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Kim HJ, Hwang SH, Han ME, Baek S, Sim HE, Yoon S, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JH, Kim SY, Oh SO. LAP2 is widely overexpressed in diverse digestive tract cancers and regulates motility of cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39482. [PMID: 22745766 PMCID: PMC3380024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lamina-associated polypeptides 2 (LAP2) is a nuclear protein that connects the nuclear lamina with chromatin. Although its critical roles in genetic disorders and hematopoietic malignancies have been described, its expression and roles in digestive tract cancers have been poorly characterized. Methods To examine the expression of LAP2 in patient tissues, we performed immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. To examine motility of cancer cells, we employed Boyden chamber, wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays. To reveal its roles in metastasis in vivo, we used a liver metastasis xenograft model. To investigate the underlying mechanism, a cDNA microarray was conducted. Results Immunohistochemistry in patient tissues showed widespread expression of LAP2 in diverse digestive tract cancers including stomach, pancreas, liver, and bile duct cancers. Real-time PCR confirmed that LAP2β is over-expressed in gastric cancer tissues. Knockdown of LAP2β did not affect proliferation of most digestive tract cancer cells except pancreatic cancer cells. However, knockdown of LAP2β decreased motility of all tested cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of LAP2β increased motility of gastric and pancreatic cancer cells. In the liver metastasis xenograft model, LAP2β increased metastatic efficacy of gastric cancer cells and mortality in tested mice. cDNA microarrays showed the possibility that myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) and interleukin6 (IL6) may mediate LAP2β-regulated motility of cancer cells. Conclusions From the above results, we conclude that LAP2 is widely overexpressed in diverse digestive tract cancers and LAP2β regulates motility of cancer cells and suggest that LAP2β may have utility for diagnostics and therapeutics in digestive tract cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hwi Hwang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hey-Eun Sim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yong Baek
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Seon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
One of the difficulties in using gene expression profiles to predict cancer is how to effectively select a few informative genes to construct accurate prediction models from thousands or ten thousands of genes. We screen highly discriminative genes and gene pairs to create simple prediction models involved in single genes or gene pairs on the basis of soft computing approach and rough set theory. Accurate cancerous prediction is obtained when we apply the simple prediction models for four cancerous gene expression datasets: CNS tumor, colon tumor, lung cancer and DLBCL. Some genes closely correlated with the pathogenesis of specific or general cancers are identified. In contrast with other models, our models are simple, effective and robust. Meanwhile, our models are interpretable for they are based on decision rules. Our results demonstrate that very simple models may perform well on cancerous molecular prediction and important gene markers of cancer can be detected if the gene selection approach is chosen reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Somech R, Gal-Yam EN, Shaklai S, Geller O, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Simon AJ. Enhanced expression of the nuclear envelope LAP2 transcriptional repressors in normal and malignant activated lymphocytes. Ann Hematol 2007; 86:393-401. [PMID: 17364180 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-007-0275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research in recent years has broadened the functions of nuclear envelope proteins beyond simply stabilizing the nucleus architecture. Particularly, integral nuclear membrane proteins, such as the alternative spliced isoforms of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), have been shown to be important for the initiation of replication and repression of transcription. The latter is regulated by epigenetic changes, induced by the binding of LAP2beta to histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3), resulting in histone H4 deacetylation. Involvement of nuclear envelope proteins in pathological proliferative conditions, mainly those involving abnormal recruitment and activation of HDACs, is still unknown. In this paper, we show that various nuclear envelope proteins are highly expressed in normal and malignant activated lymphocytes. Specifically, rapidly replicating cells of various hematological malignancies highly express LAP2beta, while slowly proliferating malignant cells of chronic malignant hematological diseases do not. Taking together the elevated expression of LAP2beta in highly proliferative malignant cells with its known ability to modify histones through binding with HDAC3 raises the possibility of its role in hematological malignancies involving aberrant activity of HDAC3. Based on our presented results, we believe that the LAP2-HDAC regulatory pathway should be studied as a new target for rational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raz Somech
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Institute of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Argos M, Kibriya MG, Parvez F, Jasmine F, Rakibuz-Zaman M, Ahsan H. Gene expression profiles in peripheral lymphocytes by arsenic exposure and skin lesion status in a Bangladeshi population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:1367-75. [PMID: 16835338 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of individuals worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through their drinking water. In this study, the effect of arsenic exposure and arsenical skin lesion status on genome-wide gene expression patterns was evaluated using RNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals selected from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study. Affymetrix HG-U133A GeneChip (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) arrays were used to measure the expression of approximately 22,000 transcripts. Our primary statistical analysis involved identifying differentially expressed genes between participants with and without arsenical skin lesions based on the significance analysis of microarrays statistic with an a priori defined 1% false discovery rate to minimize false positives. To better characterize differential expression, we also conducted Gene Ontology and pathway comparisons in addition to the gene-specific analyses. Four-hundred sixty-eight genes were differentially expressed between these two groups, from which 312 differentially expressed genes were identified by restricting the analysis to female never-smokers. We also explored possible differential gene expression by arsenic exposure levels among individuals without manifest arsenical skin lesions; however, no differentially expressed genes could be identified from this comparison. Our findings show that microarray-based gene expression analysis is a powerful method to characterize the molecular profile of arsenic exposure and arsenic-induced diseases. Genes identified from this analysis may provide insights into the underlying processes of arsenic-induced disease and represent potential targets for chemoprevention studies to reduce arsenic-induced skin cancer in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Argos
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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5
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Klener P, Szynal M, Cleuter Y, Merimi M, Duvillier H, Lallemand F, Bagnis C, Griebel P, Sotiriou C, Burny A, Martiat P, Van den Broeke A. Insights into gene expression changes impacting B-cell transformation: cross-species microarray analysis of bovine leukemia virus tax-responsive genes in ovine B cells. J Virol 2006; 80:1922-38. [PMID: 16439548 PMCID: PMC1367148 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.80.4.1922-1938.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large-animal models for leukemia have the potential to aid in the understanding of networks that contribute to oncogenesis. Infection of cattle and sheep with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), a complex retrovirus related to human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with the development of B-cell leukemia. Whereas the natural disease in cattle is characterized by a low tumor incidence, experimental infection of sheep leads to overt leukemia in the majority of infected animals, providing a model for studying the pathogenesis associated with BLV and HTLV-1. Tax(BLV), the major oncoprotein, initiates a cascade of events leading toward malignancy, although the basis of transformation is not fully understood. We have taken a cross-species ovine-to-human microarray approach to identify Tax(BLV)-responsive transcriptional changes in two sets of cultured ovine B cells following retroviral vector-mediated delivery of Tax(BLV). Using cDNA-spotted microarrays comprising 10,336 human genes/expressed sequence tags, we identified a cohort of differentially expressed genes, including genes related to apoptosis, DNA transcription, and repair; proto-oncogenes; cell cycle regulators; transcription factors; small Rho GTPases/GTPase-binding proteins; and previously reported Tax(HTLV-1)-responsive genes. Interestingly, genes known to be associated with human neoplasia, especially B-cell malignancies, were extensively represented. Others were novel or unexpected. The results suggest that Tax(BLV) deregulates a broad network of interrelated pathways rather than a single B-lineage-specific regulatory process. Although cross-species approaches do not permit a comprehensive analysis of gene expression patterns, they can provide initial clues for the functional roles of genes that participate in B-cell transformation and pinpoint molecular targets not identified using other methods in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Klener
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Bordet Institute, 121 Blvd. de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Man TK, Chintagumpala M, Visvanathan J, Shen J, Perlaky L, Hicks J, Johnson M, Davino N, Murray J, Helman L, Meyer W, Triche T, Wong KK, Lau CC. Expression Profiles of Osteosarcoma That Can Predict Response to Chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2005; 65:8142-50. [PMID: 16166288 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in children. After initial diagnosis is made with a biopsy, treatment consists of preoperative chemotherapy followed by definitive surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. The degree of tumor necrosis in response to preoperative chemotherapy is a reliable prognostic factor and is used to guide the choice of postoperative chemotherapy. Patients with tumors, which reveal > or = 90% necrosis (good responders), have a much better prognosis than those with < 90% necrosis (poor responders). Despite previous attempts to improve the outcome of poor responders by modifying the postoperative chemotherapy, their prognosis remains poor. Therefore, there is a need to predict at the time of diagnosis patients' response to preoperative chemotherapy. This will provide the basis for developing potentially effective therapy that can be given at the outset for those who are likely to have a poor response. Here, we report the analysis of 34 pediatric osteosarcoma samples by expression profiling. Using parametric two-sample t test, we identified 45 genes that discriminate between good and poor responders (P < 0.005) in 20 definitive surgery samples. A support vector machine classifier was built using these predictor genes and was tested for its ability to classify initial biopsy samples. Five of six initial biopsy samples that had corresponding definitive surgery samples in the training set were classified correctly (83%; confidence interval, 36%, 100%). When this classifier was used to predict eight independent initial biopsy samples, there was 100% accuracy (confidence interval, 63%, 100%). Many of the predictor genes are implicated in bone development, drug resistance, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Fong CJ, Burgoon LD, Zacharewski TR. Comparative microarray analysis of basal gene expression in mouse Hepa-1c1c7 wild-type and mutant cell lines. Toxicol Sci 2005; 86:342-53. [PMID: 15888666 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepa-1c1c7 wild-type and benzo[a]pyrene-resistant derived mutant cell lines have been used to elucidate pathways and mechanisms involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, there has been little focus on other biological processes which may differ between the isolated lines. In this study, mouse cDNA microarrays representing 4858 genes were used to examine differences in basal gene expression between mouse Hepa-1c1c7 wild-type and c1 (truncated Cyp1a1 protein), c4 (AhR nuclear translocator, ARNT, deficient), and c12 (low AhR levels) mutant cell lines. Surprisingly, c1 mutants exhibited the greatest number of gene expression changes compared to wild-type cells, followed by c4 and c12 lines, respectively. Differences in basal gene expression were consistent with cell line specific variations in morphology, mitochondrial activity, and proliferation rate. MTT and direct cell count assays indicate both c4 and c12 mutants exhibit increased proliferative activity when compared to wild-type cells, while the c1 mutants exhibited decreased activity. This study further characterizes Hepa-1c1c7 wild-type and mutant cells and identifies significant differences in biological processes that should be considered when conducting comparative mechanistic studies with these lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Fong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:2911-2915. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i12.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Grumolato L, Elkahloun AG, Ghzili H, Alexandre D, Coulouarn C, Yon L, Salier JP, Eiden LE, Fournier A, Vaudry H, Anouar Y. Microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization analyses of gene expression in pheochromocytoma cells reveal pleiotropic effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on cell proliferation, survival, and adhesion. Endocrinology 2003; 144:2368-79. [PMID: 12746297 DOI: 10.1210/en.2002-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts trophic effects on several neuronal, neuroendocrine, and endocrine cells. To gain insight into the pattern of the transcriptional modifications induced by PACAP during cell differentiation, we studied the effects of this neuropeptide on rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. We first analyzed the transcriptome of PC12 cells in comparison to that of terminally differentiated rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, using a high-density microarray, to identify genes associated with the proliferative phenotype that are possible targets of PACAP during differentiation of sympathoadrenal normal and tumoral cells. We then studied global gene expression in PC12 cells after 48 h of exposure to PACAP, using both cDNA microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization technologies. These complementary approaches resulted in the identification of 75 up-regulated and 70 down-regulated genes in PACAP-treated PC12 cells. Among the genes whose expression is modified in differentiated cells, a vast majority are involved in cell proliferation, survival, and adhesion/motility. Expression changes of most of these genes have been associated with progression of several neoplasms. A kinetic study of the effects of PACAP on some of the identified genes showed that the neuropeptide likely exerts early as well as late actions to achieve the gene expression program necessary for cell differentiation. In conclusion, the results of the present study underscore the pleiotropic role of PACAP in cell differentiation and provide important information on novel targets that could mediate the effects of this neuropeptide in normal and tumoral neuroendocrine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grumolato
- Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U413, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Murphy SM, Preble AM, Patel UK, O'Connell KL, Dias DP, Moritz M, Agard D, Stults JT, Stearns T. GCP5 and GCP6: two new members of the human gamma-tubulin complex. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:3340-52. [PMID: 11694571 PMCID: PMC60259 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.11.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gamma-tubulin complex is a large multiprotein complex that is required for microtubule nucleation at the centrosome. Here we report the purification and characterization of the human gamma-tubulin complex and the identification of its subunits. The human gamma-tubulin complex is a ring of ~25 nm, has a subunit structure similar to that reported for gamma-tubulin complexes from other species, and is able to nucleate microtubule polymerization in vitro. Mass spectrometry analysis of the human gamma-tubulin complex components confirmed the presence of four previously identified components (gamma-tubulin and gamma-tubulin complex proteins [GCPs] 2, 3, and 4) and led to the identification of two new components, GCP5 and GCP6. Sequence analysis revealed that the GCPs share five regions of sequence similarity and define a novel protein superfamily that is conserved in metazoans. GCP5 and GCP6, like other components of the gamma-tubulin complex, localize to the centrosome and associate with microtubules, suggesting that the entire gamma-tubulin complex takes part in both of these interactions. Stoichiometry experiments revealed that there is a single copy of GCP5 and multiple copies of gamma-tubulin, GCP2, GCP3, and GCP4 within the gamma-tubulin complex. Thus, the gamma-tubulin complex is conserved in structure and function, suggesting that the mechanism of microtubule nucleation is conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Murphy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA
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McDade TW, Beck MA, Kuzawa CW, Adair LS. Prenatal undernutrition and postnatal growth are associated with adolescent thymic function. J Nutr 2001; 131:1225-31. [PMID: 11285331 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.4.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal and early infant origins of a number of adult cardiovascular and metabolic diseases have received considerable attention, but the long-term consequences of early environments for human immune function have not been reported. We investigated the effects of pre- and postnatal environments on thymic hormone production in adolescents participating in an ongoing longitudinal study in the Philippines. Prospective data collected at birth, during y 1 of life, in childhood and in adolescence were used to predict plasma thymopoietin concentration in 14- to 15-y-old adolescents (n = 103). Thymopoietin concentration was compared for small-for-gestational-age and appropriate-for-gestational-age individuals while controlling for a range of postnatal exposures. Prenatal undernutrition was significantly associated with reduced thymopoietin production in interaction with the duration of exclusive breast-feeding (P = 0.006). Growth in length during y 1 of life was positively associated with adolescent thymopoietin production (P = 0.002). These associations remained significant after adjusting for a range of potentially confounding variables. These findings provide support for the importance of fetal and early infant programming of thymic function, and suggest that early environments may have long-term implications for immunocompetence and adult disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W McDade
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-1310, USA.
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Goldstein G, Fava M, Culler M, Fisher A, Rickels K, Lydiard RB, Rosenbaum J. Elevated plasma thymopoietin associated with therapeutic nonresponsiveness in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48:65-9. [PMID: 10913509 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00246-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress predisposes to major depression, and hyperactivity of the stress-activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis occurs in this disease. Thymopentin, an active fragment of thymopoietin (TP), reduces endocrine and behavioral responses to experimental stress, possibly by lowering plasma TP (pTP) levels. METHODS Plasma TP and the HPA hormones arginine vasopressin (pAVP), adrenocorticotropic hormone (pACTH), and plasma cortisol (pCORT) were measured in 21 untreated depressed patients and 21 matched control subjects. Clinical responses to antidepressants were evaluated in 17 depressed patients. RESULTS Plasma TP was elevated in depression (p < .002), with in 8 out of 21 (38%) depressed patients having significant elevations (p < .03). For 17 patients whose antidepressant responses were evaluated, nonresponsiveness occurred in 6 out of 7 (86%) with elevated pTP (>7.5 pg/mL) versus 3 out of 10 (30%) with normal pTP (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The significant association of elevated pTP with nonresponsiveness to antidepressant drugs may signify a distinct pathogenesis for the depression of patients with elevated pTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Goldstein
- Thymon, L.L.C., Short Hills, New Jersey 07078-1701, USA
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