1
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. Editorial: Immunology of cachexia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1339263. [PMID: 38116001 PMCID: PMC10728869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1339263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- *Correspondence: John H. Stewart IV, ; Vijay Kumar, ;
| | - John H. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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2
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Zhang W, Jiang H, Wu G, Huang P, Wang H, An H, Liu S, Zhang W. The pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets in sepsis. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e418. [PMID: 38020710 PMCID: PMC10661353 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as "a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host systemic inflammatory and immune response to infection." At present, sepsis continues to pose a grave healthcare concern worldwide. Despite the use of supportive measures in treating traditional sepsis, such as intravenous fluids, vasoactive substances, and oxygen plus antibiotics to eradicate harmful pathogens, there is an ongoing increase in both the morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis during clinical interventions. Therefore, it is urgent to design specific pharmacologic agents for the treatment of sepsis and convert them into a novel targeted treatment strategy. Herein, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that may be involved in sepsis, such as the inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, complement deactivation, mitochondrial damage, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, we highlight important targets involved in sepsis-related regulatory mechanisms, including GSDMD, HMGB1, STING, and SQSTM1, among others. We summarize the latest advancements in potential therapeutic drugs that specifically target these signaling pathways and paramount targets, covering both preclinical studies and clinical trials. In addition, this review provides a detailed description of the crosstalk and function between signaling pathways and vital targets, which provides more opportunities for the clinical development of new treatments for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendan Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Honghong Jiang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Faculty of PediatricsNational Engineering Laboratory for Birth defects prevention and control of key technologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Organ Failurethe Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Pengli Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Haonan Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huazhasng An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinanShandongChina
| | - Sanhong Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical BiologyInstitute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine ResearchShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of PhytochemistrySchool of PharmacySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and BiosecurityShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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3
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Wen Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Liu W, Dong J, Liu Q, Hao H, Ren H. Research progress on the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in septic cardiomyopathy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1039. [PMID: 37904696 PMCID: PMC10549821 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an uncontrolled host response to infection, resulting in a clinical syndrome involving multiple organ dysfunctions. Cardiac damage is the most common organ damage in sepsis. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory response by controlling the activation of caspase-1 and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-1β and IL-18. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome has received increasing attention, but its activation mechanism and regulation of inflammation in SCM remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Weihong Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Wenli Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Jinyan Dong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Qingkuo Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Hao Hao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Hongsheng Ren
- Department of Intensive Care UnitShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
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Yarovinsky TO, Su M, Chen C, Xiang Y, Tang WH, Hwa J. Pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Pumping gasdermin on the fire. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101809. [PMID: 37478801 PMCID: PMC10528349 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death associated with activation of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases, proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin proteins (forming pores in the plasma membrane), and selective release of proinflammatory mediators. Induction of pyroptosis results in amplification of inflammation, contributing to the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and acute cardiovascular events, such as thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While engagement of pyroptosis during sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and septic shock is expected and well documented, we are just beginning to understand pyroptosis involvement in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases with less defined inflammatory components, such as atrial fibrillation. Due to the danger that pyroptosis represents to cells within the cardiovascular system and the whole organism, multiple levels of pyroptosis regulation have evolved. Those include regulation of inflammasome priming, post-translational modifications of gasdermins, and cellular mechanisms for pore removal. While pyroptosis in macrophages is well characterized as a dramatic pro-inflammatory process, pyroptosis in other cell types within the cardiovascular system displays variable pathways and consequences. Furthermore, different cells and organs engage in local and distant crosstalk and exchange of pyroptosis triggers (oxidized mitochondrial DNA), mediators (IL-1β, S100A8/A9) and antagonists (IL-9). Development of genetic tools, such as Gasdermin D knockout animals, and small molecule inhibitors of pyroptosis will not only help us fully understand the role of pyroptosis in cardiovascular diseases but may result in novel therapeutic approaches inhibiting inflammation and progression of chronic cardiovascular diseases to reduce morbidity and mortality from acute cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Yarovinsky
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meiling Su
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaofei Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- Shanghai East Hospital, Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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5
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Bourne JH, Campos J, Hopkin SJ, Whitworth K, Palis J, Senis YA, Rayes J, Iqbal AJ, Brill A. Megakaryocyte NLRP3 hyperactivation induces mild anemia and potentiates inflammatory response in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226196. [PMID: 37622117 PMCID: PMC10445124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been described in both immune cells and platelets, but its role in the megakaryocyte (MK) lineage remains elusive. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in megakaryocytes and platelets. Methods We generated Nlrp3 A350V/+/Gp1ba-CreKI/+ mice carrying a mutation genetically similar to the one observed in human Muckle-Wells syndrome, which leads to hyperactivity of NLRP3 specifically in MK and platelets. Results Platelets from the mutant mice expressed elevated levels of both precursor and active form of caspase-1, suggesting hyperactivity of NLRP3 inflammasome. Nlrp3 A350V/+/Gp1ba-CreKI/+ mice developed normally and had normal platelet counts. Expression of major platelet receptors, platelet aggregation, platelet deposition on collagen under shear, and deep vein thrombosis were unchanged. Nlrp3 A350V/+/Gp1ba-CreKI/+ mice had mild anemia, reduced Ter119+ cells in the bone marrow, and splenomegaly. A mild increase in MK TGF-β1 might be involved in the anemic phenotype. Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in Nlrp3 A350V/+/Gp1ba-CreKI/+ mice induced increased neutrophil egression and elevated levels of a set of proinflammatory cytokines, alongside IL-10 and G-CSF, in the peritoneal fluid as compared with control animals. Conclusion MK/platelet NLRP3 inflammasome promotes the acute inflammatory response and its hyperactivation in mice leads to mild anemia and increased extramedullary erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Bourne
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine at Monash Health, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Joana Campos
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J. Hopkin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Whitworth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yotis A. Senis
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Inserm Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)-S1255 Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asif J. Iqbal
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Brill
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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6
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Jiang ZH, Zhang GH, Xia JM, Lv SJ. Development and Validation Nomogram for Predicting the Survival of Patients with Thrombocytopenia in Intensive Care Units. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1287-1295. [PMID: 37484703 PMCID: PMC10361286 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s417553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The number of patients with thrombocytopenia (TCP) is relatively high in intensive care units (ICUs). It is therefore necessary to evaluate the prognostic risk of such patients. Aim This study investigated the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with TCP in the ICU. Using the findings of this investigation, we developed and validated a risk prediction model. Methods We evaluated patients admitted to the ICU who presented with TCP. We used LASSO regression to identify important clinical indicators. Based on these indicators, we developed a prediction model complete with a nomogram for the development cohort set. We then evaluated the mode's accuracy using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in a validation cohort. Results A total of 141 cases of ICU TCP were included in the sample, of which 47 involved death of the patient. Clinical results were as follows: N (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.97, P=0.003); TBIL (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02-1.99, P=0.048); APACHE II (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.39, 2.48, P=0.045); WPRN (HR 6.22, 95% CI 2.86-13.53, P<0.001); WTOST (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.21-1.46, P<0.001); and DMV [HR1.87, 95% CI 1.12-2.33]. The prediction model yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.918 (95% CI 0.863-0.974) in the development cohort and 0.926 (95% CI 0.849-0.994) in the validation cohort. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort gave good discrimination (C-index 0.853, 95% CI 0.810-0.922) and good calibration. DCA indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful. Conclusion The individualized nomogram developed through our analysis demonstrated effective prognostic prediction for patients with TCP in ICUs. Use of this prediction metric may reduce TCP-related morbidity and mortality in ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Jiang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hu Zhang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ming Xia
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jin Lv
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Rolling CC, Barrett TJ, Berger JS. Platelet-monocyte aggregates: molecular mediators of thromboinflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:960398. [PMID: 37255704 PMCID: PMC10225702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.960398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, key facilitators of primary hemostasis and thrombosis, have emerged as crucial cellular mediators of innate immunity and inflammation. Exemplified by their ability to alter the phenotype and function of monocytes, activated platelets bind to circulating monocytes to form monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA). The platelet-monocyte axis has emerged as a key mechanism connecting thrombosis and inflammation. MPA are elevated across the spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including cardiovascular disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and COVID-19, and are positively associated with disease severity. These clinical disorders are all characterized by an increased risk of thromboembolic complications. Intriguingly, monocytes in contact with platelets become proinflammatory and procoagulant, highlighting that this interaction is a central element of thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C. Rolling
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tessa J. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Berger
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Trivigno SMG, Guidetti GF, Barbieri SS, Zarà M. Blood Platelets in Infection: The Multiple Roles of the Platelet Signalling Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087462. [PMID: 37108623 PMCID: PMC10138547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are classically recognized for their important role in hemostasis and thrombosis but they are also involved in many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including infection. Platelets are among the first cells recruited to sites of inflammation and infection and they exert their antimicrobial response actively cooperating with the immune system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on platelet receptor interaction with different types of pathogens and the consequent modulations of innate and adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M G Trivigno
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- University School for Advanced Studies, IUSS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Heart-Brain Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milano, Italy
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Maneta E, Aivalioti E, Tual-Chalot S, Emini Veseli B, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Stellos K. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1144229. [PMID: 37081895 PMCID: PMC10110956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1144229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by multiorgan dysfunction caused by a dysregulated or over-reactive host response to infection. During sepsis, the coagulation cascade is triggered by activated cells of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils and monocytes, resulting in clot formation mainly in the microcirculation, a process known as immunothrombosis. Although this process aims to protect the host through inhibition of the pathogen’s dissemination and survival, endothelial dysfunction and microthrombotic complications can rapidly lead to multiple organ dysfunction. The development of treatments targeting endothelial innate immune responses and immunothrombosis could be of great significance for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Medications modifying cell-specific immune responses or inhibiting platelet–endothelial interaction or platelet activation have been proposed. Herein, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of organ-specific endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis and its complications, while highlighting the recent advances in the development of new therapeutic approaches aiming at improving the short- or long-term prognosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Maneta
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
| | - Evmorfia Aivalioti
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Besa Emini Veseli
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Gatsiou
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kimon Stamatelopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Biosciences Institute, Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eleni Maneta, ; Konstantinos Stellos, ;
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10
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Su Y, Zhang T, Qiao R. Pyroptosis in platelets: Thrombocytopenia and inflammation. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24852. [PMID: 36852778 PMCID: PMC10020847 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this manuscript was to conclude the role of platelets in immune inflammation and discuss the complex mechanisms of pyroptosis in platelets as well as their related diseases. METHODS This article reviewed the existing literature to see the development of pyroptosis in platelets. RESULTS Platelets have been shown to be capable of activating inflammasomes assembled from NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1. Recently, they were also implicated in pyroptosis. Cleaved by caspase-1, N-terminal gasdermin D (N-GSDMD) could form pores in the cell membrane, inducing nonselective intracellular substance release. This programmed cell death induced thrombocytopenia and inflammatory cytokine release such as IL-1β and IL-18, promoting platelet aggregation, vaso-occlusion, endothelial permeability and cascaded inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis in platelets contributes to thrombocytopenia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tiannan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Laboratory MedicinePeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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11
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He W, Dong H, Wu C, Zhong Y, Li J. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in sepsis: A potential therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109697. [PMID: 37724951 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the host immune imbalance following infection and leads to organ dysfunction, with highly complicated pathophysiology. To date, sepsis still lacks effective therapies with high mortality rates. Recently, numerous studies have highlighted the potential of NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target during sepsis. NLRP3 inflammasome is a protein complex that could induce the activation of caspase-1 and the following release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. It was demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in the development and progression of sepsis. In contrast, inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation could mitigate the inflammatory response, protect organ function, and improve outcomes and mortality. This paper illustrated the activation pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its possible molecular mechanisms in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of inhibiting NLRP3 activation in sepsis-related organ damage were also presented. In addition, the diverse role of NLRP3 inflammasome in bacterial clearance was addressed. Of note, several herbal extracts targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in the treatment of sepsis were emphasized. We hope that this paper could provide a basis for further drug research targeting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenfang Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjun Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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12
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Hong P, Wang Q, Chen G. Cholesterol induces inflammation and reduces glucose utilization. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230701. [PMID: 37197354 PMCID: PMC10183724 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol stimulates inflammation and affects the normal function of islet tissues. However, the precise mechanism underlying the effects of cholesterol on islet cells requires clarification. In this study, we explored the role of cholesterol in glucose utilization in pancreatic cells. Beta-TC-6 cells and mice were treated with cholesterol. We used glucose detection kits to identify the glucose content in the cell culture supernatant and mouse serum and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect insulin levels in the serum. Glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 (G6PC2), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), 94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1 (casp1), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression levels were detected using immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the histological alterations in pancreatic tissues. Cholesterol decreased beta-TC-6 cell glucose utilization; enhanced pancreatic tissue pathological alterations; increased glucose and insulin levels in mouse serum; increased G6PC2, GRP78, GRP94, and NLRP3 expression levels; and elevated casp1 and pro-IL-1β cleavage. Cholesterol can attenuate glucose utilization efficiency in beta-TC-6 cells and mice, which may be related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Hong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Centre, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing312000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Deqing People’s Hospital, No. 120 Yingxi South Road, Wukang Town, Deqing County, Huzhou City313200, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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13
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Claude L, Martino F, Hermand P, Chahim B, Roger P, de Bourayne M, Garnier Y, Tressieres B, Colin Y, Le Van Kim C, Romana M, Baccini V. Platelet caspase-1 and Bruton tyrosine kinase activation in patients with COVID-19 is associated with disease severity and reversed in vitro by ibrutinib. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2022; 6:e12811. [PMID: 36514346 PMCID: PMC9732813 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often associated with thrombotic complications and cytokine storm leading to intensive are unit (ICU) admission. Platelets are known to be responsible for abnormal hemostasis parameters (thrombocytopenia, raised D-dimers, and prolonged prothrombin time) in other viral infections through the activation of the nucleotide-binding domain leucine repeat rich containing protein 3 inflammasome induced by signaling pathways driven by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and leading to caspase-1 activation. Objectives We hypothesized that caspase-1 activation and the phosphorylation of BTK could be associated with the severity of the disease and that ibrutinib, a BTK inhibitor, could inhibit platelet activation. Methods and Results We studied caspase-1 activation by flow cytometry and the phosphorylation of BTK by Western blot in a cohort of 51 Afro-Carribean patients with COVID-19 disease (19 not treated in ICU and 32 treated in ICU). Patients with a platelet count of 286.7 × 109/L (69-642 × 109/L) were treated by steroids and heparin preventive anticoagulation. Caspase-1 and BTK activation were associated with the severity of the disease and with the procoagulant state of the patients. Furthermore, we showed in vitro that the plasma of ICU patients with COVID-19 was able to increase CD62P expression and caspase-1 activity of healthy platelets and that ibrutinib could prevent it. Conclusions Our results show that caspase-1 and BTK activation are related to disease severity and suggest the therapeutic hope raised by ibrutinib in the treatment of COVID-19 by reducing the procoagulant state of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Claude
- Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGRPointe‐à‐PitreFrance,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Martino
- Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGRPointe‐à‐PitreFrance,Service de Réanimation, CHU de la GuadeloupePointe à PitreGuadeloupe
| | - Patricia Hermand
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Bassel Chahim
- Service Post‐Urgences, CHU de la GuadeloupePointe à PitreGuadeloupe
| | | | | | - Yohann Garnier
- Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGRPointe‐à‐PitreFrance,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Benoit Tressieres
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, Inserm CIC 1424, CHU de la GuadeloupePointe‐à‐PitreGuadeloupe
| | - Yves Colin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Marc Romana
- Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGRPointe‐à‐PitreFrance,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance
| | - Véronique Baccini
- Université des Antilles, UMR_S1134, BIGRPointe‐à‐PitreFrance,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR‐ExParisFrance,Université Paris Cité, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERMParisFrance,Institut National de la Transfusion SanguineParisFrance,Laboratoire d'HématologieCHU de la GuadeloupePointe à PitreGuadeloupe
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14
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Gasdermin D-dependent platelet pyroptosis exacerbates NET formation and inflammation in severe sepsis. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:732-747. [PMID: 35967457 PMCID: PMC9362711 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Shi J, Tang Y, Liang F, Liu L, Liang N, Yang X, Zhang N, Yi Z, Zhong Y, Wang W, Zhao K. NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to endotoxin-induced coagulation. Thromb Res 2022; 214:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Challagundla N, Saha B, Agrawal-Rajput R. Insights into inflammasome regulation: cellular, molecular, and pathogenic control of inflammasome activation. Immunol Res 2022; 70:578-606. [PMID: 35610534 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immune homeostasis is an intricate process wherein inflammasomes play a pivotal role by contributing to innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are ensembles of adaptor proteins that can trigger a signal following innate sensing of pathogens or non-pathogens eventuating in the inductions of IL-1β and IL-18. These inflammatory cytokines substantially influence the antigen-presenting cell's costimulatory functions and T helper cell differentiation, contributing to adaptive immunity. As acute and chronic disease conditions may accompany parallel tissue damage, we analyze the critical role of extracellular factors such as cytokines, amyloids, cholesterol crystals, etc., intracellular metabolites, and signaling molecules regulating inflammasome activation/inhibition. We develop an operative framework for inflammasome function and regulation by host cell factors and pathogens. While inflammasomes influence the innate and adaptive immune components' interplay modulating the anti-pathogen adaptive immune response, pathogens may target inflammasome inhibition as a survival strategy. As trapped between health and diseases, inflammasomes serve as promising therapeutic targets and their modus operandi serves as a scientific rationale for devising better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Challagundla
- Immunology lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Lab-5, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Reena Agrawal-Rajput
- Immunology lab, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India.
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17
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Garcia C, Compagnon B, Poëtte M, Gratacap MP, Lapébie FX, Voisin S, Minville V, Payrastre B, Vardon-Bounes F, Ribes A. Platelet Versus Megakaryocyte: Who Is the Real Bandleader of Thromboinflammation in Sepsis? Cells 2022; 11:1507. [PMID: 35563812 PMCID: PMC9104300 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are mainly known for their key role in hemostasis and thrombosis. However, studies over the last two decades have shown their strong implication in mechanisms associated with inflammation, thrombosis, and the immune system in various neoplastic, inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases. During sepsis, platelets amplify the recruitment and activation of innate immune cells at the site of infection and contribute to the elimination of pathogens. In certain conditions, these mechanisms can lead to thromboinflammation resulting in severe organ dysfunction. Here, we discuss the interactions of platelets with leukocytes, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and endothelial cells during sepsis. The intrinsic properties of platelets that generate an inflammatory signal through the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome are discussed. As an example of immunothrombosis, the implication of platelets in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is documented. Finally, we discuss the role of megakaryocytes (MKs) in thromboinflammation and their adaptive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Garcia
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.G.); (S.V.); (B.P.)
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
| | - Baptiste Compagnon
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Michaël Poëtte
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Marie-Pierre Gratacap
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
| | - François-Xavier Lapébie
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Sophie Voisin
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.G.); (S.V.); (B.P.)
| | - Vincent Minville
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.G.); (S.V.); (B.P.)
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
| | - Fanny Vardon-Bounes
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France;
| | - Agnès Ribes
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France; (C.G.); (S.V.); (B.P.)
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Toulouse 3, 31024 Toulouse, France; (B.C.); (M.P.); (M.-P.G.); (F.V.-B.)
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18
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Hung SC, Ke LC, Lien TS, Huang HS, Sun DS, Cheng CL, Chang HH. Nanodiamond-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Mice Involve P-Selectin-Dependent Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Mediated Platelet Aggregation, Pyroptosis and Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:806686. [PMID: 35444640 PMCID: PMC9013758 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.806686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamond (ND) has been developed as a carrier to conduct various in vivo diagnostic and therapeutic uses. Safety is one of the major considerations, while the hemocompatibility of ND is not clearly addressed. Here we found that, compared to the other sizes of ND with relatively inert properties, treatments of 50 nm ND induced stronger platelet aggregation, platelet pyroptosis, apoptosis and thrombocytopenia in mice. Blockage treatments of soluble P-selectin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors markedly suppressed such adverse effects, suggesting ND-induced platelet activation and pyroptosis involves surface P-selectin-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial superoxide levels and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In addition, challenges of NDs induced less platelet pyroptosis and displayed less thrombocytopenia in P-selectin (Selp-/-), Nlrp3 (Nlrp3-/-) and caspase-1 (Casp1-/-) mutants, as compared to the wild type mice. Blockers of P-selectin, ROS, and Nlrp3 inflammasome pathways could be considered as antidotes for ND induced platelet activation and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Che Hung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Chu Ke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Lien
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Shun Huang
- Center for Prevention and Therapy of Gynecological Cancers, Department of Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hou Chang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsin-Hou Chang, ;
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19
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O’Reilly D, Murphy CA, Drew R, El-Khuffash A, Maguire PB, Ainle FN, Mc Callion N. Platelets in pediatric and neonatal sepsis: novel mediators of the inflammatory cascade. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:359-367. [PMID: 34711945 PMCID: PMC8816726 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, a dysregulated host response to infection, has been difficult to accurately define in children. Despite a higher incidence, especially in neonates, a non-specific clinical presentation alongside a lack of verified biomarkers has prevented a common understanding of this condition. Platelets, traditionally regarded as mediators of haemostasis and thrombosis, are increasingly associated with functions in the immune system with involvement across the spectrum of innate and adaptive immunity. The large number of circulating platelets (approx. 150,000 cells per microlitre) mean they outnumber traditional immune cells and are often the first to encounter a pathogen at a site of injury. There are also well-described physiological differences between platelets in children and adults. The purpose of this review is to place into context the platelet and its role in immunology and examine the evidence where available for its role as an immune cell in childhood sepsis. It will examine how the platelet interacts with both humoral and cellular components of the immune system and finally discuss the role the platelet proteome, releasate and extracellular vesicles may play in childhood sepsis. This review also examines how platelet transfusions may interfere with the complex relationships between immune cells in infection. IMPACT: Platelets are increasingly being recognised as important "first responders" to immune threats. Differences in adult and paediatric platelets may contribute to differing immune response to infections. Adult platelet transfusions may affect infant immune responses to inflammatory/infectious stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O’Reilly
- grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Conway-SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire A. Murphy
- grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Conway-SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dubin, Ireland
| | - Richard Drew
- grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Clinical Innovation Unit, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Children’s Health Ireland at Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Afif El-Khuffash
- grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dubin, Ireland
| | - Patricia B. Maguire
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Conway-SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Ni Ainle
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743Conway-SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.411596.e0000 0004 0488 8430Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Department of Haematology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Mc Callion
- grid.416068.d0000 0004 0617 7587Department of Neonatology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dubin, Ireland
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20
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Platelet Inhibition Prevents NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Sepsis-Induced Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910330. [PMID: 34638670 PMCID: PMC8508664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, cellular mediators of thrombosis, are activated during sepsis and are increasingly recognized as mediators of the immune response. Platelet activation is significantly increased in sepsis patients compared to ICU control patients. Despite this correlation, the role of activated platelets in contributing to sepsis pathophysiology remains unclear. We previously demonstrated NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced platelets from cecal-ligation puncture (CLP) rats. Activated platelets were associated with increased pulmonary edema and glomerular injury in CLP vs. SHAM controls. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of platelet activation would attenuate NLRP3 activation and renal and pulmonary injury in response to CLP. CLP was performed in male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10/group) to induce abdominal sepsis and SHAM rats served as controls. A subset of CLP animals was treated with Clopidogrel (10 mg/kg/day, CLP + CLOP) to inhibit platelet activation. At 72 h post-CLP, platelet activation and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly were evaluated, IL-1β and IL-18 were measured in plasma, and tissues, renal and pulmonary pathology, and renal function were assessed. Activated platelets were 7.8 ± 3.6% in Sham, 22 ± 6% in CLP and significantly decreased to 14.5 ± 0.6% in CLP + CLOP (n = 8–10/group, p < 0.05). NLRP3 inflammasome assembly was inhibited in platelets of CLP + CLOP animals vs. CLP. Significant increases in plasma and kidney IL-1β and IL-18 in response to CLP were decreased with Clopidogrel treatment. Renal injury, but not lung histology or renal function was improved in CLP + CLOP vs. CLP. These data provide evidence that activated platelets may contribute to sepsis-induced renal injury, possibly via NLRP3 activation in platelets. Platelets may be a therapeutic target to decrease renal injury in septic patients.
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21
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Fu Y, Wang D, Wang S, Zhang Q, Liu H, Yang S, Xu Y, Ying B. Blockade of macrophage-associated programmed death 1 inhibits the pyroptosis signalling pathway in sepsis. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:993-1004. [PMID: 34382103 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and macrophages are the most intriguing candidates in sepsis-induced inflammatory disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between monocyte PD-1 and sepsis severity and the mechanism by which blocking macrophage-associated PD-1 causes inflammatory disorders in sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first measured whether the expression of PD-1 on the monocyte subset is clinically associated with sepsis severity in an observational study. This study included 42 septic patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs) whose serum inflammatory factors were examined by Luminex MagPix. Then, we investigated the effect of PD-1 blockade on macrophages from septic mice (C57BL/6 mice) constructed by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) via RNA sequencing. The positive genes screened by RNA-seq were verified in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of PD-1 on CD14+CD16+ monocytes (intermediate monocytes, IM Mo) was significantly higher in both septic and septic shock patients than in HCs. Further analysis of serum cytokines in septic patients showed that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in HCs, while serum PD-1 levels were decreased in septic patients. More interestingly, blockade of PD-1 on macrophages from septic mice suppressed the gene expression levels of NLRP3/Caspase-4/AKT2/STAT3. The protein levels associated with pyroptosis including NLRP3, Caspase4, GSDMD and NT-GSDMD were significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells treated with PD-1 antibody. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that intermediate monocytes with high expression of PD-1 may be involved in the progression of sepsis. PD-1 might play a critical role in regulating the pyroptosis signalling pathway in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Saikosaponin-D Alleviates Renal Inflammation and Cell Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Sepsis via TCF7/FOSL1/MMP9 Inhibition. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0033221. [PMID: 34309413 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00332-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence exists reporting that Saikosaponin-d can prevent experimental sepsis, and this study aims to illustrate the molecular events underlying its renoprotective effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal inflammation simulating sepsis. Through network pharmacology analysis and bioinformatics analysis, we identified that saikosaponin-d may influence sepsis development by mediating TCF7. Dual luciferase reporter gene and ChIP assays were used to explore the interactions between TCF7, FOSL1 and MMP9. The experimental data suggested that Saikosaponin-d attenuated LPS-induced renal injury, as evidenced by reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines as well as cell apoptosis in the renal tissues of LPS-induced mice. Mechanically, Saikosaponin-d inhibited FOSL1 by inhibiting TCF7, which reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in renal cells. TCF7 activated the FOSL1 expression and consequently promoted the expression of MMP9. Also, Saikosaponin-d reduced cell apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TCF7/FOSL1/MMP9 axis in vivo. In conclusion, Saikosaponin-d suppresses FOSL1 transcription by downregulating TCF7, thereby inhibiting MMP9 expression and ultimately reducing the renal inflammation and cell apoptosis induced by sepsis.
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23
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Neutrophil extracellular traps and inflammasomes cooperatively promote venous thrombosis in mice. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2319-2324. [PMID: 33938940 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is linked to local inflammation. A role for both neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the assembly of inflammasomes (leading to caspase-1-dependent interleukin-1β activation) in the development of DVT was recently suggested. However, no link between these 2 processes in the setting of thrombosis has been investigated. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of neutrophils induced simultaneous formation of NETs and active caspase-1. Caspase-1 was largely associated with NETs, suggesting that secreted active caspase-1 requires NETs as an adhesive surface. NETs and their components, histones, promoted robust caspase-1 activation in platelets with the strongest effect exerted by histones 3/4. Murine DVT thrombi contained active caspase-1, which peaked at 6 hours when compared with 48-hour thrombi. Platelets constituted more than one-half of cells containing active caspase-1 in dissociated thrombi. Using intravital microscopy, we identified colocalized NETs and caspase-1 as well as platelet recruitment at the site of thrombosis. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 strongly reduced DVT in mice, and thrombi that still formed contained no citrullinated histone 3, a marker of NETs. Taken together, these data demonstrate a cross-talk between NETs and inflammasomes both in vitro and in the DVT setting. This may be an important mechanism supporting thrombosis in veins.
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24
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Rolfes V, Ribeiro LS, Hawwari I, Böttcher L, Rosero N, Maasewerd S, Santos MLS, Próchnicki T, Silva CMDS, Wanderley CWDS, Rothe M, Schmidt SV, Stunden HJ, Bertheloot D, Rivas MN, Fontes CJ, Carvalho LH, Cunha FQ, Latz E, Arditi M, Franklin BS. Platelets Fuel the Inflammasome Activation of Innate Immune Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107615. [PMID: 32402278 PMCID: PMC7225754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes control the bioactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family. The inflammasome assembled by NLRP3 has been predominantly studied in homogeneous cell populations in vitro, neglecting the influence of cellular interactions that occur in vivo. Here, we show that platelets boost the inflammasome capacity of human macrophages and neutrophils and are critical for IL-1 production by monocytes. Platelets license NLRP3 transcription, thereby enhancing ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 activity, and IL-1β secretion. Platelets influence IL-1β production in vivo, and blood platelet counts correlate with plasmatic IL-1β levels in malaria. Furthermore, we reveal an enriched platelet gene signature among the highest-expressed transcripts in IL-1β-driven autoinflammatory diseases. The platelet effect is independent of cell-to-cell contact, platelet-derived lipid mediators, purines, nucleic acids, and a host of platelet cytokines, and it involves the triggering of calcium-sensing receptors on macrophages. Hence, platelets provide an additional layer of regulation of inflammasomes and IL-1-driven inflammation. Platelets license NLRP3 for inflammasome activattion in innate immune cells Platelets are required for optimal monocyte inflammasome activation Platelets shape IL-1β in vivo, and platelet counts correlate with IL-1β in plasma A constitutive, heat-sensitive soluble platelet-factor boost IL-1β in macrophages
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rolfes
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lucas Secchim Ribeiro
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany.
| | - Ibrahim Hawwari
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Lisa Böttcher
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Nathalia Rosero
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Salie Maasewerd
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Marina Lima Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Próchnicki
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Camila Meirelles de Souza Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Wagner de Souza Wanderley
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Rothe
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - H James Stunden
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Damien Bertheloot
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cor Jesus Fontes
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Luzia Helena Carvalho
- Laboratório de Malária, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, and Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center (IIDRC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA.
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Tang D, Wang H, Billiar TR, Kroemer G, Kang R. Emerging mechanisms of immunocoagulation in sepsis and septic shock. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:508-522. [PMID: 33906793 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock driven by microbial infections are still among the most challenging health problems, causing 11 million deaths worldwide every year. How does the host's response to pathogen infections effectively restore homeostasis instead of precipitating pathogenic and potentially fatal feedforward reactions? Recently, there have been significant new advances in our understanding of the interface between mammalian immunity and coagulation ('immunocoagulation') and its impact on sepsis. In particular, the release and activation of F3 (the main initiator of coagulation) from and on myeloid or epithelial cells is facilitated by activating inflammasomes and consequent gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis, coupled to signaling via high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), stimulator of interferon response CGAMP interactor 1 (STING1), or sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1). Pharmacological modulation of the immunocoagulation pathways emerge as novel and potential therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China; Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; 94800 Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-, HP; 75015 Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Vogel S, Kamimura S, Arora T, Smith ML, Almeida LEF, Combs CA, Thein SL, Quezado ZMN. NLRP3 inflammasome and bruton tyrosine kinase inhibition interferes with upregulated platelet aggregation and in vitro thrombus formation in sickle cell mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:196-201. [PMID: 33831782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical inflammatory mechanism identified in platelets, which controls platelet activation and aggregation. We have recently shown that the platelet NLRP3 inflammasome is upregulated in sickle cell disease (SCD), which is mediated by Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). Here, we investigated the effect of pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 and BTK on platelet aggregation and the formation of in vitro thrombi in Townes SCD mice. Mice were injected for 4 weeks with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib or vehicle control. NLRP3 activity, as monitored by caspase-1 activation, was upregulated in platelets from SCD mice, which was dependent on BTK. Large areas of platelet aggregates detected in the liver of SCD mice were decreased when mice were treated with MCC950 or ibrutinib. Moreover, platelet aggregation and in vitro thrombus formation were upregulated in SCD mice and were inhibited when mice were subjected to pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 and BTK. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome might be a novel approach for antiplatelet therapy in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sayuri Kamimura
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taruna Arora
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meghann L Smith
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis E F Almeida
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian A Combs
- Light Microscopy Core, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Swee Lay Thein
- Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zenaide M N Quezado
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sickle Cell Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wu R, Wang N, Comish PB, Tang D, Kang R. Inflammasome-Dependent Coagulation Activation in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641750. [PMID: 33796108 PMCID: PMC8007875 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening, pathological condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Pathologically, systemic inflammation can initiate coagulation activation, leading to organ dysfunction, and ultimately to multiple organ failure and septic death. The inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein signaling complexes that control the host response to diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dead or dying host cells. Recent studies highlight that the activation of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes not only mediate the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1 (IL1) family cytokines, but also trigger the release of coagulation factor III, tissue factor (F3, best known as TF) in activated macrophages and monocytes. These emerging functions of inflammasomes in immunocoagulation are further positively regulated by stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING1, also known as STING or TMEM173, a hub of the innate immune signaling network) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1, a nuclear DAMP). This mini-review will discuss the regulation and function of inflammasome-dependent coagulation activation in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runliu Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Paul B Comish
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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28
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Root-Bernstein R. Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042108. [PMID: 33672738 PMCID: PMC7924650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) due to combined infections of SARS-CoV-2 with other microbes, mainly bacterial and fungal. This proposition is based on eight linked types of evidence and their logical connections. (1) Severe cases of COVID-19 differ from healthy controls and mild COVID-19 patients in exhibiting increased TLR4, TLR7, TLR9 and NLRP3 activity. (2) SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses activate TLR3, TLR7, RIG1 and NLRP3. (3) SARS-CoV-2 cannot, therefore, account for the innate receptor activation pattern (IRAP) found in severe COVID-19 patients. (4) Severe COVID-19 also differs from its mild form in being characterized by bacterial and fungal infections. (5) Respiratory bacterial and fungal infections activate TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and NLRP3. (6) A combination of SARS-CoV-2 with bacterial/fungal coinfections accounts for the IRAP found in severe COVID-19 and why it differs from mild cases. (7) Notably, TLR7 (viral) and TLR4 (bacterial/fungal) synergize, TLR9 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize and TLR2 and TLR4 (both bacterial/fungal) synergize with NLRP3 (viral and bacterial). (8) Thus, a SARS-CoV-2-bacterium/fungus coinfection produces synergistic innate activation, resulting in the hyperinflammation characteristic of a cytokine storm. Unique clinical, experimental and therapeutic predictions (such as why melatonin is effective in treating COVID-19) are discussed, and broader implications are outlined for understanding why other syndromes such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis display varied cytokine storm symptoms.
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Fu G, Deng M, Neal MD, Billiar TR, Scott MJ. Platelet-Monocyte Aggregates: Understanding Mechanisms and Functions in Sepsis. Shock 2021; 55:156-166. [PMID: 32694394 PMCID: PMC8008955 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Platelets have been shown to play an important immunomodulatory role in the pathogenesis of various diseases through their interactions with other immune and nonimmune cells. Sepsis is a major cause of death in the United States, and many of the mechanisms driving sepsis pathology are still unresolved. Monocytes have recently received increasing attention in sepsis pathogenesis, and multiple studies have associated increased levels of platelet-monocyte aggregates observed early in sepsis with clinical outcomes in sepsis patients. These findings suggest platelet-monocyte aggregates may be an important prognostic indicator. However, the mechanisms leading to platelet interaction and aggregation with monocytes, and the effects of aggregation during sepsis are still poorly defined. There are few studies that have really investigated functions of platelets and monocytes together, despite a large body of research showing separate functions of platelets and monocytes in inflammation and immune responses during sepsis. The goal of this review is to provide insights into what we do know about mechanisms and biological meanings of platelet-monocyte interactions, as well as some of the technical challenges and limitations involved in studying this important potential mechanism in sepsis pathogenesis. Improving our understanding of platelet and monocyte biology in sepsis may result in identification of novel targets that can be used to positively affect outcomes in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (visiting scholar in Pittsburgh 2018-09/2020-09)
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew D. Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Melanie J. Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Wang S, Liu Y, Li G, Feng Q, Hou M, Peng J. Reduced intracellular antioxidant capacity in platelets contributes to primary immune thrombocytopenia via ROS-NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway. Thromb Res 2020; 199:1-9. [PMID: 33383234 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common acquired autoimmune hemorrhagic disease characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. However, some patients do not respond well to current therapeutic approaches. Further studies on pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ITP are needed to discover new therapeutic targets. We explored the role of enhanced intracellular oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation of platelets in ITP. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome was assessed in platelets from active ITP patients and healthy donors. Both the mRNA and protein expression level of platelet NLRP3 inflammasome was upregulated in ITP patients compared with healthy donors. Besides, the elevated caspase-1 activity and increased co-localization of NLRP3 and its adaptor molecule ASC indicated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in ITP platelets. Significantly decreased intracellular antioxidant capacity was observed in ITP platelets. H2O2 supplementation elevated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and increased IL-1β secretion in ITP platelets. Preincubating ITP platelets with NAC down-regulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. Pretreating ITP platelets with NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or caspase-1 inhibitor Z-YVAD-FMK significantly reduced the proportion of pyroptotic cells in H2O2-treated ITP platelets and suppressed IL-1β secretion in supernatants. Hence, platelet NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulted from reduced intracellular antioxidant capacity plays a critical role in ITP and might have potential diagnostic or therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guosheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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31
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Toxoplasma gondii GRA9 Regulates the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome to Exert Anti-Septic Effects in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228437. [PMID: 33182702 PMCID: PMC7696177 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dense granule proteins (GRAs) are essential components in Toxoplasma gondii, which are suggested to be promising serodiagnostic markers in toxoplasmosis. In this study, we investigated the function of GRA9 in host response and the associated regulatory mechanism, which were unknown. We found that GRA9 interacts with NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) involved in inflammation by forming the NLRP3 inflammasome. The C-terminal of GRA9 (GRA9C) is essential for GRA9–NLRP3 interaction by disrupting the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking the binding of apoptotic speck-containing (ASC)-NLRP3. Notably, Q200 of GRA9C is essential for the interaction of NLRP3 and blocking the conjugation of ASC. Recombinant GRA9C (rGRA9C) showed an anti-inflammatory effect and the elimination of bacteria by converting M1 to M2 macrophages. In vivo, rGRA9C increased the anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects and subsequent anti-septic activity in CLP- and E. coli- or P. aeruginosa-induced sepsis model mice by increasing M2 polarization. Taken together, our findings defined a role of T. gondii GRA9 associated with NLRP3 in host macrophages, suggesting its potential as a new candidate therapeutic agent for sepsis.
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Dib PRB, Quirino-Teixeira AC, Merij LB, Pinheiro MBM, Rozini SV, Andrade FB, Hottz ED. Innate immune receptors in platelets and platelet-leukocyte interactions. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1157-1182. [PMID: 32779243 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4mr0620-701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Activated platelets have thromboinflammatory functions linking hemostatic and immune responses in several physiological and pathological conditions. Among many ways in which platelets exert these functions, platelet expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including TLR, Nod-like receptor, and C-type lectin receptor families, plays major roles in sensing and responding to pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs, respectively). In this review, an increasing body of evidence is compiled showing the participation of platelet innate immune receptors, including PRRs, in infectious diseases, sterile inflammation, and cancer. How platelet recognition of endogenous DAMPs participates in sterile inflammatory diseases and thrombosis is discussed. In addition, platelet recognition of both PAMPs and DAMPs initiates platelet-mediated inflammation and vascular thrombosis in infectious diseases, including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections. The study also focuses on the involvement of innate immune receptors in platelet activation during cancer, and their contribution to tumor microenvironment development and metastasis. Finally, how innate immune receptors participate in platelet communication with leukocytes, modulating leukocyte-mediated inflammation and immune functions, is highlighted. These cell communication processes, including platelet-induced release of neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet Ag presentation to T-cells and platelet modulation of monocyte cytokine secretion are discussed in the context of infectious and sterile diseases of major concern in human health, including cardiovascular diseases, dengue, HIV infection, sepsis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Anna Cecíllia Quirino-Teixeira
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Laura Botelho Merij
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Mariana Brandi Mendonça Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Stephane Vicente Rozini
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brandi Andrade
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eugenio Damaceno Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Watanabe S, Usui-Kawanishi F, Komada T, Karasawa T, Kamata R, Yamada N, Kimura H, Dezaki K, Ohmori T, Takahashi M. ASC regulates platelet activation and contributes to thrombus formation independent of NLRP3 inflammasome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 531:125-132. [PMID: 32782151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are critical mediators of vascular homeostasis and thrombosis, and also contribute to the development of inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multi-protein complex that consists of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1, and regulates IL-1β-mediated inflammation. METHOD AND RESULTS Using two mouse models of thrombosis (i.e., occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and inferior vena cava), we found that thrombus formation was significantly enhanced in ASC-deficient (ASC-/-) mice, compared to that in wild-type (WT) and IL-1β-/- mice. ASC deficiency had no effects on blood coagulation parameters (i.e., prothrombin time [PT] and activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT]). Platelets from WT mice express ASC, but neither NLRP3 nor caspase-1. ASC deficiency significantly enhanced the expression of P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa in response to a GPVI agonist (collagen-related peptide [CRP]), but not to thrombin, in platelets. CRP induced ASC speck formation in WT platelets. ASC deficiency also enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt in platelets. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that ASC negatively regulates GPVI signaling in platelets and enhances thrombus formation, independent of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β, and provide novel insights into the link between inflammation and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Watanabe
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Fumitake Usui-Kawanishi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takanori Komada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryo Kamata
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamada
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsuya Dezaki
- Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ohmori
- Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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Cornelius DC, Travis OK, Tramel RW, Borges-Rodriguez M, Baik CH, Greer M, Giachelli CA, Tardo GA, Williams JM. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition attenuates sepsis-induced platelet activation and prevents multi-organ injury in cecal-ligation puncture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234039. [PMID: 32555710 PMCID: PMC7299389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated immune response to infection. Currently, no effective treatment for sepsis exists. Platelets are recognized as mediators of the immune response and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of sepsis. We previously demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-induced activated platelets was associated with multi-organ injury in the cecal-ligation puncture (CLP) rat model of sepsis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of NLRP3 would inhibit platelet activation and attenuate multi-organ injury in the CLP rat. CLP (n = 10) or Sham (n = 10) surgery were performed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. A subset of CLP rats were treated with MCC950 (50mg/kg/d), a specific NLRP3 inhibitor (CLP+MCC950, n = 10). At 72 hrs. post-CLP, blood and organs were harvested for analysis of platelet activation, NLRP3 activation, inflammation and end organ damage. Platelet activation increased from 8±0.8% in Sham to 16±1% in CLP, and was reduced to 9±1% in CLP+M rats (p<0.05). NLRP3 activation was also increased in platelets of CLP vs Sham. NLRP3 expression was unchanged in kidney and lung after CLP, but Caspase 1 expression and IL-1β were increased. MCC950 treatment attenuated NLRP3 activation in platelets. Plasma, kidney, and lung levels of NLRP3 inflammasome associated cytokines, IL-1ß and IL-18, were significantly increased in CLP compared to Sham rats. Inhibition of NLRP3 normalized cytokine levels. Glomerular injury, pulmonary edema, and endothelial dysfunction markers were increased in CLP rats vs Sham. MCC950 treatment significantly decreased renal and pulmonary injury and endothelial dysfunction in CLP+M. Our results demonstrate a role for NLRP3 in contributing to platelet activation and multi-organ injury in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise C. Cornelius
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Olivia K. Travis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Tramel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Marivee Borges-Rodriguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cedar H. Baik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Mallory Greer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Chelsea A. Giachelli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Geilda A. Tardo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Williams
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
- Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America
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Gao Y, Dai X, Li Y, Li G, Lin X, Ai C, Cao Y, Li T, Lin B. Role of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the protective effect of polydatin in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. J Transl Med 2020; 18:114. [PMID: 32131850 PMCID: PMC7055075 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have reported that polydatin (PD) alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in rat models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SI-AKI), but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of Parkin-mediated mitophagy in the protective effects of PD in SI-AKI in mice. METHODS Sepsis was induced in the mice by caecal ligation and puncture. Mitophagy was determined by mitochondrial mass. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was determined by NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1. Mitophagy was blocked by treatment with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 and Parkin knockout. KEY RESULTS PD treatment increased the sepsis-induced loss of mitochondrial mass, indicating the upregulation of mitophagy. Furthermore, PD treatment mediated Parkin translocation from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. This suggests that Parkin-mediated mitophagy is an underlying mechanism. This was confirmed by the suppression of PD-induced mitophagy in Parkin-/- mice and in mice that were treated with a mitophagy inhibitor. PD-induced Parkin translocation and mitophagy were blocked by inhibiting SIRT1; thus, activation of SIRT1 might be an important molecular mechanism that is triggered by PD. Additionally, PD treatment protected against sepsis-induced kidney injury. These effects were blocked by inhibition of Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Furthermore, PD also protected against mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and the effect was blocked when Parkin-dependent mitophagy was inhibited. Finally, PD suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation that was also dependent on Parkin-mediated mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Parkin-mediated mitophagy is important for the protective effect of PD in SI-AKI, and the underlying mechanisms include the inhibition of mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youguang Gao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Xingui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Guicheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Xianzhong Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Chenmu Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 102 Luojiajing, Chenzhou, 423000, China.
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
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Abstract
In sepsis, coagulation is activated and there is an increased risk of developing a consumptive coagulopathy with attendant increase in mortality. The processes that regulate hemostasis evolved as a component of the inflammatory response to infection. Many points of interaction occur on the endothelial cell surface linking the 2 cell types in the initiation and regulation of hemostasis and inflammation. Consequently, inflammation stimulates both platelets and endothelial cells in ways that affect both hemostasis and the immune response. Platelets are also prime drivers of the inflammatory response. This article discusses the pathways wherein inflammation regulates platelet and endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van der Poll
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Center of Experimental and Molecular Medicine & Division of Infectious Diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Room G2-130, Amsterdam 1105AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Robert I Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8111, USA.
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Abstract
Platelets have a well-recognized role in hemostasis and thrombosis, and they are important amplifiers of inflammation and innate immune responses. The formation of DNA extracellular traps (ETs) is a complex cellular mechanism, which occurs in response to microbial infections and sterile inflammation, and results in the release of DNA complexed with histones and various granular proteins. ETs were first discovered in neutrophils (NETs); however, it is now accepted that other leukocytes, including eosinophils (EETs) and monocytes/macrophages (MoETs/METs), can also generate them. Moreover, several types of ETs have been described.Increasing evidence has demonstrated that platelets modulate the formation of ETs. This review summarizes recent findings about the physiopathological role of platelets in the formation of ETs during infection and future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M Gómez
- Laboratorio De Virus Animales, Instituto De Biotecnología Y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.,Global Viral Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aída O López Ortiz
- Laboratorio De Virus Animales, Instituto De Biotecnología Y Biología Molecular, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.,Laboratorio De Trombosis Experimental, Instituto De Medicina Experimental, CONICET-ANM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Schattner
- Laboratorio De Trombosis Experimental, Instituto De Medicina Experimental, CONICET-ANM, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Danielski LG, Giustina AD, Bonfante S, Barichello T, Petronilho F. The NLRP3 Inflammasome and Its Role in Sepsis Development. Inflammation 2019; 43:24-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Margraf A, Zarbock A. Platelets in Inflammation and Resolution. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2357-2367. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Assinger A, Schrottmaier WC, Salzmann M, Rayes J. Platelets in Sepsis: An Update on Experimental Models and Clinical Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1687. [PMID: 31379873 PMCID: PMC6650595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their important role in hemostasis, platelets play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases. This becomes apparent during sepsis, where platelet count and activation correlate with disease outcome and survival. Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction, permanent disabilities, or death. During sepsis, tissue injury results from the concomitant uncontrolled activation of the complement, coagulation, and inflammatory systems as well as platelet dysfunction. The balance between the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the compensatory anti-inflammatory response (CARS) regulates sepsis outcome. Persistent thrombocytopenia is considered as an independent risk factor of mortality in sepsis, although it is still unclear whether the drop in platelet count is the cause or the consequence of sepsis severity. The role of platelets in sepsis development and progression was addressed in different experimental in vivo models, particularly in mice, that represent various aspects of human sepsis. The immunomodulatory function of platelets depends on the experimental model, time, and type of infection. Understanding the molecular mechanism of platelet regulation in inflammation could bring us one step closer to understand this important aspect of primary hemostasis which drives thrombotic as well as bleeding complications in patients with sterile and infectious inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the contribution of platelets to sepsis severity and outcome. We highlight the differences between platelet receptors in mice and humans and discuss the potential and limitations of animal models to study platelet-related functions in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Assinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Salzmann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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