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Barnes RP, de Rosa M, Thosar SA, Detwiler AC, Roginskaya V, Van Houten B, Bruchez MP, Stewart-Ornstein J, Opresko PL. Telomeric 8-oxo-guanine drives rapid premature senescence in the absence of telomere shortening. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:639-652. [PMID: 35773409 PMCID: PMC9287163 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a primary cause of cellular senescence and contributes to the etiology of numerous human diseases. Oxidative damage to telomeric DNA has been proposed to cause premature senescence by accelerating telomere shortening. Here, we tested this model directly using a precision chemoptogenetic tool to produce the common lesion 8-oxo-guanine (8oxoG) exclusively at telomeres in human fibroblasts and epithelial cells. A single induction of telomeric 8oxoG is sufficient to trigger multiple hallmarks of p53-dependent senescence. Telomeric 8oxoG activates ATM and ATR signaling, and enriches for markers of telomere dysfunction in replicating, but not quiescent cells. Acute 8oxoG production fails to shorten telomeres, but rather generates fragile sites and mitotic DNA synthesis at telomeres, indicative of impaired replication. Based on our results, we propose that oxidative stress promotes rapid senescence by producing oxidative base lesions that drive replication-dependent telomere fragility and dysfunction in the absence of shortening and shelterin loss. This study uncovers a new mechanism linking oxidative stress to telomere-driven senescence. A common oxidative lesion at telomeres causes rapid premature cellular aging by inducing telomere fragility, rather than telomere shortening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Barnes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mariarosaria de Rosa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sanjana A Thosar
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ariana C Detwiler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vera Roginskaya
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marcel P Bruchez
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry and the Molecular Biosensors and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob Stewart-Ornstein
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Shah P, McGuigan CW, Cheng S, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Weiss RS, Lammerding J. ATM Modulates Nuclear Mechanics by Regulating Lamin A Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875132. [PMID: 35721517 PMCID: PMC9198445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is one of the three main apical kinases at the crux of DNA damage response and repair in mammalian cells. ATM activates a cascade of downstream effector proteins to regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. While ATM is predominantly known for its role in DNA damage response and repair, new roles of ATM have recently begun to emerge, such as in regulating oxidative stress or metabolic pathways. Here, we report the surprising discovery that ATM inhibition and deletion lead to reduced expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments that modulate nuclear shape, structure, and stiffness. Accordingly, inhibition or deletion of ATM resulted in increased nuclear deformability and enhanced cell migration through confined spaces, which requires substantial nuclear deformation. These findings point to a novel connection between ATM and lamin A and may have broad implications for cells with ATM mutations—as found in patients suffering from Ataxia Telangiectasia and many human cancers—which could lead to enhanced cell migration and increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Connor W. McGuigan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Svea Cheng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jan Lammerding,
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3
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Lee YH, Park JY, Lee H, Song ES, Kuk MU, Joo J, Oh S, Kwon HW, Park JT, Park SC. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism as a Strategy to Treat Senescence. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113003. [PMID: 34831224 PMCID: PMC8616445 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of organelles that undergo significant changes associated with senescence. An increase in mitochondrial size is observed in senescent cells, and this increase is ascribed to the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria that generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Such dysfunctional mitochondria are prime targets for ROS-induced damage, which leads to the deterioration of oxidative phosphorylation and increased dependence on glycolysis as an energy source. Based on findings indicating that senescent cells exhibit mitochondrial metabolic alterations, a strategy to induce mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has been proposed to treat aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we discuss senescence-related mitochondrial changes and consequent mitochondrial metabolic alterations. We assess the significance of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming for senescence regulation and propose the appropriate control of mitochondrial metabolism to ameliorate senescence. Learning how to regulate mitochondrial metabolism will provide knowledge for the control of aging and age-related pathologies. Further research focusing on mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming will be an important guide for the development of anti-aging therapies, and will provide novel strategies for anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Ji Yun Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Haneur Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Eun Seon Song
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Junghyun Joo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea;
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.Y.P.); (H.L.); (E.S.S.); (M.U.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.W.K.); (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8090 (H.W.K.); +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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4
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Preclinical Advances of Therapies for Laminopathies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214834. [PMID: 34768351 PMCID: PMC8584472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare disorders due to mutation in LMNA gene. Depending on the mutation, they may affect striated muscles, adipose tissues, nerves or are multisystemic with various accelerated ageing syndromes. Although the diverse pathomechanisms responsible for laminopathies are not fully understood, several therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in patient cells or animal models, ranging from gene therapies to cell and drug therapies. This review is focused on these therapies with a strong focus on striated muscle laminopathies and premature ageing syndromes.
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5
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Stagni V, Ferri A, Cirotti C, Barilà D. ATM Kinase-Dependent Regulation of Autophagy: A Key Player in Senescence? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:599048. [PMID: 33490066 PMCID: PMC7817534 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.599048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a strong interplay between autophagy and genomic stability. Recently, several papers have demonstrated a molecular connection between the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and autophagy and have explored how this link influences cell fate and the choice between apoptosis and senescence in response to different stimuli. The aberrant deregulation of this interplay is linked to the development of pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is the product of a gene that is lost in Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T), a rare genetic disorder characterized by ataxia and cerebellar neurodegeneration, defects in the immune response, higher incidence of lymphoma development, and premature aging. Importantly, ATM kinase plays a central role in the DDR, and it can finely tune the balance between senescence and apoptosis: activated ATM promotes autophagy and in particular sustains the lysosomal-mitochondrial axis, which in turn promotes senescence and inhibits apoptosis. Therefore, ATM is the key factor that enables cells to escape apoptosis by entering senescence through modulation of autophagy. Importantly, unlike apoptotic cells, senescent cells are viable and have the ability to secrete proinflammatory and mitogenic factors, thus influencing the cellular environment. In this review we aim to summarize recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms linking DDR and autophagy to senescence, pointing out the role of ATM kinase in these cellular responses. The significance of this regulation in the pathogenesis of Ataxia-Telangiectasia will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venturina Stagni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferri
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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6
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Mongelli A, Atlante S, Barbi V, Bachetti T, Martelli F, Farsetti A, Gaetano C. Treating Senescence like Cancer: Novel Perspectives in Senotherapy of Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217984. [PMID: 33121118 PMCID: PMC7663758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The WHO estimated around 41 million deaths worldwide each year for age-related non-communicable chronic diseases. Hence, developing strategies to control the accumulation of cell senescence in living organisms and the overall aging process is an urgently needed problem of social relevance. During aging, many biological processes are altered, which globally induce the dysfunction of the whole organism. Cell senescence is one of the causes of this modification. Nowadays, several drugs approved for anticancer therapy have been repurposed to treat senescence, and others are under scrutiny in vitro and in vivo to establish their senomorphic or senolytic properties. In some cases, this research led to a significant increase in cell survival or to a prolonged lifespan in animal models, at least. Senomorphics can act to interfere with a specific pathway in order to restore the appropriate cellular function, preserve viability, and to prolong the lifespan. On the other hand, senolytics induce apoptosis in senescent cells allowing the remaining non–senescent population to preserve or restore tissue function. A large number of research articles and reviews recently addressed this topic. Herein, we would like to focus attention on those chemical agents with senomorphic or senolytic properties that perspectively, according to literature, suggest a potential application as senotherapeutics for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Mongelli
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Sandra Atlante
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Veronica Barbi
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Laboratorio di Cardiologia Molecolare, Policlinico San Donato IRCCS, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milano; Italy,
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti” (IASI), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (C.G.)
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Via Maugeri 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (S.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (C.G.)
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7
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Sarkar A, Gandhi V. Activation of ATM kinase by ROS generated during ionophore-induced mitophagy in human T and B cell malignancies. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:417-423. [PMID: 32996079 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a critical DNA damage sensor, also possesses non-nuclear functions owing to its presence in extra-nuclear compartments, including peroxisomes, lysosomes, and mitochondria. ATM is frequently altered in several human cancers. Recently, we and others have shown that loss of ATM is associated with defective mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) fibroblasts and B-cell lymphomas. Further, we reported that ATM protein but not ATM kinase activity is required for mitophagy. However, the mechanism of ATM kinase activation during ionophore-induced mitophagy is unknown. In the work reported here, using several ionophores in A-T and multiple T-cell and B-cell lymphoma cell lines, we show that ionophore-induced mitophagy triggers oxidative stress-induced ATMSer1981 phosphorylation through ROS activation, which is different from neocarzinostatin-induced activation of ATMSer1981, Smc1Ser966, and Kap1Ser824. We used A-T cells overexpressed with WT or S1981A (auto-phosphorylation dead) ATM plasmids and show that ATM is activated by ROS-induced oxidative stress emanating from ionophore-induced mitochondrial damage and mitophagy. The antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and glutathione significantly inhibited ROS production and ATMSer1981 phosphorylation but failed to inhibit mitophagy as determined by retroviral infection with mt-mKeima construct followed by lysosomal dual-excitation ratiometric pH measurements. Our data suggest that while ATM kinase does not participate in mitophagy, it is activated via elevated ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1950, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1950, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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8
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Lai W, Wong W. Progress and trends in the development of therapies for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13175. [PMID: 32596971 PMCID: PMC7370734 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disease that leads to accelerated aging and often premature death caused by cardiovascular complications. Till now clinical management of HGPS has largely relied on the treatment of manifestations and on the prevention of secondary complications, cure for the disease has not yet been established. Addressing this need cannot only benefit progeria patients but may also provide insights into intervention design for combating physiological aging. By using the systematic review approach, this article revisits the overall progress in the development of strategies for HGPS treatment over the last ten years, from 2010 to 2019. In total, 1,906 articles have been retrieved, of which 56 studies have been included for further analysis. Based on the articles analyzed, the trends in the use of different HGPS models, along with the prevalence, efficiency, and limitations of different reported treatment strategies, have been examined. Emerging strategies for preclinical studies, and possible targets for intervention development, have also been presented as avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing‐Fu Lai
- School of Life and Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Wing‐Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
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9
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Lee HJ, Jung YJ, Lee S, Kim JI, Han JA. DNAJB9 Inhibits p53-Dependent Oncogene-Induced Senescence and Induces Cell Transformation. Mol Cells 2020; 43:397-407. [PMID: 32264658 PMCID: PMC7191047 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNAJB9 is known to be a member of the molecular chaperone gene family, whose cellular function has not yet been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the cellular function of DNAJB9 under strong mitogenic signals. We found that DNAJB9 inhibits p53-dependent oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and induces neoplastic transformation under oncogenic RAS activation in mouse primary fibroblasts. In addition, we observed that DNAJB9 interacts physically with p53 under oncogenic RAS activation and that the p53-interacting region of DNAJB9 is critical for the inhibition of p53-dependent OIS and induction of neoplastic transformation by DNAJB9. These results suggest that DNAJB9 induces cell transformation under strong mitogenic signals, which is attributable to the inhibition of p53-dependent OIS by physical interactions with p53. This study might contribute to our understanding of the cellular function of DNAJB9 and the molecular basis of cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ju Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 2434, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 4341, Korea
| | - Seungkoo Lee
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 2434, Korea
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10
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Anti-Aging Effects of GDF11 on Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072598. [PMID: 32283613 PMCID: PMC7177281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis has four major cell layers made up of keratinocytes in varying stages of progressive differentiation. Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects every phase of its biology and function. The expression profiles of inflammation-related genes analyzed in resident immune cells demonstrated that these cells have a strong ability to regenerate adult skin stem cells and to produce endogenous substances such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). GDF11 appears to be the key to progenitor proliferation and/or differentiation. The preservation of youthful phenotypes has been tied to the presence of GDF11 in different human tissues, and, in the skin, this factor inhibits inflammatory responses. The protective role of GDF11 depends on a multi-factorial process implicating various types of skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. GDF11 should be further studied for the purpose of developing novel therapies for the treatment of skin diseases.
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11
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Suh YS, Yeom E, Nam JW, Min KJ, Lee J, Yu K. Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase Regulates Lifespan in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2020; 43:304-311. [PMID: 31940717 PMCID: PMC7103878 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MRS) is essential for translation. MRS mutants reduce global translation, which usually increases lifespan in various genetic models. However, we found that MRS inhibited Drosophila reduced lifespan despite of the reduced protein synthesis. Microarray analysis with MRS inhibited Drosophila revealed significant changes in inflammatory and immune response genes. Especially, the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) genes was reduced. When we measured the expression levels of AMP genes during aging, those were getting increased in the control flies but reduced in MRS inhibition flies agedependently. Interestingly, in the germ-free condition, the maximum lifespan was increased in MRS inhibition flies compared with that of the conventional condition. These findings suggest that the lifespan of MRS inhibition flies is reduced due to the down-regulated AMPs expression in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seok Suh
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jeongsoo Lee
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Korea
- Convergence Research Center of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 3113, Korea
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12
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Saxena S, Kumar S. Pharmacotherapy to gene editing: potential therapeutic approaches for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2020; 42:467-494. [PMID: 32048129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), commonly called progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that affects only one child per four million births. It is characterized by accelerated aging in affected individuals leading to premature death at an average age of 14.5 years due to cardiovascular complications. The main cause of HGPS is a sporadic autosomal dominant point mutation in LMNA gene resulting in differently spliced lamin A protein known as progerin. Accumulation of progerin under nuclear lamina and activation of its downstream effectors cause perturbation in cellular morphology and physiology which leads to a systemic disorder that mainly impairs the cardiovascular system, bones, skin, and overall growth. Till now, no cure has been found for this catastrophic disorder; however, several therapeutic strategies are under development. The current review focuses on the overall progress in the field of therapeutic approaches for the management/cure of HGPS. We have also discussed the new disease models that have been developed for the study of this rare disorder. Moreover, we have highlighted the therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells against aging and aging-related disorders and, therefore, suggest the same for the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Saxena
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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