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Nilsson S, Hammar M, West J, Borga M, Thorell S, Spetz Holm AC. Resistance training decreased abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2023; 176:107794. [PMID: 37421844 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if abdominal adipose tissue volumes and ratios change after a 15-week structured resistance training intervention in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms (VMS). STUDY DESIGN Sixty-five postmenopausal women with VMS and low physical activity were randomized to either three days/week supervised resistance training or unchanged physical activity for 15 weeks. Women underwent clinical anthropometric measurements and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and after 15 weeks. MRI was done using a Philips Ingenia 3.0 T MR scanner (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). The per protocol principle was used in the analysis of data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The absolute change from baseline to week 15 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the relative ratio (VAT ratio) between VAT and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), i.e. the sum of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) and VAT. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups in characteristics, anthropometry or MRI measures at baseline. Women who were compliant with the intervention (i.e. participated in at least two of the three scheduled training sessions per week) had significantly different reduction over time in ASAT (p = 0.006), VAT (p = 0.002), TAAT (p = 0.003) and fat ratio (p < 0.001) compared with women in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a 15-week resistance training regimen in midlife may help women to counteract the abdominal fat redistribution associated with the menopausal transition. CLINICAL TRIALS gov registered ID: NCT01987778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nilsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mats Hammar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Janne West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Borga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thorell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna-Clara Spetz Holm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cachexia, a feature of cancer and other chronic diseases, is marked by progressive weight loss and skeletal muscle wasting. This review aims to highlight the sex differences in manifestations of cancer cachexia in patients, rodent models, and our current understanding of the potential mechanisms accounting for these differences. RECENT FINDINGS Male cancer patients generally have higher prevalence of cachexia, greater weight loss or muscle wasting, and worse outcomes compared with female cancer patients. Knowledge is increasing about sex differences in muscle fiber type and function, mitochondrial metabolism, global gene expression and signaling pathways, and regulatory mechanisms at the levels of sex chromosomes vs. sex hormones; however, it is largely undetermined how such sex differences directly affect the susceptibility to stressors leading to muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Few studies have investigated basic mechanisms underlying sex differences in cancer cachexia. A better understanding of sex differences would improve cachexia treatment in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Research Service, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Research Service, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- IU Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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3
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González-Granillo M, Savva C, Li X, Ghosh Laskar M, Angelin B, Gustafsson JÅ, Korach-André M. Selective estrogen receptor (ER)β activation provokes a redistribution of fat mass and modifies hepatic triglyceride composition in obese male mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 502:110672. [PMID: 31811898 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen exerts its action through the binding to two major receptors, estrogen receptor (ER)α and β. Recently, the beneficial role of selective ERβ activation in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in obesity has been demonstrated, but its importance is still controversial. However, no data are available regarding possible gender differences in response to pharmaceutical activation of ERβ. Male mice were fed a control diet (CD) or a high fat diet (HFD) before being treated with the ERβ selective ligand, 4-(2-(3-5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3yl)phenol (DIP) in the same conditions as in our recently published paper in female mice. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy were performed repeatedly in vivo after 6 weeks of diet and after 2 weeks of DIP. Adipose tissue distribution and hepatic triglycerides composition were quantified. HFD-treated males showed a feminization of their fat distribution towards more subcutaneous fat depots and increase total fat content and visceral adipose tissue showed clear browning sites after DIP. Hepatic lipid composition was modified by DIP, with less saturated and more unsaturated lipids and an improved insulin sensitivity. Finally, brown adipose tissue size expended after DIP, due to an increase of the size of the lipid droplets. Our data demonstrate that selective activation of ERβ exerts a tissue-specific and sex-dependent response to metabolic adaptation to overfeeding. Most importantly, together with our previously published results in females, the current findings support the concept that sex should be considered in the future development of obesity-moderating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela González-Granillo
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Savva
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moumita Ghosh Laskar
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Angelin
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signalling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Marion Korach-André
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism Unit, KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Bruce-Keller AJ, Richard AJ, Fernandez-Kim SO, Ribnicky DM, Salbaum JM, Newman S, Carmouche R, Stephens JM. Fenugreek Counters the Effects of High Fat Diet on Gut Microbiota in Mice: Links to Metabolic Benefit. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1245. [PMID: 31988303 PMCID: PMC6985225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual herbaceous plant and a staple of traditional health remedies for metabolic conditions including high cholesterol and diabetes. While the mechanisms of the beneficial actions of fenugreek remain unknown, a role for intestinal microbiota in metabolic homeostasis is likely. To determine if fenugreek utilizes intestinal bacteria to offset the adverse effects of high fat diets, C57BL/6J mice were fed control/low fat (CD) or high fat (HFD) diets each supplemented with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek for 16 weeks. The effects of fenugreek and HFD on gut microbiota were comprehensively mapped and then statistically assessed in relation to effects on metrics of body weight, hyperlipidemia, and glucose tolerance. 16S metagenomic analyses revealed robust and significant effects of fenugreek on gut microbiota, with alterations in both alpha and beta diversity as well as taxonomic redistribution under both CD and HFD conditions. As previously reported, fenugreek attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and stabilized glucose tolerance without affecting body weight. Finally, fenugreek specifically reversed the dysbiotic effects of HFD on numerous taxa in a manner tightly correlated with overall metabolic function. Collectively, these data reinforce the essential link between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome and suggest that the preservation of healthy populations of gut microbiota participates in the beneficial properties of fenugreek in the context of modern Western-style diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadora J Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
| | - Allison J Richard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Sun-Ok Fernandez-Kim
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - David M Ribnicky
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Susan Newman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Richard Carmouche
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
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Schanuel FS, Romana-Souza B, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Short-Term Administration of a High-Fat Diet Impairs Wound Repair in Mice. Lipids 2019; 55:23-33. [PMID: 31509252 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High intake of dietary fat plays an important role in obesity development in animals and humans, and prolonged intake of high-fat diet might lead to low-grade chronic inflammation. Previous study showed that diet-induced overweight delays cutaneous wound healing in both obesity-prone and obesity-resistant animals, highlighting the importance of diet composition in the wound healing process. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a short-term administration of high-fat diet could affect cutaneous wound healing. Male mice (C57/bl6) were randomly divided into standard (10% energy from fat) or high-fat (60% energy from fat) chow groups. After 10 days of diet administration, an excisional lesion was performed and the animals were sacrificed 6 or 10 days later. There was no difference in the fasting blood glucose between groups. Ten days after wounding, high-fat chow group presented increased inflammatory infiltrate, levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 proteins, and lipid peroxidation. The high-fat chow group presented delayed wound closure, increased amount of myofibroblasts and vessels, and decreased deposition of type I collagen. These findings support the hypothesis that short-term administration of high-fat diet exerts negative effects on mice cutaneous wound healing, due to the interference in the inflammatory phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Schanuel
- Histology and Embryology Department, Tissue Repair Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Av Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Histology and Embryology Department, Tissue Repair Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Av Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Histology and Embryology Department, Tissue Repair Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Av Marechal Rondon, 381/HLA, 20950-003 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Cao J, Zhu Q, Liu L, Glazier BJ, Hinkel BC, Liang C, Shi H. Global Transcriptome Analysis of Brown Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041095. [PMID: 29642370 PMCID: PMC5979511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promotes the development of obesity, a disease resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has thermogenic capacity that burns calories to produce heat, and it is a potential target for the treatment and prevention of obesity. There is limited information regarding the impact of HFD on the BAT transcriptome. We hypothesized that HFD-induced obesity would lead to transcriptional regulation of BAT genes. RNA sequencing was used to generate global transcriptome profiles from BAT of lean mice fed with a low-fat diet (LFD) and obese mice fed with a HFD. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified increased expression of genes involved in biological processes (BP) related to immune responses, which enhanced molecular function (MF) in chemokine activity; decreased expression of genes involved in BP related to ion transport and muscle structure development, which reduced MF in channel and transporter activity and structural binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional pathway analysis indicated that pathways associated with innate immunity were enhanced by HFD, while pathways associated with muscle contraction and calcium signaling were suppressed by HFD. Collectively, these results suggest that diet-induced obesity changes transcriptomic signatures of BAT, leading to dysfunction involving inflammation, calcium signaling, ion transport, and cell structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Cao
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Qi Zhu
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Lin Liu
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Bradley J Glazier
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Hinkel
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Chun Liang
- Program of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Program of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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7
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Soares AF, Paz-Montoya J, Lei H, Moniatte M, Gruetter R. Sexual dimorphism in hepatic lipids is associated with the evolution of metabolic status in mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3761. [PMID: 28661066 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver is implicated in metabolic disease in an age- and sex-dependent manner. The role of hepatic lipids has been well established within the scope of metabolic insults in mice, but has been insufficiently characterized under standard housing conditions, where age-related metabolic alterations are known to occur. We studied a total of 10 male and 10 female mice longitudinally. At 3, 7 and 11 months of age, non-invasive 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) was used to monitor hepatic lipid content (HLC) and fatty acid composition in vivo, and glucose homeostasis was assessed with glucose and insulin challenges. At the end of the study, hepatic lipids were comprehensively characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses of liver tissue samples. In males, HLC increased from 1.4 ± 0.1% at 3 months to 2.9 ± 0.3% at 7 months (p < 0.01) and 2.7 ± 0.3% at 11 months (p < 0.05), in correlation with fasting insulin levels (p < 0.01, r = 0.51) and parameters from the insulin tolerance test (ITT; p < 0.001, r = -0.69 versus area under the curve; p < 0.01, r = -0.57 versus blood glucose drop at 1 h post-ITT; p < 0.01, r = 0.55 versus blood glucose at 3 h post-ITT). The metabolic performance of females remained the same throughout the study, and HLC was higher than that of males at 3 months (2.7 ± 0.2%, p < 0.01), but comparable at 7 months (2.2 ± 0.2%) and 11 months (2.2 ± 0.1%). Strong sexual dimorphism in bioactive lipid species, including diacylglycerols (higher in males, p < 0.0001), phosphatidylinositols (higher in females, p < 0.001) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (higher in females, p < 0.01), was found to be in good correlation with metabolic scores at 11 months. Therefore, in mice housed under standard conditions, sex-specific composition of bioactive lipids is associated with metabolic protection in females, whose metabolic performance was independent of hepatic cytosolic lipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Francisca Soares
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Paz-Montoya
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Proteomics Core Facility (PCF), Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | - Hongxia Lei
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne VD, Switzerland and University of Geneva, Department of Radiology, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Moniatte
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Proteomics Core Facility (PCF), Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging (LIFMET), Lausanne, VD, Switzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Lausanne VD, Switzerland and University of Geneva, Department of Radiology, Geneva, Switzerland
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Chukijrungroat N, Khamphaya T, Weerachayaphorn J, Songserm T, Saengsirisuwan V. Hepatic FGF21 mediates sex differences in high-fat high-fructose diet-induced fatty liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 313:E203-E212. [PMID: 28559436 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00076.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The role of gender in the progression of fatty liver due to chronic high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) has not been studied. The present investigation assessed whether HFFD induced hepatic perturbations differently between the sexes and examined the potential mechanisms. Male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or HFFD for 12 wk. Indexes of liver damage and hepatic steatosis were analyzed biochemically and histologically together with monitoring changes in hepatic gene and protein expression. HFFD induced a higher degree of hepatic steatosis in females, with significant increases in proteins involved in hepatic lipogenesis, whereas HFFD significantly induced liver injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress only in males. Interestingly, a significant increase in hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) protein expression was observed in HFFD-fed males but not in HFFD-fed females. Ovarian hormone deprivation by itself led to a significant reduction in FGF21 with hepatic steatosis, and HFFD further aggravated hepatic fat accumulation in OVX rats. Importantly, estrogen replacement restored hepatic FGF21 levels and reduced hepatic steatosis in HFFD-fed OVX rats. Collectively, our results indicate that male rats are more susceptible to HFFD-induced hepatic inflammation and that the mechanism underlying this sex dimorphism is mediated through hepatic FGF21 expression. Our findings reveal sex differences in the development of HFFD-induced fatty liver and indicate the protective role of estrogen against HFFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsasi Chukijrungroat
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanaporn Khamphaya
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and
| | - Jittima Weerachayaphorn
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thaweesak Songserm
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Vitoon Saengsirisuwan
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;
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Wang C, Liu W, Yao L, Zhang X, Zhang X, Ye C, Jiang H, He J, Zhu Y, Ai D. Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids attenuate early occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2358-2372. [PMID: 28471490 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) mediate protective effects on several metabolic disorders. However, the functions of their metabolites in the early stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were fed a control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or ω-3 PUFA-enriched HFD (ω3HFD) for 4 days and phenotypes were analysed. LC-MS/MS was used to determine the eicosanoid profiles. Primary hepatocytes and peritoneal macrophages were used for the mechanism study. KEY RESULTS In short-term HFD-fed mice, the significantly increased lipid accumulation in the liver was reversed by ω-3 PUFA supplementation. Metabolomics showed that the plasma concentrations of hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs) were reduced by a short-term HFD and markedly increased by the ω3HFD. However, HEPE/EEQ treatment had no direct protective effect on hepatocytes. ω3HFD also significantly attenuated HFD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Furthermore, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the JNK pathway induced by palmitate were suppressed by HEPEs and EEQs in macrophages. 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE were identified as the effective components among these metabolites, as indicated by their greater suppression of the palmitate-induced expression of inflammatory factors, chemotaxis and JNK activation compared to other metabolites in macrophages. A mixture of 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE significantly ameliorated the short-term HFD-induced accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue and hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS 17,18-EEQ, 5-HEPE and 9-HEPE may be potential approaches to prevent NAFLD in the early stage by inhibiting the inflammatory response in adipose tissue macrophages via JNK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenji Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinlong He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Botchlett R, Woo SL, Liu M, Pei Y, Guo X, Li H, Wu C. Nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R145-R171. [PMID: 28400405 PMCID: PMC5511693 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an ongoing pandemic and serves as a causal factor of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Much evidence has demonstrated that nutrient overload/overnutrition initiates or exacerbates inflammatory responses in tissues/organs involved in the regulation of systemic metabolic homeostasis. This obesity-associated inflammation is usually at a low-grade and viewed as metabolic inflammation. When it exists continuously, inflammation inappropriately alters metabolic pathways and impairs insulin signaling cascades in peripheral tissues/organs such as adipose tissue, the liver and skeletal muscles, resulting in local fat deposition and insulin resistance and systemic metabolic dysregulation. In addition, inflammatory mediators, e.g., proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive nutrients, e.g., glucose and fatty acids, act together to aggravate local insulin resistance and form a vicious cycle to further disturb the local metabolic pathways and exacerbate systemic metabolic dysregulation. Owing to the critical role of nutrient metabolism in controlling the initiation and progression of inflammation and insulin resistance, nutritional approaches have been implicated as effective tools for managing obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Based on the mounting evidence generated from both basic and clinical research, nutritional approaches are commonly used for suppressing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and/or decreasing fat deposition. Consequently, the combined effects are responsible for improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Pinnacle Clinical ResearchLive Oak, USA
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Baylor College of MedicineHouston, USA
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
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11
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Gnoni A, Giudetti AM. Dietary long-chain unsaturated fatty acids acutely and differently reduce the activities of lipogenic enzymes and of citrate carrier in rat liver. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:485-94. [PMID: 27312217 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The activities of lipogenic enzymes appear to fluctuate with changes in the level and type of dietary fats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to induce on hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) the highest inhibitory effect, which occurs through a long-term adaptation. Data on the acute effects of dietary fatty acids on DNL are lacking. In this study with rats, the acute 1-day effect of high-fat (15 % w/w) diets (HFDs) enriched in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), i.e., monounsaturated (MUFA) and PUFA, of the ω-6 and ω-3 series on DNL and plasma lipid level was investigated; a comparison with a longer time feeding (21 days) was routinely carried out. After 1-day HFD administration UFA, when compared to SFA, reduced plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level and the activities of the lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), a decreased activity of the citrate carrier (CIC), a mitochondrial protein linked to lipogenesis, was also detected. In this respect, ω-3 PUFA was the most effective. On the other hand, PUFA maintained the effects at longer times, and the acute inhibition induced by MUFA feeding on DNL enzyme and CIC activities was almost nullified at 21 days. Mitochondrial fatty acid composition was slightly but significantly changed both at short- and long-term treatment, whereas the early changes in mitochondrial phospholipid composition vanished in long-term experiments. Our results suggest that in the early phase of administration, UFA coordinately reduced both the activities of de novo lipogenic enzymes and of CIC. ω-3 PUFA showed the greatest effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gnoni
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Anna M Giudetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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12
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Fontana R, Della Torre S. The Deep Correlation between Energy Metabolism and Reproduction: A View on the Effects of Nutrition for Women Fertility. Nutrients 2016; 8:87. [PMID: 26875986 PMCID: PMC4772050 DOI: 10.3390/nu8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, mechanisms have been developed, throughout evolution, to integrate environmental, nutritional and hormonal cues in order to guarantee reproduction in favorable energetic conditions and to inhibit it in case of food scarcity. This metabolic strategy could be an advantage in nutritionally poor environments, but nowadays is affecting women's health. The unlimited availability of nutrients, in association with reduced energy expenditure, leads to alterations in many metabolic pathways and to impairments in the finely tuned inter-relation between energy metabolism and reproduction, thereby affecting female fertility. Many energetic states could influence female reproductive health being under- and over-weight, obesity and strenuous physical activity are all conditions that alter the profiles of specific hormones, such as insulin and adipokines, thus impairing women fertility. Furthermore, specific classes of nutrients might affect female fertility by acting on particular signaling pathways. Dietary fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins and food-associated components (such as endocrine disruptors) have per se physiological activities and their unbalanced intake, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, might impair metabolic homeostasis and fertility in premenopausal women. Even though we are far from identifying a "fertility diet", lifestyle and dietary interventions might represent a promising and invaluable strategy to manage infertility in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy.
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
- Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy.
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13
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Krishna S, Lin Z, de La Serre CB, Wagner JJ, Harn DH, Pepples LM, Djani DM, Weber MT, Srivastava L, Filipov NM. Time-dependent behavioral, neurochemical, and metabolic dysregulation in female C57BL/6 mice caused by chronic high-fat diet intake. Physiol Behav 2016; 157:196-208. [PMID: 26852949 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity is associated not only with metabolic dysregulation, e.g., impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, but also with neurological dysfunction manifested with aberrant behavior and/or neurotransmitter imbalance. Most studies have examined HFD's effects predominantly in male subjects, either in the periphery or on the brain, in isolation and after a finite feeding period. In this study, we evaluated the time-course of selected metabolic, behavioral, and neurochemical effects of HFD intake in parallel and at multiple time points in female (C57BL/6) mice. Peripheral effects were evaluated at three feeding intervals (short: 5-6 weeks, long: 20-22 weeks, and prolonged: 33-36 weeks). Central effects were evaluated only after long and prolonged feeding durations; we have previously reported those effects after the short (5-6 weeks) feeding duration. Ongoing HFD feeding resulted in an obese phenotype characterized by increased visceral adiposity and, after prolonged HFD intake, an increase in liver and kidney weights. Peripherally, 5 weeks of HFD intake was sufficient to impair glucose tolerance significantly, with the deleterious effects of HFD being greater with prolonged intake. Similarly, 5 weeks of HFD consumption was sufficient to impair insulin sensitivity. However, sensitivity to insulin after prolonged HFD intake was not different between control, low-fat diet (LFD) and HFD-fed mice, most likely due to age-dependent decrease in insulin sensitivity in the LFD-fed mice. HFD intake also induced bi-phasic hepatic inflammation and it increased gut permeability. Behaviorally, prolonged intake of HFD caused mice to be hypoactive and bury fewer marbles in a marble burying task; the latter was associated with significantly impaired hippocampal serotonin homeostasis. Cognitive (short-term recognition memory) function of mice was unaffected by chronic HFD feeding. Considering our prior findings of short-term (5-6 weeks) HFD-induced central (hyperactivity/anxiety and altered ventral hippocampal neurochemistry) effects and our current results, it seems that in female mice some metabolic/inflammatory dysregulations caused by HFD, such as gut permeability, appear early and persist, whereas others, such as glucose intolerance, are exaggerated with continuous HFD feeding; behaviorally, prolonged HFD consumption mainly affects locomotor activity and anxiety-like responses, likely due to the advanced obesity phenotype; neurochemically, the serotonergic system appears to be most sensitive to continued HFD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Krishna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Claire B de La Serre
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - John J Wagner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Donald H Harn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lacey M Pepples
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Dylan M Djani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Matthew T Weber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Leena Srivastava
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Nikolay M Filipov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation links obesity and metabolic disease. Both exercise and estrogen improve metabolic health, enhance mitochondrial function, and have antiinflammatory effects. We hypothesize that there is an inverse relationship between mitochondrial function and inflammation in adipose tissue and that exercise acts as an estrogen "mimetic." Explicitly, exercise may improve adipose tissue "immunometabolism" by improving mitochondrial function and reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- 1Departments of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, and 2Child Health, and 3Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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15
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Shen M, Kumar SPDS, Shi H. Estradiol regulates insulin signaling and inflammation in adipose tissue. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 17:99-107. [PMID: 25372734 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation at white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to metabolic defects. Sex steroid hormone estrogen may be protective against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance. This has been tested by many previous studies utilizing rodent models of ovariectomy (OVX) and/or treatment of estradiol (E2), the major biologically active form of estrogen. Body weight and adiposity are increased by OVX and reduced following E2 treatment, however. Thus, the protective roles of E2 may be secondary effects to the changes in body weight and adiposity. We hypothesize that E2 directly prevents inflammation and maintains insulin sensitivity in WAT independent of energy status using mice with similar body weights and adiposity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of female C57BL/6 mice were used, including sham-operated mice treated with vehicle for E2 and fed with either a low-fat diet (LFD; Sham-Veh-LFD) or a HFD (Sham-Veh-HFD), and HFD-fed OVX mice treated with either vehicle (OVX-Veh-HFD) or E2 (OVX-E2-HFD). Body weight and abdominal parametrial WAT mass, insulin signaling, and expression levels of genes related to low-grade inflammation in WAT were compared between these groups pair-fed with equal amounts of calories for a period of 4 days. RESULTS Body weights and WAT mass were similar in all four groups. OVX-Veh-HFD mice had impaired insulin signaling associated with rapid activation of inflammation, whereas OVX-E2-HFD group maintained insulin sensitivity without showing inflammation in WAT. CONCLUSIONS E2 directly contributed to the maintenance of insulin sensitivity during the early phase of development of metabolic dysfunction, possibly via preventing low-grade inflammation in WAT.
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16
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Frank DN, Bales ES, Monks J, Jackman MJ, MacLean PS, Ir D, Robertson CE, Orlicky DJ, McManaman JL. Perilipin-2 Modulates Lipid Absorption and Microbiome Responses in the Mouse Intestine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131944. [PMID: 26147095 PMCID: PMC4493139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its co-morbidities, such as fatty liver disease, are increasingly prevalent worldwide health problems. Intestinal microorganisms have emerged as critical factors linking diet to host physiology and metabolic function, particularly in the context of lipid homeostasis. We previously demonstrated that deletion of the cytoplasmic lipid drop (CLD) protein Perilipin-2 (Plin2) in mice largely abrogates long-term deleterious effects of a high fat (HF) diet. Here we test the hypotheses that Plin2 function impacts the earliest steps of HF diet-mediated pathogenesis as well as the dynamics of diet-associated changes in gut microbiome diversity and function. WT and perilipin-2 null mice raised on a standard chow diet were randomized to either low fat (LF) or HF diets. After four days, animals were assessed for changes in physiological (body weight, energy balance, and fecal triglyceride levels), histochemical (enterocyte CLD content), and fecal microbiome parameters. Plin2-null mice had significantly lower respiratory exchange ratios, diminished frequencies of enterocyte CLDs, and increased fecal triglyceride levels compared with WT mice. Microbiome analyses, employing both 16S rRNA profiling and metagenomic deep sequencing, indicated that dietary fat content and Plin2 genotype were significantly and independently associated with gut microbiome composition, diversity, and functional differences. These data demonstrate that Plin2 modulates rapid effects of diet on fecal lipid levels, enterocyte CLD contents, and fuel utilization properties of mice that correlate with structural and functional differences in their gut microbial communities. Collectively, the data provide evidence of Plin2 regulated intestinal lipid uptake, which contributes to rapid changes in the gut microbial communities implicated in diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Frank
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elise S. Bales
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jenifer Monks
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Jackman
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diana Ir
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Robertson
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Microbiome Research Consortium, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James L. McManaman
- Division of Basic Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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17
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Ortega FJ, Cardona-Alvarado MI, Mercader JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Moreno M, Sabater M, Fuentes-Batllevell N, Ramírez-Chávez E, Ricart W, Molina-Torres J, Pérez-Luque EL, Fernández-Real JM. Circulating profiling reveals the effect of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched diet on common microRNAs. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:1095-101. [PMID: 26092372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are abundant in seafood and nuts, ameliorates components of the metabolic syndrome. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated to be valuable biomarkers of metabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether a sustained nuts-enriched diet can lead to changes in circulating miRNAs, in parallel to the dietary modification of fatty acids (FAs). METHODS AND RESULTS The profile of 192 common miRNAs was assessed (TaqMan low-density arrays) in plasma from 10 healthy women before and after an 8-week trial with a normocaloric diet enriched with PUFAs (30 g/day of almonds and walnuts). The most relevant miRNAs were validated in an extended sample of 30 participants (8 men and 22 women). Adiponectin was measured by immunoassay and FAs by gas liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The percentage of both ω-3 (P=.01) and ω-6 (P=.029) PUFAs of dietary origin (as inferred from plasma FA concentrations) increased, whereas saturated FAs decreased (P=.0008). Concomitantly with changes in circulating FAs, several miRNAs were modified by treatment, including decreased miR-328, miR-330-3p, miR-221 and miR-125a-5p, and increased miR-192, miR-486-5p, miR-19b, miR-106a, miR-769-5p, miR-130b and miR-18a. Interestingly, miR-106a variations in plasma correlated with changes in PUFAs, while miR-130b (r=0.58, P=.003) and miR-221 (r=0.46, P=.03) reflected changes in C-reactive protein. The dietary modulation of miR-125a-5p mirrored changes in fasting triglycerides (r=-0.44, P=.019) and increased adiponectin (r=0.43, P=.026). CONCLUSION Dietary FAs (as inferred from plasma FA concentration) are linked to changes in circulating miRNAs, which may be modified by a PUFAs-enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
| | - Mónica I Cardona-Alvarado
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Joint IRB-BSC program on Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Mònica Sabater
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Fuentes-Batllevell
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Enrique Ramírez-Chávez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Molina-Torres
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Cinvestav Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Elva L Pérez-Luque
- Department of Medical Science, Division of Health Sciences, Leon Campus, University of Guanajuato, Leon, México
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn, CB06/03) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.
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18
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Cai G, Dinan T, Barwood JM, De Luca SN, Soch A, Ziko I, Chan SMH, Zeng XY, Li S, Molero J, Spencer SJ. Neonatal overfeeding attenuates acute central pro-inflammatory effects of short-term high fat diet. Front Neurosci 2015; 8:446. [PMID: 25628527 PMCID: PMC4292443 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal obesity predisposes individuals to obesity throughout life. In rats, neonatal overfeeding also leads to early accelerated weight gain that persists into adulthood. The phenotype is associated with dysfunction in a number of systems including paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) responses to psychological and immune stressors. However, in many cases weight gain in neonatally overfed rats stabilizes in early adulthood so the animal does not become more obese as it ages. Here we examined if neonatal overfeeding by suckling rats in small litters predisposes them to exacerbated metabolic and central inflammatory disturbances if they are also given a high fat diet in later life. In adulthood we gave the rats normal chow, 3 days, or 3 weeks high fat diet (45% kcal from fat) and measured peripheral indices of metabolic disturbance. We also investigated hypothalamic microglial changes, as an index of central inflammation, as well as PVN responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Surprisingly, neonatal overfeeding did not predispose rats to the metabolic effects of a high fat diet. Weight changes and glucose metabolism were unaffected by the early life experience. However, short term (3 day) high fat diet was associated with more microglia in the hypothalamus and a markedly exacerbated PVN response to LPS in control rats; effects not seen in the neonatally overfed. Our findings indicate neonatally overfed animals are not more susceptible to the adverse metabolic effects of a short-term high fat diet but may be less able to respond to the central effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah J. Spencer
- School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Hetzler KL, Hardee JP, Puppa MJ, Narsale AA, Sato S, Davis JM, Carson JA. Sex differences in the relationship of IL-6 signaling to cancer cachexia progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:816-25. [PMID: 25555992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A devastating aspect of cancer cachexia is severe loss of muscle and fat mass. Though cachexia occurs in both sexes, it is not well-defined in the female. The Apc(Min/+) mouse is genetically predisposed to develop intestinal tumors; circulating IL-6 is a critical regulator of cancer cachexia in the male Apc(Min/+) mouse. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IL-6 signaling and cachexia progression in the female Apc(Min/+) mouse. Male and female Apc(Min/+) mice were examined during the initiation and progression of cachexia. Another group of females had IL-6 overexpressed between 12 and 14 weeks or 15-18 weeks of age to determine whether IL-6 could induce cachexia. Cachectic female Apc(Min/+) mice lost body weight, muscle mass, and fat mass; increased muscle IL-6 mRNA expression was associated with these changes, but circulating IL-6 levels were not. Circulating IL-6 levels did not correlate with downstream signaling in muscle in the female. Muscle IL-6r mRNA expression and SOCS3 mRNA expression as well as muscle IL-6r protein and STAT3 phosphorylation increased with severe cachexia in both sexes. Muscle SOCS3 protein increased in cachectic females but decreased in cachectic males. IL-6 overexpression did not affect cachexia progression in female Apc(Min/+) mice. Our results indicate that female Apc(Min/+) mice undergo cachexia progression that is at least initially IL-6-independent. Future studies in the female will need to determine mechanisms underlying regulation of IL-6 response and cachexia induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbell L Hetzler
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Melissa J Puppa
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Aditi A Narsale
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - J Mark Davis
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
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20
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Liu X, Zhu Z, Kalyani M, Janik JM, Shi H. Effects of energy status and diet on Bdnf expression in the ventromedial hypothalamus of male and female rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:99-107. [PMID: 24709620 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in the regulation of energy homeostasis in response to calorie scarcity or excess. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the anorexigenic neuropeptides regulating energy homeostasis. Expression of Bdnf mRNA in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is closely associated with energy and reproductive status. We hypothesized that Bdnf expression in the VMH was differentially regulated by altered energy balance in male and female rats. Using dietary intervention, including fasting-induced negative energy status and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding-induced positive energy status, along with low-fat diet (LFD) feeding and HFD pair-feeding (HFD-PF), effects of diets and changes in energy status on VMH Bdnf expression were compared between male and female rats. Fasted males but not females had lower VMH Bdnf expression than their fed counterparts following 24-hour fasting, suggesting that fasted males reduced Bdnf expression to drive hyperphagia and body weight gain. Male HFD obese and HFD-PF non-obese rats had similarly reduced expression of Bdnf compared with LFD males, indicating that dampened Bdnf expression was associated with feeding a diet high in fat instead of increased adiposity. Decreased BDNF signaling during HFD feeding would increase a drive to eat and may contribute to diet-induced obesity in males. In contrast, VMH Bdnf expression was stably maintained in females when energy homeostasis was disturbed. These results suggest sex-distinct regulation of central Bdnf expression by diet and energy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, OH, United States
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, OH, United States; Department of Statistics, Miami University, OH, United States
| | - Manu Kalyani
- Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, OH, United States
| | - James M Janik
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, OH, United States; Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, OH, United States
| | - Haifei Shi
- Cell, Molecular, and Structural Biology, Miami University, OH, United States; Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Miami University, OH, United States.
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