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Pingali U, Nutalapati C. Shilajit extract reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and bone loss to dose-dependently preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154334. [PMID: 35933897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accelerated bone loss associated with aging and estrogen withdrawal is mediated in part by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. OBJECTIVE Investigate dietary supplementation with a standardized aqueous extract of shilajit with clinically demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and collagen-promoting activity on attenuating bone loss in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. DESIGN Sixty postmenopausal women aged 45 - 65 years with osteopenia were randomized to receive 1 of 3 treatments daily for 48 weeks: (1) placebo, (2) 250 mg shilajit extract, or (3) 500 mg shilajit extract. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) were measured at weeks 0, 24, and 48, and circulating markers of bone turnover (CTX-1, BALP, RANKL, OPG), oxidative stress (MDA, GSH), and inflammation (hsCRP) at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 48. RESULTS BMD of both the LS and FN progressively decreased in women receiving placebo but was dose-dependently attenuated with shilajit extract supplementation, resulting in significantly increased percentage changes from baseline in BMD at 24- and 48-weeks in both supplemented groups compared to placebo (p < 0.001). CTX-1, BALP, and RANKL decreased, whereas OPG increased, in both groups supplemented with the shilajit extract, but not in the placebo group, resulting in significantly decreased or increased percentage changes from baseline, respectively. MDA was significantly decreased (p < 0.001) and GSH was significantly increased (p < 0.001) in both supplemented groups compared to placebo from week 12 for the duration of the study. Progressive reductions in hsCRP were observed in both supplemented groups, resulting in significantly decreased percentage changes from baseline in supplemented women compared to placebo (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Daily supplementation with this shilajit extract supports BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia in part by attenuating the increased bone turnover, inflammation and oxidative stress that coincides with estrogen deficiency in this population at increased risk for osteoporosis and bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usharani Pingali
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Telangana, India.
| | - Chandrasekhar Nutalapati
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Telangana, India
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Wang N, Liu F, Xi W, Jiang J, Xu Y, Guan B, Wu J, Zhou C, Shi M, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Liu J, Zhang J. Development and validation of risk and prognostic nomograms for bone metastases in Chinese advanced colorectal cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:875. [PMID: 34164509 PMCID: PMC8184451 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Bone metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are often accompanied by extraosseous metastases, resulting in a dismal prognosis. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors for BM in metastatic CRC (mCRC) and the prognostic factors for CRC patients with BM. Methods The study was based on a training cohort of 214 mCRC patients (of which, 101 patients had BM) from our center, and a validation cohort of 511 mCRC patients (of which, 173 patients had BM) from another institute. Risk and prognostic nomograms for BM were developed using univariate and multivariate analyses. The goodness of fit, discrimination, and calibration performance of the nomograms were assessed by R2, concordance statistics (C-statistics), and the calibration curve. The results were internally validated using bootstrap resampling in the training cohort, and externally validated in the validation cohort. Results The novel BM risk nomogram comprised seven variables [degree of tumor differentiation, N-stage, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), liver metastasis, and lung metastasis]. It showed good performance, with an R2 of 0.447 and a C-statistic of 0.846 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.793 to 0.898] in the training cohort, and an R2 of 0.325 and a C-statistic of 0.792 (95% CI, 0.750 to 0.834) in the validation cohort. The optimal cutoff value to identify individuals at low or high risk was 56% probability, with a sensitivity of 71.3% and a specificity of 89.4%. The prognostic nomogram included five factors (tumor differentiation, number of extra-BM organs, number of BM lesions, ALP, and LDH), and had an R2 of 0.284 and a C-statistic of 0.723 (95% CI, 0.657 to 0.789) in the training set. This nomogram was externally validated in the validation cohort, with an R2 of 0.182 and a C-statistic of 0.682 (95% CI, 0.638 to 0.726). Conclusions The developed and validated risk and prognostic nomograms showed good performance for predicting the occurrence of BM in mCRC as well as the prognosis of CRC patients with BM. The risk nomogram can be used as a cost-effective preliminary screening tool prior to bone scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqi Xi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Guan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenfei Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma Y, Li X, Liu J, Li W, Liu Z. Convenient Construction of Orthogonal Dual Aptamer-Based Plasmonic Immunosandwich Assay for Probing Protein Disease Markers in Complex Samples and Living Animals. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1436-1444. [PMID: 32279504 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers, because of their outstanding merits including simple synthesis and easy modification, have been widely used as antibody alternatives to construct novel immunosandwich assays. Dual aptamer-based sandwich assays exhibit multiple advantages over conventional immunosandwich assays and single aptamer-based sandwich assays. However, their construction is hampered by the limited knowledge of binding orthogonality of aptamers reported in the literature. Herein, we present a new strategy for conveniently constructing an orthogonal dual aptamer-based plasmonic immunosandwich assay (odA-PISA) for probing proteins in complex samples and living animals. An orthogonal aptamer pair was first efficiently selected from the aptamers reported in the literature by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Then, a target protein-capturing gold thin-layer-coated probe and silver nanoparticle-based Raman labeling nanotags were conveniently prepared with the selected aptamers and used to construct the assay. The double aptamers used ensured the specificity, whereas the plasmonic coupling effect between the target-capturing probe and the generated Raman nanotags significantly enhanced the Raman signal intensity, providing high sensitivity. As a proof of principle, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was used as the target. The constructed odA-PISA exhibited high specificity and high sensitivity toward ALP, giving cross-reactivity ≤ 4.2% and the limit of detection of 3.8 pM (S/N = 4). The quantitative determination of ALP in human serum and probing ALP in tumor-bearing mice were achieved, showing the great application potential of the method. This strategy is widely applicable to other protein disease markers. Therefore, it opened a new access to the construction of sensitive dual aptamer-based sandwich assays for real-world applications, particularly disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Nizet A, Cavalier E, Stenvinkel P, Haarhaus M, Magnusson P. Bone alkaline phosphatase: An important biomarker in chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 501:198-206. [PMID: 31734146 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an emerging major health problem. Indeed, disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism occur frequently in CKD and are termed chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). These can lead to cardiovascular pathology, resulting in an increased cardiovascular risk. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) is essential for biomineralization. Recent findings demonstrate a crucial role for BALP in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification and identified it as a promising predictor of mortality in CKD. In conjunction with parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum BALP has been suggested as a biomarker of bone turnover in CKD-MBD. In contrast to PTH, serum BALP demonstrates a lower variability and may thus be better suited for the diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of bone turnover. The linear association with mortality, compared to the U-shaped curve for PTH, is an additional advantage, making BALP more suitable than PTH as a treatment target in CKD. Here we review the main characteristics of alkaline phosphatase isozymes/isoforms and the various assays currently used in clinical routine laboratories. We also discuss the role of BALP in both physiological and pathological mineralization, and the clinical benefit of BALP determination in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Nizet
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Center of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Center of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Haarhaus
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Diaverum Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Yang J, Ma C, Zhang M. High glucose inhibits osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of MC3T3‑E1 cells by regulating P2X7. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5084-5090. [PMID: 31702818 PMCID: PMC6854521 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus adversely affects human bones and increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. In the present study, treatment with 30 mmol/l glucose was used to establish a high glucose (HG) cell model in vitro. Plasmids were used to overexpress the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) gene. Brilliant blue G and (4‑benzoyl‑benzoyl)‑ATP were used as a P2X7 antagonist and agonist, respectively. Proliferation of osteogenic MC3T3‑E1 cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined using MTT and colorimetric assays, respectively. Alizarin Red S was used to assess calcification of MC3T3‑E1 cells. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. The results demonstrated that HG inhibited MC3T3‑E1 cell proliferation and P2X7 expression, reduced calcification, and downregulated the expression levels of ALP and osteocalcin (Ocn) in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Overexpression of P2X7 in HG conditions increased calcification and proliferation, and upregulated the levels of ALP and Ocn in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Inhibition of P2X7 downregulated the expressions of ALP and Ocn in MC3T3‑E1 cells under HG conditions. Therefore, the present results indicated that HG caused damage to osteogenic MC3T3‑E1 cells. Thus, P2X7 may be a regulatory factor that may be used to counteract the effects of HG on osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Cao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Maoshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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Li W, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Ma Y, Guo Z, Liu Z. Controllably Prepared Aptamer-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Hybrid for High-Specificity and High-Affinity Recognition of Target Proteins. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4831-4837. [PMID: 30827094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and aptamers, as effective mimics of antibodies, can overcome only some drawbacks of antibodies. Since they have their own advantages and disadvantages, the combination of MIPs with aptamers could be an ideal solution to produce hybrid alternatives with improved properties and desirable features. Although quite a few attempts have been made in this direction, a facile and controllable approach for the preparation of aptamer-MIP hybrids still remains lacking. Herein, we present a new approach for facile and controllable preparation of aptamer-MIP hybrids for high-specificity and high-affinity recognition toward proteins. An aptamer that can bind the glycoprotein alkaline phosphatase (ALP) with relative weak affinity and specificity was used as a ligand, and controllable oriented surface imprinting was carried out with an in-water self-polymerization system of dopamine. A thin layer of polydopamine was formed to cover the template to an appropriate thickness. After removing the template from the polymer, an aptamer-MIP hybrid with apparently improved affinity and specificity toward ALP was obtained, giving cross-reactivity of 3.2-5.6% and a dissociation constant of 1.5 nM. With this aptamer-MIP hybrid, a plasmonic immunosandwich assay (PISA) was developed. Reliable detection of ALP in human serum by the PISA was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Espín S, Ruiz S, Sánchez-Virosta P, Eeva T. Effects of calcium supplementation on growth and biochemistry in two passerine species breeding in a Ca-poor and metal-polluted area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9809-9821. [PMID: 26856860 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies provide evidence of calcium (Ca)-limited reproduction in birds. A Ca-supplementation experiment was carried out in 2014 in a Ca-poor area associated with metal pollution in SW Finland. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between Ca availability and heavy metal exposure in free-living passerines, and to compare Ca levels in plasma and feces and the effects of Ca supplementation and metals on breeding, nestling growth, and plasma biochemistry in great tits and pied flycatchers. Although the Ca supplement was used by parents, in general the treatment had limited effects on growth and biochemistry, suggesting that parents are capable of finding sufficient Ca-rich foods to allow nestlings to grow properly. Snail shells were an abundant Ca source in the moderately polluted zone for pied flycatcher, and great tits likely combines the intake of snail shells and other anthropogenic Ca-rich items. Great tits had higher Ca concentrations in feces and plasma than pied flycatcher nestlings, suggesting that they need and sustain higher Ca levels and seem to be more opportunistic in search for Ca than pied flycatcher, since they consumed more of the supplemented Ca. Negative effects of pollution in nestling size and fledgling number were found in great tit. This species may suffer especially from the lower food quality and quantity in the polluted area. The pied flycatcher seems to be adapted to low Ca availability and they can successfully breed when metal concentrations are not too high. Our results show that great tits and pied flycatchers may employ different strategies in response to low Ca availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Espín
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Sandra Ruiz
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Pablo Sánchez-Virosta
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Eeva
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
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Campos-Obando N, Kavousi M, Roeters van Lennep JE, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Franco OH, Zillikens MC. Bone health and coronary artery calcification: The Rotterdam Study. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:278-83. [PMID: 25690697 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular calcification has been associated inconsistently to low bone mineral density and fractures. The aims of the present study were to investigate the associations between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and BMD change, BMD and fracture risk in elderly subjects of the population-based Rotterdam Study. METHODS BMD was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and CAC through Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in 582 men and 694 women. We investigated the associations between BMD change (6.4 years follow-up) and CAC at follow-up and between BMD and CAC (measured simultaneously). In sensitivity analyses we stratified analyses for estradiol levels in women. The association between CAC and fracture risk (9 years follow-up) was tested through competing-risks models. Models were sex-stratified and adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, bisphosphonate use and age at menopause. RESULTS There was no association between BMD change and CAC in men. In women, each 1% increase in annual BMD loss was significantly associated with higher follow-up CAC [β = 0.22 (0.06-0.38), p=0.006; prevalence ratio: 4%]. Stratified analyses showed significant associations between BMD loss and follow-up CAC only in women with lower estradiol levels. We found no association between CAC and fracture risk and no association between BMD and CAC cross-sectionally. CONCLUSIONS BMD loss was associated with higher follow-up CAC in women, which might be related to low estrogen levels. No association between CAC and BMD or fracture risk was found. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms that might underlie the association between BMD change and coronary calcification in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Genomics Initiative-Sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing (NCHA), 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Bi X, Liu Z. Enzyme Activity Assay of Glycoprotein Enzymes Based on a Boronate Affinity Molecularly Imprinted 96-Well Microplate. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12382-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503778w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Bi
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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Richardson RB. Age-specific bone tumour incidence rates are governed by stem cell exhaustion influencing the supply and demand of progenitor cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 139:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Calabuig CP, Ferrer M, Muriel R, Tilgar V. Plasma alkaline phosphatase as a sensitive indicator of age and skeletal development in wild coscoroba swans. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/wr09160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context. Recent studies have suggested that plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) can be used to assess skeletal development as well as health status in wild animals. Aims. However, the information about age-related dynamics of ALP in birds, especially in precocial species, is very scarce. Therefore, before ALP measurements can be effectively interpreted, it is necessary to determine its normal variation for each species, age group and sex. Methods. Here, we report total-ALP levels of free-living coscoroba swans (Coscoroba coscoroba) from the most important breeding and moulting population in Brazil. Data were gathered during the moulting period and categorised according to sex and the following three different age classes: chick (n = 11), young (n = 14) and mature (n = 29). Key results. ALP levels were related to the longitudinal measure of the bones, gradually diminishing with age and showing significant differences among birds of different age classes. In all age groups, no effect of sex on T-ALP concentration was detected. Conclusions. We conclude that measuring ALP facilitates the discrimination among different-aged individuals with similar plumage characteristics and body size.
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Tilgar V, Kilgas P, Viitak A, Reynolds SJ. The rate of bone mineralization in birds is directly related to alkaline phosphatase activity. Physiol Biochem Zool 2007; 81:106-11. [PMID: 18040977 DOI: 10.1086/523305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that a biochemical marker, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), can be used as a general indicator of skeletal development in vertebrate animals. In birds, age-related variation in ALP activity, presumably due to bone formation processes, has been demonstrated, but to date, a direct connection between bone mineralization and enzyme activity has been elusive. In this study, we show that the activity of a bone isoform of ALP (bone ALP) is closely related to the overall rate of skeletal mineralization in nestlings of a small passerine bird, the great tit (Parus major L). Moreover, bone ALP activity predicted the rate of mineralization of leg and wing bones but not that of the skull. Liver isoform of ALP was only marginally related to the overall rate of skeletal mineralization, while no association with the mineralization of long bones was found. We conclude that bone ALP activity in the blood plasma is a reliable biomarker for skeletal mineralization in birds. This marker enables detection of subtle developmental differences between chicks of similar structural size, potentially facilitating the prediction of offspring mid- and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallo Tilgar
- Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, Centre of Basic and Applied Ecology, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014,
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13
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Calcium availability affects bone growth in nestlings of free-living great tits (Parus major), as detected by plasma alkaline phosphatase. J Zool (1987) 2004. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836904005254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Tilgar V, Ots I, Mänd R. Bone Alkaline Phosphatase as a Sensitive Indicator of Skeletal Development in Birds: A Study of the Great Tit Nestlings. Physiol Biochem Zool 2004; 77:530-5. [PMID: 15286925 DOI: 10.1086/420947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vallo Tilgar
- Centre of Basic and Applied Ecology, Institute of Zoology and Hydrobiology, Tartu University, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and 5' nucleotidase are the most common enzymes used in the evaluation of cholestasis. The present knowledge of these enzymes including their function, activity measurement, biologic variables of enzyme activity in healthy persons and disease states, and clinical significance are reviewed. Usefulness of enzymes patterns for diagnosis of specific cholestatic disorders and future directions in evaluation of cholestasis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva U Sotil
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
We investigated skeletal involvement in five male and two female patients with ochronosis, aged 26-82 years. The main parameters of mineral metabolism, together with biochemical markers of bone resorption (urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen) and formation (serum bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and serum osteocalcin) were evaluated. In the same subjects lumbar spine and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were also measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All patients but the younger 26-year-old patient had lower than normal bone mass at femoral neck and total hip, showing marked osteopenia in three cases and osteoporosis in the remaining three cases. However, at lumbar spine BMD measurement provided spuriously overestimated results, because of intervertebral disc calcification and osteophyte formation. As far as biochemical markers of bone turnover are concerned, the most relevant finding was the increased N-telopeptides of type I collagen urinary excretion. Our results suggest that ochronosis may be associated with increased bone resorption rate leading to an accelerated bone loss. A role of the homogentisic acid polymer deposit in bone matrix and cells, possibly with osteocyte damage and interference in collagen metabolism, might be hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Aliberti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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17
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Spieth ME, Kasner DL, Manor WF. Positron emission tomography and Paget disease: hot is not necessarily malignant. Clin Nucl Med 2003; 28:773-4. [PMID: 12973006 DOI: 10.1097/01.rlu.0000082671.73091.db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors imaged a lung cancer patient with an enlarging solitary pulmonary nodule and incidentally found intense activity in the right proximal humerus consistent with known Paget disease confirmed via plain film and computed tomography (CT) without change in the CT appearance or symptoms during the next 7 months. The alkaline phosphatase and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels were in the normal ranges. Their findings of high uptake with normal alkaline phosphatase and ALT are contradictory to previous reports. The authors present a case of Paget disease that appeared "hot" on positron emission tomography initially thought to be a malignant transformation that typically demonstrated high uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Spieth
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine Section, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA
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18
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Carnevale V, Pacitti MT, Pileri M, Paglia F, Scillitani A, Dionisi S, Caravella P, Romagnoli E, Minisola S. Short-term effects of surgery in post-menopausal patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and normal bone turnover. J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24:575-9. [PMID: 11686539 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The most common clinical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is nowadays characterized by a slight skeletal involvement. We studied 5 consecutive female patients with PHPT presenting with bone turnover marker levels within the reference range of our Center and whose bone mineral density values were above the usual fracture risk threshold. In each patient we measured, both in basal conditions and daily, for the first 5 days after surgery, the following indexes: serum total (T-ALP) and bone-specific (B-ALP) alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin (BGP, by two different assays), together with the 24-hour urinary excretions of total pyridinoline (Pyr/Cr) and deoxypyridinoline (DPyr/Cr), free deoxypyridinoline (FD-Pyr/Cr), cross-linked N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx/Cr), and type I C-telopeptide (CTx/Cr). The markers of both bone formation and resorption significantly decreased after surgery (p<0.001 by multiple ANOVA). Individual post-surgical markers changes were all significant but T-ALP and FD-Pyr, the most pronounced percent reductions being shown by NTx and CTx. The time-course of such variations substantially differed among the various indexes. These results show that bone formation and resorption markers are up-regulated also in PHPT patients with mild skeletal involvement; acute removal of parathyroid hormone excess differently affected the markers of bone turnover in terms of both entity and time-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Carnevale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
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