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Zhao X, Xu Q, Wang Q, Liang X, Wang J, Jin H, Man Y, Guo D, Gao F, Tang X. Induced Self-Assembly of Vitamin E-Spermine/siRNA Nanocomplexes via Spermine/Helix Groove-Specific Interaction for Efficient siRNA Delivery and Antitumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303186. [PMID: 38234201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been one of potential strategies for the treatment of different diseases, where efficient and safe gene delivery systems are also extremely in need. Current lipid nanoparticles (LNP) technology highly depends on the packing and condensation of nucleic acids with amine moieties. Here, an attempt to covalently link two natural compounds, spermine and vitamin E, is made to develop self-assembled nucleic acid delivery systems. Among them, the spermine moieties specifically interact with the major groove of siRNA helix through salt bridge interaction, while vitamin E moieties are located around siRNA duplex. Such amphiphilic vitamin E-spermine/siRNA complexes can further self-assemble into nanocomplexes like multiblade wheels. Further studies indicate that these siRNA nanocomplexes with the neutrally charged surface of vitamin E can enter cells via caveolin/lipid raft mediated endocytosis pathway and bypass lysosome trapping. With these self-assembled delivery systems, efficient siRNA delivery is successfully achieved for Eg5 and Survivin gene silencing as well as DNA plasmid delivery. Further in vivo study indicates that VE-Su-Sper/DSPE-PEG2000 /siSurvivin self-assembled nanocomplexes can accumulate in cancer cells and gradually release siRNA in tumor tissues and show significant antitumor effect in vivo. The self-assembled delivery system provides a novel strategy for highly efficient siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xingxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yizhi Man
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, NO. 189 Jiuhua South Rd., Anhui, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Dongyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, NO. 189 Jiuhua South Rd., Anhui, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xinjing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, NO. 38, Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
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Jiang Y, Fan M, Yang Z, Liu X, Xu Z, Liu S, Feng G, Tang S, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chen S, Yang C, Law WC, Dong B, Xu G, Yong KT. Recent advances in nanotechnology approaches for non-viral gene therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6862-6892. [PMID: 36222758 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01001a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has shown great potential in the treatment of many diseases by downregulating the expression of certain genes. The development of gene vectors as a vehicle for gene therapy has greatly facilitated the widespread clinical application of nucleic acid materials (DNA, mRNA, siRNA, and miRNA). Currently, both viral and non-viral vectors are used as delivery systems of nucleic acid materials for gene therapy. However, viral vector-based gene therapy has several limitations, including immunogenicity and carcinogenesis caused by the exogenous viral vectors. To address these issues, non-viral nanocarrier-based gene therapy has been explored for superior performance with enhanced gene stability, high treatment efficiency, improved tumor-targeting, and better biocompatibility. In this review, we discuss various non-viral vector-mediated gene therapy approaches using multifunctional biodegradable or non-biodegradable nanocarriers, including polymer-based nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), quantum dots (QDs), silica nanoparticles, metal-based nanoparticles and two-dimensional nanocarriers. Various strategies to construct non-viral nanocarriers based on their delivery efficiency of targeted genes will be introduced. Subsequently, we discuss the cellular uptake pathways of non-viral nanocarriers. In addition, multifunctional gene therapy based on non-viral nanocarriers is summarized, in which the gene therapy can be combined with other treatments, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), immunotherapy and chemotherapy. We also provide a comprehensive discussion of the biological toxicity and safety of non-viral vector-based gene therapy. Finally, the present limitations and challenges of non-viral nanocarriers for gene therapy in future clinical research are discussed, to promote wider clinical applications of non-viral vector-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Miaozhuang Fan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhenxu Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shikang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Gang Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shuo Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biqin Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. .,The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,The Biophotonics and Mechanobioengineering Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Khursheed S, Tabassum S, Arjmand F. Comprehensive biological {DNA/RNA binding profile, cleavage &cytotoxicity activity} of structurally well-characterized chromone-appended Cu(II)(L1-3)(phen) potential anticancer drug candidates. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects influencing skin permeation and role of SLN and NLC for skin drug delivery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08938. [PMID: 35198788 PMCID: PMC8851252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex and multifunctional organ, in which the static versus dynamic balance is responsible for its constant adaptation to variations in the external environment that is continuously exposed. One of the most important functions of the skin is its ability to act as a protective barrier, against the entry of foreign substances and against the excessive loss of endogenous material. Human skin imposes physical, chemical and biological limitations on all types of permeating agents that can cross the epithelial barrier. For a molecule to be passively permeated through the skin, it must have properties, such as dimensions, molecular weight, pKa and hydrophilic-lipophilic gradient, appropriate to the anatomy and physiology of the skin. These requirements have limited the number of commercially available products for dermal and transdermal administration of drugs. To understand the mechanisms involved in the drug permeation process through the skin, the approach should be multidisciplinary in order to overcome biological and pharmacotechnical barriers. The study of the mechanisms involved in the permeation process, and the ways to control it, can make this route of drug administration cease to be a constant promise and become a reality. In this work, we address the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical aspects encountered in the pathway of drugs through the skin, and the potential added value of using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid vectors (NLC) to drug permeation/penetration through this route. The technology and architecture for obtaining lipid nanoparticles are described in detail, namely the composition, production methods and the ability to release pharmacologically active substances, as well as the application of these systems in the vectorization of various pharmacologically active substances for dermal and transdermal applications. The characteristics of these systems in terms of dermal application are addressed, such as biocompatibility, occlusion, hydration, emollience and the penetration of pharmacologically active substances. The advantages of using these systems over conventional formulations are described and explored from a pharmaceutical point of view.
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Marson D, Laurini E, Aulic S, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Unchain My Blood: Lessons Learned from Self-Assembled Dendrimers as Nanoscale Heparin Binders. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E385. [PMID: 31434309 PMCID: PMC6723693 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review work reports a collection of coupled experimental/computational results taken from our own experience in the field of self-assembled dendrimers for heparin binding. These studies present and discuss both the potentiality played by this hybrid methodology to the design, synthesis, and development of possible protamine replacers for heparin anticoagulant activity reversal in biomedical applications, and the obstacles this field has still to overcome before these molecules can be translated into nanomedicines available in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Marson
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Suzana Aulic
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fermeglia
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Ahmadi Z, Jha D, Kumar B, Gautam HK, Kumar P. Bifunctionally engineered polyethylenimines as efficient DNA carriers and antibacterials against resistant pathogens. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:363-379. [PMID: 30103671 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218792139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have designed and developed two series of bifunctional conjugates by tethering polyethylenimine with streptomycin. By varying the amount of streptomycin, conjugates, polyethylenimine-streptomycin, have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Gel electrophoresis assay revealed a slight decrease in the cationic charge density on the conjugates as these retarded the mobility of pDNA at higher w/w ratios. Further, transfection studies showed that both the series of conjugates transfected the mammalian cells efficiently with low-molecular weight polyethylenimine-streptomycin conjugates were more competent (∼9-fold enhancement with respect to native bPEI) exhibiting high cell viability too. Besides, both the series of conjugates displayed excellent antibacterial activity on pathogenic bacteria, even better than native streptomycin on resistant strains. Altogether, these results ensure the promising potential of the projected bifunctional conjugates as safe and efficient gene delivery vectors as well as antibacterials for future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ahmadi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - D Jha
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - B Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - H K Gautam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, India
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Jesus S, Soares E, Borchard G, Borges O. Poly-ϵ-caprolactone/chitosan nanoparticles provide strong adjuvant effect for hepatitis B antigen. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2335-2348. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This work aims to investigate the adjuvant effect of poly-ϵ-caprolactone/chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the plasmid DNA encoding HBsAg (pRC/CMV-HBs). Methods: Both antigens were adsorbed onto preformed NPs. Vaccination studies were performed in C57BL/6 mice. Transfection efficiency was investigated in A549 cell line. Results: HBsAg-adsorbed NPs generated strong anti-HBsAg IgG titers, mainly of IgG1 isotype, and induced antigen-specific IFN-γ and IL-17 secretion by spleen cells. The addition of pRC/CMV-HBs to the HBsAg-adsorbed NPs inhibited IL-17 secretion but had minor effect on IFN-γ levels. Lastly, pRC/CMV-HBs-loaded NPs generated a weak serum antibody response. Conclusion: Poly-ϵ-caprolactone/chitosan NPs provide a strong humoral adjuvant effect for HBsAg and induce a Th1/Th17-mediated cellular immune responses worth explore for hepatitis B virus vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edna Soares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gerrit Borchard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- The Geneva-Lausanne School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Borges
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Ridi F, Meazzini I, Castroflorio B, Bonini M, Berti D, Baglioni P. Functional calcium phosphate composites in nanomedicine. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 244:281-295. [PMID: 27112061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) materials have many peculiar and intriguing properties. In nature, CaP is found in nanostructured form embedded in a soft proteic matrix as the main mineral component of bones and teeth. The extraordinary stoichiometric flexibility, the different stabilities exhibited by its different forms as a function of pH and the highly dynamic nature of its surface ions, render CaP one of the most versatile materials for nanomedicine. This review summarizes some of the guidelines so far emerged for the synthesis of CaP composites in aqueous media that endow the material with tailored crystallinity, morphology, size, and functional properties. First, we introduce very briefly the areas of application of CaP within the nanomedicine field. Then through some selected examples, we review some synthetic routes where the presence of functional units (small templating molecules like surfactants, or oligomers and polymers) assists the synthesis and at the same time impart the functionality or the responsiveness desired for the end-application of the material. Finally, we illustrate two examples from our laboratory, where CaP is decorated by biologically active polymers or prepared within a thermo- and magneto-responsive hydrogel, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Ilaria Meazzini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Benedetta Castroflorio
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" and CSGI, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy.
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9
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Tzeng SY, Wilson DR, Hansen SK, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Green JJ. Polymeric nanoparticle-based delivery of TRAIL DNA for cancer-specific killing. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:149-159. [PMID: 28349127 PMCID: PMC5365091 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of specificity in cancer therapeutics severely limits the efficacy of many existing treatment modalities. The use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) is of interest to the field due to this protein's ability to cause cell death specifically in cancer cells without harming the surrounding healthy tissue. Here, we report that polymeric nanoparticles, based on synthetic poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs) and containing DNA, are able to selectively transfect cancer cells in vitro over healthy cells of the same tissue type. Moreover, PBAE-based nanoparticles containing TRAIL DNA are able to transfect several human cancer cell cultures in vitro and cause cell death. While certain cell types, including human glioblastoma (GBM), showed resistance to TRAIL, we found that the expression of TRAIL-binding surface proteins was predictive of each cell type's resistance to TRAIL therapy. We demonstrate a non-viral nanomedicine approach to cancer gene therapy that can improve cancer specificity via both biomaterial selection and through the use of cancer-targeting genetic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David R Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah K Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jordan J Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; The Institute for Nanobiotechnology and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Abstract
Nucleic acids can be utilized in gene therapy to restore, alter, or silence gene functions. In order to reveal the biological activity nucleic acids have to reach their intracellular targets by passing through the plasma membrane, which is impermeable for these large and negatively charged molecules. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) condense nucleic acids into nanoparticles using non-covalent complexation strategy and mediate their delivery into the cell, whereas the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles determine the interactions with the membranes, uptake mechanism, and subsequent intracellular fate. The nanoparticles are mostly internalized by endocytosis that leads to the entrapment of them in endosomal vesicles. Therefore design of new CPPs that are applicable for non-covalent complex formation strategy and harness endosomolytic properties is highly vital. Here we demonstrate that PepFects and NickFects are efficient vectors for the intracellular delivery of various nucleic acids.This chapter describes how to form CPP/pDNA nanoparticles, evaluate stable nanoparticles formation, and assess gene delivery efficacy.
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Yan JY, Liu CY, Wu ZW, Chien CT, Chiu WC, Lin SY. Designed nucleus penetrating thymine-capped dendrimers: a potential vehicle for intramuscular gene transfection. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:9060-9066. [PMID: 32263037 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01435b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A nucleus penetrating vehicle is indispensible when seeking to deliver plasmid DNA for gene transfection. In this study, dendrimers with terminal thymine groups were synthesized to meet this objective. Through modifications of the hydrophilic and neutral thymine moieties on hyperbranched peripheries, these dendrimers can achieve biosafety, efficient endosomal escape ability, cytosolic accessibility, and eventually, nuclear entry for the purposes of gene transfection. After optimization of the thymine coverages, better gene expression can only be achieved while replacing ∼50% of the amine groups of a dendrimer with thymine moieties. Presumably, a specific dendrimer comprising thymine and primary amines might possess a synergistic effect to promote pDNA condensation via the cooperation of electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. In comparison, a dendrimer entirely capped by thymine can lose external amines, decreasing pDNA complexity and stability, which would cause poor gene transfection. The utility of specific thymine-capped dendrimers in vivo level was demonstrated to successfully and efficiently deliver plasmid DNA at a low complex ratio into mouse muscle by intramuscular injection. Upon the easy accessibility of intramuscular administration, the capability of thymine-capped dendrimers might be potentially used in immunotherapeutic gene transfection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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Abstract
In this article, advances in designing polymeric nanoparticles for targeted cancer gene therapy are reviewed. Characterization and evaluation of biomaterials, targeting ligands, and transcriptional elements are each discussed. Advances in biomaterials have driven improvements to nanoparticle stability and tissue targeting, conjugation of ligands to the surface of polymeric nanoparticles enable binding to specific cancer cells, and the design of transcriptional elements has enabled selective DNA expression specific to the cancer cells. Together, these features have improved the performance of polymeric nanoparticles as targeted non-viral gene delivery vectors to treat cancer. As polymeric nanoparticles can be designed to be biodegradable, non-toxic, and to have reduced immunogenicity and tumorigenicity compared to viral platforms, they have significant potential for clinical use. Results of polymeric gene therapy in clinical trials and future directions for the engineering of nanoparticle systems for targeted cancer gene therapy are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Camila G. Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Marson D, Laurini E, Posocco P, Fermeglia M, Pricl S. Cationic carbosilane dendrimers and oligonucleotide binding: an energetic affair. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3876-3887. [PMID: 25340619 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04510f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Generation 2 cationic carbosilane dendrimers hold great promise as internalizing agents for gene therapy as they present low toxicity and retain and internalize the genetic material as an oligonucleotide or siRNA. In this work we carried out complete in silico structural and energetical characterization of the interactions of a set of G2 carbosilane dendrimers, showing different affinity towards two single strand oligonucleotide (ODN) sequences in vitro. Our simulations predict that these four dendrimers and the relevant ODN complexes are characterized by similar size and shape, and that the molecule-specific ODN binding ability can be rationalized only by considering a critical molecular design parameter: the normalized effective binding energy ΔG(bind,eff)/N(eff), i.e. the performance of each active individual dendrimer branch directly involved in a binding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marson
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory, DEA, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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14
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de Jesus MB, Zuhorn IS. Solid lipid nanoparticles as nucleic acid delivery system: Properties and molecular mechanisms. J Control Release 2015; 201:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Oprea II, Viola JR, Moreno PMD, Simonson OE, Rodin S, Teller N, Tryggvason K, Lundin KE, Girnita L, Smith CIE. Repeatable, Inducible Micro-RNA-Based Technology Tightly Controls Liver Transgene Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 3:e172. [PMID: 24983837 PMCID: PMC4121515 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inducible systems for gene expression emerge as a new class of artificial vectors offering temporal and spatial exogenous control of gene expression. However, most inducible systems are less efficient in vivo and lack the target-organ specificity. In the present study, we have developed and optimized an oligonucleotide-based inducible system for the in vivo control of transgenes in the liver. We generated a set of simple, inducible plasmid-vectors based on the addition of four units of liver-specific miR-122 target sites to the 3′untranslated region of the gene of interest. Once the vector was delivered into hepatocytes this modification induced a dramatic reduction of gene expression that could be restored by the infusion of an antagomir for miR-122. The efficiency of the system was tested in vivo, and displayed low background and strong increase in gene expression upon induction. Moreover, gene expression was repeatedly induced even several months after the first induction showing no toxic effect in vivo. By combining tissue-specific control elements with antagomir treatment we generated, optimized and validated a robust inducible system that could be used successfully for in vivo experimental models requiring tight and cyclic control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian I Oprea
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [3] Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pedro M D Moreno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Inge Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
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16
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McCarthy HO, McCaffrey J, McCrudden CM, Zholobenko A, Ali AA, McBride JW, Massey AS, Pentlavalli S, Chen KH, Cole G, Loughran SP, Dunne NJ, Donnelly RF, Kett VL, Robson T. Development and characterization of self-assembling nanoparticles using a bio-inspired amphipathic peptide for gene delivery. J Control Release 2014; 189:141-9. [PMID: 24995949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The design of a non-viral gene delivery vehicle capable of delivering and releasing a functional nucleic acid cargo intracellularly remains a formidable challenge. For systemic gene therapy to be successful a delivery vehicle is required that protects the nucleic acid cargo from enzymatic degradation, extravasates from the vasculature, traverses the cell membrane, disrupts the endosomal vesicles and unloads the cargo at its destination site, namely the nucleus for the purposes of gene delivery. This manuscript reports the extensive investigation of a novel amphipathic peptide composed of repeating RALA units capable of overcoming the biological barriers to gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Our data demonstrates the spontaneous self-assembly of cationic DNA-loaded nanoparticles when the peptide is complexed with pDNA. Nanoparticles were <100nm, were stable in the presence of serum and were fusogenic in nature, with increased peptide α-helicity at a lower pH. Nanoparticles proved to be non-cytotoxic, readily traversed the plasma membrane of both cancer and fibroblast cell lines and elicited reporter-gene expression following intravenous delivery in vivo. The results of this study indicate that RALA presents an exciting delivery platform for the systemic delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Joanne McCaffrey
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cian M McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Aleksey Zholobenko
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ahlam A Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John W McBride
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ashley S Massey
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sreekanth Pentlavalli
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kun-Hung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen P Loughran
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, 123 Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria L Kett
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
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17
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Ivanova EA, Maslov MA, Kabilova TO, Puchkov PA, Alekseeva AS, Boldyrev IA, Vlassov VV, Serebrennikova GA, Morozova NG, Zenkova MA. Structure-transfection activity relationships in a series of novel cationic lipids with heterocyclic head-groups. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:7164-78. [PMID: 24057052 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes are promising candidates for the delivery of various therapeutic nucleic acids. Here, we report a convenient synthesis of carbamate-type cationic lipids with various hydrophobic domains (tetradecanol, dialkylglycerol, cholesterol) and positively charged head-groups (pyridinium, N-methylimidazolium, N-methylmorpholinium) and data on the structure-transfection activity relationships. It was found that single-chain lipids possess high surface activity, which correlates with high cytotoxicity due to their ability to disrupt the cellular membrane by combined hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Liposomes containing these lipids also display high cytotoxicity with respect to all cell lines. Irrespective of chemical structures, all cationic lipids form liposomes with similar sizes and surface potentials. The characteristics of complexes composed of cationic liposomes and nucleic acids depend mostly on the type of nucleic acid and P/N ratios. In the case of oligodeoxyribonucleotide delivery, the transfection activity depends on the type of cationic head-group regardless of the type of hydrophobic domain: all types of cationic liposomes mediate efficient oligonucleotide transfer into 80-90% of the eukaryotic cells, and liposomes based on lipids with N-methylmorpholinium cationic head-group display the highest transfection activity. In the case of plasmid DNA and siRNA, the type of hydrophobic domain determines the transfection activity: liposomes composed of cholesterol-based lipids were the most efficient in DNA transfer, while liposomes containing glycerol-based lipids exhibited reasonable activity in siRNA delivery under serum-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Ivanova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, 86 Vernadskiy ave., Moscow, Russian Federation.
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18
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Micro-minicircle Gene Therapy: Implications of Size on Fermentation, Complexation, Shearing Resistance, and Expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 2:e140. [PMID: 24399204 PMCID: PMC3910003 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The minicircle (MC), composed of eukaryotic sequences only, is an interesting approach to increase the safety and efficiency of plasmid-based vectors for gene therapy. In this paper, we investigate micro-MC (miMC) vectors encoding small regulatory RNA. We use a construct encoding a splice-correcting U7 small nuclear RNA, which results in a vector of 650 base pairs (bp), as compared to a conventional 3600 bp plasmid carrying the same expression cassette. Furthermore, we construct miMCs of varying sizes carrying different number of these cassettes. This allows us to evaluate how size influences production, super-coiling, stability and efficiency of the vector. We characterize coiling morphology by atomic force microscopy and measure the resistance to shearing forces caused by an injector device, the Biojector. We compare the behavior of miMCs and plasmids in vitro using lipofection and electroporation, as well as in vivo in mice. We here show that when the size of the miMC is reduced, the formation of dimers and trimers increases. There seems to be a lower size limit for efficient expression. We demonstrate that miMCs are more robust than plasmids when exposed to shearing forces, and that they show extended expression in vivo.
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19
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Luo K, He B, Wu Y, Shen Y, Gu Z. Functional and biodegradable dendritic macromolecules with controlled architectures as nontoxic and efficient nanoscale gene vectors. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:818-30. [PMID: 24389086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has provided great potential to revolutionize the treatment of many diseases. This therapy is strongly relied on whether a delivery vector efficiently and safely directs the therapeutic genes into the target tissue/cells. Nonviral gene delivery vectors have been emerging as a realistic alternative to the use of viral analogs with the potential of a clinically relevant output. Dendritic polymers were employed as nonviral vectors due to their branched and layered architectures, globular shape and multivalent groups on their surface, showing promise in gene delivery. In the present review, we try to bring out the recent trend of studies on functional and biodegradable dendritic polymers as nontoxic and efficient gene delivery vectors. By regulating dendritic polymer design and preparation, together with recent progress in the design of biodegradable polymers, it is possible to precisely manipulate their architectures, molecular weight and chemical composition, resulting in predictable tuning of their biocompatibility as well as gene transfection activities. The multifunctional and biodegradable dendritic polymers possessing the desirable characteristics are expected to overcome extra- and intracellular obstacles, and as efficient and nontoxic gene delivery vectors to move into the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center for Bionanoengineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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20
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Negative pseudo-affinity chromatography for plasmid DNA purification using berenil as ligand. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 944:39-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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21
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Arukuusk P, Pärnaste L, Margus H, Eriksson NKJ, Vasconcelos L, Padari K, Pooga M, Langel Ü. Differential Endosomal Pathways for Radically Modified Peptide Vectors. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1721-32. [DOI: 10.1021/bc4002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piret Arukuusk
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ly Pärnaste
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helerin Margus
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - N. K. Jonas Eriksson
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Vasconcelos
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kärt Padari
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Margus Pooga
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülo Langel
- Laboratory
of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department
of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Salomone F, Cardarelli F, Signore G, Boccardi C, Beltram F. In vitro efficient transfection by CM₁₈-Tat₁₁ hybrid peptide: a new tool for gene-delivery applications. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70108. [PMID: 23922923 PMCID: PMC3726494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) are actively researched as non-viral molecular carriers for the controlled delivery of nucleic acids into cells, but widespread application is severely hampered by their trapping into endosomes. Here we show that the recently introduced endosomolytic CM18-Tat11 hybrid peptide (KWKLFKKIGAVLKVLTTG-YGRKKRRQRRR, residues 1-7 of Cecropin-A, 2-12 of Melittin, and 47-57 of HIV-1 Tat protein) can be exploited to obtain a self-assembled peptide-DNA vector which maintains the CM18-Tat11 ability to enter cells and destabilize vesicular membranes, concomitantly yielding high DNA transfection efficiency with no detectable cytotoxic effects. Different peptide-DNA stoichiometric ratios were tested to optimize vector size, charge, and stability characteristics. The transfection efficiency of selected candidates is quantitatively investigated by the luciferase-reporter assay. Vector intracellular trafficking is monitored in real time and in live cells by confocal microscopy. In particular, fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) between suitably-labeled peptide and DNA modules was exploited to monitor complex disassembly during endocytosis, and this process is correlated to transfection timing and efficiency. We argue that these results can open the way to the rational design and application of CM18-Tat11–based systems for gene-delivery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Salomone
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Boccardi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Beltram
- NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pisa, Italy
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23
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Ping Y, Wu D, Kumar JN, Cheng W, Lay CL, Liu Y. Redox-Responsive Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s with Tertiary Amino Cores for Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2083-94. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400460r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ping
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jatin Nitin Kumar
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Weiren Cheng
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Chee Leng Lay
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Ye Liu
- Institute of Materials
Research
and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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24
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Tzeng SY, Higgins LJ, Pomper MG, Green JJ. Student award winner in the Ph.D. category for the 2013 society for biomaterials annual meeting and exposition, april 10-13, 2013, Boston, Massachusetts : biomaterial-mediated cancer-specific DNA delivery to liver cell cultures using synthetic poly(beta-amino ester)s. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:1837-45. [PMID: 23559534 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer death. Most patients are treated by arterial injection of chemoembolizing agents, providing a convenient avenue for local treatment by novel therapies, including gene therapy. Poly(beta-amino ester)s (PBAEs) were synthesized and used to form nanoparticles for non-viral transfection of buffalo rat hepatoma (MCA-RH7777) and hepatocyte (BRL-3A) lines with eGFP and luciferase DNA. Hepatoma cells were transfected with up to (98 ± 0.4)% efficacy with no measurable cytotoxicity. Hepatocytes were transfected with as high as (73 ± 0.4)% efficacy with (10 ± 4)% non-specific cytotoxicity. In contrast, positive controls (branched polyethylenimine, Lipofectamine™ 2000, and X-tremeGENE(®) DNA HP) caused 30-90% toxicity in BRL-3A cells at doses required for >50% transfection. Of the 21 optimized PBAE-DNA formulations tested, 12 showed significant specificity for hepatoma cells over hepatocytes in monoculture (p < 0.05 for both percentage transfected and eGFP expression intensity). Top polymers from eGFP studies also delivered luciferase DNA with 220 ± 30-fold and 470 ± 30-fold greater specificity for hepatoma cells than hepatocytes. Transfections of co-cultures of hepatoma and hepatocytes with eGFP DNA also showed high specificity (1.9 ± 0.1- to 5.8± 1.4-fold more transfected hepatoma cells than hepatocytes, measured by percentage transfected and flow cytometry). By eGFP intensity, up to 530 ±60-fold higher average expression per cell was measured in hepatoma cells. One top formulation caused (95 ± 0.2)% transfection in hepatoma cells and (27 ± 0.2)% in hepatocytes [(96 ± 9)% relative hepatocyte viability]. PBAE-based nanoparticles are a viable strategy for liver cancer treatment, delivering genes to nearly 100% of cancer cells while maintaining high biomaterial-mediated specificity to prevent toxic side-effects on healthy hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany Y Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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David S, Passirani C, Carmoy N, Morille M, Mevel M, Chatin B, Benoit JP, Montier T, Pitard B. DNA nanocarriers for systemic administration: characterization and in vivo bioimaging in healthy mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e64. [PMID: 23299832 PMCID: PMC3564420 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We hereby present different DNA nanocarriers consisting of new multimodular systems (MMS), containing the cationic lipid dioleylaminesuccinylparomomycin (DNA MMS DOSP), or bis (guanidinium)-tren-cholesterol (DNA MMS BGTC), and DNA lipid nanocapsules (DNA LNCs). Active targeting of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) using galactose as a ligand for DNA MMS (GAL DNA MMS) and passive targeting using a polyethylene glycol coating for DNA LNCs (PEG DNA LNCs) should improve the properties of these DNA nanocarriers. All systems were characterized via physicochemical methods and the DNA payload of DNA LNCs was quantified for the first time. Afterwards, their biodistribution in healthy mice was analyzed after encapsulation of a fluorescent dye via in vivo biofluorescence imaging (BFI), revealing various distribution profiles depending on the cationic lipid used and their surface characteristics. Furthermore, the two vectors with the best prolonged circulation profile were administered twice in healthy mice revealing that the new DNA MMS DOSP vectors showed no toxicity and the same distribution profile for both injections, contrary to PEG DNA LNCs which showed a rapid clearance after the second injection, certainly due to the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie David
- 1] LUNAM - Université d'Angers, Angers, France [2] INSERM - U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France [3] INSERM UMR1087 - Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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26
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Diaminopropionic acid lipopeptides: characterization studies of polyplexes aimed at pDNA delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5635-8. [PMID: 22858100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a novel class of peptides-d-diaminopropionic acids (Dap)-for gene delivery. These peptides have attractive properties for gene delivery, and the advantage that they can be easily manipulated in relation to their composition, abiding with tailored-design. We characterized the toxicological and biophysical properties of DNA particles resulting from the interaction of the nucleic acid with a series of Dap(8) peptides conjugated to different alkyl groups. These peptides formed small and homogenous DNA particle populations that protected against DNase I degradation at non-toxic concentrations. However, despite the similarity between these peptides and others that are arginine-rich, and efficient vectors, functional studies suggest the need for additional modifications in the carriers to improve their DNA delivery efficiency. Taken together, these studies underscore the relevance of the overall structure of the carrier and the complexity of designing from scratch a carrier.
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27
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Caramelo-Nunes C, Gabriel M, Almeida P, Marcos J, Tomaz C. Purification of plasmid DNA from clarified and non-clarified Escherichia coli lysates by berenil pseudo-affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 904:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Kao WL, Chang HY, Yen GJ, Kuo DY, You YW, Huang CC, Kuo YT, Lin JH, Shyue JJ. Adsorption behavior of plasmid DNA on binary self-assembled monolayers modified gold substrates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 382:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Advances in polymeric and inorganic vectors for nonviral nucleic acid delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:493-521. [PMID: 22826857 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral systems for nucleic acid delivery offer a host of potential advantages compared with viruses, including reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, increased ease of production and less stringent vector size limitations, but remain far less efficient than their viral counterparts. In this article we review recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acids using polymeric and inorganic vectors. We discuss the wide range of materials being designed and evaluated for these purposes while considering the physical requirements and barriers to entry that these agents face and reviewing recent novel approaches towards improving delivery with respect to each of these barriers. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of past and ongoing nonviral gene therapy clinical trials. We conclude with a discussion of multifunctional nucleic acid carriers and future directions.
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30
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Liu BR, Lin MD, Chiang HJ, Lee HJ. Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides deliver gene into living human cells. Gene 2012; 505:37-45. [PMID: 22669044 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transgenesis is a process that introduces exogenous nucleic acids into the genome of an organism to produce desired traits or evaluate function. Improvements of transgenic technologies are always important pursuit in the last decades. Recently, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) were studied as shuttles that can internalize into cells directly and serve as carriers to deliver different cargoes into cells. In the present study, we evaluate whether arginine-rich CPPs can be used for gene delivery into human cells in a noncovalent fashion. We demonstrate that three arginine-rich CPPs (SR9, HR9, and PR9) are able to transport plasmid DNA into human A549 cells. For the functional gene assay, the CPP-delivered plasmid DNA containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) coding sequence could be actively expressed in cells. The treatment of calcium chloride did not facilitate the CPP-mediated transfection efficiency, but enhance the gene expression intensity. Mechanistic studies further revealed that HR9/DNA complexes mediate the direct membrane translocation pathway for gene delivery. Our results suggest that arginine-rich CPPs, especially HR9, appear to be a high efficient and promising tool for gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Revon Liu
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Bahadur K C R, Thapa B, Xu P. Design of serum compatible tetrary complexes for gene delivery. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:637-46. [PMID: 22508502 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel gene delivery system, called PoSC, consisting of PEI, PSP, and HA is described. In contrast to the DNA/PEI/HA ternary system whose transfection efficiency decreases significantly with increasing serum concentration, PoSC exhibits a high transfection efficiency of about 51 and 87% for NIH3T3 and HCT116 cells, respectively, at 50% serum concentration. Furthermore, PoSC shows no cytotoxic effect at its working concentration. The overall results suggest that HA adsorption on cationic complexes enhances the transfection efficiency, while PSP is essential for high transfection efficiency at higher serum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remant Bahadur K C
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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32
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Deng WW, Cao X, Wang M, Yang Y, Su WY, Wei YW, Ou-Yang Z, Yu JN, Xu XM. Efficient gene delivery to mesenchymal stem cells by an ethylenediamine-modified polysaccharide from mulberry leaves. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:441-451. [PMID: 22213679 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the use of a natural polysaccharide isolated from mulberry leaves as a nonviral gene vector. Ethylenediamine is chemically grafted to the backbone of a polysaccharide from mulberry leaves (MPS) to acquire nucleic acid binding affinity. A particle-size observation indicates that the cationic mulberry leaf polysaccharide (CMPS) can efficiently combine with plasmid transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) to form nanoscaled particles. In addition, the electrophoresis assay indicates a retarded plasmid migration when the CMPS/pTGF-β1 weight ratio is increased to 30:1. The in vitro cell transfection experiment is performed based on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from rat femurs and tibias, and the findings reveal that the complex with a CMPS/pTGF-β1 weight ratio of 50:1 exhibits the highest cell transfection effect, which is significantly higher than that of branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) (25 kDa; p = 0.001, Student's t-test) and slightly higher than Lipofectamine 2000. Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay also demonstrates that all of these tested complexes and the plasmid TGF-β1 are nontoxic to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results of the living cell imaging confirm that more of the CMPS/plasmid TGF-β1 nanoparticles can be taken up and at a faster rate by the MSCs than by the positive control Lipofectamine 2000; these data are consistent with the transfection efficiency data. Together, these results suggest that the CMPS/pTGF-β1 nanoparticle can potentially be developed into a promising alternative for the transfer of therapeutic genes into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Tissue Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, PR China
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33
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David S, Carmoy N, Resnier P, Denis C, Misery L, Pitard B, Benoit JP, Passirani C, Montier T. In vivo imaging of DNA lipid nanocapsules after systemic administration in a melanoma mouse model. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:108-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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34
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Ibrahim BM, Tsifansky MD, Yang Y, Yeo Y. Challenges and advances in the development of inhalable drug formulations for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2011; 8:451-66. [PMID: 21375469 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2011.561310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disorder, which usually results in significant respiratory dysfunction. At present there is no cure for CF, but advances in pharmacotherapy have gradually increased the life expectancy of CF patients. As many drugs used in the therapy of CF are delivered by inhalation, the demand for effective and convenient inhalational CF drug formulations will grow as CF patients live longer. Knowledge of the current limitations in inhalational CF drug delivery is critical in identifying new opportunities and designing rational delivery strategies. AREAS COVERED This review discusses current and emerging therapeutic agents for CF therapy, selected physiological challenges to effective inhalational medication delivery, and various approaches to overcoming these challenges. The reader will find an integrated view of the known inhalational drug delivery challenges and the rationales for recent investigational inhalational drug formulations. EXPERT OPINION An ideal drug/gene delivery system to CF airways should overcome the tenacious sputum, which presents physical, chemical and biological barriers to effective transport of therapeutic agents to the targets and various cellular challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Ibrahim
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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35
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Lehto T, Simonson OE, Mäger I, Ezzat K, Sork H, Copolovici DM, Viola JR, Zaghloul EM, Lundin P, Moreno PMD, Mäe M, Oskolkov N, Suhorutšenko J, Smith CIE, Andaloussi SEL. A peptide-based vector for efficient gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Ther 2011; 19:1457-67. [PMID: 21343913 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding suitable nonviral delivery vehicles for nucleic acid-based therapeutics is a landmark goal in gene therapy. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are one class of delivery vectors that has been exploited for this purpose. However, since CPPs use endocytosis to enter cells, a large fraction of peptides remain trapped in endosomes. We have previously reported that stearylation of amphipathic CPPs, such as transportan 10 (TP10), dramatically increases transfection of oligonucleotides in vitro partially by promoting endosomal escape. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether stearyl-TP10 could be used for the delivery of plasmids as well. Our results demonstrate that stearyl-TP10 forms stable nanoparticles with plasmids that efficiently enter different cell-types in a ubiquitous manner, including primary cells, resulting in significantly higher gene expression levels than when using stearyl-Arg9 or unmodified CPPs. In fact, the transfection efficacy of stearyl-TP10 almost reached the levels of Lipofectamine 2000 (LF2000), however, without any of the observed lipofection-associated toxicities. Most importantly, stearyl-TP10/plasmid nanoparticles are nonimmunogenic, mediate efficient gene delivery in vivo, when administrated intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) without any associated toxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Lehto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Zhang J, Lei Y, Dhaliwal A, Ng QKT, Du J, Yan M, Lu Y, Segura T. Protein−Polymer Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Quinn KT Ng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Butchbach MER. Trans-splicing, more than meets the eye: multifaceted therapeutics for spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:121-5. [PMID: 21288085 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E R Butchbach
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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38
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2011; 18:83-98. [PMID: 21178692 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283432fa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Lehto T, Ezzat K, Langel U. Peptide nanoparticles for oligonucleotide delivery. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 104:397-426. [PMID: 22093225 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416020-0.00010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, different methods have emerged for intervention with gene expression, which can be generally referred to as gene therapy. Oligonucleotides (ONs) and their analogs form the basis of the molecules that can be used to modulate gene expression. Unfortunately, due to their physicochemical properties, these molecules require assistance in their intracellular delivery. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are one class of nonviral delivery vectors that, because of their remarkable translocation properties, have been intensely utilized for the delivery of ON-based molecules, both in vitro and in vivo. This chapter concentrates on the applications of CPPs that directly form nanoparticles with different ONs and facilitate their intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Lehto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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