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Tricase A, Imbriano A, Macchia E, Sarcina L, Scandurra C, Torricelli F, Cioffi N, Torsi L, Bollella P. Enzyme based amperometric wide field biosensors: Is single‐molecule detection possible? ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Tricase
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Anna Imbriano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Eleonora Macchia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
| | - Lucia Sarcina
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Cecilia Scandurra
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Fabrizio Torricelli
- Dipartimento Ingegneria dell'Informazione Università degli Studi di Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering Åbo Akademi University Turku Finland
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
- Centre for Colloid and Surface Science Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro” Bari Italy
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Bollella P, Katz E. Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3517. [PMID: 32575916 PMCID: PMC7349488 DOI: 10.3390/s20123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY 13699-5810, USA;
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Fu X, Peng F, Lee J, Yang Q, Zhang F, Xiong M, Kong G, Meng HM, Ke G, Zhang XB. Aptamer-Functionalized DNA Nanostructures for Biological Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:21. [PMID: 32030541 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures hold great promise for various applications due to their remarkable properties, including programmable assembly, nanometric positional precision, and dynamic structural control. The past few decades have seen the development of various kinds of DNA nanostructures that can be employed as useful tools in fields such as chemistry, materials, biology, and medicine. Aptamers are short single-stranded nucleic acids that bind to specific targets with excellent selectivity and high affinity and play critical roles in molecular recognition. Recently, many attempts have been made to integrate aptamers with DNA nanostructures for a range of biological applications. This review starts with an introduction to the features of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures. The discussion then focuses on recent progress (particularly during the last five years) in the applications of these nanostructures in areas such as biosensing, bioimaging, cancer therapy, and biophysics. Finally, challenges involved in the practical application of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are discussed, and perspectives on future directions for research into and applications of aptamer-functionalized DNA nanostructures are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fangqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jungyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Mengyi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Gezhi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Hong-Min Meng
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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El-Maghrabey M, El-Shaheny R, Belal F, Kishikawa N, Kuroda N. Green Sensors for Environmental Contaminants. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45116-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
This paper summarizes several examples of enzyme immobilization and bioelectrocatalysis at carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs offer substantial improvements on the overall performance of amperometric enzyme electrodes mainly due to their unique structural, mechanical and electronic properties such as metallic, semi-conducting and superconducting electron transport. Unfortunately, their water insolubility restrains the kick-off in some particular fields. However, the chemical functionalization of CNTs, non-covalent and covalent, attracted a remarkable interest over the past several decades boosting the development of electrochemical biosensors and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs) based on two different types of communications: mediated electron transfer (MET)-type, where the use of redox mediators, small electroactive molecules (freely diffusing or bound to side chains of flexible redox polymers), which are able to shuttle the electrons between the enzyme active site and the electrode (second electron transfer generation system); direct electron transfer (DET)-type between the redox group of the enzyme and the electrode surface (third electron transfer generation system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States.
| | - Evgeny Katz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
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Kim JW, Kim S, Jang YH, Lim KI, Lee WH. Attomolar detection of virus by liquid coplanar-gate graphene transistor on plastic. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:345502. [PMID: 30865941 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0f52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The direct method of detecting a virus with extremely low concentration is recommended for the diagnosis of viral disease. In this study, coplanar-gate graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) were built on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates for the attomolar detection of a virus. The GFETs exhibited a very low detection limit of 47.8 aM with relatively low source/drain voltage due to aqueous dielectric media which stabilizes viruses and antibodies for specific bonding. The antibody as a probe molecule was decorated on a graphene surface using 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester that had previously been immobilized on a graphene surface. The Dirac point voltage shifted downward after dropping the virus solution, due to the electrostatic gating effect of graphene in the antigen (namely, virus)-antibody complex. The virus detection platform used in this study is expected to be beneficial for direct diagnosis in saline environments, since the performances of GFETs were not significantly affected by the presence of Na+ and Cl-. Furthermore, since our flexible and transparent virus sensors can be used in a wearable device, they provide a simple and fast method for diagnosing viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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A novel electrochemical mast cell-based paper biosensor for the rapid detection of milk allergen casein. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Reinholds I, Pugajeva I, Bogdanova E, Jaunbergs J, Bartkevics V. Recent applications of carbonaceous nanosorbents for the analysis of mycotoxins in food by liquid chromatography: a short review. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2018.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO)) have attracted attention over the last decade as adsorbents suitable for the analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants. In the present paper we review methods of mycotoxin analysis that involve sample extraction with carbonaceous nanosorbents, reported from 2011 onwards. Recent studies have highlighted the advantages of magnetically modified MWCNTs and GO in mycotoxin analysis, which may enable sample isolation through magnetic separation, reduce the interaction of nanoparticles, and enhance the recovery of analytes. The papers covered in this review point to promising applications of functionalised carbonaceous nanosorbents in mycotoxin analysis. While GO based sorbents can be effective for the adsorption of relatively polar aflatoxins, MWCNTs with high specific surface area and reduced agglomeration achieved through modification with silica and magnetic particles are preferred for the extraction of less polar mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Reinholds
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - I. Pugajeva
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - E. Bogdanova
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - J. Jaunbergs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
| | - V. Bartkevics
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment ‘BIOR’, Lejupes iela 3, Riga 1076, Latvia
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Riga 1004, Latvia
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Tortolini C, Bollella P, Zumpano R, Favero G, Mazzei F, Antiochia R. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Based Electrochemical Sensor for Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Detection in Wine Samples. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040108. [PMID: 30441783 PMCID: PMC6316432 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A single-use electrochemical screen-printed electrode is reported based on biomimetic properties of nanoceria particles (CeNPs). The developed tool showed an easy approach compared to the classical spectrophotometric methods reported in literature in terms of ease of use, cost, portability, and unnecessary secondary reagents. The sensor allowed the detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in wine samples. The sensor has been optimized and characterized electrochemically and then tested with antioxidant compounds occurred in wine samples. The electrochemical CeNPs modified sensor has been used for detection of TAC in white and red commercial wines and the data compared to the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS)-based spectrophotometric method. Finally, the obtained results have demonstrated that the proposed sensor was suitable for the simple and quick evaluation of TAC in beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosaceleste Zumpano
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome-P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Bollella P, Hibino Y, Kano K, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Highly Sensitive Membraneless Fructose Biosensor Based on Fructose Dehydrogenase Immobilized onto Aryl Thiol Modified Highly Porous Gold Electrode: Characterization and Application in Food Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:12131-12136. [PMID: 30148350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a new method to electrodeposit highly porous gold (h-PG) onto a polycrystalline solid gold electrode without any template. The electrodeposition is carried out by first cycling the electrode potential between +0.8 and 0 V in 10 mM HAuCl4 with 2.5 M NH4Cl and then applying a negative potential for the production of hydrogen bubbles at the electrode surface. After that the modified electrode was characterized in sulfuric acid to estimate the real surface area ( Areal) to be close to 24 cm2, which is roughly 300 times higher compared to the bare gold electrodes (0.08 cm2). The electrode was further incubated overnight with three different thiols (4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), 4-mercaptophenol (4-MPh), and 4-aminothiophenol (4-APh)) in order to produce differently charged self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the electrode surface. Finally a fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) solution was drop-cast onto the electrodes. All the modified electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry both under nonturnover and turnover conditions. The FDH/4-MPh/h-PG exhibited two couples of redox peaks for the heme c1 and heme c2 of the cytochrome domain of FDH and as well as a well pronounced catalytic current density (about 1000 μA cm-2 in the presence of 10 mM fructose) due to the presence of -OH groups on the electrode surface, which stabilize and orientate the enzyme layer on the electrode surface. The FDH/4-MPh/h-PG based electrode showed the best analytical performance with an excellent stability (90% retained activity over 90 days), a detection limit of 0.3 μM fructose, a linear range between 0.05 and 5 mM, and a sensitivity of 175 ± 15 μA cm-2 mM-1. These properties were favorably compared with other fructose biosensors reported in the literature. The biosensor was successively tested to quantify the fructose content in food and beverage samples. No significant interference present in the sample matrixes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies , Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 , Rome , Italy
| | - Yuya Hibino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Kenji Kano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Sakyo , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry , Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 221 00 , Lund , Sweden
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies , Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 , Rome , Italy
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Zappi D, Masci G, Sadun C, Tortolini C, Antonelli ML, Bollella P. Evaluation of new cholinium-amino acids based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as immobilization matrix for electrochemical biosensor development: Proof-of-concept with Trametes Versicolor laccase. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on amino-functionalized carbon dots for the sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:114. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bollella P, Gorton L, Ludwig R, Antiochia R. A Third Generation Glucose Biosensor Based on Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Decorated with Electrodeposited Gold Nanoparticles: Characterization and Application in Human Saliva. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 17:E1912. [PMID: 28820469 PMCID: PMC5579551 DOI: 10.3390/s17081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Efficient direct electron transfer (DET) between a cellobiose dehydrogenase mutant from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH C291Y) and a novel glassy carbon (GC)-modified electrode, obtained by direct electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was realized. The electrode was further modified with a mixed self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-APh) and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross-linking agent. The CtCDH C291Y/GA/4-APh,4-MBA/AuNPs/GC platform showed an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) of 19.4 ± 0.6 s-1, with an enhanced theoretical and real enzyme surface coverage (Γtheor and Γreal) of 5287 ± 152 pmol cm-2 and 27 ± 2 pmol cm-2, respectively. The modified electrode was successively used as glucose biosensor exhibiting a detection limit of 6.2 μM, an extended linear range from 0.02 to 30 mM, a sensitivity of 3.1 ± 0.1 μA mM-1 cm-2 (R2 = 0.995), excellent stability and good selectivity. These performances compared favourably with other glucose biosensors reported in the literature. Finally, the biosensor was tested to quantify the glucose content in human saliva samples with successful results in terms of both recovery and correlation with glucose blood levels, allowing further considerations on the development of non-invasive glucose monitoring devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
| | - Lo Gorton
- Department of Analytical Chemistry/Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, Rome 5 00185, Italy.
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Real-time reliable determination of binding kinetics of DNA hybridization using a multi-channel graphene biosensor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14902. [PMID: 28322227 PMCID: PMC5364407 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable determination of binding kinetics and affinity of DNA hybridization and single-base mismatches plays an essential role in systems biology, personalized and precision medicine. The standard tools are optical-based sensors that are difficult to operate in low cost and to miniaturize for high-throughput measurement. Biosensors based on nanowire field-effect transistors have been developed, but reliable and cost-effective fabrication remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that a graphene single-crystal domain patterned into multiple channels can measure time- and concentration-dependent DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity reliably and sensitively, with a detection limit of 10 pM for DNA. It can distinguish single-base mutations quantitatively in real time. An analytical model is developed to estimate probe density, efficiency of hybridization and the maximum sensor response. The results suggest a promising future for cost-effective, high-throughput screening of drug candidates, genetic variations and disease biomarkers by using an integrated, miniaturized, all-electrical multiplexed, graphene-based DNA array. Monitoring DNA binding and single-base mismatches accurately in real time is difficult, especially for miniaturized devices. Here the authors report a graphene field-effect transistor array capable of reliably measuring DNA hybridization kinetics and affinity at the picomolar level.
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Bollella P, Mazzei F, Favero G, Fusco G, Ludwig R, Gorton L, Antiochia R. Improved DET communication between cellobiose dehydrogenase and a gold electrode modified with a rigid self-assembled monolayer and green metal nanoparticles: The role of an ordered nanostructuration. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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