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Candela V, Longo UG, Berton A, Salvatore G, Forriol F, de Sire A, Denaro V. Genome-Wide Association Screens for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2330. [PMID: 38673603 PMCID: PMC11050965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of ACL rupture is not clarified. The aim of this study is to identify genomic regions and genetic variants relevant to anterior cruciate ligament injury susceptibility that could be involved in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with a PRISMA checklist and algorithm. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using combinations of the terms "anterior cruciate ligament", "ACL", "rupture", "genetics", "single nucleotide polymorphisms", and "SNP" since the inception of the databases until 2021. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included. A total of 7724 patients were analyzed. In total, 3477 patients had ACL ruptures and 4247 patients were controls. Genetic variants in genes encoding for collagens, elastin, fibrillin, matrix metalloproteinases, proteoglycans, angiogenesis-associated signaling cascade proteins, growth differentiation factors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases, interleukins, and fibrinogen were analyzed. CONCLUSION Findings regarding the association between genes encoding for collagen (COL3A1, COL1A1, and COL12A1), aggrecan (ACAN), decorin (DCN), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), biglycan (BGN), fibrinogen (FGB), and ACL injuries were found to be inconclusive. Additional evidence is required in order to establish substantial conclusions regarding the association between genetic variants and ACL rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Candela
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berton
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salvatore
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francisco Forriol
- Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine Division, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Research Center on Musculoskeletal Health, MusculoSkeletalHealth@UMG, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (A.B.); (G.S.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Ebert JR, Magi A, Unt E, Prans E, Wood DJ, Koks S. Genome-wide association study identifying variants related to performance and injury in high-performance athletes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1799-1805. [PMID: 37750015 PMCID: PMC10792416 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231198068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence exists supporting the role that genetic variation plays in athletic performance and injury. This study sought to identify genetic variants associated with performance and lower limb musculoskeletal injury in a high-level athletic cohort. A total of 126 Estonian National Team members (Olympic athletes and participants of International Championships) (104 males, 82.5%) underwent a genome-wide association analysis between 2017 and 2018, to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with performance and/or injury. The athletic cohort was stratified within each sport based on performance and whether they were a medalist (n = 29) or not (n = 97), whether they sustained an injury (n = 47) or not (n = 79), and the type of injury (patella tendinopathy n = 22, Achilles tendinopathy n = 17, hamstring injury n = 3, anterior cruciate ligament rupture n = 6). Three SNPs demonstrated strong genome-wide association with athletic performance (podium/medalist versus not), including DSG1 (rs10502567, OR 14.3) and DSG4 (rs73410248, OR 17.4), while 76 SNPs demonstrated suggestive significance. Overall, 37 SNPs gave genome-wide suggestive association with any type of injury, including PAPPA2 (rs11580456, OR 13.8) and MAS1 (rs220735, rs170219, OR 3.1) which demonstrated positive signal with multiple SNPs. Several genes demonstrated positive association for the specific injury types, including COL22A1 (rs3924862) and PLXNA2 (rs11799530), as well as PAPPA2 (rs11580456), DOK5 (rs73142922), GNG12 (rs28435277), and DAP (rs267959, rs2930047, rs1080440, rs267939). The current study identified genetic variants associated with high-level athletic performance and musculoskeletal injury. Further work is required to permit integration of this and future knowledge into individualized training practices, as well as injury mitigation and rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Ebert
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Agnes Magi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eve Unt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ele Prans
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - David J Wood
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Collins M, September AV. Are commercial genetic injury tests premature? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1584-1597. [PMID: 37243491 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies have emerged that claim to be able to test for susceptibility for musculoskeletal injuries. Although there are several publications on the emergence of this industry, none have critically evaluated the evidence for the use of genetic polymorphisms in commercial tests. The aim of this review was to identify, where possible, the polymorphisms and to evaluate the current scientific evidence for their inclusion. RESULTS The most common polymorphisms included COL1A1 rs1800012, COL5A1 rs12722, and GDF5 rs143383. The current evidence suggests that it is premature or even not viable to include these three polymorphisms as markers of injury risk. A unique set of injury-specific polymorphisms, which do not include COL1A1, COL5A1, or GDF5, identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is used by one company in their tests for 13 sports injuries. However, of the 39 reviewed polymorphisms, 22 effective alleles are rare and absent in African, American, and/or Asian populations. Even when informative in all populations, the sensitivity of many of the genetic markers was low and/or has not been independently validated in follow-up studies. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence suggests it is premature to include any of the reviewed polymorphisms identified by GWAS or candidate gene approaches in commercial genetic tests. The association of MMP7 rs1937810 with Achilles tendon injuries, and SAP30BP rs820218 and GLCCI1 rs4725069 with rotator cuff injuries does warrant further investigation. Based on current evidence, it remains premature to market any commercial genetic test to determine susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
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Massidda M, Flore L, Scorcu M, Monteleone G, Tiloca A, Salvi M, Tocco F, Calò CM. Collagen Gene Variants and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in Italian Athletes: A Preliminary Report. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1418. [PMID: 37510322 PMCID: PMC10379389 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of genetics in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, often returning conflicting results. The present pilot study aimed to analyze the association between six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1800012; rs12722; rs13946; rs240736; rs970547; and rs4870723, located on the COL1A1, COL5A1, COL12A1, and COL14A1 genes), and ACL rupture, among Italian athletes. A hypothesis-driven association study was conducted. In total, 181 male and female athletes (n = 86 injured; n = 96 non-injured) were genotyped for the prioritized variants. All polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR RFLP, with the only exception being the rs1800012 on the COL1A1 gene, which was detected using MTPA PCR. The allele frequency distribution fell within the worldwide range. Despite the evident population variability, no selective pressure signals were recorded using PBS analysis. No significant difference was detected between the cases and controls for any of the SNPs (rs1800012; rs13946; rs240736; rs970547, and rs4870723) included in the analyses (p > 0.008, Bonferroni-adjusted for multiple comparisons). Moreover, no significant differences were found when males and females were assessed separately. Further investigations based on a larger sample size are needed, in order to draw solid conclusions for the influence between collagen genes and ACL rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotis Massidda
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Flore
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Marco Scorcu
- Italian Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), CR Sardegna, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tiloca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Tocco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Carla M Calò
- Department of Sciences of Life and Environment, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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Sun Z, Cięszczyk P, Lulińska E, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Johne M, Humińska-Lisowska K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Ficek K, Leońska-Duniec A, Mastalerz A, Janczyk A, Marek S. Are COL22A1 Gene Polymorphisms rs11784270 and rs6577958 Associated with Susceptibility to a Non-Contact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Polish Athletes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:515. [PMID: 36612834 PMCID: PMC9819041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the risk factors and etiology of ACL ruptures (anterior cruciate ligament) is crucial due to the injury’s high occurrence, significant financial cost to the healthcare sector, and clinical consequences. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that rs11784270 A/C and rs6577958 C/T SNPs (single gene polymorphism) within COL22A1 are associated with ACL ruptures (ACLR) in Polish soccer players. Methods: 228 athletes with ACLR (157 male, age 26 ± 4, 71 female, age 26 ± 6) and 202 control athletes (117 male, age 26 ± 6, 85 female, age 29 ± 2) engaged in the study. The buccal cell swabs were genotyped using TaqMan® pre-designed SNP genotyping assays, following the manufacturer’s recommendations. The R program and SNPassoc package were used to determine the genotype and allele frequency distributions under the various inheritance models (co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and over-dominant). Further, p-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. We found no association between the analyzed polymorphisms and the risk of non-contact ACL ruptures in any of the studied models. Although the genetic variants investigated in this study were not associated with the risk of non-contact ACL ruptures, we assumed that the COL22A1 gene remains a candidate for further investigations in musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Lulińska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Monika Johne
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mastalerz
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Janczyk
- Center for Physiotherapy, Military Unit No. 6021, 01-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sawczuk Marek
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
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Brazier J, Antrobus MR, Herbert AJ, Callus PC, Khanal P, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Heffernan SM, Kilduff LP, Bennett MA, Erskine RM, Raleigh SM, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Williams AG. Gene variants previously associated with reduced soft-tissue injury risk: Part 2 - Polygenic associations with elite status in Rugby. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36503489 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2155877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Part 1 of this genetic association series highlighted several genetic variants independently associated with elite status in rugby. However, it is highly likely that the genetic influence on elite status is polygenic due to the interaction of multiple genes. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether polygenic profiles of elite rugby athletes differed from non-athletes utilising 13 genetic polymorphisms previously associated with tendon/ligament injury. Total genotype score (TGS) was calculated and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to calculate SNP-SNP epistasis interactions. Based on our elite rugby data from Part 1, mean TGS was significantly higher in elite rugby athletes (52.1 ± 10.7) than non-athletes (48.7 ± 10.8). There were more elite rugby athletes (54%) within the upper TGS quartile, and fewer (46%) within the lower quartile, compared to non-athletes (31% and 69%, respectively; P = 5·10-5), and the TGS was able to distinguish between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes (area under the curve = 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.63; P = 9·10-7). Furthermore, MDR identified a three-SNP model of COL5A1 rs12722, COL5A1 rs3196378 and MIR608 rs4919510 that was best able to predict elite athlete status, with a greater frequency of the CC-CC-CC genotype combination in elite rugby athletes (9.8%) than non-athletes (5.3%). We propose that elite rugby athletes possess "preferable" musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury-associated polygenic profiles that have helped them achieve success in the high injury risk environment of rugby. These data may, in future, have implications for the individual management of musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury.Highlights Elite rugby athletes have preferable polygenic profiles to non-athletes in terms of genetic variants previously associated with musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury.The total genotype score was able to distinguish between elite rugby athletes and non-athletes.COL5A1 rs12722, COL5A1 rs3196378 and MIR608 rs4919510 produced the best model for predicting elite athlete status.We propose that elite rugby athletes may have an inherited advantage to achieving elite status due to an increased resistance to soft-tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brazier
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK.,Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Mark R Antrobus
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK.,Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Adam J Herbert
- Research Centre for Life and Sport Sciences (C-LaSS), School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter C Callus
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
| | - Praval Khanal
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK
| | - Stephen H Day
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Liam P Kilduff
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Mark A Bennett
- Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Robert M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart M Raleigh
- Cardiovascular and Lifestyle Medicine Research Group, CSELS, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- FIMS Reference Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine for Anti-Doping Research, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Alun G Williams
- Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 7EL, UK.,Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Ribbans WJ, September AV, Collins M. Tendon and Ligament Genetics: How Do They Contribute to Disease and Injury? A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050663. [PMID: 35629331 PMCID: PMC9147569 DOI: 10.3390/life12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients requiring musculoskeletal management present with tendon and ligament pathology. Our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to such disabilities is increasing. However, the complexity underpinning these interactive multifactorial elements is still not fully characterised. Evidence highlighting the genetic components, either reducing or increasing susceptibility to injury, is increasing. This review examines the present understanding of the role genetic variations contribute to tendon and ligament injury risk. It examines the different elements of tendon and ligament structure and considers our knowledge of genetic influence on form, function, ability to withstand load, and undertake repair or regeneration. The role of epigenetic factors in modifying gene expression in these structures is also explored. It considers the challenges to interpreting present knowledge, the requirements, and likely pathways for future research, and whether such information has reached the point of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ribbans
- School of Health, The University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
- The County Clinic, Northampton NN1 5DB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1604-795414
| | - Alison V. September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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Association of COL5A1 gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries: a meta-analysis based on 21 observational studies. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:129. [PMID: 35241120 PMCID: PMC8895797 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Inconsistent findings existed on the correlation of collagen type V α1 (COL5A1) gene polymorphisms and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (MSTIs). The purpose of this study was to collect and combine the current evidences by a meta-analysis approach. Methods Six online databases were searched up to August, 2021. The methodological quality of each individual study was evaluated based upon Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). The strength of the effect size was presented by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) in five genetic models. The data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results Twenty-one studies were eligible to this meta-analysis. The study quality was deemed fair to excellent according to NOS. In the overall analyses, the merged data suggested that rs12722, rs71746744, and rs3196378 polymorphisms were correlated to an increased susceptibility to MSTIs. But the association was not established in rs13946 or rs11103544 polymorphism. For rs12722 polymorphism, stratified analyses by injury type and ethnicity identified the association mainly existed in ligament injury and among Caucasian population. For rs13946 polymorphism, subgroup analysis suggested the association existed in tendon and ligament injuries. Conclusion This study supports that rs12722 is associated with an elevated susceptibility to ligament injury, especially in the Caucasian population. Rs13946 polymorphism appears to increase the risk to tendon and ligament injuries. Rs71746744 and rs3196378 polymorphisms have a tendency to confer an elevated risk to MSTIs. However, no relevance is found between rs11103544 polymorphism and MSTIs.
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COL5A1 RS12722 Is Associated with Temporomandibular Joint Anterior Disc Displacement without Reduction in Polish Caucasians. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092423. [PMID: 34572072 PMCID: PMC8470511 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports describe the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12722 and rs13946 in the COL5A1 gene and injuries, such as Achilles tendon pathology, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and tennis elbow. Hence, there were no studies investigating COL5A1 and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between COL5A1 rs12722 and rs13946 SNPs and TMJ articular disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR). In this case-control study, the study group consisted of 124 Caucasian patients of both sexes. Each patient had a history of ADDwoR no more than 3 months prior. The control group comprised 126 patients with no signs of TMD according to DC/TMD. Genotyping of the selected SNPs was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. The significance of the differences in the distribution of genotypes was analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test. Logistic regression modeling was performed to analyze the influence of the 164 investigated SNPs on ADDwoR. The COL5A1 marker rs12722 turned out to be statistically significant (p-value = 0.0119), implying that there is a difference in the frequencies of TMJ ADDwoR. The distribution of rs12722 SNPs in the study group TT(66), CC(27), CT(31) vs. control group TT(45), CC(26), CT(51) indicates that patients with CT had an almost 2.4 times higher likelihood of ADDwoR (OR = 2.41) than those with reference TT (OR = 1), while rs13946 genotypes were shown to be insignificant, with a p-value of 0.1713. The COL5A1 rs12722 polymorphism is a risk factor for ADDwoR in the Polish Caucasian population.
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Lv ZT, Wang W, Zhao DM, Huang JM. COL12A1 rs970547 Polymorphism Does Not Alter Susceptibility to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Meta-Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:665861. [PMID: 34447406 PMCID: PMC8383292 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.665861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Currently available evidence regarding the association between collagen type XII α1 (COL12A1) polymorphism and risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) remains elusive. The aim of our present study was to assess the association between COL12A1 rs970547 polymorphism and ACLR risk. Methods: Five online databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CNKI, were searched from their inception data up to December 2020 to identify relative observational studies. The methodological quality of each individual study was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The “model-free approach” was employed to estimate the magnitude of effect of COL12A1 rs970547 polymorphism on ACLR, and the association was expressed using odds ratio (OR) and its associated 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Subgroup analysis was performed by ethnicity and sex of included subjects. Results: Eight studies involving 1,477 subjects with ACLR and 100,439 healthy controls were finally included in our study. The methodological quality of included studies was deemed moderate to high based on NOS scores. The “model-free” approach suggested no genotype differences between ACLR and healthy control for the rs970547 polymorphism, but we still used the allele model to present the combined data. Under the random-effect model, there was no significant difference in the frequency of effecting allele between ACLR and control (OR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.77, 1.08; p = 0.28). Stratified analysis by sex and ethnicity also showed no difference in allele frequency. Conclusion: The findings of this current meta-analysis suggested that rs970547 was not associated with ACLR risk in male, female, and the overall population among Asians or Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Interactions between Gene Variants within the COL1A1 and COL5A1 Genes and Musculoskeletal Injuries in Physically Active Caucasian. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071056. [PMID: 34356072 PMCID: PMC8307722 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The COL1A1 and COL5A1 variants have been associated with the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to investigate the association between three polymorphisms within two genes (rs1800012 in COL1A1, as well as rs12722 and rs13946 in COL5A1) and the reported, yet rarely described in the literature, injuries of the joint and muscle area in a physically active Caucasian population. Polish students (n = 114) were recruited and divided into the following two groups: students with (n = 53) and without (n = 61) injures. Genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR. The results obtained revealed a statistically significant association between rs1800012 COL1A1 and injury under an overdominant model. Specifically, when adjusted for age and sex, the GT heterozygotes had a 2.2 times higher chance of being injured compared with both homozygotes (TT and GG, 95% CI 0.59–5.07, p = 0.040). However, no significant interaction between the COL5A1 variants, either individually or in haplotype combination, and susceptibility to injury were found. In addition, the gene–gene interaction analysis did not reveal important relationships with the musculoskeletal injury status. It was demonstrated that rs1800012 COL1A1 may be positively associated with physical activity-related injuries in a Caucasian population. Harboring the specific GT genotype may be linked to a higher risk of being injured.
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12
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Baker LA, Momen M, McNally R, Berres ME, Binversie EE, Sample SJ, Muir P. Biologically Enhanced Genome-Wide Association Study Provides Further Evidence for Candidate Loci and Discovers Novel Loci That Influence Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture in a Dog Model. Front Genet 2021; 12:593515. [PMID: 33763109 PMCID: PMC7982834 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.593515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common condition that disproportionately affects young people, 50% of whom will develop knee osteoarthritis (OA) within 10 years of rupture. ACL rupture exhibits both hereditary and environmental risk factors, but the genetic basis of the disease remains unexplained. Spontaneous ACL rupture in the dog has a similar disease presentation and progression, making it a valuable genomic model for ACL rupture. We leveraged the dog model with Bayesian mixture model (BMM) analysis (BayesRC) to identify novel and relevant genetic variants associated with ACL rupture. We performed RNA sequencing of ACL and synovial tissue and assigned single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within differentially expressed genes to biological prior classes. SNPs with the largest effects were on chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 9, and 24. Selection signature analysis identified several regions under selection in ACL rupture cases compared to controls. These selection signatures overlapped with genome-wide associations with ACL rupture as well as morphological traits. Notable findings include differentially expressed ACSF3 with MC1R (coat color) and an association on chromosome 7 that overlaps the boundaries of SMAD2 (weight and body size). Smaller effect associations were within or near genes associated with regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, including several collagen genes. The results of the current analysis are consistent with previous work published by our laboratory and others, and also highlight new genes in biological pathways that have not previously been associated with ACL rupture. The genetic associations identified in this study mirror those found in human beings, which lays the groundwork for development of disease-modifying therapies for both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Baker
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mehdi Momen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel McNally
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mark E Berres
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily E Binversie
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Susannah J Sample
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter Muir
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Laguette MJN, Barrow K, Firfirey F, Dlamini S, Saunders CJ, Dandara C, Gamieldien J, Collins M, September AV. Exploring new genetic variants within COL5A1 intron 4-exon 5 region and TGF-β family with risk of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:1856-1865. [PMID: 31922278 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Variants within genes encoding structural and regulatory elements of ligaments have been associated with musculoskeletal soft tissue injury risk. The role of intron 4-exon 5 variants within the α1 chain of type V collagen (COL5A1) gene and genes of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family, TGFBR3 and TGFBI, was investigated on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. A case-control genetic association study was performed on 210 control (CON) and 249 participants with surgically diagnosed ruptures (ACL), of which 147 reported a noncontact mechanism of injury (NON). Whole-exome sequencing data were used to prioritize variants of potential functional relevance. Genotyping for COL5A1 (rs3922912 G>A, rs4841926 C>T, and rs3124299 C>T), TGFBR3 (rs1805113 G>A and rs1805117 T>C), and TGFBI (rs1442 G>C) was performed using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Significant overrepresentation of the G allele of TGFBR3 rs1805113 was observed in CON vs ACL (P = .014) and NON groups (P = .021). Similar results were obtained in a female with the G allele (CON vs ACL: P = .029; CON vs NON: P = .016). The TGFBI rs1442 CC genotype was overrepresented in the female ACL vs CON (P = .013). Associations of inferred allele combinations were observed in line with the above results. COL5A1 intron 4-exon 5 genomic interval was not associated with the risk of ACL ruptures. Instead, this novel study is the first to use this approach to identify variants within the TGF-β signaling pathway to be implicated in the risk of ACL ruptures. A genetic susceptibility interval was identified to be explored in the context of extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Jessica N Laguette
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kelly Barrow
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Firzana Firfirey
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Senanile Dlamini
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Colleen J Saunders
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/MRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Bellville, South Africa.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Junaid Gamieldien
- South African National Bioinformatics Institute/MRC Unit for Bioinformatics Capacity, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, ESSM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Research Centre for Health Through Physical Activity and Sport, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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14
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Tendon and Ligament Injuries in Elite Rugby: The Potential Genetic Influence. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7060138. [PMID: 31167482 PMCID: PMC6628064 DOI: 10.3390/sports7060138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews tendon and ligament injury incidence and severity within elite rugby union and rugby league. Furthermore, it discusses the biological makeup of tendons and ligaments and how genetic variation may influence this and predisposition to injury. Elite rugby has one of the highest reported injury incidences of any professional sport. This is likely due to a combination of well-established injury surveillance systems and the characteristics of the game, whereby high-impact body contact frequently occurs, in addition to the high intensity, multispeed and multidirectional nature of play. Some of the most severe of all these injuries are tendon and ligament/joint (non-bone), and therefore, potentially the most debilitating to a player and playing squad across a season or World Cup competition. The aetiology of these injuries is highly multi-factorial, with a growing body of evidence suggesting that some of the inter-individual variability in injury susceptibility may be due to genetic variation. However, little effort has been devoted to the study of genetic injury traits within rugby athletes. Due to a growing understanding of the molecular characteristics underpinning the aetiology of injury, investigating genetic variation within elite rugby is a viable and worthy proposition. Therefore, we propose several single nucleotide polymorphisms within candidate genes of interest; COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, MIR608, MMP3, TIMP2, VEGFA, NID1 and COLGALT1 warrant further study within elite rugby and other invasion sports.
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15
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Bisciotti GN, Chamari K, Cena E, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Corsini A, Volpi P. Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors in football. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1724-1738. [PMID: 31062538 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesion represents one of the most dramatic injuries in a football (soccer) player's career. There are many injury risk factors related to intrinsic (non-modifiable) and/or extrinsic (modifiable) factors of ACL injury. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Research of the studies was conducted until September 2018 without publication data limitation or language restriction on the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ISI, EXCERPTA. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS To date, evidence from the literature suggests that the risk of ACL injury is multifactorial and involves biomechanical, anatomical, hormonal, and neuromuscular factors. Despite this relative complexity, the mechanisms of injury are well known and rationally classified into two categories: mechanisms of injury based on contact or on non-contact with another player, with the non-contact injury mechanisms clearly prevailing over the mechanisms of contact injury. One of the most frequent biomechanical risk factors, associated with ACL non-contact injury, is represented by the valgus knee in the pivoting and cutting movements and in the landing phase after jumping. Gender-related risk factors show female populations to have a higher predisposition to ACL injury than males However, there are still some theoretical and practical aspects that need further investigation such as; genetic risks together with the role of estrogen and progesterone receptors in female populations, and the in-vivo interaction shoe-playing surface. In particular, the genetic risk factors of ACL lesion seem to be an interesting and promising field of investigation, where considerable progress has still to be made. CONCLUSIONS This narrative review provides an insight into the risk factors of ACL injury that could be used by practitioners for preventing injury in football (soccer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Nicola Bisciotti
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar -
| | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Emanuele Cena
- Qatar Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Hospital, FIFA Center of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | - Piero Volpi
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Traumatology, Department of Knee Orthopedic and Sports, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Lulińska-Kuklik E, Maculewicz E, Moska W, Ficek K, Kaczmarczyk M, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Humińska-Lisowska K, Buryta M, Chycki J, Cięszczyk P, Żmijewski P, Rzeszutko A, Sawczuk M, Stastny P, Petr M, Maciejewska-Skrendo A. Are IL1B, IL6 and IL6R Gene Variants Associated with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Susceptibility? J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:137-145. [PMID: 30787661 PMCID: PMC6370956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines, such as interleukins, are crucial in regulating critical cell signaling pathways as well as being major contributors to inflammatory response and are upregulated during ligament and tendon injuries. The genes encoding key interleukins, such as IL1B and IL6 as well as interleukin receptor IL6R, were chosen as candidate genes for association with soft tissue injuries. The aim of the case-control study was to verify the hypothesis that sequence variants rs1143627, rs16944, rs1800795, rs2228145 in the IL1B, IL6 and IL6R genes are associated with ACL rupture susceptibility in a Polish population. Among four analyzed SNPs, the rs1800795 IL6 gene polymorphism was found to be the only one significantly associated with ACL rupture (p = 0.010, p = 0.022, p = 0.004 for codominant, recessive and overdominant models, respectively; odds ratio = 1.74, 95% CI 1.08-2.81, sex adjusted p = 0.032 for recessive model). With reference to the other analyzed polymorphisms, we failed to show significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies for IL6R rs2228145as well as IL1B rs16944 and rs1143627 (analyzed alone or in haplotype combination) between the ACL rupture group and the healthy control group among Polish participants. Due to the nature of case-control studies, the results of this study need to be confirmed in independent studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Department of Applied Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Moska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Buryta
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Chycki
- Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agata Rzeszutko
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Petr Stastny
- Department of Sport Games, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Petr
- Department of Sport Games, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Lulińska-Kuklik E, Rahim M, Moska W, Maculewicz E, Kaczmarczyk M, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Ficek K, Cieszczyk P, September AV, Sawczuk M. Are MMP3, MMP8 and TIMP2 gene variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture susceptibility? J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:753-757. [PMID: 30755371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) is a common and severe knee injury which typically occurs as a result of sports participation, primarily via a non-contact mechanism. A number of extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors, including genetics, have been identified thus far. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) play a crucial role in extracellular matrix remodeling of ligaments and therefore the genes encoding MMPs and TIMPs are plausible candidates for investigation with ACL rupture risk. DESIGN A case-control genetic association study was conducted on 229 (158 male) individuals with surgically diagnosed primary ACLR, ruptured through non-contact mechanisms and 192 (107 male) apparently healthy participants (CON) without any history of ACLR. All participants were physically active, unrelated, self-reported Caucasians. METHODS All participants were genotyped for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP): MMP3 (rs591058C/T, rs679620 G/A), MMP8 (rs11225395C/T), and TIMP2 (rs4789932 G/A) using standard PCR assays. Gene-gene interactions were inferred. Single-locus association analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test. SNP-SNP interaction effects were analysed using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. RESULTS Genotype frequencies did not significantly differ between cases and controls, however, the MMP3 rs679620 G and rs591058C alleles were significantly overrepresented in cases compared to controls (p=0.021, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.05-1.81). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that genetic variation within MMP3 contributes to inter-individual susceptibility to non-contact ACLR. However, these results need to be explored further in larger, independent sample sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Masouda Rahim
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Waldemar Moska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Ewelina Maculewicz
- Applied Physiology Unit, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Pawel Cieszczyk
- Applied Physiology Unit, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Poland; Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
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18
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Sivertsen EA, Haug KBF, Kristianslund EK, Trøseid AMS, Parkkari J, Lehtimäki T, Mononen N, Pasanen K, Bahr R. No Association Between Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Selected Candidate Collagen Gene Variants in Female Elite Athletes From High-Risk Team Sports. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:52-58. [PMID: 30485117 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518808467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in collagen genes have been reported as predisposing factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the evidence is conflicting and does not support a clear association between genetic variants and risk of ACL ruptures. PURPOSE To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS A total of 851 female Norwegian and Finnish elite athletes from team sports were included from 2007 to 2011. ACL injuries acquired before inclusion in the cohort were registered by interview. The participants were followed prospectively through 2015 to record new complete ACL injuries. Six selected SNVs were genotyped ( COL1A1: rs1800012, rs1107946; COL3A1: rs1800255; COL5A1: rs12722, rs13946; COL12A1: rs970547). RESULTS No associations were found between ACL rupture and the SNVs tested. CONCLUSION The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Genetic profiling to identify athletes at high risk for ACL rupture is not yet feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Andreas Sivertsen
- Department of Surgery, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kari Bente Foss Haug
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Klami Kristianslund
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marie Siebke Trøseid
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nina Mononen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Pabalan N, Tharabenjasin P, Phababpha S, Jarjanazi H. Association of COL5A1 gene polymorphisms and risk of tendon-ligament injuries among Caucasians: a meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2018; 4:46. [PMID: 30350114 PMCID: PMC6197339 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendons and ligaments are common sites of musculoskeletal injuries especially during physical activity. The multifactorial etiology of tendon-ligament injury (TLI) includes both genetic and environmental factors. The genetic component could render influence on TLI risk to be either elevation or reduction. OBJECTIVE Inconsistency of reported associations of the collagen type V alpha 1 chain (COL5A1) polymorphisms, mainly rs12722 (BstUI) and rs13946 (DpnII), with TLI warrant a meta-analysis to determine more precise pooled associations. METHODS Multi-database literature search yielded eight articles (11 studies) for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate associations. Heterogeneity of outcomes warranted examining their sources with outlier treatment. RESULTS All rs12722 effects indicated reduced risk (OR < 1.0). The significant outcomes (ORs 0.59-0.77, p = 0.0009-0.04) in the pre-outlier analysis were non-heterogeneous (p > 0.10). The non-significant and heterogeneous (ORs 0.63-0.98, p = 0.13-0.95; up to I2 = 86%) pre-outlier rs12722 and rs13946 results became significant (ORs 0.32-0.78, p = 10-5-0.01) and heterogeneity eliminated (I2 = 0%) with outlier treatment. Significant associations (ORs 0.26-0.65, p = 0.002-0.03) were also observed in other COL5A1 polymorphisms (rs71746744 and rs16399). Sensitivity analysis deemed all significant outcomes to be robust. CONCLUSIONS In summary, COL5A1 polymorphisms reduce the risk of TLI among Caucasians. These findings are based on the evidence of significance, homogeneity, consistency, and robustness. Additional studies are warranted to draw more comprehensive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Suphawadee Phababpha
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lulińska-Kuklik E, Laguette MJN, Moska W, Weber-Rajek M, Ficek K, Puchala R, Cięszczyk P, Sawczuk M, September AV, Maciejewska-Skrendo A. Are TNC gene variants associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture susceptibility? J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:408-412. [PMID: 30528246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of inter-individual variations in a particular glycoprotein, TNC, and its potential contribution to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury susceptibility in Polish Caucasian participants. ACL rupture is one of the most prevalent and severe knee injury that predominantly occurs during sports participation, primarily via a non-contact mechanism. Several polymorphisms in genes encoding glycoproteins either independently or as allelic combinations, modulate the risk of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Specifically, the TNC rs1330363 (C>T), rs2104772 (T>A) and rs13321 (G>C) variants, independently or in haplotype combinations, were analysed in this context. DESIGN Case-control genetic association study. METHODS A group of 421 physically active, unrelated participants were recruited where 229 individuals with surgically diagnosed primary ACL rupture and 192 apparently healthy participants without any history of ACL injuries. Participants were genotyped for the above variants. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies of TNC variants did not differ between cases and controls. Haplotype analysis revealed no association between TNC and predisposition to ACL rupture. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses did not reveal a significant association between these TNC variants and risk of ACL rupture in Polish Caucasian participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Mary-Jessica Nancy Laguette
- UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Waldemar Moska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Magdalena Weber-Rajek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Medicine and Sport Physiotherapy, Academy of Sport Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- Department of Applied Physiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland; Faculty of Physical Education, Academy of Sport Education in Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - Alison Victoria September
- UCT Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
Background Studies have shown a familial predisposition for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and have been followed by genetic-association studies on polymorphisms in candidate genes in recent years. To date, no systematic review with a best-evidence synthesis has evaluated the influence of genetics on this devastating knee injury. Objective Our objective was to evaluate the association between genetic variants and ACL rupture. Methods We performed an extensive search in Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Publisher, Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, and Google scholar up to 24 August 2015. Studies were eligible if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) design was a case–control study, retrospective or prospective follow-up study, or a randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) the study examined the association between a genetic variant and ACL rupture in both an ACL and a control group. We determined the risk of bias for all included studies. Results We included a total of 16 studies (eight at high risk of bias and eight with an unclear risk) that examined 33 different DNA variants. Conflicting evidence was found for the COL1A1 rs1800012 and COL3A1 rs1800255 variants, whereas limited evidence was found for no association of the COL5A1 rs12722 and rs13946 and COL12A1 rs970547 variants (all encoding collagen). Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions as to whether any other genetic variant identified in this review had any association with ACL rupture. Conclusions More research is needed to support a clear association between ACL rupture and genetic variants. Genome-wide studies are recommended for exploring more potential genetic variants. Moreover, large prospective studies are needed to draw robust conclusions.
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Lulińska-Kuklik E, Rahim M, Domańska-Senderowska D, Ficek K, Michałowska-Sawczyn M, Moska W, Kaczmarczyk M, Brzeziański M, Brzeziańska-Lasota E, Cięszczyk P, September AV. Interactions between COL5A1 Gene and Risk of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture. J Hum Kinet 2018; 62:65-71. [PMID: 29922378 PMCID: PMC6006531 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen alpha-1(V) chain, encoded by the COL5A1 gene, plays a crucial role in abundant fibrillar collagens supporting many tissues in the body containing type I collagen and appears to regulate the association between heterotypic fibers composed of both type I and type V collagen occurring among others in muscles, tendons and ligaments. Taking this fact into consideration we decided to examine the association between COL5A1 rs12722 and rs13946 polymorphisms, individually and as inferred haplotypes, with anterior cruciate ligament rupture risk (ACLR) in professional soccer players. A total of 134 male professional soccer players with surgically diagnosed primary anterior cruciate ligament ruptures and 211 apparently healthy male professional soccer players, who were without any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury, were included in the study. Both the cases and the healthy controls were recruited from the same soccer teams, of a similar age category, and had a comparable level of exposure to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells using GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA MiniprepKit. All samples were genotyped for the rs12722 and rs13946 polymorphisms using a Rotor-Gene realtime polymerase chain reaction. Statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies for the COL5A1 rs13946 polymorphisms in dominant modes of inheritance occurred (p = 0.039). Statistically significant differences were documented only in the dominant model under the representation tendency of the C-C haplotype in the ACLR group compared to controls (p = 0.038). Our results suggest that variation in the COL5A1 gene may be one of the non-modifiable factors associated with the ACL injury in professional soccer players. The C-C rs12722-rs13946 haplotype provides a protective effect against the ACL tear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Lulińska-Kuklik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Masouda Rahim
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daria Domańska-Senderowska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Galen-Orthopaedics, Bierun, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Moska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian Medical University, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Brzeziański
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
- Department of Molecular Bases of Medicine, 1st Chair of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alison V September
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Lv ZT. Comment on: “Genetic Variants and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Systematic Review”. Sports Med 2018; 48:1021-1025. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lv ZT, Gao ST, Cheng P, Liang S, Yu SY, Yang Q, Chen AM. Association between polymorphism rs12722 in COL5A1 and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:15365-15374. [PMID: 29632650 PMCID: PMC5880610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs12722 polymorphism in COL5A1 gene has been implicated in the etiology of musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries in several association studies with limited sample size and conflicting results. The purpose of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and synthesize the currently available data on the association between rs12722 and musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Five electronic databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang were searched to identify relevant studies published before 15 May, 2017. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using the RevMan 5.3 software. Nine studies comprising 1140 cases and 1410 healthy controls met the eligibility criteria. Recessive model was confirmed to be the optimum model (TT vs TC + CC). The results indicated that rs12722 SNP was significantly associated with musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.33, 1.89; P < 0.00001). When stratified by injury sites, modest but statistically significant association was found in Achilles tendon pathology (ATP), anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACLI) and tennis elbow (TE). Subgroup-analysis by ethnicity suggested that TT genotype of rs12722 was associated with tendon and ligament injuries in Caucasians (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.33, 1.90; P < 0.00001) but not in Asians (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.46, 4.60; P = 0.52). Our findings indicated that rs12722 of COL5A1 was positively associated with tendon and ligament injuries, especially in Caucasian subjects. Individuals with TT genotype were predisposed to higher risk of ATP, ACLI and TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shu-Tao Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Si-Yi Yu
- The 3rd Teaching Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - An-Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Vaughn NH, Stepanyan H, Gallo RA, Dhawan A. Genetic Factors in Tendon Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Orthop J Sports Med 2017; 5:2325967117724416. [PMID: 28856171 PMCID: PMC5571768 DOI: 10.1177/2325967117724416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injury such as tendinopathy or rupture is common and has multiple etiologies, including both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The genetic influence on susceptibility to tendon injury is not well understood. PURPOSE To analyze the published literature regarding genetic factors associated with tendon injury. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A systematic review of published literature was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines to identify current evidence for genetic predisposition to tendon injury. PubMed, Ovid, and ScienceDirect databases were searched. Studies were included for review if they specifically addressed genetic factors and tendon injuries in humans. Reviews, animal studies, or studies evaluating the influence of posttranscription factors and modifications (eg, proteins) were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 460 studies were available for initial review. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 articles were ultimately included for qualitative synthesis. Upon screening of references of these 11 articles, an additional 15 studies were included in the final review, for a total of 26 studies. The genetic factors with the strongest evidence of association with tendon injury were those involving type V collagen A1, tenascin-C, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and estrogen-related receptor beta. CONCLUSION The published literature is limited to relatively homogenous populations, with only level 3 and level 4 data. Additional research is needed to make further conclusions about the genetic factors involved in tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie H. Vaughn
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hayk Stepanyan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aman Dhawan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Are genes encoding proteoglycans really associated with the risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture? Biol Sport 2017; 34:97-103. [PMID: 28566802 PMCID: PMC5424448 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.64582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are considered integral structural components of tendon and ligament and have been implicated in the resistance of compressive forces, collagen fibrillogenesis, matrix remodelling and cell signalling. Several sequence variants within genes encoding proteoglycans were recently implicated in modulating anterior cruciate ligament ruptures (ACLR). This study aimed to test the previously implicated variants in proteoglycan and vascular epithelial growth factor encoding genes with risk of ACLR in a population from Poland. A case control genetic association study was conducted using DNA samples from 143 healthy participants without a history of ACL injuries (99 male and 44 females) (CON group) and 229 surgically diagnosed ACLR participants (158 males and 71 females). All samples were genotyped for the ACAN: rs1516797, BGN: rs1042103, rs1126499, DCN: rs516115 and VEGFA: rs699947 variants. Main findings included the (i) ACAN rs1516797 G/T genotype which was underrepresented in the CON group (CON: 36%, n=52, ACLR: 49%, n=112, p=0.017, OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.57) when all participants were investigated and (ii) the BGN rs1042103 A allele was significantly under-represented in the male CON group compared to the male ACLR group (CON: 39%, n=78, ACLR: 49%, n=156, p=0.029, OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.15). Furthermore, BGN inferred haplotypes were highlighted with altered ACLR susceptibility. Although the study implicated the ACAN and BGN genes (combination of genotype, allele and haplotype) in modulating ACLR susceptibility, several differences were noted with previous published findings.
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27
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John R, Dhillon MS, Sharma S, Prabhakar S, Bhandari M. Is There a Genetic Predisposition to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear? A Systematic Review. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:3262-3269. [PMID: 26842309 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515624467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are among the most common knee ligament injuries and frequently warrant reconstruction. The etiopathogenesis of these injuries has focused mainly on mechanism of trauma, patient sex, and anatomic factors as predisposing causes. Several genetic factors that could predispose to an ACL tear have recently been reported. PURPOSE This systematic review summarizes the current evidence for a genetic predisposition to ACL tears. The principal research question was to identify genetic factors, based on the available literature, that could predispose an individual to an ACL tear. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and HuGE databases were searched; the search was run from the period of inception until June 21, 2015. A secondary search was performed by screening the references of full-text articles obtained and by manually searching selected journals. Articles were screened with prespecified inclusion criteria. The quality of studies included in the review was assessed for risk of bias by 2 reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 994 records were identified by the search, out of which 17 studies (16 case-control studies and 1 cross-sectional study) were included in the final review. Two studies observed a familial predisposition to an ACL tear. Fourteen studies looked at specific gene polymorphisms in 20 genes, from which different polymorphisms in 10 genes were positively associated with an ACL tear. In addition to these polymorphisms, 8 haplotypes were associated with ACL tear. One study looked at gene expression analysis. CONCLUSION Although specific gene polymorphisms and haplotypes have been identified, it is difficult to come to a conclusion on the basis of the existing literature. Several sources of bias have been identified in these studies, and the results cannot be extrapolated to the general population. More studies are needed in larger populations of different ethnicities. Gene-gene interactions and gene expression studies in the future may delineate the exact role of these gene polymorphisms in ACL tears.
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