated with decreased hepatic transferrin receptor (TfR)-2 levels. Accordingly, HFE -/- mice presented with high duodenal Dcytb and DMT-1 levels, and increased IRP and TfR expression, suggesting iron deficiency in the enterocyte and increased iron absorption. In parallel, HFE -/- resulted in reduced renal expression of Dcytb and DMT-1. Our data suggest that the feed back regulation of duodenal iron absorption by hepcidin is impaired in HFE -/- mice, a model for genetic hemochromatosis. This change may be linked to inappropriate iron sensing by the liver based on decreased TfR-2 expression, resulting in reduced circulating hepcidin levels and an inappropriate up-regulation of Dcytb and DMT-1 driven iron absorption. In addition, iron excretion/reabsorption by the kidneys may be altered, which may aggravate progressive iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ludwiczek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Bridges CC, Zalups RK. Molecular and ionic mimicry and the transport of toxic metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 204:274-308. [PMID: 15845419 PMCID: PMC2409291 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite many scientific advances, human exposure to, and intoxication by, toxic metal species continues to occur. Surprisingly, little is understood about the mechanisms by which certain metals and metal-containing species gain entry into target cells. Since there do not appear to be transporters designed specifically for the entry of most toxic metal species into mammalian cells, it has been postulated that some of these metals gain entry into target cells, through the mechanisms of ionic and/or molecular mimicry, at the site of transporters of essential elements and/or molecules. The primary purpose of this review is to discuss the transport of selective toxic metals in target organs and provide evidence supporting a role of ionic and/or molecular mimicry. In the context of this review, molecular mimicry refers to the ability of a metal ion to bond to an endogenous organic molecule to form an organic metal species that acts as a functional or structural mimic of essential molecules at the sites of transporters of those molecules. Ionic mimicry refers to the ability of a cationic form of a toxic metal to mimic an essential element or cationic species of an element at the site of a transporter of that element. Molecular and ionic mimics can also be sub-classified as structural or functional mimics. This review will present the established and putative roles of molecular and ionic mimicry in the transport of mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and selected oxyanions in target organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Bridges
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA 31207, USA.
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20
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di Patti MCB, Persichini T, Mazzone V, Polticelli F, Colasanti M, Musci G. Interleukin-1beta up-regulates iron efflux in rat C6 glioma cells through modulation of ceruloplasmin and ferroportin-1 synthesis. Neurosci Lett 2004; 363:182-6. [PMID: 15172111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 04/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of pathologies, including neurodegeneration and inflammation, have been associated with iron dysmetabolism in the brain. Hence, systems involved in iron homeostasis at the cellular level have aroused considerable interest in recent years. The iron exporter ferroportin-1 (FP) and the multicopper oxidase ceruloplasmin (CP) are essential for iron efflux from cells. By using RT-PCR, we demonstrate that FP and CP gene expression is up-regulated by treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in rat C6 cells, taken as a glial cellular model. Following stimulation with IL-1beta, a higher expression level of CP and FP was also confirmed by Western blotting. Moreover, IL-1beta has been found to increase iron efflux from C6 cells, suggesting that both proteins may play a crucial role in iron homeostasis in pathological brain conditions, such as inflammatory and/or neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Davies PS, Enns CA. Expression of the hereditary hemochromatosis protein HFE increases ferritin levels by inhibiting iron export in HT29 cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:25085-92. [PMID: 15044462 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400537200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for life in almost all organisms and, in mammals, is absorbed through the villus cells of the duodenum. Using a human colonic carcinoma cell line that has many duodenal characteristics, HT29, we show that genes involved in intestinal iron transport are endogenously expressed. When stably transfected to express the hereditary hemochromatosis protein HFE these cells have increased ferritin levels. We demonstrate that this is not due to an effect on the transferrin (TF)-mediated iron uptake pathway but rather due to inhibition of iron efflux from the cell. The effect of HFE was independent of its interaction with TF receptor 1 as indicated by similar results using both the wild type HFE and the W81A mutant that binds TF receptor 1 with greatly reduced affinity. HFE expression did not affect the mRNA levels of most of the genes involved in iron absorption that were tested; however, it did correspond to a decrease in hephaestin message levels. These results point to a role for HFE in inhibition of iron efflux in HT29 cells. This is a distinct role from that in HeLa and human embryonic kidney 293 cells where HFE has been shown to inhibit TF-mediated iron uptake resulting in decreased ferritin levels. Such a distinction suggests a multifunctional role for HFE that is dependent upon expression levels of proteins involved in iron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Davies
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA
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22
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Wu LJC, Leenders AGM, Cooperman S, Meyron-Holtz E, Smith S, Land W, Tsai RYL, Berger UV, Sheng ZH, Rouault TA. Expression of the iron transporter ferroportin in synaptic vesicles and the blood–brain barrier. Brain Res 2004; 1001:108-17. [PMID: 14972659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis in the mammalian brain is an important and poorly understood subject. Transferrin-bound iron enters the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier from the systemic circulation, and iron subsequently dissociates from transferrin to enter brain parenchyma by an unknown mechanism. In recent years, several iron transporters, including the iron importer DMT1 (Ireg1, MTP, DCT1) and the iron exporter ferroportin (SLC11A3, Ireg, MTP1) have been cloned and characterized. To better understand brain iron homeostasis, we have characterized the distribution of ferroportin, the presumed intestinal iron exporter, and have evaluated its potential role in regulation of iron homeostasis in the central nervous system. We discovered using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry that ferroportin is expressed in the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier, in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and the choroid plexus and ependymal cells. In addition, we discovered using techniques of immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical purification of synaptic vesicles that ferroportin is associated with synaptic vesicles. In the blood-brain barrier, it is likely that ferroportin serves as a molecular transporter of iron on the abluminal membrane of polarized endothelial cells. The role of ferroportin in synaptic vesicles is unknown, but its presence at that site may prove to be of great importance in neuronal iron toxicity. The widespread representation of ferroportin at sites such as the blood-brain barrier and synaptic vesicles raises the possibility that trafficking of elemental iron may be instrumental in the distribution of iron in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jui-chen Wu
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Abstract
All organisms require iron for respiration and oxygen transport, thus elaborate systems for uptake and distribution of iron are found throughout the kingdoms of life
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Rouault
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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24
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Wintz H, Fox T, Wu YY, Feng V, Chen W, Chang HS, Zhu T, Vulpe C. Expression profiles of Arabidopsis thaliana in mineral deficiencies reveal novel transporters involved in metal homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:47644-53. [PMID: 13129917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m309338200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants directly assimilate minerals from the environment and thus are key for acquisition of metals by all subsequent consumers. Limited bio-availability of copper, zinc and iron in soil decreases both the agronomic productivity and the nutrient quality of crops. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying metal homeostasis in plants is a prerequisite to optimizing plant yield and metal nutrient content. To absorb and maintain a balance of potentially toxic metal ions, plants utilize poorly understood mechanisms involving a large number of membrane transporters and metal binding proteins with overlapping substrate specificities and complex regulation. To better understand the function and the integrated regulation, we analyzed in Arabidopsis the expression patterns in roots and in leaves of 53 genes coding for known or potential metal transporters, in response to copper, zinc, and iron deficiencies in Arabidopsis. Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles revealed specific transcriptional regulation by metals of the genes contrasting with the known wide substrate specificities of the encoded transporters. Our analysis suggested novel transport roles for several gene products and we used functional complementation of yeast mutants to correlate specific regulation by metals with transport activity. We demonstrate that two ZIP genes, ZIP2 and ZIP4, are involved in copper transport. We also present evidence that AtOPT3, a member of the oligopeptide transporter gene family with significant similarities to the maize iron-phytosiderophore transporter YS1, is regulated by metals and heterologous expression AtOPT3 can rescue yeast mutants deficient in metal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wintz
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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