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Lakshmi Sadhana S, Priya Dharshini K, Ramya Devi D, Naryanan VHB, Veerapandian B, Luo RH, Yang JX, Shanmugam SR, Ponnusami V, Brzezinski M, Zheng YT. Investigation of Levan-Derived Nanoparticles of Dolutegravir: A Promising Approach for the Delivery of Anti-HIV Drug as Milk Admixture. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00191-6. [PMID: 38768757 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles composed of Levan and Dolutegravir (DTG) have been successfully synthesized using a spray drying procedure specifically designed for milk/food admixture applications. Levan, obtained from the microorganism Bacillus subtilis, was thoroughly characterized using MALDI-TOF and solid-state NMR technique to confirm its properties. In the present study, this isolated Levan was utilized as a carrier for drug delivery applications. The optimized spray-dried nanoparticles exhibited a smooth surface morphology with particle sizes ranging from 195 to 329 nm. In the in-vitro drug release experiments conducted in water media, the spray-dried nanoparticles showed 100 % release, whereas the unprocessed drug exhibited only 50 % release at the end of 24 h. Notably, the drug release in milk was comparable to that in plain media, indicating the compatibility. The improved dissolution rate observed for the nanoparticles could be attributed to the solid-state conversion (confirmed by XRD analysis) of DTG from its crystalline to amorphous state. The stability of the drug was verified using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. To evaluate the in-vitro cellular toxicity, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted, which revealed the CC50 value of 88.88 ± 5.10 µg/mL for unprocessed DTG and 101.08 ± 37.37 µg/mL for DTG nanoparticles. These results indicated that the toxicity of the nanoparticles was comparable to the unprocessed drug. Furthermore, the anti-HIV activity of the nanoparticles in human cell lines was found to be similar to that of the pure drug, emphasizing the therapeutic efficacy of DTG in combating HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakshmi Sadhana
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Priya Dharshini
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Ramya Devi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vedha Hari B Naryanan
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 214, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bhuvaneshwari Veerapandian
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jin-Xuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam
- Biosystems Engineering, 120 Forest Products Laboratory, College of Engineering, Auburn University, United States of America
| | - V Ponnusami
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, ASK-II, Lab No: 316, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marek Brzezinski
- Department of Functional Polymers and Polymer Materials, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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Nel M, Samsodien H, Aucamp ME. Using natural excipients to enhance the solubility of the poorly water-soluble antiretroviral, efavirenz. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Fandaruff C, Caon T, Araya-Sibaja AM, Rauber GS, Silva MAS, Simões CMO, de Campos CEM, Bortoluzzi AJ, Resende JALC, Cuffini SL. A New Saquinavir Mesylate-Sodium Decyl Sulfate Salt Discovered by Serendipity during an Anomalous Dissolution Test. Pharm Res 2022; 39:189-200. [PMID: 35064418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the anomalous behavior of Saquinavir Mesylate (SQVM) in sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) medium during a dissolution test through a crystallographic analysis of the crystal obtained. As a result, it will be possible to elucidate its crystal structure and carry out a complete solid-state characterization of the API. METHODS The solid form obtained was characterized by a structural analysis through X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. The crystallographic structures of the new salt and the SQVM were compared. In addition, a complete solid-state characterization of SQVM raw material was carried out by techniques such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and a dissolution method. RESULTS A new salt consisting of SQVM and SDS was crystallized and its crystal structure was elucidated and reported herein for the first time. The anionic part of SDS interacts with the cationic segment of SQVM to obtain a new salt designated as SQV-DS, which precipitates. The main difference between the two structures occurs in the c-axis expansion, which increases from 15.966 (5) to 21.1924 (14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Some of the strategies to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble APIs include the use of surfactants such as SDS in the dissolution medium, as well as in the formulated products. However, there have been constant reports of a dissolution rate slowdown by some surfactants. The interaction mechanisms between the APIs and the dissolution medium containing surfactants need to be carefully investigated in current pharmaceutical formulations. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica e Cosmetologia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Schneider Rauber
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Adailton João Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências dos Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Madan JR, Dere SG, Awasthi R, Dua K. Efavirenz Loaded Mixed Polymeric Micelles: Formulation, Optimization, and In Vitro Characterization. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:322-334. [PMID: 34129373 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFZ) is a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) Class-II, first-line antiretroviral (ARV) drug. However, its utility through the oral route is restricted by its poor solubility. The objective of this study was to formulate EFZ-loaded binary-mixed micelles as a potential carrier for oral administration of EFZ. Rubingh's regular solution theory was used to determine the interaction behavior of the two components (Cremophor RH 40 and Phospholipon 80H) and of the mixed micelles and synergistic behavior was confirmed. The mixed miceller system was formulated using solvent evaporation method and a 32 factorial design was used for the optimization of selected independent variables. Miceller systems were further characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, zeta potential, percent entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry measurements confirmed the entrapment of EFZ in the micelles. The optimized formulation presented desirable qualities viz., nanometric size (17.27 ± 0.079), high entrapment efficiency, and good colloidal stability. The prepared optimized micelles can be potential carriers for EFZ in ARV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana R Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant G Dere
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Center for Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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Bedor DCG, Bedor NCTC, Neto JGP, José de Alencar Danda L, de Oliveira FM, de Oliveira GHO, Soares Sobrinho JL, Beyssac E, Castro WVD, Santana DPD. Characterization, in vitro dissolution, and pharmacokinetics of different batches of efavirenz raw materials. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:725-734. [PMID: 34038291 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the solid-state characterization and the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of three batches of efavirenz (EFV) active pharmaceutical ingredients. SIGNIFICANCE EFV is an effective anti-HIV drug. Due to the poor aqueous solubility, the rate and extent of EFV absorption deeply depend on its dissolution characteristics. METHODS Thermal analyses, x-ray diffraction, and particle size distribution were performed. The saturation solubility and dissolution profiles were assessed in 0.5% (w/v) sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), and fed-state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF) using a flow-through cell. Each batch was orally administered to Wistar rats and the pharmacokinetic parameters were correlated with those obtained from in vitro dissolution. RESULTS All batches of EFV consisted polymorph I. EFV-A presented the lowest particle size distribution [d(v,0.5) = 197.8 µm; d(v,0.9) = 444.6 µm] followed by EFV-B [d(v,0.5) = 223.9 µm; d(v,0.9) = 481.1 µm], and EFV-C [d(v,0.5) = 240.8 µm; d(v,0.9) = 497.3 µm]. The saturated solubility in FaSSIF was 36% and 40% of that in FeSSIF and SLS, respectively. EFV-A presented the fastest rate and largest extension of dissolution than EFV-B and C (79.15%, 69.93% and 54.22%, respectively, as well as the highest maximum plasma concentration. Levels B, C, and multiple-C of IVIVC models were achieved. CONCLUSION The FaSSIF medium discriminated the dissolution profiles of EFV APIs. Small differences in particle size distribution had a significant impact on the biopharmaceutical parameters of EFV, suggesting that strict control of such parameter is an important aspect during API development and drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric Beyssac
- Biopharmaceutical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont, France
| | - Whocely Victor de Castro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis Brazil
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Tabosa AÉGA, Ferreira AS, da Silva NM, da Silva Nascimento DDS, de Moura Ferraz LR, Silva JYR, Junior SA, da Silva RMF, Rolim LA, Rolim-Neto PJ. Prolonged Release of Anti-Retroviral Efavirenz From System Using ZIF-8 as Carrier. Curr HIV Res 2020; 18:396-404. [PMID: 32753016 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200804130734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health problem in the world. One of the highly effective drugs in anti-HIV therapy is efavirenz (EFZ), which is classified as Class II according to the Classification System of Biopharmaceuticals, presenting low solubility and high permeability, this being an obstacle related to the drug. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to obtain an innovative system based on EFZ and the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF-8) to use in the development of prolonged-release pharmaceutical forms that can circumvent this problem. METHODS The EFZ: ZIF-8 system was obtained by a selected ex-situ method due to its higher incorporation efficiency. Different characterization techniques corroborated the obtainment of the system, and drug release was analyzed by dissolution testing under sink conditions, the profiles being adjusted to some kinetic models. RESULTS At pH 1.2, the structure of ZIF-8 breaks down rapidly, releasing a large amount of drug within either 3h or short time. In the pH 4.5 and 6.8 medium, the EFZ release from the EFZ: ZIF-8 system obtained in ethanol was prolonged, releasing 95% of the drug in 24h at pH 4.5 and 75% medium at pH 6.8. CONCLUSION It is evident that a promising pH-sensitive system was obtained using ZIF-8 as a novel carrier of EFZ intended for the alternative treatment of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinne Élida Gonçalves Alves Tabosa
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Natália Millena da Silva
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Débora Dolores Souza da Silva Nascimento
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Leslie Raphael de Moura Ferraz
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - José Yago Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratory Rare Earths BSTR, Fundamental Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Severino Alves Junior
- Laboratory Rare Earths BSTR, Fundamental Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Jornalista Aníbal Fernandes, s/n - Cidade Universitária, 50740-560, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Rosali Maria Ferreira da Silva
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central Analytical of Drugs, Medicines and Food, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n, Centro, 56304-917, Petrolina-PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jose Rolim-Neto
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Arthur de Sá, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521, Recife-PE, Brazil
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Hamed R, Alnadi SH, Awadallah A. The Effect of Enzymes and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Surface Tension of Dissolution Media: Toward Understanding the Solubility and Dissolution of Carvedilol. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:146. [PMID: 32435989 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the effect of the physiologically relevant enzymes pepsin, pancreatin, and the synthetic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of the weakly basic drug carvedilol. Compendial dissolution media and buffer solutions that simulate the gastrointestinal fluid, prepared with and without the addition of SLS, were used in this study. The surface tension of the dissolution media; critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SLS in buffer solutions; and size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of SLS micelles loading carvedilol were determined. The solubility and dissolution of carvedilol were investigated and compared with those of the corresponding media prepared without the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS. Results showed that the addition of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS lowered the surface tension of the dissolution media to 54.8, 55.7, and ~ 30 mN/m, respectively. The solubility of carvedilol was significantly enhanced with pepsin and SLS; however, no significant difference was found with pancreatin. The dissolution rate of carvedilol was fast in simulated gastric fluid with and without pepsin. The dissolution was further enhanced in media with pancreatin and SLS. The dissolution data were corroborated with the molar micellar solubilization (X) of SLS, ranging between 0.02 and 3.09. Understanding the effect of pepsin, pancreatin, and SLS on the surface tension of the dissolution media and the solubility and dissolution of poorly soluble drugs can improve our knowledge of the performance of these drugs in vivo.
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Martin B, Garrait G, Beyssac E, Goudouneche D, Perez E, Franceschi S. Organogel Nanoparticles as a New Way to Improve Oral Bioavailability of Poorly Soluble Compounds. Pharm Res 2020; 37:92. [PMID: 32394200 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate organogel nanoparticles as a lipophilic vehicle to increase the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. Efavirenz (EFV), a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II, was used as drug model. METHODS Organogel nanoparticles loaded with EFV were formulated with sunflower oil, 12-hydroxystearic acid (HSA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Various parameters have been investigated in the current study such as (i) the release profile of organogel assessed by USP 4 cell flow dialysis, (ii) the impact of organogel on intestinal absorption, using Caco-2 cells as in vitro model and jejunum segments as ex vivo assay and (iii) the bioavailability of organogel following oral pharmacokinetic study. RESULTS 250-300 nm spherical particles with a final concentration of 4.75 mg/mL drug loading were obtained, corresponding to a thousand fold increase in EFV solubility, combined to a very high encapsulation efficiency (>99.8%). Due to rapid diffusion, drug was immediately released from the nanoparticles. The biopharmaceutical evaluation on ex vivo jejunum segments demonstrated an increased absorption of EFV from organogel nanoparticles compare to a native EFV suspension. In vitro assays combining Caco-2 cell cultures with TEM and confocal microscopy demonstrated passive diffusion, while paracellular integrity and endocytosis activity remain expelled. Oral pharmacokinetics of EFV organogel nanoparticles improve oral bioavailability (Fr: 249%) and quick absorption compared to EFV suspension. CONCLUSION Organogel nanoparticles increase the bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs. The main phenomena is simply oil transfer from the gelled particles through the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghislain Garrait
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Beyssac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDIS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Dominique Goudouneche
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, 113 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Emile Perez
- Université de Toulouse, UPS/CNRS, IMRCP, Toulouse, France
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Sarabu S, Kallakunta VR, Bandari S, Batra A, Bi V, Durig T, Zhang F, Repka MA. Hypromellose acetate succinate based amorphous solid dispersions via hot melt extrusion: Effect of drug physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115828. [PMID: 32059882 PMCID: PMC7082948 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of drug and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) grades physicochemical properties on extrusion process, dissolution and stability of the hot melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of nifedipine and efavirenz was investigated. Incorporation of drugs affected the extrusion temperature required for solid dispersion preparation. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the amorphous conversion of the drugs in the prepared formulations. The amorphous nature of ASDs was unchanged after 3 months of stability testing at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. The dissolution efficiency of the ASDs was dependent on the log P of the drug. The inhibitory effect of HPMCAS on drug precipitation was dependent on the hydrophobic interactions between drug and polymer, polymer grade, and dose of the drug. The dissolution efficiency and dissolution rate of the ASDs were dependent on the log P of the drug and solubility and hydrophilicity of the polymer grade respectively. The inhibitory effect of HPMCAS on drug precipitation was dependent on the hydrophobic interactions between drug and polymer, polymer grade, and the dissolution dose of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sarabu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Venkata Raman Kallakunta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA.
| | - Amol Batra
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Vivian Bi
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Thomas Durig
- Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Wilmington, DE 19808, USA.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Mississippi University, 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Instruction, The University of Mississippi University 38677, USA.
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Kamboj S, Sethi S, Rana V. Lipid based delivery of Efavirenz: An answer to its erratic absorption and food effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:199-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Bezerra KDC, Pinto EC, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Development of a Dissolution Method for Gliclazide Modified-Release Tablets Using USP Apparatus 3 with in Vitro-in Vivo Correlation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:701-707. [PMID: 29962453 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gliclazide (GLZ) is a second generation hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The low solubility of GLZ has been described as the rate limiting step for drug dissolution and absorption, thus a prediction of its in vivo behavior based on a discriminative dissolution test should lead to a relevant in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). The aim of this study was to develop a dissolution method for GLZ modified-release (MR) tablets using an United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 3 through its evaluation by an IVIVC analysis. Various dissolution parameters were evaluated to establish an in vitro method for GLZ tablets. The final dissolution conditions, referred to as method 3, utilized a 400 µm mesh and 30 dips per minute over a total period of 10 h that included 1h in HCl media (pH 1.2), 2h in acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5), 1 h in phosphate buffer solution (PBS; pH 5.8), 5h in PBS (pH 6.8) and finally 1h in PBS (pH 7.2). The calculated point-to-point IVIVC (R2=0.9970) was significantly greater than other methods. The robustness of method 3 suggests it could be applied to pharmaceutical equivalence studies and for quality control analyses of GLZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Costa Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
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Cappelletto E, Firrito C, Pizzato M, Rebuffi L, Scardi P. Mechanical activation of Efavirenz: the effects on the dissolution and inhibitory behavior. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 23:1128-1135. [PMID: 29688125 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1469148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A poorly water-soluble drug (Efavirenz) was mechanically activated by ball-milling. The effect of the mechanical activation on the dissolution behavior and bioavailability was investigated revealing possible correlations with the grinding action, in terms of crystallinity, particle size and morphology.With proper selection of the grinding parameters the dissolution kinetics can be controlled, both in terms of dissolution velocity and as amount of dissolved drug. In vitro biological tests show that milling does not impair the ability of Efavirenz to inhibit HIV-1 infection (p value >0.05); the IC50 values of ground Efavirenz is indeed lower than values for the pristine micronized powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cappelletto
- a Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering , University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - C Firrito
- b Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - M Pizzato
- b Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - L Rebuffi
- c Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Trieste , Basovizza , Italy
| | - P Scardi
- a Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering , University of Trento , Trento , Italy
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Vedha Hari B, Lu CL, Narayanan N, Wang RR, Zheng YT. Engineered polymeric nanoparticles of Efavirenz: Dissolution enhancement through particle size reduction. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Vieira ACC, Ferreira Fontes DA, Chaves LL, Alves LDS, de Freitas Neto JL, de La Roca Soares MF, Soares-Sobrinho JL, Rolim LA, Rolim-Neto PJ. Multicomponent systems with cyclodextrins and hydrophilic polymers for the delivery of Efavirenz. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:133-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nemaura T. Modeling transportation of efavirenz: inference on possibility of mixed modes of transportation and kinetic solubility. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:121. [PMID: 26106329 PMCID: PMC4458577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding drug transportation mechanisms in the human body is of paramount importance in modeling Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic relationships. This work gives a novel general model of efavirenz transportation projections based on concentrations simulated from patients on a dose of 600 mg. The work puts forward a proposition that transportation can wholly be modeled by concentration and time in a uniform volumetric space. Furthermore, movement entities are used to inform the state of “kinetic solubility” of a solution. There is use of Ricker's model, and forms of the Hill's equation in modeling transportation. Characterization on the movement rates of solution particle are suggested in relation to advection rate of solution particle. At turning points on the transportation rate of solution particle vs. concentration curve, a suggestion of possibly change of dominance in the mode of transportation and saturation is made. There are four movement rates postulated at primary micro-level transportation, that are attributed to convection, diffusion [passive transportation (EI)] and energy dependent system transportation (ED) in relation to advection. Furthermore, a new parameter is introduced which is defined as an advection rate constant of solution particle. It is postulated to be dependent on two rate constants of solution particle, that is a convection rate constant of solution particle and a saturable transportation rate constant of solution particle. At secondary micro-level transportation, the results show convection as sum of advection and saturable transportation. The kinetics of dissolution of efavirenz in the solution space is postulated. Relatively, a good level of kinetics of dissolution is projected in the concentration region 0 − 32.82 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tafireyi Nemaura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of ZimbabweHarare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Applied Mathematics, National University of Science and TechnologyBulawayo, Zimbabwe
- *Correspondence: Tafireyi Nemaura, Department of Applied Mathematics, National University of Science and Technology, PO Box AC939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe ;
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