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Miyamoto Y, Kikuta J, Matsui T, Hasegawa T, Fujii K, Okuzaki D, Liu YC, Yoshioka T, Seno S, Motooka D, Uchida Y, Yamashita E, Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Morii E, Tryggvason K, Shichita T, Kayama H, Atarashi K, Kunisawa J, Honda K, Takeda K, Ishii M. Periportal macrophages protect against commensal-driven liver inflammation. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07372-6. [PMID: 38658756 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main gateway from the gut, and the unidirectional sinusoidal flow from portal to central veins constitutes heterogenous zones, including the periportal vein (PV) and the pericentral vein zones1-5. However, functional differences in the immune system in each zone remain poorly understood. Here intravital imaging revealed that inflammatory responses are suppressed in PV zones. Zone-specific single-cell transcriptomics detected a subset of immunosuppressive macrophages enriched in PV zones that express high levels of interleukin-10 and Marco, a scavenger receptor that sequesters pro-inflammatory pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, and consequently suppress immune responses. Induction of Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages depended on gut microbiota. In particular, a specific bacterial family, Odoribacteraceae, was identified to induce this macrophage subset through its postbiotic isoallolithocholic acid. Intestinal barrier leakage resulted in inflammation in PV zones, which was markedly augmented in Marco-deficient conditions. Chronic liver inflammatory diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) showed decreased numbers of Marco+ macrophages. Functional ablation of Marco+ macrophages led to PSC-like inflammatory phenotypes related to colitis and exacerbated steatosis in NASH in animal experimental models. Collectively, commensal bacteria induce Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages, which consequently limit excessive inflammation at the gateway of the liver. Failure of this self-limiting system promotes hepatic inflammatory disorders such as PSC and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyamoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Shichita
- Laboratory for Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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2
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Sandhow L, Cai H, Leonard E, Xiao P, Tomaipitinca L, Månsson A, Kondo M, Sun X, Johansson AS, Tryggvason K, Kasper M, Järås M, Qian H. Skin mesenchymal niches maintain and protect AML-initiating stem cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220953. [PMID: 37516911 PMCID: PMC10373345 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia cutis or leukemic cell infiltration in skin is one of the common extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and signifies a poorer prognosis. However, its pathogenesis and maintenance remain understudied. Here, we report massive AML cell infiltration in the skin in a transplantation-induced MLL-AF9 AML mouse model. These AML cells could regenerate AML after transplantation. Prospective niche characterization revealed that skin harbored mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) with a similar phenotype as BM mesenchymal stem cells. These skin MPCs protected AML-initiating stem cells (LSCs) from chemotherapy in vitro partially via mitochondrial transfer. Furthermore, Lama4 deletion in skin MPCs promoted AML LSC proliferation and chemoresistance. Importantly, more chemoresistant AML LSCs appeared to be retained in Lama4-/- mouse skin after cytarabine treatment. Our study reveals the characteristics and previously unrecognized roles of skin mesenchymal niches in maintaining and protecting AML LSCs during chemotherapy, meriting future exploration of their impact on AML relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Sandhow
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Cai
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elory Leonard
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pingnan Xiao
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luana Tomaipitinca
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alma Månsson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sofie Johansson
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Yap L, Chong LY, Tan C, Adusumalli S, Seow M, Guo J, Cai Z, Loo SJ, Lim E, Tan RS, Grishina E, Soong PL, Lath N, Ye L, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Pluripotent stem cell-derived committed cardiac progenitors remuscularize damaged ischemic hearts and improve their function in pigs. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:26. [PMID: 37236990 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease, which is often associated with irreversibly damaged heart muscle, is a major global health burden. Here, we report the potential of stem cell-derived committed cardiac progenitors (CCPs) have in regenerative cardiology. Human pluripotent embryonic stem cells were differentiated to CCPs on a laminin 521 + 221 matrix, characterized with bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, and transplanted into infarcted pig hearts. CCPs differentiated for eleven days expressed a set of genes showing higher expression than cells differentiated for seven days. Functional heart studies revealed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction at four and twelve weeks following transplantation. We also observed significant improvements in ventricular wall thickness and a reduction in infarction size after CCP transplantation (p-value < 0.05). Immunohistology analyses revealed in vivo maturation of the CCPs into cardiomyocytes (CM). We observed temporary episodes of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) in four pigs and persistent VT in one pig, but the remaining five pigs exhibited normal sinus rhythm. Importantly, all pigs survived without the formation of any tumors or VT-related abnormalities. We conclude that pluripotent stem cell-derived CCPs constitute a promising possibility for myocardial infarction treatment and that they may positively impact regenerative cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Yap
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Clarissa Tan
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Swarnaseetha Adusumalli
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Millie Seow
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jing Guo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Zuhua Cai
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Eric Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Ru San Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | | | - Poh Loong Soong
- Ternion Biosciences, Singapore, 574329, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Narayan Lath
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama, Birmingham, 35233, England
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Tay HG, Andre H, Chrysostomou V, Adusumalli S, Guo J, Ren X, Tan WS, Tor JE, Moreno-Moral A, Plastino F, Bartuma H, Cai Z, Tun SBB, Barathi VA, Siew Wei GT, Grenci G, Chong LY, Holmgren A, Kvanta A, Crowston JG, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Photoreceptor laminin drives differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to photoreceptor progenitors that partially restore retina function. Mol Ther 2023; 31:825-846. [PMID: 36638800 PMCID: PMC10014235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blindness caused by advanced stages of inherited retinal diseases and age-related macular degeneration are characterized by photoreceptor loss. Cell therapy involving replacement with functional photoreceptor-like cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells holds great promise. Here, we generated a human recombinant retina-specific laminin isoform, LN523, and demonstrated the role in promoting the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into photoreceptor progenitors. This chemically defined and xenogen-free method enables reproducible production of photoreceptor progenitors within 32 days. We observed that the transplantation into rd10 mice were able to protect the host photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) up to 2 weeks post transplantation as measured by full-field electroretinogram. At 4 weeks post transplantation, the engrafted cells were found to survive, mature, and associate with the host's rod bipolar cells. Visual behavioral assessment using the water maze swimming test demonstrated visual improvement in the cell-transplanted rodents. At 20 weeks post transplantation, the maturing engrafted cells were able to replace the loss of host ONL by extensive association with host bipolar cells and synapses. Post-transplanted rabbit model also provided congruent evidence for synaptic connectivity with the degenerated host retina. The results may pave the way for the development of stem cell-based therapeutics for retina degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee Goon Tay
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicki Chrysostomou
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Jing Guo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Ren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Sheng Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jia En Tor
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Flavia Plastino
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hammurabi Bartuma
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuhua Cai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sai Bo Bo Tun
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gavin Tan Siew Wei
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUS, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Guy Crowston
- Centre for Vision Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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5
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Nadkarni R, Chu WC, Lee CQE, Mohamud Y, Yap L, Toh GA, Beh S, Lim R, Fan YM, Zhang YL, Robinson K, Tryggvason K, Luo H, Zhong F, Ho L. Viral proteases activate the CARD8 inflammasome in the human cardiovascular system. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213484. [PMID: 36129453 PMCID: PMC9499823 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NBD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR) containing protein family (NLRs) are intracellular pattern recognition receptors that mediate innate immunity against infections. The endothelium is the first line of defense against blood-borne pathogens, but it is unclear which NLRs control endothelial cell (EC) intrinsic immunity. Here, we demonstrate that human ECs simultaneously activate NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes in response to DPP8/9 inhibitor Val-boro-Pro (VbP). Enterovirus Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3)-the most common cause of viral myocarditis-predominantly activates CARD8 in ECs in a manner that requires viral 2A and 3C protease cleavage at CARD8 p.G38 and proteasome function. Genetic deletion of CARD8 in ECs and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (HCMs) attenuates CVB3-induced pyroptosis, inflammation, and viral propagation. Furthermore, using a stratified endothelial-cardiomyocyte co-culture system, we demonstrate that deleting CARD8 in ECs reduces CVB3 infection of the underlying cardiomyocytes. Our study uncovers the unique role of CARD8 inflammasome in endothelium-intrinsic anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Nadkarni
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wern Cui Chu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Q E Lee
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasir Mohamud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lynn Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheryl Beh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radiance Lim
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiyun Michelle Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yizhuo Lyanne Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kim Robinson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Honglin Luo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franklin Zhong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Chothani SP, Adami E, Widjaja AA, Langley SR, Viswanathan S, Pua CJ, Zhihao NT, Harmston N, D'Agostino G, Whiffin N, Mao W, Ouyang JF, Lim WW, Lim S, Lee CQE, Grubman A, Chen J, Kovalik JP, Tryggvason K, Polo JM, Ho L, Cook SA, Rackham OJL, Schafer S. A high-resolution map of human RNA translation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2885-2899.e8. [PMID: 35841888 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We determined the ribosome locations across six primary human cell types and five tissues and detected 7,767 smORFs with translational profiles matching those of known proteins. The human genome was found to contain highly cell-type- and tissue-specific smORFs and a subset that encodes highly conserved amino acid sequences. Changes in the translational efficiency of upstream-encoded smORFs (uORFs) and the corresponding main ORFs predominantly occur in the same direction. Integration with 456 mass-spectrometry datasets confirms the presence of 603 small peptides at the protein level in humans and provides insights into the subcellular localization of these small proteins. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of high-confidence translated smORFs derived from primary human cells and tissues in order to provide a more complete understanding of the translated human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia P Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Nevin Tham Zhihao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wang Mao
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Lim
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Shiqi Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Q E Lee
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - J P Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lena Ho
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.
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7
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Cai H, Kondo M, Sandhow L, Xiao P, Johansson AS, Sasaki T, Zawacka-Pankau J, Tryggvason K, Ungerstedt J, Walfridsson J, Ekblom M, Qian H. Critical role of Lama4 for hematopoiesis regeneration and acute myeloid leukemia progression. Blood 2022; 139:3040-3057. [PMID: 34958665 PMCID: PMC11022969 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of normal hematopoiesis and leukemia progression are 2 well-linked processes during leukemia development and are controlled by the bone marrow (BM) niche. Extracellular matrix proteins, including laminin, are important BM niche components. However, their role in hematopoiesis regeneration and leukemia is unknown. Laminin α4 (Lama4), a major receptor-binding chain of several laminins, is altered in BM niches in mice with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). So far, the impact of Lama4 on leukemia progression remains unknown. We here report that Lama4 deletion in mice resulted in impaired hematopoiesis regeneration following irradiation-induced stress, which is accompanied by altered BM niche composition and inflammation. Importantly, in a transplantation-induced MLL-AF9 AML mouse model, we demonstrate accelerated AML progression and relapse in Lama4-/- mice. Upon AML exposure, Lama4-/- mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited dramatic molecular alterations, including upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that favor AML growth. Lama4-/- MSCs displayed increased antioxidant activities and promoted AML stem cell proliferation and chemoresistance to cytarabine, which was accompanied by increased mitochondrial transfer from the MSCs to AML cells and reduced reactive oxygen species in AML cells in vitro. Similarly, we detected lower levels of reactive oxygen species in AML cells from Lama4-/- mice post-cytarabine treatment. Notably, LAMA4 inhibition or knockdown in human MSCs promoted human AML cell proliferation and chemoprotection. Together, our study for the first time demonstrates the critical role of Lama4 in impeding AML progression and chemoresistance. Targeting Lama4 signaling pathways may offer potential new therapeutic options for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cai
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lakshmi Sandhow
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pingnan Xiao
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Sofie Johansson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takako Sasaki
- Department of Matrix Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Joanna Zawacka-Pankau
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Ungerstedt
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian Walfridsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marja Ekblom
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong Qian
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Tanoue A, Katayama K, Ito Y, Joh K, Toda M, Yasuma T, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Kawachi H, Yan K, Ito M, Gabazza EC, Tryggvason K, Dohi K. Podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice develop focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20556. [PMID: 34654837 PMCID: PMC8519956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Crb2 is a cell polarity-related type I transmembrane protein expressed in the apical membrane of podocytes. Knockdown of crb2 causes glomerular permeability defects in zebrafish, and its complete knockout causes embryonic lethality in mice. There are also reports of Crb2 mutations in patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, although the precise mechanism is unclear. The present study demonstrated that podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice develop massive albuminuria and microhematuria 2-month after birth and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis with hemosiderin-laden macrophages at 6-month of age. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies demonstrated injury and foot process effacement of podocytes in 6-month aged podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice. The number of glomerular Wt1-positive cells and the expressions of Nphs2, Podxl, and Nphs1 were reduced in podocyte-specific Crb2 knockout mice compared to negative control mice. Human podocytes lacking CRB2 had significantly decreased F-actin positive area and were more susceptible to apoptosis than their wild-type counterparts. Overall, this study's results suggest that the specific deprivation of Crb2 in podocytes induces altered actin cytoskeleton reorganization associated with dysfunction and accelerated apoptosis of podocytes that ultimately cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanoue
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yugo Ito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Joh
- Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ito
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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9
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Choo XY, Lim YM, Katwadi K, Yap L, Tryggvason K, Sun AX, Li S, Handoko L, Ouyang JF, Rackham OJL. Evaluating Capture Sequence Performance for Single-Cell CRISPR Activation Experiments. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:640-645. [PMID: 33625849 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of single-cell RNA sequencing with CRISPR inhibition/activation provides a high-throughput approach to simultaneously study the effects of hundreds if not thousands of gene perturbations in a single experiment. One recent development in CRISPR-based single-cell techniques introduces a feature barcoding technology that allows for the simultaneous capture of mRNA and guide RNA (gRNA) from the same cell. This is achieved by introducing a capture sequence, whose complement can be incorporated into each gRNA and that can be used to amplify these features prior to sequencing. However, because the technology is in its infancy, there is little information available on how such experimental parameters can be optimized. To overcome this, we varied the capture sequence, capture sequence position, and gRNA backbone to identify an optimal gRNA scaffold for CRISPR activation gene perturbation studies. We provide a report on our screening approach along with our observations and recommendations for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Choo
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Yu Ming Lim
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Khairunnisa Katwadi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Lynn Yap
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672
| | - Shang Li
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Lusy Handoko
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
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10
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Yap L, Wang JW, Moreno-Moral A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Harmston N, Wang X, Chong SY, Vanezis K, Öhman MK, Wei H, Bunte R, Gosh S, Cook S, Hovatta O, de Kleijn DPV, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. In Vivo Generation of Post-infarct Human Cardiac Muscle by Laminin-Promoted Cardiovascular Progenitors. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107714. [PMID: 32460024 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Yap
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yi Sun
- BioLamina AB, Lö fströ ms Allé 5A, Sundbyberg 17266, Sweden
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Konstantinos Vanezis
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Miina K Öhman
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Heming Wei
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Ralph Bunte
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Gosh
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart Cook
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Yap L, Wang JW, Moreno-Moral A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Harmston N, Wang X, Chong SY, Vanezis K, Öhman MK, Wei H, Bunte R, Gosh S, Cook S, Hovatta O, de Kleijn DPV, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. In Vivo Generation of Post-infarct Human Cardiac Muscle by Laminin-Promoted Cardiovascular Progenitors. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3231-3245.e9. [PMID: 30893597 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of injured human heart muscle is limited and an unmet clinical need. There are no methods for the reproducible generation of clinical-quality stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitors (CVPs). We identified laminin-221 (LN-221) as the most likely expressed cardiac laminin. We produced it as human recombinant protein and showed that LN-221 promotes differentiation of pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward cardiomyocyte lineage and downregulates pluripotency and teratoma-associated genes. We developed a chemically defined, xeno-free laminin-based differentiation protocol to generate CVPs. We show high reproducibility of the differentiation protocol using time-course bulk RNA sequencing developed from different hESC lines. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CVPs derived from hESC lines supported reproducibility and identified three main progenitor subpopulations. These CVPs were transplanted into myocardial infarction mice, where heart function was measured by echocardiogram and human heart muscle bundle formation was identified histologically. This method may provide clinical-quality cells for use in regenerative cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Yap
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Yi Sun
- BioLamina AB, Löfströms Allé 5A, Sundbyberg 17266, Sweden
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Konstantinos Vanezis
- Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Miina K Öhman
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Heming Wei
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Ralph Bunte
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sujoy Gosh
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart Cook
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Cale Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Dominique P V de Kleijn
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore 117599, Singapore; University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Tjin MS, Chua AWC, Tryggvason K. Chemically defined and xenogeneic-free culture method for human epidermal keratinocytes on laminin-based matrices. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:694-711. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Guo J, Rackham OJL, Sandholm N, He B, Österholm AM, Valo E, Harjutsalo V, Forsblom C, Toppila I, Parkkonen M, Li Q, Zhu W, Harmston N, Chothani S, Öhman MK, Eng E, Sun Y, Petretto E, Groop PH, Tryggvason K. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Finnish Type 1 Diabetic Siblings Discordant for Kidney Disease Reveals DNA Variants associated with Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:309-323. [PMID: 31919106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019030289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several genetic susceptibility loci associated with diabetic nephropathy have been documented, but no causative variants implying novel pathogenetic mechanisms have been elucidated. METHODS We carried out whole-genome sequencing of a discovery cohort of Finnish siblings with type 1 diabetes who were discordant for the presence (case) or absence (control) of diabetic nephropathy. Controls had diabetes without complications for 15-37 years. We analyzed and annotated variants at genome, gene, and single-nucleotide variant levels. We then replicated the associated variants, genes, and regions in a replication cohort from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy study that included 3531 unrelated Finns with type 1 diabetes. RESULTS We observed protein-altering variants and an enrichment of variants in regions associated with the presence or absence of diabetic nephropathy. The replication cohort confirmed variants in both regulatory and protein-coding regions. We also observed that diabetic nephropathy-associated variants, when clustered at the gene level, are enriched in a core protein-interaction network representing proteins essential for podocyte function. These genes include protein kinases (protein kinase C isoforms ε and ι) and protein tyrosine kinase 2. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive analysis of a diabetic nephropathy cohort of siblings with type 1 diabetes who were discordant for kidney disease points to variants and genes that are potentially causative or protective for diabetic nephropathy. This includes variants in two isoforms of the protein kinase C family not previously linked to diabetic nephropathy, adding support to previous hypotheses that the protein kinase C family members play a role in diabetic nephropathy and might be attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bing He
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-May Österholm
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Erkka Valo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Parkkonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qibin Li
- Complex Disease Research Center, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Complex Disease Research Center, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,Science Division, Yale-National University of Singapore College, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Miina K Öhman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eudora Eng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yang Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; .,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland; .,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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14
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Yap L, Tay HG, Nguyen MT, Tjin MS, Tryggvason K. Laminins in Cellular Differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:987-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Swystun LL, Ogiwara K, Lai JD, Ojala JRM, Rawley O, Lassalle F, Notley C, Rengby O, Michels A, Nesbitt K, Tryggvason K, Lillicrap D. The scavenger receptor SCARA5 is an endocytic receptor for von Willebrand factor expressed by littoral cells in the human spleen. J Thromb Haemost 2019; 17:1384-1396. [PMID: 31126000 PMCID: PMC6689151 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scavenger receptors play a significant role in clearing aged proteins from the plasma, including the large glycoprotein coagulation factors von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII). A large genome-wide association study meta-analysis has identified genetic variants in the gene SCARA5, which encodes the class A scavenger receptor SCARA5, as being associated with plasma levels of VWF and FVIII. OBJECTIVES The ability of SCARA5 to regulate the clearance of VWF-FVIII was characterized. METHODS VWF-FVIII interactions with SCARA5 were evaluated by solid phase binding assays and in vitro cell based assays. The influence of SCARA5 deficiency on VWF:Ag and half-life was assessed in a murine model. The expression pattern of SCARA5 and its colocalization with VWF was evaluated in human tissues. RESULTS VWF and the VWF-FVIII complex bound to human recombinant SCARA5 in a dose- and calcium-dependent manner. SCARA5 expressing HEK 293T cells bound and internalized VWF and the VWF-FVIII complex into early endosomes. In vivo, SCARA5 deficiency had a modest influence on the half-life of human VWF. mRNA analysis and immunohistochemistry determined that human SCARA5 is expressed in kidney podocytes and the red pulp, white pulp, and marginal zone of the spleen. VWF was found to colocalize with SCARA5 expressed by littoral cells lining the red pulp of the human spleen. CONCLUSIONS SCARA5 is an adhesive and endocytic receptor for VWF. In human tissues, SCARA5 is expressed by kidney podocytes and splenic littoral endothelial cells. SCARA5 may have a modest influence on VWF clearance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Swystun
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Indicates co-first authorship
| | - Kenichi Ogiwara
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Indicates co-first authorship
| | - Jesse D. Lai
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Juha R. M. Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Orla Rawley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fanny Lassalle
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Colleen Notley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Olle Rengby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison Michels
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Nesbitt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Lillicrap
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Tjin MS, Chua AWC, Moreno-Moral A, Chong LY, Tang PY, Harmston NP, Cai Z, Petretto E, Tan BK, Tryggvason K. Biologically relevant laminin as chemically defined and fully human platform for human epidermal keratinocyte culture. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4432. [PMID: 30377295 PMCID: PMC6207750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current expansion of autologous human keratinocytes to resurface severe wound defects still relies on murine feeder layer and calf serum in the cell culture system. Through our characterization efforts of the human skin basement membrane and murine feeder layer 3T3-J2, we identified two biologically relevant recombinant laminins-LN-511 and LN-421- as potential candidates to replace the murine feeder. Herein, we report a completely xeno-free and defined culture system utilizing these laminins which enables robust expansion of adult human skin keratinocytes. We demonstrate that our laminin system is comparable to the 3T3-J2 co-culture system in terms of basal markers' profile, colony-forming efficiency and the ability to form normal stratified epidermal structure in both in vitro and in vivo models. These results show that the proposed system may not only provide safer keratinocyte use in the clinics, but also facilitate the broader use of other cultured human epithelial cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Suryana Tjin
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Alvin Wen Choong Chua
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Yen Chong
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Po Yin Tang
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Nathan Peter Harmston
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Zuhua Cai
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Bien Keem Tan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Skin Bank Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17771, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Sigmundsson K, Ojala JR, Öhman MK, Österholm AM, Moreno-Moral A, Domogatskaya A, Chong LY, Sun Y, Chai X, Steele JA, George B, Patarroyo M, Nilsson AS, Rodin S, Ghosh S, Stevens MM, Petretto E, Tryggvason K. Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:5-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Lin MH, Miller JB, Kikkawa Y, Suleiman HY, Tryggvason K, Hodges BL, Miner JH. Laminin-521 Protein Therapy for Glomerular Basement Membrane and Podocyte Abnormalities in a Model of Pierson Syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1426-1436. [PMID: 29472414 PMCID: PMC5967757 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminin α5β2γ1 (LM-521) is a major component of the GBM. Mutations in LAMB2 that prevent LM-521 synthesis and/or secretion cause Pierson syndrome, a rare congenital nephrotic syndrome with diffuse mesangial sclerosis and ocular and neurologic defects. Because the GBM is uniquely accessible to plasma, which permeates endothelial cell fenestrae, we hypothesized that intravenous delivery of LM-521 could replace the missing LM-521 in the GBM of Lamb2 mutant mice and restore glomerular permselectivity.Methods We injected human LM-521 (hLM-521), a macromolecule of approximately 800 kD, into the retro-orbital sinus of Lamb2-/- pups daily. Deposition of hLM-521 into the GBM was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. We assayed the effects of hLM-521 on glomerular permselectivity by urinalysis and the effects on podocytes by desmin immunostaining and ultrastructural analysis of podocyte architecture.Results Injected hLM-521 rapidly and stably accumulated in the GBM of all glomeruli. Super-resolution imaging showed that hLM-521 accumulated in the correct orientation in the GBM, primarily on the endothelial aspect. Treatment with hLM-521 greatly reduced the expression of the podocyte injury marker desmin and attenuated the foot process effacement observed in untreated pups. Moreover, treatment with hLM-521 delayed the onset of proteinuria but did not prevent nephrotic syndrome, perhaps due to its absence from the podocyte aspect of the GBM.Conclusions These studies show that GBM composition and function can be altered in vivovia vascular delivery of even very large proteins, which may advance therapeutic options for patients with abnormal GBM composition, whether genetic or acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meei-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph B Miller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hani Y Suleiman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | | | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;
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19
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Nigatu A, Sime W, Gorfu G, Geberhiwot T, Andurén I, Ingerpuu S, Doi M, Tryggvason K, Hjemdahl P, Patarroyo M. Megakaryocytic cells synthesize and platelets secrete α5-laminins, and the endothelial laminin isoform laminin 10 (α5β1γ1) strongly promotes adhesion but not activation of platelets. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1160/th05-04-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryFollowing vascular injury, basement membrane (BM) components of the blood vessels are exposed to circulating cells and may contribute to hemostasis and/or thrombosis. Laminins 8 (LN-8) (α4β1γ1) and 10 (LN-10) (α5β1γ1) are major laminin isoforms of the endothelial BM, and LN-8 is also secreted by activated platelets. In the present study, we demonstrate synthesis of α5-laminins LN-10 and LN-11 (α5β2γ1) by megakaryocytic cells, and intracellular expression of these laminin isoforms in blood platelets. In contrast to platelet LNα4 chain that had an apparent molecular weight of 180 kDa and associated mostly to LNβ1 chain, platelet LNα5 consisted of 300/350 kDa polypeptides and associated mainly to LNβ2. Both α4– and α5-laminins were secreted by platelets following stimulation. When compared to recombinant human (rh) LN-8, rhLN-10 was much more adhesive to platelets, though adhesion to both proteins was largely mediated via α6β1 integrin. In spite of their adhesive properties, rhLN-8 and rhLN-10 induced neither P-selectin expression nor cell aggregation, two signs of platelet activation. This study demonstrates synthesis/expression of heterotrimeric α5-laminins in hematopoietic/blood cells, and provides evidence for the adhesive, but not activating, role of endothelial laminin isoforms in platelet biology.
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20
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Horejs CM, St-Pierre JP, Ojala JRM, Steele JAM, da Silva PB, Rynne-Vidal A, Maynard SA, Hansel CS, Rodríguez-Fernández C, Mazo MM, You AYF, Wang AJ, von Erlach T, Tryggvason K, López-Cabrera M, Stevens MM. Preventing tissue fibrosis by local biomaterials interfacing of specific cryptic extracellular matrix information. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15509. [PMID: 28593951 PMCID: PMC5472175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the breakdown of tissue structures such as the basement membrane, promoting tissue fibrosis. Here we developed an electrospun membrane biofunctionalized with a fragment of the laminin β1-chain to modulate the expression of MMP2 in this context. We demonstrate that interfacing of the β1-fragment with the mesothelium of the peritoneal membrane via a biomaterial abrogates the release of active MMP2 in response to transforming growth factor β1 and rescues tissue integrity ex vivo and in vivo in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis. Importantly, our data demonstrate that the membrane inhibits MMP2 expression. Changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules further point towards a contribution of the modulation of EMT. Biomaterial-based presentation of regulatory basement membrane signals directly addresses limitations of current therapeutic approaches by enabling a localized and specific method to counteract MMP2 release applicable to a broad range of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juha R M Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patricia Barros da Silva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie A Maynard
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Catherine S Hansel
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clara Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amanda Y F You
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alex J Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas von Erlach
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
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21
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Ito Y, Katayama K, Nishibori Y, Akimoto Y, Kudo A, Kurayama R, Hada I, Takahashi S, Kimura T, Fukutomi T, Katada T, Suehiro J, Beltcheva O, Tryggvason K, Yan K. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1 epigenetically regulates nephrin gene expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F1184-F1199. [PMID: 28228401 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00305.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of nephrin underlies the pathophysiology of proteinuria in both congenital and acquired nephrotic syndrome. However, the epigenetic mechanisms of nephrin gene regulation remain elusive. Here, we show that Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like 1 long form (WHSC1L1-L) is a novel epigenetic modifier of nephrin gene regulation. WHSC1L1-L was associated with histone H3K4 and H3K36 in human embryonic kidney cells. WHSC1L1-L gene was expressed in the podocytes, and functional protein product was detected in these cells. WHSC1L1-L was found to bind nephrin but not other podocyte-specific gene promoters, leading to its inhibition/suppression, abrogating the stimulatory effect of WT1 and NF-κB. Gene knockdown of WHSC1L1-L in primary cultured podocytes accelerated the transcription of nephrin but not CD2AP. An in vivo zebrafish study involving the injection of Whsc1l1 mRNA into embryos demonstrated an apparent reduction of nephrin mRNA but not podocin and CD2AP mRNA. Immunohistochemistry showed that both WHSC1L1-L and nephrin emerged at the S-shaped body stage in glomeruli. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy displayed WHSC1L1 to colocalize with trimethylated H3K4 in the glomerular podocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed the reduction of the association of trimethylated H3K4 at the nephrin promoter regions. Finally, nephrin mRNA was upregulated in the glomerulus at the early proteinuric stage of mouse nephrosis, which was associated with the reduction of WHSC1L1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that WHSC1L1-L acts as a histone methyltransferase in podocytes and regulates nephrin gene expression, which may in turn contribute to the integrity of the slit diaphragm of the glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yukino Nishibori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kudo
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hada
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Tomohisa Katada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Junichi Suehiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Olga Beltcheva
- Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan;
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22
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He B, Ojala J, Guo J, Tryggvason K, Axelsson J, Patrakka J. MP086PODOCYTES CONTRIBUTE TO CARNITINE HOMEOSTASIS VIA EXPRESSING A CARNITINE EFFLUX TRANSPORTER SLC16A9. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx162.mp086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Månsson-Broberg A, Rodin S, Bulatovic I, Ibarra C, Löfling M, Genead R, Wärdell E, Felldin U, Granath C, Alici E, Le Blanc K, Smith CIE, Salašová A, Westgren M, Sundström E, Uhlén P, Arenas E, Sylvén C, Tryggvason K, Corbascio M, Simonson OE, Österholm C, Grinnemo KH. Wnt/β-Catenin Stimulation and Laminins Support Cardiovascular Cell Progenitor Expansion from Human Fetal Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:607-617. [PMID: 27052314 PMCID: PMC4834052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic regenerative capacity of human fetal cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has not been fully characterized. Here we demonstrate that we can expand cells with characteristics of cardiovascular progenitor cells from the MSC population of human fetal hearts. Cells cultured on cardiac muscle laminin (LN)-based substrata in combination with stimulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway showed increased gene expression of ISL1, OCT4, KDR, and NKX2.5. The majority of cells stained positive for PDGFR-α, ISL1, and NKX2.5, and subpopulations also expressed the progenitor markers TBX18, KDR, c-KIT, and SSEA-1. Upon culture of the cardiac MSCs in differentiation media and on relevant LNs, portions of the cells differentiated into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes, and endothelial and smooth muscle-like cells. Our protocol for large-scale culture of human fetal cardiac MSCs enables future exploration of the regenerative functions of these cells in the context of myocardial injury in vitro and in vivo. Cells with progenitor properties can be expanded from human fetal cardiac MSCs Specific LNs support expansion and differentiation of cardiac MSCs The fetal cardiac MSCs express ISL1, PDGFR-α, and NKX2.5 Subpopulations express the progenitor markers KDR, SSEA-1, c-KIT, and TBX18
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Månsson-Broberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivana Bulatovic
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristián Ibarra
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca R&D, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Marie Löfling
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rami Genead
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Wärdell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Felldin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Granath
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Katarina Le Blanc
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alena Salašová
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Westgren
- CLINTEC, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Division of Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Sylvén
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthias Corbascio
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA.
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24
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Rodriguez PQ, Oddsson A, Ebarasi L, He B, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Knockdown of Tmem234 in zebrafish results in proteinuria. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F955-66. [PMID: 26377798 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00525.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells located at the outer aspects of the glomerular capillary tuft and critical components of the kidney filtration barrier. To maintain their unique features, podocytes express a number of proteins that are only sparsely found elsewhere in the body. In this study, we have identified four (Tmem234, Znf185, Lrrc49, and Slfn5) new highly podocyte-enriched proteins. The proteins are strongly expressed by podocytes, while other parts of the kidney show only weak or no expression. Tmem234, Slfn5, and Lrrc49 are located in foot processes, whereas Znf185 is found in both foot and major processes. Expressional studies in developing kidneys show that these proteins are first expressed at the capillary stage glomerulus, the same stage when the formation of major and foot processes begins. We identified zebrafish orthologs for Tmem234 and Znf185 genes and knocked down their expression using morpholino technology. Studies in zebrafish larvae indicate that Tmem234 is essential for the organization and functional integrity of the pronephric glomerulus filtration barrier, as inactivation of Tmem234 expression results in foot process effacement and proteinuria. In summary, we have identified four novel highly podocyte-enriched proteins and show that one of them, Tmem234, is essential for the normal filtration barrier in the zebrafish pronephric glomerulus. Identification of new molecular components of the kidney filtration barrier opens up possibilities to study their role in glomerulus biology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Q Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asmundur Oddsson
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing He
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Damdimopoulou P, Rodin S, Stenfelt S, Antonsson L, Tryggvason K, Hovatta O. Human embryonic stem cells. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 31:2-12. [PMID: 26602389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of permanent human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) was first reported in 1998. Due to their pluripotent nature and ability to differentiate to all cell types in the body, they have been considered as a cell source for regenerative medicine. Since then, intensive studies have been carried out regarding factors regulating pluripotency and differentiation. hESCs are obtained from supernumerary human IVF (in vitro fertilization) embryos that cannot be used for the couple's infertility treatment. Today, we can establish and expand these cells in animal substance-free conditions, even from single cells biopsied from eight-cell stage embryos. There are satisfactory tests for the demonstration of genetic stability, absence of tumorigenic mutations, functionality, and safety of hESCs. Clinical trials are ongoing for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). This review focuses on the present state of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Damdimopoulou
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sonya Stenfelt
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Liselotte Antonsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Weins A, Wong JS, Basgen JM, Gupta R, Daehn I, Casagrande L, Lessman D, Schwartzman M, Meliambro K, Patrakka J, Shaw A, Tryggvason K, He JC, Nicholas SB, Mundel P, Campbell KN. Dendrin ablation prolongs life span by delaying kidney failure. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:2143-57. [PMID: 26073036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte loss is central to the progression of proteinuric kidney diseases leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), requiring renal replacement therapy, such as dialysis. Despite modern tools and techniques, the 5-year mortality of some patients requiring dialysis remains at about 70% to 80%. Thus, there is a great unmet need for podocyte-specific treatments aimed at preventing podocyte loss and the ensuing development of ESKD. Here, we show that ablation of the podocyte death-promoting protein dendrin delays the onset of ESKD, thereby expanding the life span of mice lacking the adapter protein CD2AP. Ablation of dendrin delays onset and severity of proteinuria and podocyte loss. In addition, dendrin ablation ameliorates mesangial volume expansion and up-regulation of mesangial fibronectin expression, which is mediated by a podocyte-secreted factor. In conclusion, onset of ESKD and death can be markedly delayed by blocking the function of dendrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny S Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John M Basgen
- Department of Research, Morphometry and Stereology Laboratory, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Lisette Casagrande
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Lessman
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Monica Schwartzman
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kristin Meliambro
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrey Shaw
- Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Susanne B Nicholas
- Division of Nephrology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter Mundel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kirk N Campbell
- Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Perisic L, Rodriguez PQ, Hultenby K, Sun Y, Lal M, Betsholtz C, Uhlén M, Wernerson A, Hedin U, Pikkarainen T, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Correction: Schip1 Is a Novel Podocyte Foot Process Protein that Mediates Actin Cytoskeleton Rearrangements and Forms a Complex with Nherf2 and Ezrin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126079. [PMID: 25965062 PMCID: PMC4428695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Perisic L, Rodriguez PQ, Hultenby K, Sun Y, Lal M, Betsholtz C, Uhlén M, Wernerson A, Hedin U, Pikkarainen T, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Schip1 is a novel podocyte foot process protein that mediates actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and forms a complex with Nherf2 and ezrin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122067. [PMID: 25807495 PMCID: PMC4373682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Podocyte foot process effacement accompanied by actin cytoskeleton rearrangements is a cardinal feature of many progressive human proteinuric diseases. Results By microarray profiling of mouse glomerulus, SCHIP1 emerged as one of the most highly enriched transcripts. We detected Schip1 protein in the kidney glomerulus, specifically in podocytes foot processes. Functionally, Schip1 inactivation in zebrafish by morpholino knock-down results in foot process disorganization and podocyte loss leading to proteinuria. In cultured podocytes Schip1 localizes to cortical actin-rich regions of lamellipodia, where it forms a complex with Nherf2 and ezrin, proteins known to participate in actin remodeling stimulated by PDGFβ signaling. Mechanistically, overexpression of Schip1 in vitro causes accumulation of cortical F-actin with dissolution of transversal stress fibers and promotes cell migration in response to PDGF-BB stimulation. Upon actin disassembly by latrunculin A treatment, Schip1 remains associated with the residual F-actin-containing structures, suggesting a functional connection with actin cytoskeleton possibly via its interaction partners. A similar assay with cytochalasin D points to stabilization of cortical actin cytoskeleton in Schip1 overexpressing cells by attenuation of actin depolymerisation. Conclusions Schip1 is a novel glomerular protein predominantly expressed in podocytes, necessary for the zebrafish pronephros development and function. Schip1 associates with the cortical actin cytoskeleton network and modulates its dynamics in response to PDGF signaling via interaction with the Nherf2/ezrin complex. Its implication in proteinuric diseases remains to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Q. Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Department of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Pikkarainen
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Katayama K, Nomura S, Tryggvason K, Ito M. Searching for a treatment for Alport syndrome using mouse models. World J Nephrol 2014; 3:230-236. [PMID: 25374816 PMCID: PMC4220355 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary nephritis caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 encoding the type IV collagen α3, α4, and α5 chains, which are major components of the glomerular basement membrane. About 20 years have passed since COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5 were identified and the first Alport mouse model was developed using a knockout approach. The phenotype of Alport mice is similar to that of Alport patients, including characteristic thickening and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane. Alport mice have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of AS and to develop effective therapies. In this review, the newer therapies for AS, such as pharmacological interventions, genetic approaches and stem cell therapies, are discussed. Although some stem cell therapies have been demonstrated to slow the renal disease progression in Alport mice, these therapies demand continual refinement as research advances. In terms of the pharmacological drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors have been shown to be effective in Alport mice. Novel therapies that can provide a better outcome or lead to a cure are still awaited.
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Hovatta O, Rodin S, Antonsson L, Tryggvason K. Concise review: animal substance-free human embryonic stem cells aiming at clinical applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1269-74. [PMID: 25298372 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells have been considered the gold standard as a cell source for regenerative medicine since they were first cultured in 1998. They are pluripotent and can form principally all the cells types in the body. They are obtained from supernumerary human in vitro fertilization embryos that cannot be used for infertility treatment. Following studies on factors regulating pluripotency and differentiation, we now have techniques to establish and effectively expand these cells in animal substance-free conditions, even from single cells biopsied from eight-cell stage embryos in chemically defined feeder-free cultures. The genetic stability and absence of tumorigenic mutations can be determined. There are satisfactory animal tests for functionality and safety. The first clinical trials are ongoing for two indications: age-related macular degeneration and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Hovatta
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Liselotte Antonsson
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Departments of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Hulkko J, Patrakka J, Lal M, Tryggvason K, Hultenby K, Wernerson A. Neph1 is reduced in primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and corresponding experimental animal models of adriamycin-induced nephropathy and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis. Nephron Extra 2014; 4:146-54. [PMID: 25404935 PMCID: PMC4202611 DOI: 10.1159/000365091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The transmembrane proteins Neph1 and nephrin form a complex in the slit diaphragm (SD) of podocytes. As recent studies indicate an involvement of this complex in the polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and proteinuria, we wanted to study the subcellular localization of Neph1 in the normal human kidney and its expression in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), and the corresponding experimental models of Adriamycin-induced nephropathy (ADR) and puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN). All these disorders are characterized by substantial foot process effacement (FPE) and proteinuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Kidney biopsies from patients with primary FSGS (perihilar type) and MCNS were compared to normal renal tissue. Mouse and rat kidney cortices from days 7 and 14 after Adriamycin injection and days 2 and 4 after puromycin aminonucleoside injection, respectively, were compared to control mouse and rat kidney. Polyclonal antibodies against Neph1 and nephrin were used for immunoelectron microscopy, and semiquantification was performed. RESULTS We localized Neph1 mainly to, and in close proximity to, the SD. Double staining of Neph1 and nephrin showed the proteins to be in close connection in the SD. The total amount of Neph1 in the podocytes was significantly reduced in FSGS, MCNS, ADR, and PAN. The reduction of Neph1 was also seen in areas with and without FPE. Nephrin was reduced in MCNS and PAN but unchanged in FSGS. CONCLUSION With nephrin (but not Neph1) unchanged in FSGS, there might be a disruption of the complex and an involvement of Neph1 in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hulkko
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sambo F, Malovini A, Sandholm N, Stavarachi M, Forsblom C, Mäkinen VP, Harjutsalo V, Lithovius R, Gordin D, Parkkonen M, Saraheimo M, Thorn LM, Tolonen N, Wadén J, He B, Osterholm AM, Tuomilehto J, Lajer M, Salem RM, McKnight AJ, Tarnow L, Panduru NM, Barbarini N, Di Camillo B, Toffolo GM, Tryggvason K, Bellazzi R, Cobelli C, Groop PH. Novel genetic susceptibility loci for diabetic end-stage renal disease identified through robust naive Bayes classification. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1611-22. [PMID: 24871321 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic nephropathy is a major diabetic complication, and diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Family studies suggest a hereditary component for diabetic nephropathy. However, only a few genes have been associated with diabetic nephropathy or ESRD in diabetic patients. Our aim was to detect novel genetic variants associated with diabetic nephropathy and ESRD. METHODS We exploited a novel algorithm, 'Bag of Naive Bayes', whose marker selection strategy is complementary to that of conventional genome-wide association models based on univariate association tests. The analysis was performed on a genome-wide association study of 3,464 patients with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study and subsequently replicated with 4,263 type 1 diabetes patients from the Steno Diabetes Centre, the All Ireland-Warren 3-Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes UK collection (UK-Republic of Ireland) and the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes US Study (GoKinD US). RESULTS Five genetic loci (WNT4/ZBTB40-rs12137135, RGMA/MCTP2-rs17709344, MAPRE1P2-rs1670754, SEMA6D/SLC24A5-rs12917114 and SIK1-rs2838302) were associated with ESRD in the FinnDiane study. An association between ESRD and rs17709344, tagging the previously identified rs12437854 and located between the RGMA and MCTP2 genes, was replicated in independent case-control cohorts. rs12917114 near SEMA6D was associated with ESRD in the replication cohorts under the genotypic model (p < 0.05), and rs12137135 upstream of WNT4 was associated with ESRD in Steno. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study supports the previously identified findings on the RGMA/MCTP2 region and suggests novel susceptibility loci for ESRD. This highlights the importance of applying complementary statistical methods to detect novel genetic variants in diabetic nephropathy and, in general, in complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sambo
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Lal MA, Andersson AC, Katayama K, Xiao Z, Nukui M, Hultenby K, Wernerson A, Tryggvason K. Rhophilin-1 is a key regulator of the podocyte cytoskeleton and is essential for glomerular filtration. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:647-62. [PMID: 25071083 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhophilin-1 is a Rho GTPase-interacting protein, the biologic function of which is largely unknown. Here, we identify and describe the functional role of Rhophilin-1 as a novel podocyte-specific protein of the kidney glomerulus. Rhophilin-1 knockout mice were phenotypically normal at birth but developed albuminuria at about 2 weeks of age. Kidneys from severely albuminuric mice revealed widespread podocyte foot process effacement, thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, and FSGS-like lesions. The absence of any overt changes in the expression of podocyte proteins at the onset of proteinuria suggested that the primary cause of podocyte abnormalities in Rhpn1-null mice was the result of cell-autonomous, Rhophilin-1-dependent signaling events. In culture, Rhophilin-1 was detected at the plasma membrane leading edge of primary podocytes, where it elicited remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton network. This effect of Rhophilin-1 on actin cytoskeleton organization associated with inhibitory effects on Rho-dependent phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain and stress fiber formation. Conversely, phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain increased in podocyte foot processes of Rhpn1(-/-) mice, implicating altered actinomyosin contractility in foot process effacement and compromised filtration capacity. Targeted deletion of RhoA in podocytes of Rhophilin-1 knockout mice exacerbated the renal injury. Taken together, our results indicate that Rhophilin-1 is essential for the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier and that this protein is a key determinant of podocyte cytoskeleton architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lal
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
| | | | - Kan Katayama
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
| | - Ziejie Xiao
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
| | - Masatoshi Nukui
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Center, and
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics,
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Oprea II, Viola JR, Moreno PMD, Simonson OE, Rodin S, Teller N, Tryggvason K, Lundin KE, Girnita L, Smith CIE. Repeatable, Inducible Micro-RNA-Based Technology Tightly Controls Liver Transgene Expression. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2014; 3:e172. [PMID: 24983837 PMCID: PMC4121515 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2014.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inducible systems for gene expression emerge as a new class of artificial vectors offering temporal and spatial exogenous control of gene expression. However, most inducible systems are less efficient in vivo and lack the target-organ specificity. In the present study, we have developed and optimized an oligonucleotide-based inducible system for the in vivo control of transgenes in the liver. We generated a set of simple, inducible plasmid-vectors based on the addition of four units of liver-specific miR-122 target sites to the 3′untranslated region of the gene of interest. Once the vector was delivered into hepatocytes this modification induced a dramatic reduction of gene expression that could be restored by the infusion of an antagomir for miR-122. The efficiency of the system was tested in vivo, and displayed low background and strong increase in gene expression upon induction. Moreover, gene expression was repeatedly induced even several months after the first induction showing no toxic effect in vivo. By combining tissue-specific control elements with antagomir treatment we generated, optimized and validated a robust inducible system that could be used successfully for in vivo experimental models requiring tight and cyclic control of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulian I Oprea
- 1] Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden [2] Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania [3] Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pedro M D Moreno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Oscar E Simonson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin E Lundin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Inge Edvard Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
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Sandholm N, Forsblom C, Mäkinen VP, McKnight AJ, Osterholm AM, He B, Harjutsalo V, Lithovius R, Gordin D, Parkkonen M, Saraheimo M, Thorn LM, Tolonen N, Wadén J, Tuomilehto J, Lajer M, Ahlqvist E, Möllsten A, Marcovecchio ML, Cooper J, Dunger D, Paterson AD, Zerbini G, Groop L, Tarnow L, Maxwell AP, Tryggvason K, Groop PH. Genome-wide association study of urinary albumin excretion rate in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1143-53. [PMID: 24595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS An abnormal urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) is often the first clinically detectable manifestation of diabetic nephropathy. Our aim was to estimate the heritability and to detect genetic variation associated with elevated AER in patients with type 1 diabetes. METHODS The discovery phase genome-wide association study (GWAS) included 1,925 patients with type 1 diabetes and with data on 24 h AER. AER was analysed as a continuous trait and the analysis was stratified by the use of antihypertensive medication. Signals with a p value <10(-4) were followed up in 3,750 additional patients with type 1 diabetes from seven studies. RESULTS The narrow-sense heritability, captured with our genotyping platform, was estimated to explain 27.3% of the total AER variability, and 37.6% after adjustment for covariates. In the discovery stage, five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the GLRA3 gene were strongly associated with albuminuria (p < 5 × 10(-8)). In the replication group, a nominally significant association (p = 0.035) was observed between albuminuria and rs1564939 in GLRA3, but this was in the opposite direction. Sequencing of the surrounding genetic region in 48 Finnish and 48 UK individuals supported the possibility that population-specific rare variants contribute to the synthetic association observed at the common variants in GLRA3. The strongest replication (p = 0.026) was obtained for rs2410601 between the PSD3 and SH2D4A genes. Pathway analysis highlighted natural killer cell mediated immunity processes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study suggests novel pathways and molecular mechanisms for the pathogenesis of albuminuria in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gotha L, Lim SY, Osherov AB, Wolff R, Qiang B, Erlich I, Nili N, Pillarisetti S, Chang YT, Tran PK, Tryggvason K, Hedin U, Tran-Lundmark K, Advani SL, Gilbert RE, Strauss BH. Heparan sulfate side chains have a critical role in the inhibitory effects of perlecan on vascular smooth muscle cell response to arterial injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H337-45. [PMID: 24858854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00654.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Perlecan is a proteoglycan composed of a 470-kDa core protein linked to three heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycan chains. The intact proteoglycan inhibits the smooth muscle cell (SMC) response to vascular injury. Hspg2(Δ3/Δ3) (MΔ3/Δ3) mice produce a mutant perlecan lacking the HS side chains. The objective of this study was to determine differences between these two types of perlecan in modifying SMC activities to the arterial injury response, in order to define the specific role of the HS side chains. In vitro proliferative and migratory activities were compared in SMC isolated from MΔ3/Δ3 and wild-type mice. Proliferation of MΔ3/Δ3 SMC was 1.5× greater than in wild type (P < 0.001), increased by addition of growth factors, and showed a 42% greater migratory response than wild-type cells to PDGF-BB (P < 0.001). In MΔ3/Δ3 SMC adhesion to fibronectin, and collagen types I and IV was significantly greater than wild type. Addition of DRL-12582, an inducer of perlecan expression, decreased proliferation and migratory response to PDGF-BB stimulation in wild-type SMC compared with MΔ3/Δ3. In an in vivo carotid artery wire injury model, the medial thickness, medial area/lumen ratio, and macrophage infiltration were significantly increased in the MΔ3/Δ3 mice, indicating a prominent role of the HS side chain in limiting vascular injury response. Mutant perlecan that lacks HS side chains had a marked reduction in the inhibition of in vitro SMC function and the in vivo arterial response to injury, indicating the critical role of HS side chains in perlecan function in the vessel wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gotha
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sang Yup Lim
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Azriel B Osherov
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Wolff
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beiping Qiang
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilana Erlich
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Nili
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Phan-Kiet Tran
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley H Strauss
- Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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He B, Ebarasi L, Zhao Z, Guo J, Ojala JRM, Hultenby K, De Val S, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K. Lmx1b and FoxC combinatorially regulate podocin expression in podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2764-77. [PMID: 24854274 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocin is a key protein of the kidney podocyte slit diaphragm protein complex, an important part of the glomerular filtration barrier. Mutations in the human podocin gene NPHS2 cause familial or sporadic forms of renal disease owing to the disruption of filtration barrier integrity. The exclusive expression of NPHS2 in podocytes reflects its unique function and raises interesting questions about its transcriptional regulation. Here, we further define a 2.5-kb zebrafish nphs2 promoter fragment previously described and identify a 49-bp podocyte-specific transcriptional enhancer using Tol2-mediated G0 transgenesis in zebrafish. Within this enhancer, we identified a cis-acting element composed of two adjacent DNA-binding sites (FLAT-E and forkhead) bound by transcription factors Lmx1b and FoxC. In zebrafish, double knockdown of Lmx1b and FoxC orthologs using morpholino doses that caused no or minimal phenotypic changes upon individual knockdown completely disrupted podocyte development in 40% of injected embryos. Co-overexpression of the two genes potently induced endogenous nphs2 expression in zebrafish podocytes. We found that the NPHS2 promoter also contains a cis-acting Lmx1b-FoxC motif that binds LMX1B and FoxC2. Furthermore, a genome-wide search identified several genes that carry the Lmx1b-FoxC motif in their promoter regions. Among these candidates, motif-driven podocyte enhancer activity of CCNC and MEIS2 was functionally analyzed in vivo. Our results show that podocyte expression of some genes is combinatorially regulated by two transcription factors interacting synergistically with a common enhancer. This finding provides insights into transcriptional mechanisms required for normal and pathologic podocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, and
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, and
| | - Juha R M Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, and
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Research Centre, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah De Val
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Vascular Biology, and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Matrix Biology, and Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Singapore
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Xiao Z, Rodriguez PQ, He L, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Wtip- and gadd45a-interacting protein dendrin is not crucial for the development or maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83133. [PMID: 24376653 PMCID: PMC3869763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular podocyte cells are critical for the function of the renal ultrafiltration barrier. Especially, the highly specialized cell–cell junction of podocytes, the slit diaphragm, has a central role in the filtration barrier. This is highlighted by the fact that mutations in molecular components of the slit diaphragm, including nephrin and Cd2-associated protein (Cd2ap), result in proteinuric diseases in man. Dendrin is a poorly characterized cytosolic component of the slit diaphragm in where it interacts with nephrin and Cd2ap. Dendrin is highly specific for the podocyte slit diaphragm, suggesting that it has a dedicated role in the glomerular filtration barrier. In this study, we have generated a dendrin knockout mouse line and explored the molecular interactions of dendrin. Dendrin-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and had a normal life span. Morphologically, the glomerulogenesis proceeded normally and adult dendrin-deficient mice showed normal glomerular histology. No significant proteinuria was observed. Following glomerular injury, lack of dendrin did not affect the severity of the damage or the recovery process. Yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that dendrin binds to Wt1-interacting protein (Wtip) and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (Gadd45a). Wtip and Gadd45a mediate gene transcription in the nucleus, suggesting that dendrin may have similar functions in podocytes. In line with this, we observed the relocation of dendrin to nucleus in adriamycin nephropathy model. Our results indicate that dendrin is dispensable for the function of the normal glomerular filtration barrier and that dendrin interacts with Wtip and Gadd45a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xiao
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Q. Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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40
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Sandholm N, McKnight AJ, Salem RM, Brennan EP, Forsblom C, Harjutsalo V, Mäkinen VP, McKay GJ, Sadlier DM, Williams WW, Martin F, Panduru NM, Tarnow L, Tuomilehto J, Tryggvason K, Zerbini G, Comeau ME, Langefeld CD, Godson C, Hirschhorn JN, Maxwell AP, Florez JC, Groop PH. Chromosome 2q31.1 associates with ESRD in women with type 1 diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1537-43. [PMID: 24029427 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012111122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex and genetic variation influence the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study in a cohort of 3652 patients from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with type 1 diabetes to determine whether sex-specific genetic risk factors for ESRD exist. A common variant, rs4972593 on chromosome 2q31.1, was associated with ESRD in women (P<5×10(-8)) but not in men (P=0.77). This association was replicated in the meta-analysis of three independent type 1 diabetes cohorts (P=0.02) and remained significant for women (P<5×10(-8); odds ratio, 1.81 [95% confidence interval, 1.47 to 2.24]) upon combined meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts. rs4972593 is located between the genes that code for the Sp3 transcription factor, which interacts directly with estrogen receptor α and regulates the expression of genes linked to glomerular function and the pathogenesis of nephropathy, and the CDCA7 transcription factor, which regulates cell proliferation. Further examination revealed potential transcription factor-binding sites within rs4972593 and predicted eight estrogen-responsive elements within 5 kb of this locus. Moreover, we found sex-specific differences in the glomerular expression levels of SP3 (P=0.004). Overall, these results suggest that rs4972593 is a sex-specific genetic variant associated with ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes and may underlie the sex-specific protection against ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Mao J, Wang D, Mataleena P, He B, Niu D, Katayama K, Xu X, Ojala JRM, Wang W, Shu Q, Du L, Liu A, Pikkarainen T, Patrakka J, Tryggvason K. Myo1e impairment results in actin reorganization, podocyte dysfunction, and proteinuria in zebrafish and cultured podocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72750. [PMID: 23977349 PMCID: PMC3747079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Podocytes serve as an important constituent of the glomerular filtration barrier. Recently, we and others identified Myo1e as a key molecular component of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Results Myo1e mRNA and protein was expressed in human and mouse kidney sections as determined by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase PCR, and its expression was more evident in podocytes by immunofluorescence. By specific knock-down of MYO1E in zebrafish, the injected larvae exhibited pericardial edema and pronephric cysts, consistent with the appearance of protein in condensed incubation supernate. Furthermore, specific inhibition of Myo1e expression in a conditionally immortalized podocyte cell line induced morphological changes, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and dysfunction in cell proliferation, migration, endocytosis, and adhesion with the glomerular basement membrane. Conclusions Our results revealed that Myo1e is a key component contributing to the functional integrity of podocytes. Its impairment may cause actin cytoskeleton re-organization, alteration of cell shape, and membrane transport, and podocyte drop-out from the glomerular basement membrane, which might eventually lead to an impaired glomerular filtration barrier and proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (JM); (KT)
| | - Dayan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Parikka Mataleena
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing He
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dadi Niu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kan Katayama
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiangjun Xu
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha RM Ojala
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Timo Pikkarainen
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (JM); (KT)
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Ojala JRM, Pikkarainen T, Elmberger G, Tryggvason K. Progressive reactive lymphoid connective tissue disease and development of autoantibodies in scavenger receptor A5-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 2013; 182:1681-95. [PMID: 23499552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A5 (SCARA5) is a member of the class A scavenger receptors, with most similarity to SCARA1 (SR-A) and SCARA2 (MARCO), which are primarily expressed by macrophages and dendritic cells, in which they participate in clearance of various polyanionic macromolecules, pollution particles, and pathogens. The biological role of SCARA5 has been unknown. Herein, we show that SCARA5 is an endocytotic receptor whose ligand repertoire includes the typical scavenger receptor ligands, whole bacteria, and purified Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide. In contrast to expression of SCARA1 and SCARA2 in immune cells, SCARA5 is found in a subset of fibroblast-like cells in the interstitial stroma of most organs, with additional expression in the epithelial cells of testis and choroid plexus. SCARA5-null mice develop with age lymphoid cell accumulation in many organs, in particular the lungs, and show decreased endocytotic function in fibroblasts. Furthermore, about one-third of the mice develop antinuclear antibodies. These disturbances are reminiscent of those found in many human autoimmune connective tissue disorders, which suggests that defects in fibroblast SCARA5 can underlie some forms of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Risto Matias Ojala
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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He B, Österholm AM, Ojala JRM, Andersson AC, Tryggvason K. A remote cis-acting variant at 3q links glomerular NCK1 to diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56414. [PMID: 23441190 PMCID: PMC3575385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported genetic association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1866813, at 3q locus with increased risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The SNP is located approximately 70 kb downstream of a cluster of four genes. This raises a question how the remote noncoding polymorphism affects the risk of DN. In this study, we tested a long-range regulatory potential of this variant by a series of experiments. In a luciferase assay, two alleles of the SNP showed differential effects on the luciferase activity in transfected cells in vitro. Using transgenic zebrafish, we further demonstrated in vivo that two alleles of the SNP differentially regulated GFP expression in zebrafish podocytes. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting verified that only Nck1 of the four nearby genes was predominantly expressed in mouse glomeruli as well as in podocytes. Furthermore, genotypes of the SNP rs1866813 were correlated with NCK1 expression in immortalized lymphocytes from diabetic patients. The risk allele was associated with increased NCK1 expression compared to the non-risk allele, consistent with the results of the reporter-based studies. Interestingly, differential expression of glomerular Nck1 between mouse strains carrying the nephropathy-prone 129/Sv allele and nephropathy-resistant C57BL/6 allele was also observed. Our results show that the DN-associated SNP rs1866813 is a remote cis-acting variant differentially regulating glomerular NCK1 expression. This finding implicates an important role for glomerular NCK1 in DN pathogenesis under hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-May Österholm
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juha R. M. Ojala
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Andersson
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Rodriguez PQ, Lohkamp B, Celsi G, Mache CJ, Auer-Grumbach M, Wernerson A, Hamajima N, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Novel INF2 mutation p. L77P in a family with glomerulopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:339-43. [PMID: 22961558 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in inverted formin, FH2, and WH2 domain containing (INF2) are common causes of dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. INF2 encodes a member of the diaphanous-related formin family, which regulates actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (CMT) is a group of inherited disorders affecting peripheral neurons. Many reports have shown that glomerulopathy can associate with CMT. However, it has been unclear whether these two processes in the same individual represent one disorder or if they are two separate diseases. CASE DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT Recently, INF2 mutations were identified in 12 of 16 patients with CMT-associated glomerulopathy, suggesting that these mutations are a common cause of the dual phenotype. In this study, we report two cases of CMT-associated glomerulopathy that both showed INF2 mutations. A novel INF2 mutation, p. L77P, was identified in a family in which the dual phenotype was inherited in a dominant fashion. The pathogenic effect of p. L77P was proposed using a structural homology model. In addition, we identified a patient with a sporadic CMT-associated glomerulopathy carrying a known INF2 mutation: p. L128P. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the link between INF2 mutations and CMT-associated glomerulopathy and widens the spectrum of pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Q Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Liu B, Ghosh S, Yang X, Zheng H, Liu X, Wang Z, Jin G, Zheng B, Kennedy BK, Suh Y, Kaeberlein M, Tryggvason K, Zhou Z. Resveratrol rescues SIRT1-dependent adult stem cell decline and alleviates progeroid features in laminopathy-based progeria. Cell Metab 2012; 16:738-50. [PMID: 23217256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal splicing of LMNA gene or aberrant processing of prelamin A results in progeroid syndrome. Here we show that lamin A interacts with and activates SIRT1. SIRT1 exhibits reduced association with nuclear matrix (NM) and decreased deacetylase activity in the presence of progerin or prelamin A, leading to rapid depletion of adult stem cells (ASCs) in Zmpste24(-/-) mice. Resveratrol enhances the binding between SIRT1 and A-type lamins to increases its deacetylase activity. Resveratrol treatment rescues ASC decline, slows down body weight loss, improves trabecular bone structure and mineral density, and significantly extends the life span in Zmpste24(-/-) mice. Our data demonstrate lamin A as an activator of SIRT1 and provide a mechanistic explanation for the activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol. The link between conserved SIRT1 longevity pathway and progeria suggests a stem cell-based and SIRT1 pathway-dependent therapeutic strategy for progeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Domogatskaya
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; , ,
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Ojala JRM, Pikkarainen T, Domogatskaya A, Tryggvason K, Rodin S. A novel scavenger receptor 5-based antibiotic-independent selection method for generation of stable recombinant protein-producing mammalian cell lines especially suitable for proteins affecting cell adhesion. Biotechniques 2012; 53:221-30. [DOI: 10.2144/0000113936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of stable recombinant protein-producing mammalian cell lines is an expensive, time-consuming, tedious procedure. In some cases, expressed recombinant proteins have adverse effects on host cell function, including cell adhesion. Based on the adhesive properties of SCARA5, a scavenger receptor (SR) of the class A SR family, we developed a method for selection of stable recombinant protein-producing cell clones that relies on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) vector where the protein of interest is expressed in the same messenger RNA as SCARA5, resulting in improved adhesion and increased cell viability of recombinant protein-producing cells in serum-free media. This method does not depend on antibiotics, complicated selective cell culture media or equipment, and thus offers the advantages of being inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Risto Matias Ojala
- Divisions of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timo Pikkarainen
- Divisions of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Domogatskaya
- Divisions of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Divisions of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Divisions of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Sistani L, Rodriguez PQ, Hultenby K, Uhlen M, Betsholtz C, Jalanko H, Tryggvason K, Wernerson A, Patrakka J. Neuronal proteins are novel components of podocyte major processes and their expression in glomerular crescents supports their role in crescent formation. Kidney Int 2012; 83:63-71. [PMID: 22913984 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The podocyte has a central role in the glomerular filtration barrier typified by a sophisticated morphology of highly organized primary (major) and secondary (foot) processes. The molecular makeup of foot processes is well characterized, but that of major processes is poorly known. Previously, we profiled the glomerular transcriptome through large-scale sequencing and microarray profiling. Unexpectedly, the survey found expression of three neuronal proteins (Huntingtin interacting protein 1 (Hip1), neurofascin (Nfasc), and olfactomedin-like 2a (Olfml2a)), all enriched in the glomerulus. These proteins were expressed exclusively by podocytes, wherein they localized to major processes as verified by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. During podocyte development, these proteins colocalized with vimentin, confirming their association with major processes. Using immunohistochemistry, we found coexpression of Hip1 and Olfml2a along with the recognized podocyte markers synaptopodin and Pdlim2 in glomerular crescents of human kidneys, indicating the presence of podocytes in these lesions. Thus, three neuronal proteins are highly expressed in podocyte major process. Using these new markers we found that podocytes contribute to the formation of glomerular crescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Sistani
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Williams WW, Salem RM, McKnight AJ, Sandholm N, Forsblom C, Taylor A, Guiducci C, McAteer JB, McKay GJ, Isakova T, Brennan EP, Sadlier DM, Palmer C, Söderlund J, Fagerholm E, Harjutsalo V, Lithovius R, Gordin D, Hietala K, Kytö J, Parkkonen M, Rosengård-Bärlund M, Thorn L, Syreeni A, Tolonen N, Saraheimo M, Wadén J, Pitkäniemi J, Sarti C, Tuomilehto J, Tryggvason K, Österholm AM, He B, Bain S, Martin F, Godson C, Hirschhorn JN, Maxwell AP, Groop PH, Florez JC. Association testing of previously reported variants in a large case-control meta-analysis of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2012; 61:2187-94. [PMID: 22721967 PMCID: PMC3402313 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We formed the GEnetics of Nephropathy-an International Effort (GENIE) consortium to examine previously reported genetic associations with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes. GENIE consists of 6,366 similarly ascertained participants of European ancestry with type 1 diabetes, with and without DN, from the All Ireland-Warren 3-Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes U.K. and Republic of Ireland (U.K.-R.O.I.) collection and the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), combined with reanalyzed data from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes U.S. Study (U.S. GoKinD). We found little evidence for the association of the EPO promoter polymorphism, rs161740, with the combined phenotype of proliferative retinopathy and end-stage renal disease in U.K.-R.O.I. (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, P = 0.19) or FinnDiane (OR 1.06, P = 0.60). However, a fixed-effects meta-analysis that included the previously reported cohorts retained a genome-wide significant association with that phenotype (OR 1.31, P = 2 × 10(-9)). An expanded investigation of the ELMO1 locus and genetic regions reported to be associated with DN in the U.S. GoKinD yielded only nominal statistical significance for these loci. Finally, top candidates identified in a recent meta-analysis failed to reach genome-wide significance. In conclusion, we were unable to replicate most of the previously reported genetic associations for DN, and significance for the EPO promoter association was attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfred W. Williams
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rany M. Salem
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Candace Guiducci
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jarred B. McAteer
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gareth J. McKay
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Tamara Isakova
- Division of Nephrology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Eoin P. Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denise M. Sadlier
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Mater University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cameron Palmer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenny Söderlund
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Fagerholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Welfare and Health Promotion Division, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Lithovius
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kustaa Hietala
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Kytö
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Parkkonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Rosengård-Bärlund
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lena Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Syreeni
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Tolonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Saraheimo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johan Wadén
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Pitkäniemi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cinzia Sarti
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Welfare and Health Promotion Division, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-May Österholm
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing He
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Bain
- Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, U.K
| | - Finian Martin
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander P. Maxwell
- Nephrology Research, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, U.K
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Jose C. Florez,
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50
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Perisic L, Lal M, Hulkko J, Hultenby K, Önfelt B, Sun Y, Dunér F, Patrakka J, Betsholtz C, Uhlen M, Brismar H, Tryggvason K, Wernerson A, Pikkarainen T. Plekhh2, a novel podocyte protein downregulated in human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, is involved in matrix adhesion and actin dynamics. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1071-83. [PMID: 22832517 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology domain-containing, family H (with MyTH4 domain), member 2 (Plekhh2) is a 1491-residue intracellular protein highly enriched in renal glomerular podocytes for which no function has been ascribed. Analysis of renal biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis revealed a significant reduction in total podocyte Plekhh2 expression compared to controls. Sequence analysis indicated a putative α-helical coiled-coil segment as the only recognizable domain within the N-terminal half of the polypeptide, while the C-terminal half contains two PH, a MyTH4, and a FERM domain. We identified a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate consensus-binding site in the PH1 domain required for Plekhh2 localization to peripheral regions of cell lamellipodia. The N-terminal half of Plekkh2 is not necessary for lamellipodial targeting but mediates self-association. Yeast two-hybrid screening showed that Plekhh2 directly interacts through its FERM domain with the focal adhesion protein Hic-5 and actin. Plekhh2 and Hic-5 coprecipitated and colocalized at the soles of podocyte foot processes in situ and Hic-5 partially relocated from focal adhesions to lamellipodia in Plekhh2-expressing podocytes. In addition, Plekhh2 stabilizes the cortical actin cytoskeleton by attenuating actin depolymerization. Our findings suggest a structural and functional role for Plekhh2 in the podocyte foot processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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