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Van Bruggen S, Sheehy CE, Kraisin S, Frederix L, Wagner DD, Martinod K. Neutrophil peptidylarginine deiminase 4 plays a systemic role in obesity-induced chronic inflammation in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1496-1509. [PMID: 38325598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an increasing problem in our current society and is expected to keep rising in incidence. With its multiorigin, complex pathophysiology, it is difficult to treat and easy to acquire unnoticeably. During obesity, it has been established that the body is in a constant state of low-grade inflammation, thereby causing changes in immune cell physiology. OBJECTIVES Here, we investigated the influence of neutrophils, more specifically as a result of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activity and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), during obesity-induced chronic inflammation. METHODS Wild-type mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD) and investigated over a period of 10 weeks for NET formation and its impact on the heart. Neutrophil-selective PAD4 knockout (Ne-PAD4-/-) mice were studied in parallel. RESULTS As a result of high fat intake, we observed clear alteration in the priming status of isolated neutrophils toward NET release, including early stages of speck formation and histone citrullination of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. Ne-PAD4-/- mice deficient in NET formation did not increase bodyweight to the same extent as their littermate controls, with Ne-PAD4-/- mice being leaner after 10 weeks of HFD feeding. Interestingly, obesity progression led to cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in wild-type mice after 10 weeks, while this remodeling and subsequent decrease in function were absent in Ne-PAD4-/- mice. Surprisingly, HFD did not alter NET content or thrombus formation in the inferior vena cava stenosis model. CONCLUSION Detrimental physiological effects, the result of obesity progression, can in part be attributed to neutrophil PAD4 and NETs in response to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. http://www.twitter.com/Cardio_KULeuven
| | - Casey E Sheehy
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sirima Kraisin
- Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. http://www.twitter.com/Cardio_KULeuven
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. http://www.twitter.com/Cardio_KULeuven
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Vascular and Molecular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Cao TBT, Quoc QL, Jang JH, Park HS. Immune Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Responses in Severe Asthma. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:194-201. [PMID: 38515356 PMCID: PMC10973555 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma (SA) has heterogeneous inflammatory phenotypes characterized by persistent airway inflammation (eosinophilic and/or neutrophilic inflammation) and remodeling. Various immune cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) become more activated and release inflammatory mediators and extracellular traps, damaging the protective barrier of airway epithelial cells and further activating other immune and structural cells. These cells play a role in autoimmune responses in asthmatic airways, where the adaptive immune system generates autoantibodies, inducing immunoglobulin G-dependent airway inflammation. Recent studies have suggested that adult asthmatics had high titers of autoantibodies associated with asthma severity, although pathogenic factors or diagnostic criteria are not well-defined. This challenge is further compounded by asthmatics with the autoimmune responses showing therapy insensitivity or failure to current pharmacological and biological treatment. This review updates emerging mechanisms of autoimmune responses in asthmatic airways and provides insights into their roles, proposing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Bich Tra Cao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Mengozzi L, Barison I, Malý M, Lorenzoni G, Fedrigo M, Castellani C, Gregori D, Malý P, Matěj R, Toušek P, Widimský P, Angelini A. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Thrombolysis Resistance: New Insights for Targeting Therapies. Stroke 2024; 55:963-971. [PMID: 38465650 PMCID: PMC10962437 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombosis is linked to neutrophil release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are proposed as a mechanism of resistance to thrombolysis. This study intends to analyze the composition of thrombi retrieved after mechanical thrombectomy, estimate the age and organization of thrombi, and evaluate associations with the use of thrombolysis, antiplatelets, and heparin. METHODS This retrospective observational study involved 72 samples (44 from cerebral and 28 coronary arteries), which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, anti-NE (neutrophil elastase) antibody, and anti-histone H2B (histone H2B) antibody, representing different components in NET formation, all detectable during the later stages of NETosis, for histochemical and digital quantification of NET content. The histological and morphological evaluations of the specimens were correlated, through univariate and mediation analyses, with clinical information and therapy administered before intervention. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the composition of cerebral and coronary thrombi differs, and there were significantly more lytic cerebral thrombi than coronary thrombi (66% versus 14%; P=0.005). There was a considerably higher expression of NETs in the cerebral thrombi as testified by the higher expression of H2B (P=0.031). Thrombolysis was remarkably associated with higher NE positivity (average marginal effect, 6.461 [95% CI, 0.7901-12.13]; P=0.02555), regardless of the origin of thrombi. There was no notable association between the administration of antiaggregant therapy/heparin and H2B/NE amount when adjusted for the thrombus location. Importantly, the age of the thrombus was the only independent predictor of NET content without any mediation of the thrombolytic treatment (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS The age of the thrombus is the driving force for NET content, which correlates with impaired clinical outcomes. The therapy that is currently administered does not modify NET content. This study supports the need to investigate new pharmacological approaches added to thrombolysis to prevent NET formation or enhance their disruption, such as recombinant human DNase I (deoxyribonuclease I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mengozzi
- Cardiac Centre (L.M., P.T., P.W.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Ilaria Barison
- Cardiovascular Pathology (I.B., M.F., C.C., A.A.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Martin Malý
- Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Military University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine (M.M., P.M.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (G.L., D.G.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Cardiovascular Pathology (I.B., M.F., C.C., A.A.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Castellani
- Cardiovascular Pathology (I.B., M.F., C.C., A.A.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Public Health (G.L., D.G.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Petr Malý
- Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Military University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine (M.M., P.M.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology (R.M.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Petr Toušek
- Cardiac Centre (L.M., P.T., P.W.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Petr Widimský
- Cardiac Centre (L.M., P.T., P.W.), Charles University, Czechia
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Cardiovascular Pathology (I.B., M.F., C.C., A.A.), Department of Pathology, Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
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Al-Bakri SMR, Magan-Fernandez A, Galindo-Moreno P, O'Valle F, Martin-Morales N, Padial-Molina M, Mesa F. Detection and comparison of neutrophil extracellular traps in tissue samples of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy patients: A pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2024. [PMID: 38556724 DOI: 10.1111/cid.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect and compare the tissular expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peri-implant and periodontal samples of patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational study was performed on patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri-implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET-related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups. RESULTS Sixty-four patients were included in the study: 28 peri-implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri-implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri-implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS A greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri-implantitis. A higher expression of NET-related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Muayad Rasheed Al-Bakri
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natividad Martin-Morales
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and IBIMER, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Padial-Molina
- Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- ibs.GRANADA - Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Chacón P, Vega-Rioja A, Doukkali B, Del Valle Rodriguez A, Fernández-Delgado L, Domínguez-Cereijo L, Segura C, Pérez-Machuca BM, Perkins JR, El Bekay R, Cornejo-García JA, Hajji N, Monteseirín J, Rivas-Pérez D. Human Neutrophils Couple Nitric Oxide Production and Extracellular Traps Formation in Allergic Asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024. [PMID: 38445953 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202305-0889oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitric oxide (NO) is elevated in the airways and serum of allergic asthmatic patients, suggesting an important role in asthma. NO production has been widely attributed to the canonical inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Much effort has been made to inhibit this enzyme with two outcomes: no asthma improvement; and partial NO reduction, suggesting the involvement of an iNOS-independent source. OBJECTIVES Neutrophils produce NO under inflammatory conditions and their role in asthma has been overlooked. The present study analyzes their possible role as source of NO. METHODS Our hypothesis was tested in 99 allergic patients with intermittent bronchial asthma and 26 healthy donors. NO production by blood and sputum neutrophils in response to allergens, anti-IgE, and anti-IgE receptors Abs was assessed by Griess, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Extracellular traps (ETs) formation, as a possible consequence of NO production, was quantified by western blot and confocal microscopy, and reactive oxygen species by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. RESULTS Among blood and sputum granulocytes from allergic asthmatic patients, only neutrophils, produce NO by an IgE-dependent mechanism. This production is independent of NOS, but dependent on a reaction between L-arginine and reactive oxygen species from NOX2. NO and ETosis are induced in parallel, and NO amplifies ETs formation, which is a key mediator in asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel role of neutrophils as the unique allergen/IgE-dependent NO source in allergic asthma enhancing ETs formation. These results suggest that NO produced by neutrophils needs further consideration in the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Chacón
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 16582, UGC de Alergologia, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Vega-Rioja
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 16582, UGC de Alergologia, Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Bouchra Doukkali
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 16582, UGC de Alergologia, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Segura
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, 16582, UGC de Alergologia, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - James R Perkins
- 3Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Rajaa El Bekay
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, 582139, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Malaga, Andalucía, Spain
| | | | - Nabil Hajji
- Imperial College London Faculty of Medicine, 4957, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Javier Monteseirín
- 7Hospital Quirón Sagrado Corazón and Hospital Quirón Infanta-Luisa, Seville, Spain
| | - David Rivas-Pérez
- Universidad de Sevilla Facultad de Odontología, 321179, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
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Martinod K, Denorme F, Meyers S, Crescente M, Van Bruggen S, Stroobants M, Siegel PM, Grandhi R, Glatz K, Witsch T. Involvement of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 in eosinophil extracellular trap formation and contribution to citrullinated histone signal in thrombi. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00112-0. [PMID: 38395360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular traps formed by neutrophils (NETs) and eosinophils (EETs) have been described in coronary thrombi, contributing to thrombus stability. A key mechanism during NET formation is histone modification by the enzyme PAD4. Citrullinated histones, the product of PAD4 activity, are often attributed to neutrophils. Eosinophils also express high levels of PAD4. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore the contribution of PAD4 to EET formation. METHODS We performed immunohistological analyses on thrombi, including a large, intact, and eosinophil-containing thrombus retrieved from the right coronary artery using an aspiration catheter and stroke thrombi from thrombectomy retrieval. We studied eosinophils for their capability to form PAD4-dependent EETs in response to strong ET-inducing agonists as well as activated platelets and bacteria. RESULTS Histopathology and immunofluorescence microscopy identified a coronary thrombus rich in platelets and neutrophils, with distinct areas containing von Willebrand factor and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit). Eosinophils were also identified in leukocyte-rich areas. The majority of the H3Cit+ signal colocalized with myeloperoxidase, but some colocalized with eosinophil peroxidase, indicating EETs. Eosinophils isolated from healthy volunteers produced H3Cit+ EETs, indicating an involvement of PAD4 activity. The selective PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 blocked this process, supporting PAD4 dependence of H3Cit+ EET release. Citrullinated histones were also present in EETs produced in response to live Staphylococci. However, limited evidence for EETs was found in mouse models of venous thrombosis or infective endocarditis. CONCLUSION As in NETosis, PAD4 can catalyze the formation of EETs. Inhibition of PAD4 decreases EET formation, supporting the future utility of PAD4 inhibitors as possible antithrombotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frederik Denorme
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Severien Meyers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Stroobants
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick M Siegel
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katharina Glatz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Witsch
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yang R, Zhang Y, Kang J, Zhang C, Ning B. Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans Revisited: Its Mechanism of Generation and Action for Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2024; 15:153-168. [PMID: 37307832 PMCID: PMC10796098 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes (RAs) produce chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in large quantities after spinal cord injury (SCI) and inhibit axon regeneration through the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway. However, the mechanism of producing CSPGs by RAs and their roles in other aspects are often overlooked. In recent years, novel generation mechanisms and functions of CSPGs have gradually emerged. Extracellular traps (ETs), a new recently discovered phenomenon in SCI, can promote secondary injury. ETs are released by neutrophils and microglia, which activate astrocytes to produce CSPGs after SCI. CSPGs inhibit axon regeneration and play an important role in regulating inflammation as well as cell migration and differentiation; some of these regulations are beneficial. The current review summarized the process of ET-activated RAs to generate CSPGs at the cellular signaling pathway level. Moreover, the roles of CSPGs in inhibiting axon regeneration, regulating inflammation, and regulating cell migration and differentiation were discussed. Finally, based on the above process, novel potential therapeutic targets were proposed to eliminate the adverse effects of CSPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Pan Q, Chen C, Yang YJ. Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:1-27. [PMID: 38057537 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2818-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yue-Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Willemsen JF, Wenskus J, Lenz M, Rhode H, Trochimiuk M, Appl B, Pagarol-Raluy L, Börnigen D, Bang C, Reinshagen K, Herrmann M, Elrod J, Boettcher M. DNases improve effectiveness of antibiotic treatment in murine polymicrobial sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1254838. [PMID: 38259485 PMCID: PMC10801052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have various beneficial and detrimental effects in the body. It has been reported that some bacteria may evade the immune system when entangled in NETs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a combined DNase and antibiotic therapy in a murine model of abdominal sepsis. Methods C57BL/6 mice underwent a cecum-ligation-and-puncture procedure. We used wild-type and knockout mice with the same genetic background (PAD4-KO and DNase1-KO). Mice were treated with (I) antibiotics (Metronidazol/Cefuroxime), (II) DNAse1, or (III) with the combination of both; mock-treated mice served as controls. We employed a streak plate procedure and 16s-RNA analysis to evaluate bacterial translocation and quantified NETs formation by ELISA and immune fluorescence. Western blot and proteomics analysis were used to determine inflammation. Results A total of n=73 mice were used. Mice that were genetically unable to produce extended NETs or were treated with DNases displayed superior survival and bacterial clearance and reduced inflammation. DNase1 treatment significantly improved clearance of Gram-negative bacteria and survival rates. Importantly, the combination of DNase1 and antibiotics reduced tissue damage, neutrophil activation, and NETs formation in the affected intestinal tissue. Conclusion The combination of antibiotics with DNase1 ameliorates abdominal sepsis. Gram-negative bacteria are cleared better when NETs are cleaved by DNase1. Future studies on antibiotic therapy should be combined with anti-NETs therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Fritjof Willemsen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Wenskus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Lenz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Rhode
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madgalena Trochimiuk
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Appl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laia Pagarol-Raluy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Medicine 3, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitäts-klinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Elrod
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Boettcher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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10
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Weng W, Liu Y, Hu Z, Li Z, Peng X, Wang M, Dong B, Zhong S, Jiang Y, Pan Y. Macrophage extracellular traps promote tumor-like biologic behaviors of fibroblast-like synoviocytes through cGAS-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:116-129. [PMID: 37648663 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovium hyperplasia and bone destruction. Macrophage extracellular traps are released from macrophages under various stimuli and may generate stable autoantigen-DNA complexes, as well as aggravate autoantibody generation and autoimmune responses. We aimed to investigate the role of macrophage extracellular traps on the biologic behaviors of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Synovial tissues and fibroblast-like synoviocytes were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Extracellular traps in synovium and synovial fluids were detected by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and SYTOX Green staining. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and cytokine expression of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes were assessed by CCK-8, wound-healing assay, Transwell assays, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism, and Western blot was used to validate the active signaling pathways. We found that extracellular trap formation was abundant in rheumatoid arthritis and positively correlated to anti-CCP. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated with purified macrophage extracellular traps demonstrated the obvious promotion in tumor-like biologic behaviors. The DNA sensor cGAS in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes was activated after macrophage extracellular trap stimuli. RNA sequencing revealed that differential genes were significantly enriched in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and cGAS inhibitor RU.521 effectively reversed the promotion of tumor-like biologic behaviors in macrophage extracellular trap-treated rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes and downregulated the PI3K/Akt activation. In summary, our study demonstrates that macrophage extracellular traps promote the pathogenically biological behaviors of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through cGAS-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and the mechanisms of macrophages in modulating rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte tumor-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Weng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 29 Bulang Road, Longgang district, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuoyu Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 628 Zhenyuan Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manli Wang
- Medical Research Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 3025 Shennan Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Miyabe Y, Fukuchi M, Tomizawa H, Nakamura Y, Jikei M, Matsuwaki Y, Arima M, Konno Y, Moritoki Y, Takeda M, Tanabe N, Shima H, Shiraishi Y, Hirai T, Ohta N, Takahata J, Matsubara A, Yamada T, Asano K, Miyairi I, Melo RCN, Weller PF, Ueki S. Aggregated eosinophils and neutrophils characterize the properties of mucus in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00002-2. [PMID: 38181841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway obstruction caused by viscous mucus is an important pathophysiologic characteristic of persistent inflammation, which can result in organ damage. OBJECTIVE We investigated the hypothesis that the biophysical characteristics of accumulating granulocytes affect the clinical properties of mucus. METHODS Surgically acquired nasal mucus samples from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis and neutrophil-dominant, noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis were evaluated in terms of computed tomography density, viscosity, water content, wettability, and protein composition. Isolated human eosinophils and neutrophils were stimulated to induce the formation of extracellular traps, followed by the formation of aggregates. The biophysical properties of the aggregated cells were also examined. RESULTS Mucus from patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis had significantly higher computed tomography density, viscosity, dry weight, and hydrophobicity compared to mucus from patients with noneosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. The levels of eosinophil-specific proteins in mucus correlated with its physical properties. Eosinophil and neutrophil aggregates showed physical and pathologic characteristics resembling those of mucus. Cotreatment with deoxyribonuclease and heparin, which slenderizes the structure of eosinophil extracellular traps, efficiently induced reductions in the viscosity and hydrophobicity of both eosinophil aggregates and eosinophilic mucus. CONCLUSIONS The present study elucidated the pathogenesis of mucus stasis in infiltrated granulocyte aggregates from a novel perspective. These findings may contribute to the development of treatment strategies for eosinophilic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Miyabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mineyo Fukuchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tomizawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakamura
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Jikei
- Department of Materials Science, Akita University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Misaki Arima
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasunori Konno
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritoki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masahide Takeda
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiraishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takahata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsubara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Isao Miyairi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Rossana C N Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Peter F Weller
- Divisions of Allergy and Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
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12
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Guy A, Garcia G, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Wolff-Trombini L, Josserand L, Kimmerlin Q, Favre S, Kilani B, Marty C, Boulaftali Y, Labrouche-Colomer S, Mansier O, James C. Platelets and neutrophils cooperate to induce increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation in JAK2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:172-187. [PMID: 37678548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils participate in the pathogenesis of thrombosis through the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Thrombosis is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Recent studies have shown an increase in NET formation (NETosis) both in patients with JAK2V617F neutrophils and in mouse models, and reported the participation of NETosis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in mice. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether JAK2V617F neutrophils are sufficient to promote thrombosis or whether their cooperation with other blood cell types is necessary. METHODS NETosis was studied in PF4iCre;Jak2V617F/WT mice expressing JAK2V617F in all hematopoietic lineages, as occurs in MPNs, and in MRP8Cre;Jak2V617F/WT mice in which JAK2V617F is expressed only in leukocytes. RESULTS In PF4iCre;Jak2V617F/WT mice, an increase in NETosis and spontaneous lung thrombosis abrogated by DNAse administration were observed. The absence of spontaneous NETosis or lung thrombosis in MRP8Cre;Jak2V617F/WT mice suggested that mutated neutrophils alone are not sufficient to induce thrombosis. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that JAK2V617F-mutated platelets trigger NETosis by JAK2V617F-mutated neutrophils. Aspirin treatment in PF4iCre;Jak2V617F/WT mice reduced NETosis and reduced lung thrombosis. In cytoreductive-therapy-free patients with MPN treated with aspirin, plasma NET marker concentrations were lower than that in patients with MPN not treated with aspirin. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that JAK2V617F neutrophils alone are not sufficient to promote thrombosis; rather, platelets cooperate with neutrophils to promote NETosis in vivo. A new role for aspirin in thrombosis prevention in MPNs was also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Guy
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France; Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France. https://twitter.com/Alexandreguy6
| | - Geoffrey Garcia
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France. https://twitter.com/GeofGarciaVirginie
| | - Virginie Gourdou-Latyszenok
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France. https://twitter.com/GourdouV
| | - Laura Wolff-Trombini
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France. https://twitter.com/TrombiniWolff
| | - Lara Josserand
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Quentin Kimmerlin
- Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Hematology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Favre
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Badr Kilani
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, UMR1287, University of Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- Paris Diderot University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche_S1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Labrouche-Colomer
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France; Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Olivier Mansier
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France; Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Chloé James
- University of Bordeaux, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Biologie des maladies cardio-vasculaires, U1034, Pessac, France; Laboratory of Hematology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France.
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13
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Bleakley AS, Kho S, Binks MJ, Pizzutto S, Chang AB, Beissbarth J, Minigo G, Marsh RL. Extracellular traps are evident in Romanowsky-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage from children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Respirology 2023; 28:1126-1135. [PMID: 37648649 PMCID: PMC10947271 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The importance of extracellular traps (ETs) in chronic respiratory conditions is increasingly recognized but their role in paediatric bronchiectasis is poorly understood. The specialized techniques currently required to study ETs preclude routine clinical use. A simple and cost-effective ETs detection method is needed to support diagnostic applications. We aimed to determine whether ETs could be detected using light microscopy-based assessment of Romanowsky-stained bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) slides from children with bronchiectasis, and whether the ETs cellular origin could be determined. METHODS Archived Romanowsky-stained BAL slides from a cross-sectional study of children with bronchiectasis were examined for ETs using light microscopy. The cellular origin of individual ETs was determined based on morphology and physical contact with surrounding cell(s). RESULTS ETs were observed in 78.7% (70/89) of BAL slides with neutrophil (NETs), macrophage (METs), eosinophil (EETs) and lymphocyte (LETs) ETs observed in 32.6%, 51.7%, 4.5% and 9%, respectively. ETs of indeterminate cellular origin were present in 59.6% of slides. Identifiable and indeterminate ETs were co-detected in 43.8% of slides. CONCLUSION BAL from children with bronchiectasis commonly contains multiple ET types that are detectable using Romanowsky-stained slides. While specialist techniques remain necessary to determining the cellular origin of all ETs, screening of Romanowsky-stained slides presents a cost-effective method that is well-suited to diagnostic settings. Our findings support further research to determine whether ETs can be used to define respiratory endotypes and to understand whether ETs-specific therapies may be required to resolve airway inflammation among children with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Bleakley
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Steven Kho
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Michael J. Binks
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Susan Pizzutto
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Faculty of Science and TechnologyCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Anne B. Chang
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineQueensland Children's Hospital and Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Jemima Beissbarth
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Global and Tropical Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of HealthCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Robyn L. Marsh
- Child and Maternal Health DivisionMenzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNorthern TerritoryAustralia
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of TasmaniaLauncestonTasmaniaAustralia
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14
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Oishi S, Ueda M, Yamazaki H, Tsukiji N, Shirai T, Naito Y, Endo M, Yokomori R, Sasaki T, Suzuki-Inoue K. High plasma soluble CLEC-2 level predicts oxygen therapy requirement in patients with COVID-19. Platelets 2023; 34:2244594. [PMID: 37578059 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2244594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting the clinical course and allocating limited medical resources appropriately is crucial during the COVID-19 pandemic. Platelets are involved in microthrombosis, a critical pathogenesis of COVID-19; however, the role of soluble CLEC-2 (sCLEC-2), a novel platelet activation marker, in predicting the prognosis of COVID-19 remains unexplored. We enrolled 108 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized between January 2021 and May 2022, to evaluate the clinical use of sCLEC-2 as a predictive marker. sCLEC-2 levels were measured in plasma sampled on admission, as well as interleukin-6, cell-free DNA, von Willebrand factor, and thrombomodulin. We retrospectively classified the patients into two groups - those who required oxygenation during hospitalization (oxygenated group) and those who did not (unoxygenated group) - and compared their clinical and laboratory characteristics. The correlation between sCLEC-2 and the other parameters was validated. The sCLEC-2 level was significantly higher in the oxygenated group (188.8 pg/mL vs. 296.1 pg/mL). Multivariate analysis identified high sCLEC-2 levels (odds ratio per 10 pg/mL:1.25) as an independent predictor of oxygen therapy requirement. sCLEC-2 was positively correlated with cell-free DNA, supporting the association between platelet activation and neutrophil extracellular traps. In conclusion, sCLEC-2 is a clinically valuable marker in predicting oxygen therapy requirements for patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Oishi
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Makyo Ueda
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamazaki
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nagaharu Tsukiji
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shirai
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuna Naito
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masumi Endo
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yokomori
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sasaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsue Suzuki-Inoue
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Laboratory, University of Yamanashi Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan
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15
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Huckriede JB, Beurskens DMH, Wildhagen KCCA, Reutelingsperger CPM, Wichapong K, Nicolaes GAF. Design and characterization of novel activated protein C variants for the proteolysis of cytotoxic extracellular histone H3. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3557-3567. [PMID: 37657561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular histone H3 is implicated in several pathologies including inflammation, cell death, and organ failure. Neutralization of histone H3 is a strategy that was shown beneficial in various diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, and sepsis. It was shown that activated protein C (APC) can cleave histone H3, which reduces histone cytotoxicity. However, due to the anticoagulant properties of APC, the use of APC is not optimal for the treatment of histone-mediated cytotoxicity, in view of its associated bleeding side effects. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the detailed molecular interactions between human APC and human histone H3, and subsequently use molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods to identify key interacting residues that mediate the interaction between APC and histone H3 and to generate novel optimized APC variants. METHODS After molecular simulations, the designed APC variants 3D2D-APC (Lys37-39Asp and Lys62-63Asp) and 3D2D2A-APC (Lys37-39Asp, Lys62-63Asp, and Arg74-75Ala) were recombinantly expressed and their abilities to function as anticoagulant, to bind histones, and to cleave histones were tested and correlated with their cytoprotective properties. RESULTS Compared with wild type-APC, both the 3D2D-APC and 3D2D2A-APC variants showed a significantly decreased anticoagulant activity, increased binding to histone H3, and similar ability to proteolyze histone H3. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that it is possible to rationally design APC variants that may be further developed into therapeutic biologicals to treat histone-mediated disease, by proteolytic reduction of histone-associated cytotoxic properties that do not induce an increased bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram B Huckriede
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle M H Beurskens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin C C A Wildhagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris P M Reutelingsperger
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Yalcinkaya M, Liu W, Thomas LA, Olszewska M, Xiao T, Abramowicz S, Papapetrou EP, Westerterp M, Wang N, Tabas I, Tall AR. BRCC3-Mediated NLRP3 Deubiquitylation Promotes Inflammasome Activation and Atherosclerosis in Tet2 Clonal Hematopoiesis. Circulation 2023; 148:1764-1777. [PMID: 37781816 PMCID: PMC10872582 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) has emerged as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with activation of macrophage inflammasomes as a potential underlying mechanism. The NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome has a key role in promoting atherosclerosis in mouse models of Tet2 CH, whereas inhibition of the inflammasome product interleukin-1β appeared to particularly benefit patients with TET2 CH in CANTOS (Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Study [Reduction in Recurrent Major CV Disease Events]). TET2 is an epigenetic modifier that decreases promoter methylation. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation in TET2 (Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2) deficiency and potential links with epigenetic modifications are poorly understood. METHODS We used cholesterol-loaded TET2-deficient murine and embryonic stem cell-derived isogenic human macrophages to evaluate mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and hypercholesterolemic Ldlr-/- mice modeling TET2 CH to assess the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in atherosclerosis. RESULTS Tet2 deficiency in murine macrophages acted synergistically with cholesterol loading in cell culture and with hypercholesterolemia in vivo to increase JNK1 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1) phosphorylation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanism of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) activation in TET2 deficiency was increased promoter methylation and decreased expression of the JNK-inactivating dual-specificity phosphatase Dusp10. Active Tet1-deadCas9-targeted editing of Dusp10 promoter methylation abolished cholesterol-induced inflammasome activation in Tet2-deficient macrophages. Increased JNK1 signaling led to NLRP3 deubiquitylation and activation by the deubiquitinase BRCC3 (BRCA1/BRCA2-containing complex subunit 3). Accelerated atherosclerosis and neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) in Tet2 CH mice were reversed by holomycin, a BRCC3 deubiquitinase inhibitor, and also by hematopoietic deficiency of Abro1, an essential scaffolding protein in the BRCC3-containing cytosolic complex. Human TET2-/- macrophages displayed increased JNK1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, especially after cholesterol loading, with reversal by holomycin treatment, indicating human relevance. CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolemia and TET2 deficiency converge on a common pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by JNK1 activation and BRCC3-mediated NLRP3 deubiquitylation, with potential therapeutic implications for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in TET2 CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yalcinkaya
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Wenli Liu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Leigh-Anne Thomas
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies
| | - Malgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies
| | - Tong Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Eirini P. Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Advancement of Blood Cancer Therapies
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nan Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ira Tabas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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17
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da Silva NM, Leite NPDM, Carvalho AE, Almeida VDD, Santos ÍKD, Cavalcanti JRLDP, Fernandes TAADM, Nascimento EGCD, Andrade MFD. The Role of Extracellular Traps in HIV Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023. [PMID: 37772695 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still an important public health problem, which justifies the research of new therapies to combat it. Recent studies show that Extracellular Traps (ETs) are cellular mechanisms useful in the capture and destruction of some viruses, such as the HIV. Here, we show that neutrophils from peripheral blood, genital tissues, and placenta are activated when exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). The NETs can capture, neutralize, and inactivate the virus and, also, protect other target cells from HIV infection, as long as the DNA and other constituents of the NETs remain intact. Further, the review indicates that the immunoprotective role of NETs in the context of HIV-1 infection is a promising finding for the development of new antiviral therapies. It is necessary, however, the development of studies that evaluate the tissue injury that NETs can cause and the biological relationships with other cells to improve them as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanias Macson da Silva
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Estevam Carvalho
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Valéria Duarte de Almeida
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Ísis Kelly Dos Santos
- Department of Physical Education, School of Physical Education, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - José Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva Cavalcanti
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Thales Allyrio Araújo de Medeiros Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Ellany Gurgel Cosme do Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
| | - Micássio Fernandes de Andrade
- Graduate Program in Health and Society, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Mossoro, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid, Mossoro, Brazil
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18
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Yang M, Zhou X, Pearce SW, Yang Z, Chen Q, Niu K, Liu C, Luo J, Li D, Shao Y, Zhang C, Chen D, Wu Q, Cutillas PR, Zhao L, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Causal Role for Neutrophil Elastase in Thoracic Aortic Dissection in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1900-1920. [PMID: 37589142 PMCID: PMC10521802 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening aortic disease without effective medical treatment. Increasing evidence has suggested a role for NE (neutrophil elastase) in vascular diseases. In this study, we aimed at investigating a causal role for NE in TAD and exploring the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate was administrated in mice to induce TAD. NE deficiency mice, pharmacological inhibitor GW311616A, and adeno-associated virus-2-mediated in vivo gene transfer were applied to explore a causal role for NE and associated target gene in TAD formation. Multiple functional assays and biochemical analyses were conducted to unravel the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of NE in TAD. RESULTS NE aortic gene expression and plasma activity was significantly increased during β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced TAD and in patients with acute TAD. NE deficiency prevents β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate-induced TAD onset/development, and GW311616A administration ameliorated TAD formation/progression. Decreased levels of neutrophil extracellular traps, inflammatory cells, and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2/9 were observed in NE-deficient mice. TBL1x (F-box-like/WD repeat-containing protein TBL1x) has been identified as a novel substrate and functional downstream target of NE in TAD. Loss-of-function studies revealed that NE mediated inflammatory cell transendothelial migration by modulating TBL1x-LTA4H (leukotriene A4 hydrolase) signaling and that NE regulated smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation under TAD pathological condition by regulating TBL1x-MECP2 (methyl CpG-binding protein 2) signal axis. Further mechanistic studies showed that TBL1x inhibition decreased the binding of TBL1x and HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) to MECP2 and LTA4H gene promoters, respectively. Finally, adeno-associated virus-2-mediated Tbl1x gene knockdown in aortic smooth muscle cells confirmed a regulatory role for TBL1x in NE-mediated TAD formation. CONCLUSIONS We unravel a critical role of NE and its target TBL1x in regulating inflammatory cell migration and smooth muscle cell phenotype modulation in the context of TAD. Our findings suggest that the NE-TBL1x signal axis represents a valuable therapeutic for treating high-risk TAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinmiao Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (X.Z.)
| | - Stuart W.A. Pearce
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhisheng Yang
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
| | - Kaiyuan Niu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenxin Liu
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.L., L. Zhao)
| | - Yue Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Qingchen Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (J.L., Y.S., C.Z., D.C., Q.W.)
| | - Pedro R. Cutillas
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute (P.R.C.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (D.L., L. Zhao)
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute (M.Y., X.Z., S.W.A.P., Z.Y., K.N., C.L., Q.X.), Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China (Q.X.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China (M.Y., Q.C., D.L., L. Zhang)
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19
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Carnevale R, Leopizzi M, Dominici M, d'Amati G, Bartimoccia S, Nocella C, Cammisotto V, D'Amico A, Castellani V, Baratta F, Bertelli A, Arrivi A, Toni D, De Michele M, Pignatelli P, Marcucci R, Violi F. PAD4-Induced NETosis Via Cathepsin G-Mediated Platelet-Neutrophil Interaction in ChAdOx1 Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:e396-e403. [PMID: 37586040 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare syndrome characterized by platelet anti-PF4 (platelet-activating antiplatelet factor 4)-related thrombosis. Platelet-neutrophil interaction has been suggested to play a role, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS The study included 10 patients with VITT after ChAdOx1 (chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford 1) nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine administration, 10 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), 10 patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, and 10 control subjects in whom blood levels of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), soluble TF (tissue factor), and thrombin generation were examined. Furthermore, we performed in vitro studies comparing the effect of serum from patients and controls on NETs formation. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed in cerebral thrombi retrieved from a patients with VITT and 3 patients with IS. RESULTS Compared with patients with IS, patients with deep vein thrombosis, controls, and patients with VITT had significantly higher blood values of CitH3 (citrullinated histone H3), soluble TF, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (P<0.0001). Blood CitH3 significantly correlated with blood soluble TF (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.7295; P=0.0206) and prothrombin fragment 1+2 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient=0.6809; P<0.0350) in patients with VITT. Platelet-neutrophil mixture added with VITT plasma resulted in higher NETs formation, soluble TF and thrombin generation, and platelet-dependent thrombus growth under laminar flow compared with IS and deep vein thrombosis plasma; these effects were blunted by PAD4 (protein arginine deiminase 4) and cathepsin G inhibitors, anti-FcγRIIa (Fc receptor for IgG class IIa), and high doses of heparin. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a more marked expression of PAD4 along with more diffuse neutrophil infiltration and NETs formation as well as TF and cathepsin expression in VITT thrombus compared with thrombi from patients with IS. CONCLUSIONS Patients with VITT display enhanced thrombogenesis by PAD4-mediated NETs formation via cathepsin G-mediated platelet/neutrophil interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS), Italy (R.C.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
| | - Marcello Dominici
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy (M.D., A.A.)
| | - Giulia d'Amati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (G.d.A.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, Latina, Italy (R.C., M.L., A.D.A.)
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (V. Castellani)
| | - Francesco Baratta
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
| | - Alessia Bertelli
- Atherothrombotic Disease Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Italy (A.B., R.M.)
| | - Alessio Arrivi
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Santa Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy (M.D., A.A.)
| | - Danilo Toni
- Emergency Department, Stroke Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (D.T.)
| | - Manuela De Michele
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (M.D.M.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, Naples, Italy (P.P., F.V.)
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Atherothrombotic Disease Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Italy (A.B., R.M.)
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anaesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (S.B., C.N., V. Cammisotto, F.B., P.P., F.V.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro-Napoli, Via Orazio, Naples, Italy (P.P., F.V.)
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20
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Negri EM, Benchimol M, Mauad T, Duarte-Neto AN, Gottardi M, da Silva LFF, Saldiva PHN, Dolhnikoff M, Souza WD, Garcia Caldini E. Ultrastructural characterization of alveolar microvascular damage in severe COVID-19 respiratory failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:950-955. [PMID: 37675474 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00424.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key phenomenon in COVID-19, induced by direct viral endothelial infection and secondary inflammation, mainly affecting the microvascular circulation. However, few studies described the subcellular aspects of the lung microvasculature and the associated thrombotic phenomena, which are widely present in severe COVID-19 cases. To that end, in this transversal observational study we performed transmission and scanning electron microscopy in nine lung samples of patients who died due to COVID-19, obtained via minimally invasive autopsies in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2020. All patients died due to acute respiratory failure and had microvascular thrombosis at histology. Electron microscopy revealed areas of endothelial damage with basal lamina disruption and virus infection in endothelial cells. In the capillary lumens, the ultrastructure of the thrombi is depicted, with red blood cells stacking, dysmorphism and hemolysis, fibrin meshworks, and extracellular traps. Our description illustrates the complex pathophysiology of microvascular thrombosis at the cellular level, which leads to some of the peculiar characteristics of severe COVID-19.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, electron microscopy was used to explain the pathophysiology of respiratory failure in severe COVID-19. Before the advent of vaccination, as the virus entered the respiratory system, it rapidly progressed to the alveolar capillary network and, before causing exudative alveolar edema, it caused mainly thrombosis of the pulmonary microcirculation with preserved lung compliance explaining "happy hypoxia." Timing of anticoagulation is of pivotal importance in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnara Marcia Negri
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlene Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amaro Nunes Duarte-Neto
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Gottardi
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Bourcier CH, Michel-Flutot P, Emam L, Adam L, Gasser A, Vinit S, Mansart A. ß1-adrenergic blockers preserve neuromuscular function by inhibiting the production of extracellular traps during systemic inflammation in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228374. [PMID: 37809074 PMCID: PMC10556451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe inflammation via innate immune system activation causes organ dysfunction. Among these, the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly affected by encephalopathies. These symptoms are associated with the activation of microglia and a potential infiltration of leukocytes. These immune cells have recently been discovered to have the ability to produce extracellular traps (ETs). While these components capture and destroy pathogens, deleterious effects occur such as reduced neuronal excitability correlated with excessive ETs production. In this study, the objectives were to determine (1) whether immune cells form ETs in the CNS during acute inflammation (2) whether ETs produce neuromuscular disorders and (3) whether an immunomodulatory treatment such as β1-adrenergic blockers limits these effects. We observed an infiltration of neutrophils in the CNS, an activation of microglia and a production of ETs following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. Atenolol, a β1-adrenergic blocker, significantly decreased the production of ETs in both microglia and neutrophils. This treatment also preserved the gastrocnemius motoneuron excitability. Similar results were observed when the production of ETs was prevented by sivelestat, an inhibitor of ET formation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that LPS administration increases neutrophils infiltration into the CNS, activates immune cells and produces ETs that directly impair neuromuscular function. Prevention of ETs formation by β1-adrenergic blockers partly restores this function and could be a good target in order to reduce adverse effects in severe inflammation such as sepsis but also in other motor related pathologies linked to ETs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille H. Bourcier
- END-ICAP, INSERM U1179, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | | | - Laila Emam
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Lucille Adam
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Adeline Gasser
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- END-ICAP, INSERM U1179, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Arnaud Mansart
- Infection et Inflammation (2I), INSERM U1173, UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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22
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Vorobjeva NV, Chelombitko MA, Sud’ina GF, Zinovkin RA, Chernyak BV. Role of Mitochondria in the Regulation of Effector Functions of Granulocytes. Cells 2023; 12:2210. [PMID: 37759432 PMCID: PMC10526294 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) are the most abundant circulating cells in the innate immune system. Circulating granulocytes, primarily neutrophils, can cross the endothelial barrier and activate various effector mechanisms to combat invasive pathogens. Eosinophils and basophils also play an important role in allergic reactions and antiparasitic defense. Granulocytes also regulate the immune response, wound healing, and tissue repair by releasing of various cytokines and lipid mediators. The effector mechanisms of granulocytes include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), degranulation, phagocytosis, and the formation of DNA-containing extracellular traps. Although all granulocytes are primarily glycolytic and have only a small number of mitochondria, a growing body of evidence suggests that mitochondria are involved in all effector functions as well as in the production of cytokines and lipid mediators and in apoptosis. It has been shown that the production of mitochondrial ROS controls signaling pathways that mediate the activation of granulocytes by various stimuli. In this review, we will briefly discuss the data on the role of mitochondria in the regulation of effector and other functions of granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina V. Vorobjeva
- Department Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria A. Chelombitko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
- The Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
- The Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.C.); (R.A.Z.)
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23
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Krinsky N, Sizikov S, Nissim S, Dror A, Sas A, Prinz H, Pri-Or E, Perek S, Raz-Pasteur A, Lejbkowicz I, Cohen-Matsliah SI, Almog R, Chen N, Kurd R, Jarjou'i A, Rokach A, Ben-Chetrit E, Schroeder A, Caulin AF, Yost CC, Schiffman JD, Goldfeder M, Martinod K. NETosis induction reflects COVID-19 severity and long COVID: insights from a 2-center patient cohort study in Israel. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2569-2584. [PMID: 37054916 PMCID: PMC10088279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 severity and its late complications continue to be poorly understood. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) form in acute COVID-19, likely contributing to morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated immunothrombosis markers in a comprehensive cohort of acute and recovered COVID-19 patients, including the association of NETs with long COVID. METHODS One-hundred-seventy-seven patients were recruited from clinical cohorts at 2 Israeli centers: acute COVID-19 (mild/moderate, severe/critical), convalescent COVID-19 (recovered and long COVID), along with 54 non-COVID controls. Plasma was examined for markers of platelet activation, coagulation, and NETs. Ex vivo NETosis induction capability was evaluated after neutrophil incubation with patient plasma. RESULTS Soluble P-selectin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, and platelet factor 4 were significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19 versus controls. Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complex levels were increased only in severe COVID-19 and did not differentiate between COVID-19 severities or correlate with thrombotic markers. NETosis induction levels strongly correlated with illness severity/duration, platelet activation markers, and coagulation factors, and were significantly reduced upon dexamethasone treatment and recovery. Patients with long COVID maintained higher NETosis induction, but not NET fragments, compared to recovered convalescent patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased NETosis induction can be detected in patients with long COVID. NETosis induction appears to be a more sensitive NET measurement than MPO-DNA levels in COVID-19, differentiating between disease severity and patients with long COVID. Ongoing NETosis induction capability in long COVID may provide insights into pathogenesis and serve as a surrogate marker for persistent pathology. This study emphasizes the need to explore neutrophil-targeted therapies in acute and chronic COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adi Dror
- Peel Therapeutics Israel, Ltd, Nesher, Israel
| | - Anna Sas
- Peel Therapeutics Israel, Ltd, Nesher, Israel
| | | | | | - Shay Perek
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Raz-Pasteur
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Izabella Lejbkowicz
- Epidemiology Department and Biobank, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Almog
- Epidemiology Department and Biobank, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nikanor Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ramzi Kurd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Jarjou'i
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Rokach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | - Christian Con Yost
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua D Schiffman
- Peel Therapeutics, Inc, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | | | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Omar M, Abdelal H. NETosis in Parasitic Infections: A Puzzle That Remains Unsolved. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108975. [PMID: 37240321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the key players in the innate immune system, being weaponized with numerous strategies to eliminate pathogens. The production of extracellular traps is one of the effector mechanisms operated by neutrophils in a process called NETosis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are complex webs of extracellular DNA studded with histones and cytoplasmic granular proteins. Since their first description in 2004, NETs have been widely investigated in different infectious processes. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi have been shown to induce the generation of NETs. Knowledge is only beginning to emerge about the participation of DNA webs in the host's battle against parasitic infections. Referring to helminthic infections, we ought to look beyond the scope of confining the roles of NETs solely to parasitic ensnarement or immobilization. Hence, this review provides detailed insights into the less-explored activities of NETs against invading helminths. In addition, most of the studies that have addressed the implications of NETs in protozoan infections have chiefly focused on their protective side, either through trapping or killing. Challenging this belief, we propose several limitations regarding protozoan-NETs interaction. One of many is the duality in the functional responses of NETs, in which both the positive and pathological aspects seem to be closely intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Omar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdelal
- LIS: Cross-National Data Center, Maison des Sciences Humaines, Esch-Belval, L-4366 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Cui Y, Xiao Q, Yuan Y, Zhuang Y, Hao W, Jiang J, Meng Q, Wei X. 1,4-Naphthoquinone-Coated Black Carbon, a Kind of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter, Affects Macrophage Fate: New Insights into Crosstalk between Necroptosis and Macrophage Extracellular Traps. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6095-6107. [PMID: 37018376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Naphthoquinone-coated BC (1,4 NQ-BC) is an important component of PM2.5 and a representative secondary particle. However, there is no research on the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and macrophage extracellular traps (METs) after 1,4 NQ-BC exposure. In this study, we treated RAW264.7 cells with 50, 100, and 200 mg/L 1,4 NQ-BC for 24 h, with 10 μM necrostatin-1 for 24 h, and with 2.5 μM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 3 h. Our experiment revealed that under normal physiological conditions, when macrophages receive external stimuli (such as pathogens; in this experiment, PMA), they will form METs and capture and kill pathogens, thus exerting innate immune function. However, exposure to 1,4 NQ-BC can cause necroptosis in macrophages, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic calcium ions, as well as the expression disorder of inflammatory factors and chemokines, prevent the formation of METs, lead to loss of the function of capturing and killing pathogens, and weaken the innate immune function. Notably, inhibition of necroptosis restored the formation of METs, indicating that necroptosis inhibited the formation of METs. Our study was the first to explore the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and METs. This experiment will enrich the mechanism of macrophage injury caused by 1,4 NQ-BC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuese Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Zhuang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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Qin K, Jiang S, Xu H, Yuan Z, Sun L. Pyroptotic gasdermin exists in Mollusca and is vital to eliminating bacterial infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112414. [PMID: 37074912 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin (GSDM) is a family of proteins that execute pyroptosis in vertebrate. In invertebrate, pyroptotic GSDM was documented only in coral. Recent studies identified abundant GSDM structural homologs in Mollusca, but their functions are unclear. Herein, we report a functional GSDM from Pacific abalone Haliotis discus (HdGSDME). HdGSDME is specifically activated by abalone caspase 3 (HdCASP3) cleavage at two distinct sites, generating two active isoforms with pyroptotic and cytotoxic activities. HdGSDME possesses evolutionarily conserved residues that proved to be essential to the N-terminal pore-formation and C-terminal auto-inhibition capacities. Bacterial challenge activates the HdCASP3-HdGSDME pathway and induces pyroptosis and extracellular traps in abalone. Blockage of the HdCASP3-HdGSDME axis promotes bacterial invasion and host mortality. Collectively, this study reveals the existence of functionally conserved and yet distinct-featured GSDM in Mollusca and provides insights into the function and evolution of invertebrate GSDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Qin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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27
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Fong VM, Wells LA. Copolymer functional groups modulate extracellular trap accumulation and inflammatory markers in HL60 and murine neutrophils. Biomed Mater 2023; 18. [PMID: 36787640 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acbc00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Undesirable host responses to implants commonly lead to impaired device function. As the first immune cell to respond to inflammation, activated neutrophils release antimicrobials and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that prime microenvironments for macrophages and other infiltrating cells. This research aims to understand how functional groups in copolymers of isodecyl acrylate (IDA) that are known to modulate healing in vivo, modulate neutrophil cells. Phorbol myristate acetate-activated HL60 cells and bone marrow-derived murine neutrophils (BMDN) were incubated with coatings of IDA copolymerized with, methacrylic acid (MAA films), methyl methacrylate (MM films), or MM functionalized with hexamethylenediamine (HMD films). Cells incubated on HMD films resulted in increased accumulation of NETs at the film's surface in comparison to other copolymers because of increased adhesion of HL60 onto HMD films or increased rates of NETosis from BMDN. Overall, lower inflammation was observed with cells on MAA films. HL60 cells had no increase in classical inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and ICAM-1, whereas HL60 on HMD films had increases in these same markers. Taken together, these studies give important insights into how neutrophils interact differently with functionalized copolymers and the proteins that adsorb to them, with MAA (carboxyl groups) leading to behavior associated with lower inflammation and HMD (amine groups) with higher inflammation and accumulation of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Fong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division St. Room 201, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, CANADA
| | - Laura A Wells
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division Street Room 201, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, CANADA
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28
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Meyers S, Lox M, Kraisin S, Liesenborghs L, Martens CP, Frederix L, Van Bruggen S, Crescente M, Missiakas D, Baatsen P, Vanassche T, Verhamme P, Martinod K. Neutrophils Protect Against Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis Progression Independent of Extracellular Trap Release. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:267-285. [PMID: 36453281 PMCID: PMC9869964 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterized by an infected thrombus at the heart valves. How bacteria bypass the immune system and cause these thrombi remains unclear. Neutrophils releasing NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps) lie at this interface between host defense and coagulation. We aimed to determine the role of NETs in IE immunothrombosis. METHODS We used a murine model of Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis in which IE is provoked on inflamed heart valves and characterized IE thrombus content by immunostaining identifying NETs. Antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion and neutrophil-selective PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4)-knockout mice were used to clarify the role of neutrophils and NETs, respectively. S. aureus mutants deficient in key virulence factors related to immunothrombosis (nucleases or staphylocoagulases) were investigated. RESULTS Neutrophils releasing NETs were present in infected thrombi and within cellular infiltrates in the surrounding vasculature. Neutrophil depletion increased occurrence of IE, whereas neutrophil-selective impairment of NET formation did not alter IE occurrence. Absence of S. aureus nuclease, which degrades NETs, did not affect endocarditis outcome. In contrast, absence of staphylocoagulases (coagulase and von Willebrand factor binding protein) led to improved survival, decreased bacteremia, smaller infiltrates, and decreased tissue destruction. Significantly more NETs were present in these vegetations, which correlated with decreased bacteria and cell death in the adjacent vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS Neutrophils protect against IE independent of NET release. Absence of S. aureus coagulases, but not nucleases, reduced IE severity and increased NET levels. Staphylocoagulase-induced fibrin likely hampers NETs from constraining infection and the resultant tissue damage, a hallmark of valve destruction in IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severien Meyers
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Lox
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sirima Kraisin
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurens Liesenborghs
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline P. Martens
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Frederix
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Bruggen
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marilena Crescente
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom (M.C.)
| | | | - Pieter Baatsen
- Electron Microscopy-Platform of the VIB Bio Imaging Core and VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research (P.B.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanassche
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Verhamme
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S.M., M.L., S.K., L.L., C.P.M., L.F., S.V.B., T.V., P.V., K.M.), KU Leuven, Belgium
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Thomassen MCLGD, Bouwens BRC, Wichapong K, Suylen DP, Bouwman FG, Hackeng TM, Koenen RR. Protein arginine deiminase 4 inactivates tissue factor pathway inhibitor-alpha by enzymatic modification of functional arginine residues. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:1214-1226. [PMID: 36716968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an important regulator of coagulation and a link between inflammation and thrombosis. During thrombotic events, TFPI is proteolytically inactivated by neutrophil elastase while bound to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyzes the conversion of arginine to citrulline and is crucial for NET formation. OBJECTIVES Here, we show that PAD4 inactivates full-length TFPIα by citrullination of its functional arginines. METHODS Citrullination of TFPIα and of TFPI-constructs by PAD4 was studied using western blotting and mass spectrometry. Binding of TFPIα to PAD4 was investigated using a solid-phase assay. Functional consequences were investigated by factor Xa inhibition and thrombin generation assays. RESULTS Nanomolar PAD4 amounts eliminated factor Xa inhibition by TFPIα. A citrullinated mutant Kunitz 2 domain did not inhibit factor Xa. Citrullination of TFPIα was found to be time- and concentration-dependent. Immunoprecipitation of citrullinated proteins from whole blood after neutrophil activation suggested the presence of TFPIα. Negatively charged phospholipids inhibited citrullination and truncated variants K1K2 and TFPI 1-161, and the isolated K2 domain were less efficiently citrullinated by PAD4. TFPIα bound to PAD4 with nanomolar affinity and involved the basic C-terminus. Thrombin generation in TFPI-deficient plasma demonstrated reduced anticoagulant activity of citrullinated TFPI. Mass spectrometry demonstrated citrullination of surface-exposed arginine residues in TFPIα after incubation with PAD4. CONCLUSION Full-length TFPIα is sensitive to citrullination by PAD4, which causes loss of factor Xa inhibition. This process may play a role in the increased thrombosis risk associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Christella L G D Thomassen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Bryan R C Bouwens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis P Suylen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
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30
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Gan Q, Chi H, Dalmo RA, Meng X, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Characterization of myeloperoxidase and its contribution to antimicrobial effect on extracellular traps in flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124813. [PMID: 36776890 PMCID: PMC9908613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a cationic leukocyte haloperoxidase and together with other proteins, they possess activities against various microorganisms and are involved in extracellular trap (ET) formation. The present work describes the gene and deduced protein sequences, and functions of MPO in flounder (PoMPO). The PoMPO possesses a 2313 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a protein of 770 amino acids. The highest PoMPO mRNA expression levels were found in the head kidney, followed by peritoneal cells, gill, spleen, skin, muscle, and liver. PoMPO was expressed in MHCII+ and GCSFR+ cells which indicated that PoMPO mainly is expressed in flounder macrophages and granulocytes. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal leukocytes showed an increased protein level of PoMPO while it seemed that LPS also promoted the migration of MPO+ cells from the head kidney into the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity. After phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or bacterial stimulation, flounder leukocytes produced typical ET structures containing DNA with decoration by MPO. The ETs containing DNA and PoMPO effectively inhibited the proliferation of ET-trapped bacteria. Blocking PoMPO with antibodies decreased the enzymatic activity, which attenuated the antibacterial activity of ETs. This study pinpoints the involvement of ETs in flounder innate responses to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Gan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Heng Chi,
| | - Roy Ambli Dalmo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Gi (魏 峻洸) T, Kuwahara (桑原 彩) A, Yamashita (山下 篤) A, Matsuda (松田 俊太郎) S, Maekawa (前川 和也) K, Moriguchi-Goto (盛口 淸香) S, Sato (佐藤 勇一郎) Y, Asada (浅田 祐士郎) Y. Histopathological Features of Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism: Presence of Intrathrombus Cancer Cells and Prothrombotic Factors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:146-159. [PMID: 36384269 PMCID: PMC9762717 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a critical complication in patients with cancer. However, the pathological findings of VTE are limited. Here, we investigated the histopathological features of cancer-associated VTE in human autopsy cases. METHODS We clinically examined the autopsy cases of VTE with (n=114) and without cancer (n=66) and immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of prothrombotic factors in intrathrombus cancer cells, the thrombus contents of erythrocytes, fibrin, platelets, citrullinated histone H3, and degree of organization. RESULTS Vascular wall invasion or small cell clusters of cancer cells was observed in thrombi in 27.5% of deep vein thrombosis and 25.9% of pulmonary embolism cases. The majority of the cancer cells in deep vein thrombi appeared to be invading the vessel wall, whereas the majority of pulmonary thrombi had cancer cell clusters, consistent with embolization via blood flow. These cancer cells were immunohistochemically positive for TF (tissue factors) or podoplanin in up to 88% of VTE cases. The frequency of TF-positive monocyte/macrophages in thrombi was higher in cancer-associated VTE than that in VTE without cancer. Citrullinated histone H3 was predominantly observed in the early stages of organizing thrombi. There was no significant difference in thrombus components between VTE with cancer and without cancer groups. CONCLUSIONS Vascular wall invasion or cancer cell clusters in thrombi might influence thrombogenesis of cancer-associated VTE. TF and podoplanin in cancer cells and in monocyte/macrophages may induce coagulation reactions and platelet aggregation. Neutrophil extracellular traps may play a role in the early stages of VTE, regardless of cancer status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Gi (魏 峻洸)
- Department of Pathology (T.G., A.Y., K.M., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Kuwahara (桑原 彩)
- Department of Laboratory Center (A.K.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamashita (山下 篤)
- Department of Pathology (T.G., A.Y., K.M., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Matsuda (松田 俊太郎)
- Department of Medicine and Community Health (S.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Maekawa (前川 和也)
- Department of Pathology (T.G., A.Y., K.M., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Moriguchi-Goto (盛口 淸香)
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology‚ University of Miyazaki Hospital (S.M.-G., Y.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Sato (佐藤 勇一郎)
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology‚ University of Miyazaki Hospital (S.M.-G., Y.S.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada (浅田 祐士郎)
- Department of Pathology (T.G., A.Y., K.M., Y.A.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan
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Wirkner A, Vogelgesang A, Hegge I, Lange A, Olbertz DM, Gerber B, Heckmann M, Ruhnau J. Preterm ETs Are Significantly Reduced Compared with Adults and Partially Reduced Compared with Term Infants. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9101522. [PMID: 36291458 PMCID: PMC9600659 DOI: 10.3390/children9101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The release of DNA by cells during extracellular trap (ET) formation is a defense function of neutrophils and monocytes. Neutrophil ET (NET) formation in term infants is reduced compared to adults. Objective: The aim was to quantify NET and monocyte ET (MET) release and the respective key enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) in preterm infants. In this prospective explorative study, ET induction was stimulated by N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in the cord blood of preterm infants (n = 55, 23-36 weeks) compared to term infants and adults. METs were quantified by microscopy, and NETs by microscopy and flow cytometry. We also determined the MPO levels within NETs and the intracellular concentrations of NE and MPO in neutrophils. The percentage of neutrophils releasing ET was significantly reduced for preterm infants compared to adults for all stimulants, and with a 68% further reduction for PMA compared to term infants (p = 0.0141). The NET area was not reduced except for when fMLP was administered. The amount of MPO in NET-producing cells was reduced in preterm infants compared to term infants. For preterm infants, but not term infants, the percentage of monocytes releasing ETs was significantly reduced compared to healthy adults for LTA and LPS stimulation. Conclusion: In preterm infants, ETs are measurable parts of the innate immune system, but are released in a reduced percentage of cells compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aila Wirkner
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Antje Vogelgesang
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ines Hegge
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anja Lange
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Manfred Olbertz
- Department of Neonatology, South Clinic, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, South Clinic, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Heckmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Ruhnau
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Krishnan J, de la Visitación N, Hennen EM, Amarnath V, Harrison DG, Patrick DM. IsoLGs (Isolevuglandins) Drive Neutrophil Migration in Hypertension and Are Essential for the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. Hypertension 2022; 79:1644-1655. [PMID: 35686559 PMCID: PMC9308685 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IsoLGs (isolevuglandins) are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation formed in the presence of reactive oxygen species. IsoLGs contribute to hypertension by an unknown mechanism. Studies have shown that reactive oxygen species production drives the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and that NETs accumulate within the aorta and kidneys of patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NET formation (NETosis) in hypertension. METHODS Mice were treated with Ang II (angiotensin II) and the specific isoLG scavenger 2-hydroxybenzylamine and examined for tissue neutrophil and NET accumulation by single-cell sequencing and flow cytometry. Isolated human neutrophils were studied to determine the role of isoLGs in NETosis and neutrophil chromatin expansion by immunofluorescence and live cell confocal microscopy. RESULTS Single-cell sequencing performed on sham, Ang II, and Ang II+2-hydroxybenzylamine treated mice revealed neutrophils as a primary target of 2-hydroxybenzylamine. Peripheral neutrophil migration, aortic NET accumulation, and renal NET accumulation is blocked with 2-hydroxybenzylamine treatment. In isolated human neutrophils, isoLGs accumulate during NETosis and scavenging of isoLGs prevents NETosis. IsoLGs drive neutrophil chromatin expansion during NETosis and disrupt nucleosome structure. CONCLUSIONS These observations identified a critical role of isoLGs in neutrophil migration and NETosis in hypertension and provide a potential therapy for NET-associated diseases including hypertension and associated end organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Néstor de la Visitación
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - David M Patrick
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.K., N.d.l.V., V.A., D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.G.H., D.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN (D.M.P.)
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Czajkowska S, Rupa-Matysek J, Wojtasińska E, Nijakowski K, Gil L, Surdacka A, Kulczyk T. Potential Biochemical Markers and Radiomorphometric Indices as Predictors of Reduced Bone Mass in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123391. [PMID: 35743462 PMCID: PMC9224603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate radiomorphometric indices derived from panoramic X-rays and selected blood markers of bone turnover and neutrophil extracellular traps, with a view to identifying hemophilic patients at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: The study consisted of 50 adult men with hemophilia A and B (mild, moderate, and severe). The control group consisted of 25 healthy adult men. In both groups, blood samples were collected to determine concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (CH3) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) with ELISA tests, and panoramic X-rays were obtained. Images were imported into AudaXCeph software to calculate two radiomorphometric indices: mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Concentrations of BGLAP and CH3 were compared with MI and PMI values in patients with and without hemophilia. Results: There were statistically significant differences in BGLAP, CH3, and PMI between the study and the control group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a predictive value for PMI, BGLAP, and CH3.The ROC curve with cutoff point (Youden index) at 0.40—PMI was calculated. No correlation was observed for the PMI index in any particular subgroup of patients. No correlation between MI and BGLAP/CH3 was observed. Conclusions: Simultaneous use of PMI value and BGLAP and CH3 levels may allow the identification of patients with hemophilia who requirea detailed diagnosis of osteoporosis with DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Czajkowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Joanna Rupa-Matysek
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Ewelina Wojtasińska
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomasz Kulczyk
- Department of Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Witsch J, Spalart V, Martinod K, Schneider H, Oertel J, Geisel J, Hendrix P, Hemmer S. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Crit Care Explor 2022; 4:e0692. [PMID: 35620772 PMCID: PMC9116951 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes, biomarkers of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), have been associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. Their role in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To assess whether serum MPO-DNA complexes are present in patients with aSAH and whether they are associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). DESIGN SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Post-hoc analysis of a prospective, observational single-center study, with de novo serum biomarker measurements in consecutive patients with aSAH between July 2018 and September 2020, admitted to a tertiary care neuroscience ICU. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES We analyzed serum obtained at admission and hospital day 4 for concentrations of MPO-DNA complexes. The primary outcome was DCI, defined as new infarction on brain CT. The secondary outcome was clinical vasospasm, a composite of clinical and transcranial Doppler parameters. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank-test to assess for differences between paired measures. RESULTS Among 100 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage, mean age 59 years (sd ± 13 yr), 55% women, 78 had confirmed aSAH. Among these, 29 (37%) developed DCI. MPO-DNA complexes were detected in all samples. The median MPO-DNA level was 33 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 18-43 ng/mL) at admission, and 22 ng/mL (IQR, 11-31 ng/mL) on day 4 (unpaired test; p = 0.015). We found a significant reduction in MPO-DNA levels from admission to day 4 in patients with DCI (paired test; p = 0.036) but not in those without DCI (p = 0.17). There was a similar reduction in MPO-DNA levels between admission and day 4 in patients with (p = 0.006) but not in those without clinical vasospasm (p = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This is the first study to detect the NET biomarkers MPO-DNA complexes in peripheral serum of patients with aSAH and to associate them with DCI. A pronounced reduction in MPO-DNA levels might serve as an early marker of DCI. This diagnostic potential of MPO-DNA complexes and their role as potential therapeutic targets in aSAH should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Witsch
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Valérie Spalart
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Martinod
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hauke Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jürgen Geisel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Philipp Hendrix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sina Hemmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Huang SUS, O’Sullivan KM. The Expanding Role of Extracellular Traps in Inflammation and Autoimmunity: The New Players in Casting Dark Webs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073793. [PMID: 35409152 PMCID: PMC8998317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The first description of a new form of neutrophil cell death distinct from that of apoptosis or necrosis was discovered in 2004 and coined neutrophil extracellular traps "(NETs)" or "NETosis". Different stimuli for NET formation, and pathways that drive neutrophils to commit to NETosis have been elucidated in the years that followed. Critical enzymes required for NET formation have been discovered and targeted therapeutically. NET formation is no longer restricted to neutrophils but has been discovered in other innate cells: macrophages/monocytes, mast Cells, basophils, dendritic cells, and eosinophils. Furthermore, extracellular DNA can also be extruded from both B and T cells. It has become clear that although this mechanism is thought to enhance host defense by ensnaring bacteria within large webs of DNA to increase bactericidal killing capacity, it is also injurious to innocent bystander tissue. Proteases and enzymes released from extracellular traps (ETs), injure epithelial and endothelial cells perpetuating inflammation. In the context of autoimmunity, ETs release over 70 well-known autoantigens. ETs are associated with pathology in multiple diseases: lung diseases, vasculitis, autoimmune kidney diseases, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and psoriasis. Defining these pathways that drive ET release will provide insight into mechanisms of pathological insult and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Lee Y, Reilly B, Tan C, Wang P, Aziz M. Extracellular CIRP Induces Macrophage Extracellular Trap Formation Via Gasdermin D Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780210. [PMID: 35003095 PMCID: PMC8732379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern promoting inflammation and tissue injury. During bacterial or viral infection, macrophages release DNA decorated with nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins known as macrophage extracellular traps (METs). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming protein that has been involved in extracellular trap formation in neutrophils. We hypothesized that eCIRP induces MET formation by activating GSDMD. Human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and treated with recombinant murine (rm) CIRP. The MET formation was detected by three methods: time-lapse fluorescence microscopy (video imaging), colorimetry, and ELISA. Cleaved forms of GSDMD, and caspase-1 were detected by Western blotting. Treatment of THP-1 cells with rmCIRP increased MET formation as revealed by SYTOX Orange Staining assay in a time- and dose-dependent manner. METs formed by rmCIRP stimulation were further confirmed by extracellular DNA, citrullinated histone H3, and myeloperoxidase. Treatment of THP-1 cells with rmCIRP significantly increased the cleaved forms of caspase-1 and GSDMD compared to PBS-treated cells. Treatment of macrophages with caspase-1, and GSDMD inhibitors z-VAD-fmk, and disulfiram, separately, significantly decreased rmCIRP-induced MET formation. We also confirmed rmCIRP-induced MET formation using primary cells murine peritoneal macrophages. These data clearly show that eCIRP serves as a novel inducer of MET formation through the activation of GSDMD and caspase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchan Lee
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Bridgette Reilly
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Chuyi Tan
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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Abstract
Classically, platelets have been described as the cellular blood component that mediates hemostasis and thrombosis. This important platelet function has received significant research attention for >150 years. The immune cell functions of platelets are much less appreciated. Platelets interact with and activate cells of all branches of immunity in response to pathogen exposures and infection, as well as in response to sterile tissue injury. In this review, we focus on innate immune mechanisms of platelet activation, platelet interactions with innate immune cells, as well as the intersection of platelets and adaptive immunity. The immune potential of platelets is dependent in part on their megakaryocyte precursor providing them with the molecular composition to be first responders and immune sentinels in initiating and orchestrating coordinated pathogen immune responses. There is emerging evidence that extramedullary megakaryocytes may be immune differentiated compared with bone marrow megakaryocytes, but the physiological relevance of immunophenotypic differences are just beginning to be explored. These concepts are also discussed in this review. The immune functions of the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage have likely evolved to coordinate the need to repair a vascular breach with the simultaneous need to induce an immune response that may limit pathogen invasion once the blood is exposed to an external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605,Correspondence:Milka Koupenova, PhD, UMass Chan Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 368 Plantation St, AS7-1041, Worcester, MA 01605, phone: 774-455-6646, , Craig N. Morrell, DVM, PhD, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, phone: 585-276-7693,
| | - Alison Livada
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642,Correspondence:Milka Koupenova, PhD, UMass Chan Medical School, Albert Sherman Center, 368 Plantation St, AS7-1041, Worcester, MA 01605, phone: 774-455-6646, , Craig N. Morrell, DVM, PhD, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, phone: 585-276-7693,
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Kumar R, Sonkar VK, Swamy J, Ahmed A, Sharathkumar AA, Pierce GL, Dayal S. DNase 1 Protects From Increased Thrombin Generation and Venous Thrombosis During Aging: Cross-Sectional Study in Mice and Humans. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021188. [PMID: 35023342 PMCID: PMC9238525 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Human aging is associated with increased risk of thrombosis, but the mechanisms are poorly defined. We hypothesized that aging induces peroxide-dependent release of neutrophil extracellular traps that contribute to thrombin generation and thrombosis. Methods and Results We studied C57BL6J mice and littermates of glutathione peroxidase-1 transgenic and wild-type mice at young (4 month) and old (20 month) ages and a healthy cohort of young (18-39 years) or middle-aged/older (50-72 years) humans. In plasma, we measured thrombin generation potential and components of neutrophil extracellular traps (cell-free DNA and citrullinated histone). Aged wild-type mice displayed a significant increase in thrombin generation that was decreased in aged glutathione peroxidase-1 transgenic mice. Both aged wild-type and aged glutathione peroxidase-1 transgenic mice demonstrated similar elevation of plasma cell-free DNA compared with young mice. In contrast, plasma levels of citrullinated histone were not altered with age or genotype. Release of neutrophil extracellular traps from neutrophils in vitro was also similar between young and aged wild-type or glutathione peroxidase-1 transgenic mice. Treatment of plasma or mice with DNase 1 decreased age-associated increases in thrombin generation, and DNase 1 treatment blocked the development of experimental venous thrombi in aged C57BL6J mice. Similarly, thrombin generation potential and plasma cell-free DNA, but not citrullinated histone, were higher in middle-aged/older humans, and treatment of plasma with DNase 1 reversed the increase in thrombin generation. Conclusions We conclude that DNase 1 limits thrombin generation and protects from venous thrombosis during aging, likely by hydrolyzing cell-free DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Vijay K Sonkar
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Jagadish Swamy
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | | | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of Iowa Iowa City IA
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City IA
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Abstract
Inflammation and its myriad pathways are now recognized to play both causal and consequential roles in vascular brain health. From acting as a trigger for vascular brain injury, as evidenced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, to steadily increasing the risk for chronic cerebrovascular disease, distinct inflammatory cascades play differential roles in varying states of cerebrovascular injury. New evidence is regularly emerging that characterizes the role of specific inflammatory pathways in these varying states including those at risk for stroke and chronic cerebrovascular injury as well as during the acute, subacute, and repair phases of stroke. Here, we aim to highlight recent basic science and clinical evidence for many distinct inflammatory cascades active in these varying states of cerebrovascular injury. The role of cerebrovascular infections, spotlighted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, and its association with increased stroke risk is also reviewed. Rather than converging on a shared mechanism, these emerging studies implicate varied and distinct inflammatory processes in vascular brain injury and repair. Recognition of the phasic nature of inflammatory cascades on varying states of cerebrovascular disease is likely essential to the development and implementation of an anti-inflammatory strategy in the prevention, treatment, and repair of vascular brain injury. Although advances in revascularization have taught us that time is brain, targeting inflammation for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease will undoubtedly show us that timing is brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Mun
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
| | - Jason D Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Zheng J. The State of Art of Extracellular Traps in Protozoan Infections (Review). Front Immunol 2022; 12:770246. [PMID: 34970259 PMCID: PMC8712655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasite infection causes severe diseases in humans and animals, leading to tremendous economic and medical pressure. Natural immunity is the first line of defence against parasitic infection. Currently, the role of natural host immunity in combatting parasitic infection is unclear, so further research on natural host immunity against parasites will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related parasitic diseases. Extracellular traps (ETs) are an important natural mechanism of immunity involving resistance to pathogens. When immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are stimulated by external pathogens, they release a fibrous network structure, consisting mainly of DNA and protein, that can capture and kill a variety of extracellular pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we discuss the relevant recently reported data on ET formation induced by protozoan parasite infection, including the molecular mechanisms involved, and discuss the role of ETs in the occurrence and development of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Watanabe K, Ueki S. [CURRENT RESEARCH TRENDS IN EXTRACELLULAR TRAPS (NETs AND EETs)]. Arerugi 2022; 71:200-205. [PMID: 35569941 DOI: 10.15036/arerugi.71.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Watanabe
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shigeharu Ueki
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
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Dou H, Kotini A, Liu W, Fidler T, Endo-Umeda K, Sun X, Olszewska M, Xiao T, Abramowicz S, Yalcinkaya M, Hardaway B, Tsimikas S, Que X, Bick A, Emdin C, Natarajan P, Papapetrou EP, Witztum JL, Wang N, Tall AR. Oxidized Phospholipids Promote NETosis and Arterial Thrombosis in LNK(SH2B3) Deficiency. Circulation 2021; 144:1940-1954. [PMID: 34846914 PMCID: PMC8663540 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: LNK/SH2B3 inhibits Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling by hematopoietic cytokine receptors. Genome-wide association studies have shown association of a common single nucleotide polymorphism in LNK (R262W, T allele) with neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, and coronary artery disease. We have shown that LNK(TT) reduces LNK function and that LNK-deficient mice display prominent platelet–neutrophil aggregates, accelerated atherosclerosis, and thrombosis. Platelet–neutrophil interactions can promote neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. The goals of this study were to assess the role of NETs in atherosclerosis and thrombosis in mice with hematopoietic Lnk deficiency. Methods: We bred mice with combined deficiency of Lnk and the NETosis-essential enzyme PAD4 (peptidyl arginine deiminase 4) and transplanted their bone marrow into Ldlr–/– mice. We evaluated the role of LNK in atherothrombosis in humans and mice bearing a gain of function variant in JAK2 (JAK2V617F). Results: Lnk-deficient mice displayed accelerated carotid artery thrombosis with prominent NETosis that was completely reversed by PAD4 deficiency. Thrombin-activated Lnk–/– platelets promoted increased NETosis when incubated with Lnk–/– neutrophils compared with wild-type platelets or wild-type neutrophils. This involved increased surface exposure and release of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) from Lnk–/– platelets, as well as increased priming and response of Lnk–/– neutrophils to OxPL. To counteract the effects of OxPL, we introduced a transgene expressing the single-chain variable fragment of E06 (E06-scFv). E06-scFv reversed accelerated NETosis, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis in Lnk–/– mice. We also showed increased NETosis when human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived LNK(TT) neutrophils were incubated with LNK(TT) platelet/megakaryocytes, but not in isogenic LNK(CC) controls, confirming human relevance. Using data from the UK Biobank, we found that individuals with the JAK2VF mutation only showed increased risk of coronary artery disease when also carrying the LNK R262W allele. Mice with hematopoietic Lnk+/– and Jak2VF clonal hematopoiesis showed accelerated arterial thrombosis but not atherosclerosis compared with Jak2VFLnk+/+ controls. Conclusions: Hematopoietic Lnk deficiency promotes NETosis and arterial thrombosis in an OxPL-dependent fashion. LNK(R262W) reduces LNK function in human platelets and neutrophils, promoting NETosis, and increases coronary artery disease risk in humans carrying Jak2VF mutations. Therapies targeting OxPL may be beneficial for coronary artery disease in genetically defined human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Dou
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Andriana Kotini
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (A.K., M.O., E.P.P.)
| | - Wenli Liu
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Trevor Fidler
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Kaori Endo-Umeda
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.).,Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.E.-U.)
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (X.S., S.T., X.Q., J.L.W.)
| | - Malgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (A.K., M.O., E.P.P.)
| | - Tong Xiao
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Sandra Abramowicz
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Mustafa Yalcinkaya
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Brian Hardaway
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (X.S., S.T., X.Q., J.L.W.)
| | - Xuchu Que
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (X.S., S.T., X.Q., J.L.W.)
| | - Alexander Bick
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (A.B.)
| | - Conor Emdin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.E., P.N.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (C.E., P.N.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E., P.N.)
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.E., P.N.).,Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (C.E., P.N.).,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.E., P.N.)
| | - Eirini P Papapetrou
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, and Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (A.K., M.O., E.P.P.)
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (X.S., S.T., X.Q., J.L.W.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
| | - Alan R Tall
- Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York (H.D., W.L., T.F., K.E.-U., T.X., S.A., M.Y., B.H., N.W., A.R.T.)
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Abstract
It has been reported that several immune cells can release chromatin and granular proteins into extracellular space in response to the stimulation, forming extracellular traps (ETs). The cells involved in the extracellular trap formation are recognized including neutropils, macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. With the development of research related to central nervous system, the role of ETs has been valued in neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier, and other fields. Meanwhile, it has been found that microglial cells as the resident immune cells of the central nervous system can also release ETs, updating the original understanding. This review aims to clarify the role of the ETs in the central nervous system, especially in neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhai Zeng
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingxin Cai
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Hao X, Chi H, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. The Functions of β-Defensin in Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus): Antibiosis, Chemotaxis and Modulation of Phagocytosis. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:1247. [PMID: 34943162 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The study identified a new spliced isoform of anionic β-defensin from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, fBD) and examined its antibiosis, chemotaxis and modulation of phagocytosis. It also analyzed the contributions of fBD to the antimicrobial activity of extracellular traps (ETs). The analyses found that an anionic β-defensin in fish possesses strong bacteriostatic ability in line with that of cationic defensins and also plays an important role in immune response. This study provides new insights into the biological function of anionic defensins, which can serve as one of the important effectors in extracellular traps and contribute to the immune response. Abstract Most defensins are cationic antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum killing activity against bacteria, fungi and enveloped viruses. However, it should be recognized that there are some non-cationic β-defensins in organisms, which need to be further studied. In this study, a new spliced isoform of anionic β-defensin from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, fBD) was identified, and its antibiosis, chemotaxis and modulation of phagocytosis were examined. In addition, the contributions of fBD to the antimicrobial activity of extracellular traps (ETs) were also analyzed. The recombinant fBD (rfBD) could effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum). An indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the fBD was co-localized in the extracellular traps released by the leukocytes. When the ETs were blocked with antibodies against rfBD, the proliferation of S. aureus and E. coli incubated with ETs tended to increase compared with that in the control group. In addition, the results obtained by flow cytometry showed that the rfBD could significantly chemoattract leukocytes and increase phagocytic activity in vitro. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the biological function of anionic defensins, which can serve as one of the important effectors in extracellular traps and as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts.
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Carrau T, Thümecke S, Silva LMR, Perez-Bravo D, Gärtner U, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Vilcinskas A, Lee KZ. The Cellular Innate Immune Response of the Invasive Pest Insect Drosophila suzukii against Pseudomonas entomophila Involves the Release of Extracellular Traps. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123320. [PMID: 34943828 PMCID: PMC8699444 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is a neobiotic invasive pest that causes extensive damage to fruit crops worldwide. The biological control of this species has been unsuccessful thus far, in part because of its robust cellular innate immune system, including the activity of professional phagocytes known as hemocytes and plasmatocytes. The in vitro cultivation of primary hemocytes isolated from D. suzukii third-instar larvae is a valuable tool for the investigation of hemocyte-derived effector mechanisms against pathogens such as wasp parasitoid larvae, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Here, we describe the morphological characteristics of D. suzukii hemocytes and evaluate early innate immune responses, including extracellular traps released against the entomopathogen Pseudomonas entomophila and lipopolysaccharides. We show for the first time that D. suzukii plasmatocytes cast extracellular traps to combat P. entomophila, along with other cell-mediated reactions, such as phagocytosis and the formation of filopodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Carrau
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Susanne Thümecke
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Liliana M. R. Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.S.); (K.-Z.L.)
| | - David Perez-Bravo
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Aulweg 123, D-35394 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University, Schubert Strasse 81, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Kwang-Zin Lee
- Department Pests and Vector Insect Control, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Ohlebergsweg 12, D-35394 Giessen, Germany; (T.C.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.R.S.); (K.-Z.L.)
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Aguilar-Díaz H, Quiroz-Castañeda RE, Salazar-Morales K, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Miranda-Miranda E. Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111511. [PMID: 34832666 PMCID: PMC8621429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations. With these drawbacks, new tick control methods need to be developed, and the immune system of ticks contains a plethora of potential candidates for vaccine design. Additionally, tick immunity is based on an orchestrated action of humoral and cellular immune responses. Therefore, the actors of these responses are the object of our study in this review since they are new targets in anti-tick vaccine design. We present their role in the immune response that positions them as feasible targets that can be blocked, inhibited, interfered with, and overexpressed, and then elucidate a new method to control tick infestations through the development of vaccines. We also propose Extracellular Traps Formation (ETosis) in ticks as a process to eliminate their natural enemies and those pathogens they transmit (vectorial capacity), which results attractive since they are a source of acting molecules with potential use as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Aguilar-Díaz
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rosa Estela Quiroz-Castañeda
- Unidad de Anaplasmosis, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico;
| | - Karina Salazar-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
| | - Estefan Miranda-Miranda
- Unidad de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad INIFAP, Jiutepec 62574, Mexico; (R.C.-B.); (E.M.-M.)
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Tatsiy O, de Carvalho Oliveira V, Mosha HT, McDonald PP. Early and Late Processes Driving NET Formation, and the Autocrine/Paracrine Role of Endogenous RAGE Ligands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675315. [PMID: 34616390 PMCID: PMC8488397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation has emerged as an important response against various pathogens; it also plays a role in chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Despite a growing understanding of the mechanisms underlying NET formation, much remains to be elucidated. We previously showed that in human neutrophils activated with different classes of physiological stimuli, NET formation features both early and late events that are controlled by discrete signaling pathways. However, the nature of these events has remained elusive. We now report that PAD4 inhibition only affects the early phase of NET generation, as do distinct signaling intermediates (TAK1, MEK, p38 MAPK). Accordingly, the inducible citrullination of residue R2 on histone H3 is an early neutrophil response that is regulated by these kinases; other arginine residues on histones H3 and H4 do not seem to be citrullinated. Conversely, elastase blockade did not affect NET formation by several physiological stimuli, though it did so in PMA-activated cells. Among belated events in NET formation, we found that chromatin decondensation is impaired by the inhibition of signaling pathways controlling both early and late stages of the phenomenon. In addition to chromatin decondensation, other late processes were uncovered. For instance, unstimulated neutrophils can condition themselves to be poised for rapid NET induction. Similarly, activated neutrophils release endogenous proteic factors that promote and largely mediate NET generation. Several such factors are known RAGE ligands and accordingly, RAGE inbibition largely prevents both NET formation and the conditioning of neutrophils to rapidly generate NETs upon stimulation. Our data shed new light on the cellular processes underlying NET formation, and unveil unsuspected facets of the phenomenon that could serve as therapeutic targets. In view of the involvement of NETs in both homeostasis and several pathologies, our findings are of broad relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tatsiy
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa de Carvalho Oliveira
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Tshivuadi Mosha
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Pulmonary Division, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHUS (CRCHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Michels A, Swystun LL, Dwyer CN, Rawley O, Nesbitt K, Notley C, Lillicrap D. Stabilin-2 deficiency increases thrombotic burden and alters the composition of venous thrombi in a mouse model. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:2440-2453. [PMID: 34152080 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stabilin-2 is an endocytic scavenger receptor that mediates the clearance of glycosaminoglycans, phosphatidylserine-expressing cells, and the von Willebrand factor-factor VIII (FVIII) complex. In a genome-wide screening study, pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the human STAB2 gene associated with an increased incidence of unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the specific mechanism(s) by which stabilin-2 deficiency influences the pathogenesis of VTE is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the influence of stabilin-2 on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to characterize the underlying prothrombotic phenotype of stabilin-2 deficiency in a mouse model. METHODS DVT was induced using the inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis model in two independent cohorts (littermates and non-littermates) of wild-type (Stab2+/+ ) and stabilin-2 (Stab2-/- )-deficient mice. Thrombus structure and contents were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Plasma procoagulant activity was assessed and complete blood counts were performed. RESULTS Incidence of thrombus formation was not altered between Stab2+/+ and Stab2-/- mice. When thrombi were formed, Stab2-/- mice developed significantly larger thrombi than Stab2+/+ controls. Thrombi from Stab2-/- mice contained significantly more leukocytes and citrullinated histone H3 than Stab2+/+ thrombi. Stab2-/- mice had increased FVIII activity. Circulating levels of monocytes and granulocytes were significantly elevated in Stab2-/- mice, and Stab2-/- mice had elevated plasma cell-free DNA 24 hours post-IVC stenosis compared to their Stab2+/+ counterparts. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that stabilin-2 deficiency associates with a prothrombotic phenotype involving elevated levels of neutrophil extracellular trap-releasing leukocytes coupled with endogenous procoagulant activity, resulting in larger and qualitatively distinct venous thrombi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Michels
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura L Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney N Dwyer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orla Rawley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen Notley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Kummarapurugu AB, Zheng S, Ma J, Ghosh S, Hawkridge A, Voynow JA. Neutrophil Elastase Triggers the Release of Macrophage Extracellular Traps: Relevance to CF. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:76-85. [PMID: 34597246 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0410oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps increase cystic fibrosis (CF) airway inflammation. We hypothesized that macrophage exposure to neutrophil elastase (NE) would trigger the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs), a novel mechanism to augment NE-induced airway inflammation in CF. To test whether human blood monocyte derived macrophages (hBMDM) from CF and non-CF subjects take up proteolytically active NE resulting in clipping of chromatin binding proteins and the release of METs. Human BMDM from CF and non-CF subjects were treated with FITC-NE to determine NE localization. Intracellular NE activity was determined by DQ-elastin assay. MET DNA release was detected by Pico-green for hBMDM, and visualized by confocal microscopy for hBMDM, and for alveolar macrophages harvested from intratracheal NE-exposed Cftr-null and wild-type littermate mice. Immunofluorescence assays for histone citrullination and western analyses for histone clipping were performed. FITC-NE was localized to cytoplasmic and nuclear domains, and NE retained proteolytic activity in hBMDM. NE (100 to 500 nM) significantly increased extracellular DNA release from hBMDM. NE activated MET release by confocal microscopy in hBMDM, and in alveolar macrophages from Cftr-null and Cftr wild-type mice. NE-triggered MET release was associated with H3 citrullination and partial cleavage of Histone H3 but not H4. Exposure to NE caused release of METs from both CF and non-CF hBMDM in vitro and murine alveolar macrophages in vivo. MET release was associated with NE-activated H3 clipping, a mechanism associated with chromatin decondensation, a prerequisite for METs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apparao B Kummarapurugu
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University, 480853, Pediatric Pulmonology, Richmond, Virginia, United States;
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, 480853, Pediatric Pulmonology, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Jonathan Ma
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Pediatrics, 466504, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Shobha Ghosh
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Internal Medicine, 122693, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Adam Hawkridge
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Pharmacy, 15535, Richmond, Virginia, United States
| | - Judith A Voynow
- Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, 480853, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Richmond, Virginia, United States
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