1
|
Gao Y, Tian X, Zhang X, Milebe Nkoua GD, Chen F, Liu Y, Chai Y. The roles of tissue-resident macrophages in sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21391. [PMID: 38027963 PMCID: PMC10643296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a syndrome caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction, particularly septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction (SAOD), is a medical emergency associated with high morbidity, high mortality, and long-term sequelae. Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) are a subpopulation of macrophages derived primarily from yolk sac progenitors and fetal liver during embryogenesis, located primarily in non-lymphoid tissues in adulthood, capable of local self-renewal independent of hematopoiesis, and developmentally and functionally restricted to the non-lymphoid organs in which they reside. TRMs are the first line of defense against life-threatening conditions such as sepsis, tumor growth, traumatic-associated organ injury, and surgical-associated injury. In the context of sepsis, TRMs can be considered as angels or demons involved in organ injury. Our proposal is that sepsis, septic shock, and SAOD can be attenuated by modulating TRMs in different organs. This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms of TRMs in different organs or tissues involved in the development and progression of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Congo Friendship Hospital, Brazzaville, 999059, P. R. Congo
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Medical Research, Beijing Qiansong Technology Development Company, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Research, Sen Sho Ka Gi Company, Inba-gun, Chiba, 285-0905, Japan
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rizhao People's Hospital of Shandong Province, Rizhao, 276825, P. R. China
| | | | - Fang Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Yancun Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| | - Yanfen Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hames RG, Jasiunaite Z, Ercoli G, Wanford JJ, Carreno D, Straatman K, Martinez-Pomares L, Yesilkaya H, Glenn S, Moxon ER, Andrew PW, Kyriacou CP, Oggioni MR. Diurnal Differences in Intracellular Replication Within Splenic Macrophages Correlates With the Outcome of Pneumococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907461. [PMID: 35720383 PMCID: PMC9201068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms affect the progression and severity of bacterial infections including those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain largely elusive. Following advances in our understanding of the role of replication of S. pneumoniae within splenic macrophages, we sought to investigate whether events within the spleen correlate with differential outcomes of invasive pneumococcal infection. Utilising murine invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) models, here we report that infection during the murine active phase (zeitgeber time 15; 15h after start of light cycle, 3h after start of dark cycle) resulted in significantly faster onset of septicaemia compared to rest phase (zeitgeber time 3; 3h after start of light cycle) infection. This correlated with significantly higher pneumococcal burden within the spleen of active phase-infected mice at early time points compared to rest phase-infected mice. Whole-section confocal microscopy analysis of these spleens revealed that the number of pneumococci is significantly higher exclusively within marginal zone metallophilic macrophages (MMMs) known to allow intracellular pneumococcal replication as a prerequisite step to the onset of septicaemia. Pneumococcal clusters within MMMs were more abundant and increased in size over time in active phase-infected mice compared to those in rest phase-infected mice which decreased in size and were present in a lower percentage of MMMs. This phenomenon preceded significantly higher levels of bacteraemia alongside serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in active phase-infected mice following re-seeding of pneumococci into the blood. These data greatly advance our fundamental knowledge of pneumococcal infection by linking susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal infection to variation in the propensity of MMMs to allow persistence and replication of phagocytosed bacteria. These findings also outline a somewhat rare scenario whereby the active phase of an organism’s circadian cycle plays a seemingly counterproductive role in the control of invasive infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Hames
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Zydrune Jasiunaite
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph J Wanford
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David Carreno
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Kornelis Straatman
- Advanced Imaging Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hasan Yesilkaya
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Glenn
- Preclinical Research Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - E Richard Moxon
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Andrew
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos P Kyriacou
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hames RG, Jasiunaite Z, Wanford JJ, Carreno D, Chung WY, Dennison AR, Oggioni MR. Analyzing Macrophage Infection at the Organ Level. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2414:405-431. [PMID: 34784049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1900-1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Classical in vivo infection models are oftentimes associated with speculation due to the many physiological factors that are unseen or not accounted for when analyzing experimental outputs, especially when solely utilizing the classic approach of tissue-derived colony-forming unit (CFU) enumeration. To better understand the steps and natural progression of bacterial infection, the pathophysiology of individual organs with which the bacteria interact in their natural course of infection must be considered. In this case, it is not only important to isolate organs as much as possible from additional physiological processes, but to also consider the dynamics of the bacteria at the cellular level within these organs of interest. Here, we describe in detail two models, ex vivo porcine liver and spleen coperfusion and a murine infection model, and the numerous associated experimental outputs produced by these models that can be taken and used together to investigate the pathogen-host interactions within tissues in depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Hames
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Zydrune Jasiunaite
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Joseph J Wanford
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David Carreno
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Wen Y Chung
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marco R Oggioni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Splenic macrophages as the source of bacteraemia during pneumococcal pneumonia. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103601. [PMID: 34619637 PMCID: PMC8498229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia is commonly associated with bacteraemia. Although it is assumed that the bacteraemia solely derives from pneumococci entering the blood from the lungs it is unknown if other organs are important in the pathogenesis of bacteraemia. Using three models, we tested the relevance of the spleen in pneumonia-associated bacteraemia. Methods We used human spleens perfused ex vivo to explore permissiveness to bacterial replication, a non-human primate model to check for splenic involvement during pneumonia and a mouse pneumonia-bacteraemia model to demonstrate that splenic involvement correlates with invasive disease. Findings Here we present evidence that the spleen is the reservoir of bacteraemia during pneumonia. We found that in the human spleen infected with pneumococci, clusters with increasing number of bacteria were detectable within macrophages. These clusters also were detected in non-human primates. When intranasally infected mice were treated with a non-therapeutic dose of azithromycin, which had no effect on pneumonia but concentrated inside splenic macrophages, bacteria were absent from the spleen and blood and importantly mice had no signs of disease. Interpretation We conclude that the bacterial load in the spleen, and not lung, correlates with the occurrence of bacteraemia. This supports the hypothesis that the spleen, and not the lungs, is the major source of bacteria during systemic infection associated with pneumococcal pneumonia; a finding that provides a mechanistic basis for using combination therapies including macrolides in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia. Funding Oxford University, Wolfson Foundation, MRC, NIH, NIHR, and MRC and BBSRC studentships supported the work.
Collapse
|
5
|
Käser T. Swine as biomedical animal model for T-cell research-Success and potential for transmittable and non-transmittable human diseases. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:95-115. [PMID: 33873098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Swine is biologically one of the most relevant large animal models for biomedical research. With its use as food animal that can be exploited as a free cell and tissue source for research and its high susceptibility to human diseases, swine additionally represent an excellent option for both the 3R principle and One Health research. One of the previously most limiting factors of the pig model was its arguably limited immunological toolbox. Yet, in the last decade, this toolbox has vastly improved including the ability to study porcine T-cells. This review summarizes the swine model for biomedical research with focus on T cells. It first contrasts the swine model to the more commonly used mouse and non-human primate model before describing the current capabilities to characterize and extend our knowledge on porcine T cells. Thereafter, it not only reflects on previous biomedical T-cell research but also extends into areas in which more in-depth T-cell analyses could strongly benefit biomedical research. While the former should inform on the successes of biomedical T-cell research in swine, the latter shall inspire swine T-cell researchers to find collaborations with researchers working in other areas - such as nutrition, allergy, cancer, transplantation, infectious diseases, or vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, 27607 Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brockhurst MA, Harrison F, Veening JW, Harrison E, Blackwell G, Iqbal Z, Maclean C. Assessing evolutionary risks of resistance for new antimicrobial therapies. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:515-517. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0854-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|