1
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Wieder N, D'Souza EN, Martin-Geary AC, Lassen FH, Talbot-Martin J, Fernandes M, Chothani SP, Rackham OJL, Schafer S, Aspden JL, MacArthur DG, Davies RW, Whiffin N. Differences in 5'untranslated regions highlight the importance of translational regulation of dosage sensitive genes. Genome Biol 2024; 25:111. [PMID: 38685090 PMCID: PMC11057154 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untranslated regions (UTRs) are important mediators of post-transcriptional regulation. The length of UTRs and the composition of regulatory elements within them are known to vary substantially across genes, but little is known about the reasons for this variation in humans. Here, we set out to determine whether this variation, specifically in 5'UTRs, correlates with gene dosage sensitivity. RESULTS We investigate 5'UTR length, the number of alternative transcription start sites, the potential for alternative splicing, the number and type of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and the propensity of 5'UTRs to form secondary structures. We explore how these elements vary by gene tolerance to loss-of-function (LoF; using the LOEUF metric), and in genes where changes in dosage are known to cause disease. We show that LOEUF correlates with 5'UTR length and complexity. Genes that are most intolerant to LoF have longer 5'UTRs, greater TSS diversity, and more upstream regulatory elements than their LoF tolerant counterparts. We show that these differences are evident in disease gene-sets, but not in recessive developmental disorder genes where LoF of a single allele is tolerated. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the importance of post-transcriptional regulation through 5'UTRs in tight regulation of mRNA and protein levels, particularly for genes where changes in dosage are deleterious and lead to disease. Finally, to support gene-based investigation we release a web-based browser tool, VuTR, that supports exploration of the composition of individual 5'UTRs and the impact of genetic variation within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nechama Wieder
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elston N D'Souza
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra C Martin-Geary
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frederik H Lassen
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Maria Fernandes
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Julie L Aspden
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- LeedsOmics, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Astbury Centre of Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert W Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Haroon J, Aboody K, Flores L, McDonald M, Mahdavi K, Zielinski M, Jordan K, Rindner E, Surya J, Venkatraman V, Go-Stevens V, Ngai G, Lara J, Hyde C, Schafer S, Schafer M, Bystritsky A, Nardi I, Kuhn T, Ross D, Jordan S. Use of transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound for targeted delivery of stem cell-derived exosomes to the brain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17707. [PMID: 37853206 PMCID: PMC10584845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a significant challenge for targeted drug delivery. A proposed method to improve drug delivery across the BBB is focused ultrasound (fUS), which delivers ultrasound waves to a targeted location in the brain and is hypothesized to open the BBB. Furthermore, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a possible anti-inflammatory molecule that may have neural benefits, if able to pass the BBB. In the present study, transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU), without the use of intravenous microbubbles, was assessed for both (1) its ability to influence the BBB, as well as (2) its ability to increase the localization of intravenously administered small molecules to a specific region in the brain. In vivo rat studies were conducted with a rodent-customized 2 MHz LIFU probe (peak pressure = 1.5 MPa), and injection of labeled stem cell-derived exosomes. The results suggested that LIFU (without microbubbles) did not appear to open the BBB after exposure times of 20, 40, or 60 min; instead, there appeared to be an increase in transcytosis of the dextran tracer. Furthermore, the imaging results of the exosome study showed an increase in exosome localization in the right hippocampus following 60 min of targeted LIFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haroon
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - K Aboody
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - L Flores
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - M McDonald
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - K Mahdavi
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - K Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - E Rindner
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - J Surya
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - V Go-Stevens
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - G Ngai
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Lara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Hyde
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Schafer
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - A Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - I Nardi
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - T Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - D Ross
- Kimera Labs Inc., Miramar, USA
| | - S Jordan
- The Regenesis Project, Santa Monica, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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3
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Cui L, Yang B, Xiao S, Gao J, Baud A, Graham D, McBride M, Dominiczak A, Schafer S, Aumatell RL, Mont C, Teruel AF, Hübner N, Flint J, Mott R, Huang L. Dominance is common in mammals and is associated with trans-acting gene expression and alternative splicing. Genome Biol 2023; 24:215. [PMID: 37773188 PMCID: PMC10540365 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dominance and other non-additive genetic effects arise from the interaction between alleles, and historically these phenomena play a major role in quantitative genetics. However, most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) assume alleles act additively. RESULTS We systematically investigate both dominance-here representing any non-additive within-locus interaction-and additivity across 574 physiological and gene expression traits in three mammalian stocks: F2 intercross pigs, rat heterogeneous stock, and mice heterogeneous stock. Dominance accounts for about one quarter of heritable variance across all physiological traits in all species. Hematological and immunological traits exhibit the highest dominance variance, possibly reflecting balancing selection in response to pathogens. Although most quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are detectable as additive QTLs, we identify 154, 64, and 62 novel dominance QTLs in pigs, rats, and mice respectively that are undetectable as additive QTLs. Similarly, even though most cis-acting expression QTLs are additive, gene expression exhibits a large fraction of dominance variance, and trans-acting eQTLs are enriched for dominance. Genes causal for dominance physiological QTLs are less likely to be physically linked to their QTLs but instead act via trans-acting dominance eQTLs. In addition, thousands of eQTLs are associated with alternatively spliced isoforms with complex additive and dominant architectures in heterogeneous stock rats, suggesting a possible mechanism for dominance. CONCLUSIONS Although heritability is predominantly additive, many mammalian genetic effects are dominant and likely arise through distinct mechanisms. It is therefore advantageous to consider both additive and dominance effects in GWAS to improve power and uncover causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cui
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Jiangxi, China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Xiao
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China
| | - Amelie Baud
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delyth Graham
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Martin McBride
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Anna Dominiczak
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Regina Lopez Aumatell
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Mont
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Fernandez Teruel
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard Mott
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Lusheng Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Supanich M, Siewerdsen J, Fahrig R, Farahani K, Gang GJ, Helm P, Jans J, Jones K, Koenig T, Kuhls-Gilcrist A, Lin M, Riddell C, Ritschl L, Schafer S, Schueler B, Silver M, Timmer J, Trousset Y, Zhang J. AAPM Task Group Report 238: 3D C-arms with volumetric imaging capability. Med Phys 2023; 50:e904-e945. [PMID: 36710257 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This report reviews the image acquisition and reconstruction characteristics of C-arm Cone Beam Computed Tomography (C-arm CBCT) systems and provides guidance on quality control of C-arm systems with this volumetric imaging capability. The concepts of 3D image reconstruction, geometric calibration, image quality, and dosimetry covered in this report are also pertinent to CBCT for Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT). However, IGRT systems introduce a number of additional considerations, such as geometric alignment of the imaging at treatment isocenter, which are beyond the scope of the charge to the task group and the report. Section 1 provides an introduction to C-arm CBCT systems and reviews a variety of clinical applications. Section 2 briefly presents nomenclature specific or unique to these systems. A short review of C-arm fluoroscopy quality control (QC) in relation to 3D C-arm imaging is given in Section 3. Section 4 discusses system calibration, including geometric calibration and uniformity calibration. A review of the unique approaches and challenges to 3D reconstruction of data sets acquired by C-arm CBCT systems is give in Section 5. Sections 6 and 7 go in greater depth to address the performance assessment of C-arm CBCT units. First, Section 6 describes testing approaches and phantoms that may be used to evaluate image quality (spatial resolution and image noise and artifacts) and identifies several factors that affect image quality. Section 7 describes both free-in-air and in-phantom approaches to evaluating radiation dose indices. The methodologies described for assessing image quality and radiation dose may be used for annual constancy assessment and comparisons among different systems to help medical physicists determine when a system is not operating as expected. Baseline measurements taken either at installation or after a full preventative maintenance service call can also provide valuable data to help determine whether the performance of the system is acceptable. Collecting image quality and radiation dose data on existing phantoms used for CT image quality and radiation dose assessment, or on newly developed phantoms, will inform the development of performance criteria and standards. Phantom images are also useful for identifying and evaluating artifacts. In particular, comparing baseline data with those from current phantom images can reveal the need for system calibration before image artifacts are detected in clinical practice. Examples of artifacts are provided in Sections 4, 5, and 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Supanich
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Pat Helm
- Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kyle Jones
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - MingDe Lin
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mike Silver
- Canon Medical Systems USA, Long Beach, California, USA
| | | | | | - Jie Zhang
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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5
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Quaife NM, Chothani S, Schulz JF, Lindberg EL, Vanezis K, Adami E, O'Fee K, Greiner J, Litviňuková M, van Heesch S, Whiffin N, Hubner N, Schafer S, Rackham O, Cook SA, Barton PJR. LINC01013 Is a Determinant of Fibroblast Activation and Encodes a Novel Fibroblast-Activating Micropeptide. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:77-85. [PMID: 35759180 PMCID: PMC9944705 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis confers an almost threefold mortality risk in heart disease. There are no prognostic therapies and novel therapeutic targets are needed. Many thousands of unannotated small open reading frames (smORFs) have been identified across the genome with potential to produce micropeptides (< 100 amino acids). We sought to investigate the role of smORFs in myocardial fibroblast activation.Analysis of human cardiac atrial fibroblasts (HCFs) stimulated with profibrotic TGFβ1 using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) identified long intergenic non-coding RNA LINC01013 as TGFβ1 responsive and containing an actively translated smORF. Knockdown of LINC01013 using siRNA reduced expression of profibrotic markers at baseline and blunted their response to TGFβ1. In contrast, overexpression of a codon-optimised smORF invoked a profibrotic response comparable to that seen with TGFβ1 treatment, whilst FLAG-tagged peptide associated with the mitochondria.Together, these data support a novel LINC01013 smORF micropeptide-mediated mechanism of fibroblast activation. TGFβ1 stimulation of atrial fibroblasts induces expression of LINC01013, whose knockdown reduces fibroblast activation. Overexpression of a smORF contained within LINC01013 localises to mitochondria and activates fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Quaife
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - S Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - J F Schulz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E L Lindberg
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - K Vanezis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - E Adami
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - K O'Fee
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - J Greiner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Litviňuková
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - S van Heesch
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Whiffin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N Hubner
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - O Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - S A Cook
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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6
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Effenberger M, Widjaja AA, Grabherr F, Schaefer B, Grander C, Mayr L, Schwaerzler J, Enrich B, Moser P, Fink J, Pedrini A, Jaschke N, Kirchmair A, Pfister A, Hausmann B, Bale R, Putzer D, Zoller H, Schafer S, Pjevac P, Trajanoski Z, Oberhuber G, Adolph T, Cook S, Tilg H. Interleukin-11 drives human and mouse alcohol-related liver disease. Gut 2023; 72:168-179. [PMID: 35365572 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) reflects acute exacerbation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and is a growing healthcare burden worldwide. Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic, proinflammatory cytokine with increasingly recognised toxicities in parenchymal and epithelial cells. We explored IL-11 serum levels and their prognostic value in patients suffering from AH and cirrhosis of various aetiology and experimental ALD. DESIGN IL-11 serum concentration and tissue expression was determined in a cohort comprising 50 patients with AH, 110 patients with cirrhosis and 19 healthy volunteers. Findings were replicated in an independent patient cohort (n=186). Primary human hepatocytes exposed to ethanol were studied in vitro. Ethanol-fed wildtype mice were treated with a neutralising murine IL-11 receptor-antibody (anti-IL11RA) and examined for severity signs and markers of ALD. RESULTS IL-11 serum concentration and hepatic expression increased with severity of liver disease, mostly pronounced in AH. In a multivariate Cox-regression, a serum level above 6.4 pg/mL was a model of end-stage liver disease independent risk factor for transplant-free survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. In mice, severity of alcohol-induced liver inflammation correlated with enhanced hepatic IL-11 and IL11RA expression. In vitro and in vivo, anti-IL11RA reduced pathogenic signalling pathways (extracellular signal-regulated kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, NADPH oxidase 4) and protected hepatocytes and murine livers from ethanol-induced inflammation and injury. CONCLUSION Pathogenic IL-11 signalling in hepatocytes plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ALD and could serve as an independent prognostic factor for transplant-free survival. Blocking IL-11 signalling might be a therapeutic option in human ALD, particularly AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Schwaerzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Patrizia Moser
- INNPATH, Innsbruck Medical University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Fink
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alisa Pedrini
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kirchmair
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexandra Pfister
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reto Bale
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Oncology-Microinvasive Therapy (SIP), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniel Putzer
- Department of Radiology, Section of Interventional Oncology-Microinvasive Therapy (SIP), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Petra Pjevac
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Oberhuber
- INNPATH, Innsbruck Medical University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Timon Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stuart Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Chothani S, Ho L, Schafer S, Rackham O. Discovering microproteins: making the most of ribosome profiling data. RNA Biol 2023; 20:943-954. [PMID: 38013207 PMCID: PMC10730196 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2279845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Building a reference set of protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs) has revolutionized biological process discovery and understanding. Traditionally, gene models have been confirmed using cDNA sequencing and encoded translated regions inferred using sequence-based detection of start and stop combinations longer than 100 amino-acids to prevent false positives. This has led to small ORFs (smORFs) and their encoded proteins left un-annotated. Ribo-seq allows deciphering translated regions from untranslated irrespective of the length. In this review, we describe the power of Ribo-seq data in detection of smORFs while discussing the major challenge posed by data-quality, -depth and -sparseness in identifying the start and end of smORF translation. In particular, we outline smORF cataloguing efforts in humans and the large differences that have arisen due to variation in data, methods and assumptions. Although current versions of smORF reference sets can already be used as a powerful tool for hypothesis generation, we recommend that future editions should consider these data limitations and adopt unified processing for the community to establish a canonical catalogue of translated smORFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Owen Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, London, UK
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8
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Quaife NM, Chothani S, Schulz JF, Lindberg EL, Vanezis K, Adami E, O’Fee K, Greiner J, Litviňuková M, van Heesch S, Whiffin N, Hubner N, Schafer S, Rackham O, Cook SA, Barton PJR. Correction to: LINC01013 Is a Determinant of Fibroblast Activation and Encodes a Novel Fibroblast-Activating Micropeptide. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 35834119 PMCID: PMC9944001 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. M. Quaife
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - S. Chothani
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - J. F. Schulz
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. L. Lindberg
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Vanezis
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - E. Adami
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857 Singapore ,grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - K. O’Fee
- grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - J. Greiner
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Litviňuková
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - S. van Heesch
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Whiffin
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - N. Hubner
- grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.484013.a0000 0004 6879 971XBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Schafer
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - O. Rackham
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| | - S. A. Cook
- grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857 Singapore ,grid.419385.20000 0004 0620 9905National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - P. J. R. Barton
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.14105.310000000122478951MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK ,grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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9
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Widjaja AA, Viswanathan S, Shekeran SG, Adami E, Lim WW, Chothani S, Tan J, Goh JWT, Chen HM, Lim SY, Boustany-Kari CM, Hawkins J, Petretto E, Hübner N, Schafer S, Coffman TM, Cook SA. Targeting endogenous kidney regeneration using anti-IL11 therapy in acute and chronic models of kidney disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7497. [PMID: 36470928 PMCID: PMC9723120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney has large regenerative capacity, but this is compromised when kidney damage is excessive and renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) undergo SNAI1-driven growth arrest. Here we investigate the role of IL11 in TECs, kidney injury and renal repair. IL11 stimulation of TECs induces ERK- and p90RSK-mediated GSK3β inactivation, SNAI1 upregulation and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Mice with acute kidney injury upregulate IL11 in TECs leading to SNAI1 expression and kidney dysfunction, which is not seen in Il11 deleted mice or in mice administered a neutralizing IL11 antibody in either preemptive or treatment modes. In acute kidney injury, anti-TGFβ reduces renal fibrosis but exacerbates inflammation and tubule damage whereas anti-IL11 reduces all pathologies. Mice with TEC-specific deletion of Il11ra1 have reduced pathogenic signaling and are protected from renal injury-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and failure. In a model of chronic kidney disease, anti-IL11 therapy promotes TEC proliferation and parenchymal regeneration, reverses fibroinflammation and restores renal mass and function. These data highlight IL11-induced mesenchymal transition of injured TECs as an important renal pathology and suggest IL11 as a therapeutic target for restoring stalled endogenous regeneration in the diseased kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Wei Ting Goh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Mei Chen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Julie Hawkins
- Boehringer Ingelheim, CardioMetabolic Disease Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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10
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Chothani SP, Adami E, Widjaja AA, Langley SR, Viswanathan S, Pua CJ, Zhihao NT, Harmston N, D'Agostino G, Whiffin N, Mao W, Ouyang JF, Lim WW, Lim S, Lee CQE, Grubman A, Chen J, Kovalik JP, Tryggvason K, Polo JM, Ho L, Cook SA, Rackham OJL, Schafer S. A high-resolution map of human RNA translation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2885-2899.e8. [PMID: 35841888 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Translated small open reading frames (smORFs) can have important regulatory roles and encode microproteins, yet their genome-wide identification has been challenging. We determined the ribosome locations across six primary human cell types and five tissues and detected 7,767 smORFs with translational profiles matching those of known proteins. The human genome was found to contain highly cell-type- and tissue-specific smORFs and a subset that encodes highly conserved amino acid sequences. Changes in the translational efficiency of upstream-encoded smORFs (uORFs) and the corresponding main ORFs predominantly occur in the same direction. Integration with 456 mass-spectrometry datasets confirms the presence of 603 small peptides at the protein level in humans and provides insights into the subcellular localization of these small proteins. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of high-confidence translated smORFs derived from primary human cells and tissues in order to provide a more complete understanding of the translated human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia P Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Nevin Tham Zhihao
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Nicola Whiffin
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Wang Mao
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Lim
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Shiqi Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Q E Lee
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - J P Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Lena Ho
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore (NHRIS), National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.
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11
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Dong J, Lim WW, Shekeran SG, Tan J, Lim SY, Goh JWT, George BL, Schafer S, Cook SA, Widjaja AA. Hepatocyte Specific gp130 Signalling Underlies APAP Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137089. [PMID: 35806094 PMCID: PMC9266364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced liver damage is associated with upregulation of Interleukin-11 (IL11), which is thought to stimulate IL6ST (gp130)-mediated STAT3 activity in hepatocytes, as a compensatory response. However, recent studies have found IL11/IL11RA/gp130 signaling to be hepatotoxic. To investigate further the role of IL11 and gp130 in APAP liver injury, we generated two new mouse strains with conditional knockout (CKO) of either Il11 (CKOIl11) or gp130 (CKOgp130) in adult hepatocytes. Following APAP, as compared to controls, CKOgp130 mice had lesser liver damage with lower serum Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), greatly reduced serum IL11 levels (90% lower), and lesser centrilobular necrosis. Livers from APAP-injured CKOgp130 mice had lesser ERK, JNK, NOX4 activation and increased markers of regeneration (PCNA, Cyclin D1, Ki67). Experiments were repeated in CKOIl11 mice that, as compared to wild-type mice, had lower APAP-induced ALT/AST, reduced centrilobular necrosis and undetectable IL11 in serum. As seen with CKOgp130 mice, APAP-treated CKOIl11 mice had lesser ERK/JNK/NOX4 activation and greater features of regeneration. Both CKOgp130 and CKOIl11 mice had normal APAP metabolism. After APAP, CKOgp130 and CKOIl11 mice had reduced Il6, Ccl2, Ccl5, Il1β, and Tnfα expression. These studies exclude IL11 upregulation as compensatory and establish autocrine, self-amplifying, gp130-dependent IL11 secretion from damaged hepatocytes as toxic and anti-regenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Shamini G. Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Joyce Wei Ting Goh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Benjamin L. George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.); (A.A.W.)
| | - Anissa A. Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.D.); (W.-W.L.); (S.G.S.); (S.Y.L.); (J.W.T.G.); (B.L.G.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.C.); (A.A.W.)
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Ng B, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Lim WW, Shekeran SG, Goh JWT, Tan J, Kuthubudeen F, Lim SY, Xie C, Schafer S, Adami E, Cook SA. IL11 Activates Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Causes Pancreatic Inflammation, Fibrosis and Atrophy in a Mouse Model of Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073549. [PMID: 35408908 PMCID: PMC8999048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL11) is important for fibrosis and inflammation, but its role in the pancreas is unclear. In pancreatitis, fibrosis, inflammation and organ dysfunction are associated with pancreatic stellate cell (PSC)-to-myofibroblast transformation. Here, we show that IL11 stimulation of PSCs, which specifically express IL11RA in the pancreas, results in transient STAT3 phosphorylation, sustained ERK activation and PSC activation. In contrast, IL6 stimulation of PSCs caused sustained STAT3 phosphorylation but did not result in ERK activation or PSC transformation. Pancreatitis factors, including TGFβ, CTGF and PDGF, induced IL11 secretion from PSCs and a neutralising IL11RA antibody prevented PSC activation by these stimuli. This revealed an important ERK-dependent role for autocrine IL11 activity in PSCs. In mice, IL11 was increased in the pancreas after pancreatic duct ligation, and in humans, IL11 and IL11RA levels were elevated in chronic pancreatitis. Following pancreatic duct ligation, administration of anti-IL11RA to mice reduced pathologic (ERK, STAT, NF-κB) signalling, pancreatic atrophy, fibrosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNFα, IL6 and IL1β) levels. This is the first description of IL11-mediated activation of PSCs, and the data suggest IL11 as a stromal therapeutic target in pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Anissa A. Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Shamini G. Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Joyce Wei Ting Goh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Fathima Kuthubudeen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (E.A.)
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore; (W.-W.L.); (J.T.); (C.X.); (S.A.C.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.V.); (A.A.W.); (S.G.S.); (J.W.T.G.); (F.K.); (S.Y.L.); (S.S.)
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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13
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Ortega-Gutierrez S, Quispe-Orozco D, Schafer S, Farooqui M, Zevallos CB, Dandapat S, Mendez-Ruiz A, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Petersen N, Derdeyn CP. Angiography suite cone-beam CT perfusion for selection of thrombectomy patients: A pilot study. J Neuroimaging 2022; 32:493-501. [PMID: 35315169 PMCID: PMC9314685 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The availability of cone-beam CT perfusion (CBCTP) in angiography suites may improve large-vessel occlusion (LVO) triage and reduce reperfusion times for patients presenting during extended time window. We aim to evaluate the perfusion maps correlation and agreement between multidetector CT perfusion (MDCTP) and CBCTP when obtained sequentially in patients undergoing endovascular therapy. METHODS This is a prospective, pilot, single-arm interventional cohort study of consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO. All patients underwent MDCTP and CBCTP prior to endovascular therapy, generating cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), and time-to-maximum/time to peak contrast concentration maps. We compared the two imaging modalities using three different methods: (1) six regions of interest (ROIs) placed in the anterior circulation territory; (2) ROIs placed in all 10 Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions; and (3) ROI drawn around the entire ischemic area. ROI ratios (unaffected/affected area) were compared for all sequences in each method. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient to calculate the correlation between the studies. Bland-Altman plots were also created to measure the degree of agreement. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was done comparing both modalities in patients with low infarct growth rate. RESULTS Fourteen patients were included (median age 81 years [74-87], 50% males, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 19 [14-22]). Median time between studies was 42 minutes (interquartile range 29-61). Independently of the method used, we found moderate to excellent correlation in CBF, CBV, and MTT between modalities. CBF correlation further improved in patients with low infarct growth. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate promising accuracy of CBCTP in evaluating ischemic tissue in patients presenting with LVO ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Darko Quispe-Orozco
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Cynthia B Zevallos
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Alan Mendez-Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nils Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Colin P Derdeyn
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Comprehensive Stroke Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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14
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Lim WW, Dong J, Ng B, Widjaja AA, Xie C, Su L, Kwek XY, Tee NGZ, Jian Pua C, Schafer S, Viswanathan S, Cook SA. Inhibition of IL11 Signaling Reduces Aortic Pathology in Murine Marfan Syndrome. Circ Res 2022; 130:728-740. [PMID: 35135328 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan syndrome (MFS) is associated with TGF (transforming growth factor) β-stimulated ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which adopt a mixed synthetic/contractile phenotype. In VSMCs, TGFβ induces IL (interleukin) 11) that stimulates ERK-dependent secretion of collagens and MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). Here, we examined the role of IL11 in the MFS aorta. METHODS We used echocardiography, histology, immunostaining, and biochemical methods to study aortic anatomy, physiology, and molecular endophenotypes in Fbn1C1041G/+ mice, an established murine model of MFS (mMFS). mMFS mice were crossed to an IL11-tagged EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein; Il11EGFP/+) reporter strain or to a strain deleted for the IL11 receptor (Il11ra1-/-). In therapeutic studies, mMFS were administered an X209 (neutralizing antibody against IL11RA [IL11 receptor subunit alpha]) or IgG for 20 weeks and imaged longitudinally. RESULTS IL11 mRNA and protein were elevated in the aortas of mMFS mice, as compared to controls. mMFS mice crossed to Il11EGFP/+ mice had increased IL11 expression in VSMCs, notably in the aortic root and ascending aorta. As compared to the mMFS parental strain, double mutant mMFS:Il11ra1-/- mice had reduced aortic dilatation and exhibited lesser fibrosis, inflammation, elastin breaks, and VSMC loss, which was associated with reduced aortic COL1A1 (collagen type I alpha 1 chain), IL11, MMP2/9, and phospho-ERK expression. To explore therapeutic targeting of IL11 signaling in MFS, we administered either a neutralizing antibody against IL11RA (X209) or an IgG control. After 20 weeks of antibody administration, as compared to IgG, mMFS mice receiving X209 had reduced thoracic and abdominal aortic dilation as well as lesser fibrosis, inflammation, elastin breaks, and VSMC loss. By immunoblotting, X209 was shown to reduce aortic COL1A1, IL11, MMP2/9, and phospho-ERK expression. CONCLUSIONS In MFS, IL11 is upregulated in aortic VSMCs to cause ERK-related thoracic aortic dilatation, inflammation, and fibrosis. Therapeutic inhibition of IL11, imminent in clinical trials, might be considered as a new approach in MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.)
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.)
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.)
| | - Nicole G Z Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.)
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.)
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.)
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-W.L., B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., N.G.Z.T., C.J.P., S.S., S.A.C.).,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (W.-W.L., J.D., B.N., A.A.W., S.S., S.V., S.A.C.).,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, United Kingdom (S.A.C.)
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15
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Ji X, Feng M, Treb K, Zhang R, Schafer S, Li K. Development of an Integrated C-Arm Interventional Imaging System With a Strip Photon Counting Detector and a Flat Panel Detector. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2021; 40:3674-3685. [PMID: 34232872 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3095419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modern interventional x-ray systems are often equipped with flat-panel detector-based cone-beam CT (FPD-CBCT) to provide tomographic, volumetric, and high spatial resolution imaging of interventional devices, iodinated vessels, and other objects. The purpose of this work was to bring an interchangeable strip photon-counting detector (PCD) to C-arm systems to supplement (instead of retiring) the existing FPD-CBCT with a high quality, spectral, and affordable PCD-CT imaging option. With minimal modification to the existing C-arm, a 51×0.6 cm2 PCD with a 0.75 mm CdTe layer, two energy thresholds, and 0.1 mm pixels was integrated with a Siemens Artis Zee interventional imaging system. The PCD can be translated in and out of the field-of-view to allow the system to switch between FPD and PCD-CT imaging modes. A dedicated phantom and a new algorithm were developed to calibrate the projection geometry of the narrow-beam PCD-CT system and correct the gantry wobbling-induced geometric distortion artifacts. In addition, a detector response calibration procedure was performed for each PCD pixel using materials with known radiological pathlengths to address concentric artifacts in PCD-CT images. Both phantom and human cadaver experiments were performed at a high gantry rotation speed and clinically relevant radiation dose level to evaluate the spectral and non-spectral imaging performance of the prototype system. Results show that the PCD-CT system has excellent image quality with negligible artifacts after the proposed corrections. Compared with FPD-CBCT images acquired at the same dose level, PCD-CT images demonstrated a 53% reduction in noise variance and additional quantitative imaging capability.
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16
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Wagner MG, Periyasamy S, Schafer S, Laeseke PF, Speidel MA. Three-dimensional catheter navigation of airways using continuous-sweep limited angle fluoroscopy on a C-arm. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:055001. [PMID: 34671695 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.5.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To develop an imaging-based 3D catheter navigation system for transbronchial procedures including biopsy and tumor ablation using a single-plane C-arm x-ray system. The proposed system provides time-resolved catheter shape and position as well as motion compensated 3D airway roadmaps. Approach: A continuous-sweep limited angle (CLA) imaging mode where the C-arm continuously rotates back and forth within a limited angular range while acquiring x-ray images was used for device tracking. The catheter reconstruction was performed using a sliding window of the most recent x-ray images, which captures information on device shape and position versus time. The catheter was reconstructed using a model-based approach and was displayed together with the 3D airway roadmap extracted from a pre-navigational cone-beam CT (CBCT). The roadmap was updated in regular intervals using deformable registration to tomosynthesis reconstructions based on the CLA images. The approach was evaluated in a porcine study (three animals) and compared to a gold standard CBCT reconstruction of the device. Results: The average 3D root mean squared distance between CLA and CBCT reconstruction of the catheter centerline was 1 ± 0.5 mm for a stationary catheter and 2.9 ± 1.1 mm for a catheter moving at ∼ 1 cm / s . The average tip localization error was 1.3 ± 0.7 mm and 2.7 ± 1.8 mm , respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate catheter navigation based on the proposed single plane C-arm imaging technique is feasible with reconstruction errors similar to the diameter of a typical ablation catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Wagner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, United States
| | - Sarvesh Periyasamy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Radiology, Madison, United States
| | | | - Paul F Laeseke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Radiology, Madison, United States
| | - Michael A Speidel
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medical Physics, Madison, United States.,University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Madison, United States
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17
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Widjaja AA, Viswanathan S, Jinrui D, Singh BK, Tan J, Wei Ting JG, Lamb D, Shekeran SG, George BL, Schafer S, Carling D, Adami E, Cook SA. Molecular Dissection of Pro-Fibrotic IL11 Signaling in Cardiac and Pulmonary Fibroblasts. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:740650. [PMID: 34651016 PMCID: PMC8505966 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.740650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In fibroblasts, TGFβ1 stimulates IL11 upregulation that leads to an autocrine loop of IL11-dependent pro-fibrotic protein translation. The signaling pathways downstream of IL11, which acts via IL6ST, are contentious with both STAT3 and ERK implicated. Here we dissect IL11 signaling in fibroblasts and study IL11-dependent protein synthesis pathways in the context of approved anti-fibrotic drug mechanisms of action. We show that IL11-induced ERK activation drives fibrogenesis and while STAT3 phosphorylation (pSTAT3) is also seen, this appears unrelated to fibroblast activation. Ironically, recombinant human IL11, which has been used extensively in mouse experiments to infer STAT3 activity downstream of IL11, increases pSTAT3 in Il11ra1 null mouse fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, inhibition of STAT3 was found to induce severe proteotoxic ER stress, generalized fibroblast dysfunction and cell death. In contrast, inhibition of ERK prevented fibroblast activation in the absence of ER stress. IL11 stimulated an axis of ERK/mTOR/P70RSK protein translation and its selectivity for Collagen 1 synthesis was ascribed to an EPRS-regulated, ribosome stalling mechanism. Surprisingly, the anti-fibrotic drug nintedanib caused dose-dependent ER stress and lesser pSTAT3 expression. Pirfenidone had no effect on ER stress whereas anti-IL11 specifically inhibited the ERK/mTOR axis while reducing ER stress. These studies define the translation-specific signaling pathways downstream of IL11, intersect immune and metabolic signaling and reveal unappreciated effects of nintedanib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong Jinrui
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Goh Wei Ting
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Lamb
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Immunology and Respiratory, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin L George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Carling
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Lea WB, Tutton SM, Alsaikhan N, Neilson JC, Schafer S, King DM, Wang M. Pelvis weight-bearing ability after minimally invasive stabilizations for periacetabular lesion. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2124-2129. [PMID: 33300165 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Periacetabular metastatic lesions cause debilitating weight-bearing pain and pose a risk of pelvic pathologic fracture. Minimally invasive percutaneous stabilization is an alternative palliative therapy over extensive open reconstructive surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical behaviors of three distinct techniques of percutaneous periacetabular stabilization. A total of 20 composite hemipelves custom-made to contain Harrington type III periacetabular lesion based on a patient's computed tomograpy scans were assigned to treatment groups of cementoplasty alone using polymethyl methacrylate (Cement), screw fixation alone using ischial and posterior-to-anterior screws (Screws), cement-augmented screws (Screws&Cement), and a control group (Untreated). All hemipelves were loaded in a mechanical test configuration mimicking a single-legged stance, and failure load, failure deformation, and construct stiffness were determined. In the experiments, Screws&Cement demonstrated the highest yield strength (4711 ± 362 N) and was 12% higher than Cement (4005 ± 304 N, p = 0.019), 125% higher than Screws (2097 ± 359 N, p < 0.0001), and 184% higher than Untreated (1658 ± 254 N, p < 0.0001). No significant difference in yield strength was found between Screws and Untreated. Screws&Cement also demonstrated the highest stiffness (1013 ± 92 N/mm), followed by Cement (893 ± 49 N/mm), and both groups were significantly stiffer than Screws (543 ± 114 N/mm, p < 0.0001) and Untreated (580 ± 91 N/mm, p < 0.0001 for Screws&Cement, and p = 0.0003 for Cement). This study demonstrated that a cement-augmented periacetabular reconstruction is an effective option for percutaneous treatment of Harrington III periacetabular metastatic lesion. The addition of pelvic screws over cementoplasty significantly improved the pelvis load-bearing strength. When large periacetabular lesions are present, augmented screw fixation appears to be the superior choice of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Lea
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sean M Tutton
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Naif Alsaikhan
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John C Neilson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - David M King
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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19
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Viswanathan S, Ng B, Widjaja AA, Pua CJ, Tham N, Tan J, Cook SA, Schafer S. Critical Conditions for Studying Interleukin-11 Signaling In Vitro and Avoiding Experimental Artefacts. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e251. [PMID: 34570432 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 11 is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines which require the ubiquitous gp130 receptor to activate canonical (JAK/STAT) and non-canonical (e.g., ERK) signaling pathways. The IL11 cytokine is upregulated in a number of fibro-inflammatory diseases and cancer, where it binds the cognate IL11 receptor alpha subunit (IL11RA) to form a hexameric IL11:IL11RA:gp130 signaling complex. The specific IL11RA receptor is highly expressed on cells of the stromal and parenchymal niche but expressed at low levels on immune cells, highly passaged cells, or transformed cell lines. Consequently, primary cells such as hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes are ideal experimental systems to study IL11 signaling in vitro. In contrast to immortalized cell lines, primary cells better display relevant cellular physiology and pathobiology. This collection of protocols details experimental and culturing conditions for primary cells that preserve meaningful cellular states and physiological responses ex vivo in conventional 2D cell culture systems. Readouts of cellular activity are chosen carefully to capture the non-canonical, post-transcriptional activity of IL11 signaling. Our data suggest that cell type, cell culture conditions, passage number, concentrations of stimuli, timing, and other factors have major implications for studies of IL11 signaling. In vitro experiments with primary cell material need to be planned and executed with great caution. Otherwise, physiologically relevant mechanisms may become dysfunctional and reproducible experimental artefacts can obscure our view of true cytokine biology. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Expansion of primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTEpiCs) Basic Protocol 2: Expansion of primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) Alternate Protocol 1: Isolation and expansion of primary mouse lung fibroblasts Support Protocol 1: Freezing and thawing of primary cells Support Protocol 2: Operetta high-content imaging-based phenotyping Support Protocol 3: Colorimetric assay of solubilized collagen Support Protocol 4: Quantification of fibrosis marker secretion Support Protocol 5: Western blotting studies of IL11 signaling in HSCs, HLFs, and HRPTEpiCs Basic Protocol 3: IL11 stimulation of primary human hepatocytes Alternate Protocol 2: IL11 stimulation of primary mouse hepatocytes Support Protocol 6: Alanine transaminase (ALT) secretion by human and mouse hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Nevin Tham
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Dong J, Viswanathan S, Adami E, Schafer S, Kuthubudeen FF, Widjaja AA, Cook SA. The pro-regenerative effects of hyperIL6 in drug-induced liver injury are unexpectedly due to competitive inhibition of IL11 signaling. eLife 2021; 10:68843. [PMID: 34435951 PMCID: PMC8445623 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that IL6-mediated STAT3 signaling in hepatocytes, mediated via glycoprotein 130 (gp130; IL6ST), is beneficial and that the synthetic IL6:IL6ST fusion protein (HyperIL6) promotes liver regeneration. Recently, autocrine IL11 activity that also acts via IL6ST but uses ERK rather than STAT3 to signal, was found to be hepatotoxic. Here we examined whether the beneficial effects of HyperIL6 could reflect unappreciated competitive inhibition of IL11-dependent IL6ST signaling. In human and mouse hepatocytes, HyperIL6 reduced N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced cell death independent of STAT3 activation and instead, dose-dependently, inhibited IL11-related signaling and toxicities. In mice, expression of HyperIl6 reduced ERK activation and promoted STAT3-independent hepatic regeneration (PCNA, Cyclin D1, Ki67) following administration of either IL11 or APAP. Inhibition of putative intrinsic IL6 trans-signaling had no effect on liver regeneration in mice. Following APAP, mice deleted for Il11 exhibited spontaneous liver repair but HyperIl6, despite robustly activating STAT3, had no effect on liver regeneration in this strain. These data show that synthetic IL6ST binding proteins such as HyperIL6 can have unexpected, on-target effects and suggest IL11, not IL6, as important for liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fathima F Kuthubudeen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University ofSingapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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21
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Quispe-Orozco D, Farooqui M, Zevallos C, Schafer S, Mendez-Ruiz A, Albers G, Petersen N, Ortega-Gutierrez S. Angiography Suite Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging in Large-Vessel Occlusion Patients Using RAPID Software: A Pilot Study. Stroke 2021; 52:e542-e544. [PMID: 34315250 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Quispe-Orozco
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (D.Q.-O., C.Z., M.F., A.M.-R., S.O.-G.)
| | - Mudassir Farooqui
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (D.Q.-O., C.Z., M.F., A.M.-R., S.O.-G.)
| | - Cynthia Zevallos
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (D.Q.-O., C.Z., M.F., A.M.-R., S.O.-G.)
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Siemens Healthcare, Imaging and Therapy Systems, Forchheim, Germany (S.S.)
| | - Alan Mendez-Ruiz
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (D.Q.-O., C.Z., M.F., A.M.-R., S.O.-G.)
| | - Gregory Albers
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (G.A.)
| | - Nils Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (N.P.)
| | - Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (D.Q.-O., C.Z., M.F., A.M.-R., S.O.-G.)
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22
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Widjaja AA, Dong J, Adami E, Viswanathan S, Ng B, Pakkiri LS, Chothani SP, Singh BK, Lim WW, Zhou J, Shekeran SG, Tan J, Lim SY, Goh J, Wang M, Holgate R, Hearn A, Felkin LE, Yen PM, Dear JW, Drum CL, Schafer S, Cook SA. Redefining IL11 as a regeneration-limiting hepatotoxin and therapeutic target in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/597/eaba8146. [PMID: 34108253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol; APAP) toxicity is a common cause of liver damage. In the mouse model of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI), interleukin 11 (IL11) is highly up-regulated and administration of recombinant human IL11 (rhIL11) has been shown to be protective. Here, we demonstrate that the beneficial effect of rhIL11 in the mouse model of AILI is due to its inhibition of endogenous mouse IL11 activity. Our results show that species-matched IL11 behaves like a hepatotoxin. IL11 secreted from APAP-damaged human and mouse hepatocytes triggered an autocrine loop of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-dependent cell death, which occurred downstream of APAP-initiated mitochondrial dysfunction. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Il11 receptor subunit alpha chain 1 (Il11ra1) in adult mice protected against AILI despite normal APAP metabolism and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Mice with germline deletion of Il11 were also protected from AILI, and deletion of Il1ra1 or Il11 was associated with reduced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and quickly restored GSH concentrations. Administration of a neutralizing IL11RA antibody reduced AILI in mice across genetic backgrounds and promoted survival when administered up to 10 hours after APAP. Inhibition of IL11 signaling was associated with the up-regulation of markers of liver regenerations: cyclins and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as well as with phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) 24 hours after AILI. Our data suggest that species-matched IL11 is a hepatotoxin and that IL11 signaling might be an effective therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Leroy S Pakkiri
- Cardiac Department, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Joyce Goh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mao Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Robert Holgate
- Abzena, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Arron Hearn
- Abzena, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - James W Dear
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Chester L Drum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore. .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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23
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Ng B, Widjaja AA, Viswanathan S, Dong J, Chothani SP, Lim S, Shekeran SG, Tan J, McGregor NE, Walker EC, Sims NA, Schafer S, Cook SA. Similarities and differences between IL11 and IL11RA1 knockout mice for lung fibro-inflammation, fertility and craniosynostosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14088. [PMID: 34239012 PMCID: PMC8266813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of function (LOF) in IL11RA infers IL11 signaling as important for fertility, fibrosis, inflammation and incompletely penetrant craniosynostosis. The impact of LOF in IL11 has not been characterized. We generated IL11 knockout (Il11-/-) mice that are born in expected ratios and have normal hematological profiles. Lung fibroblasts from Il11-/- mice are resistant to pro-fibrotic stimulation with TGFβ1. Following bleomycin-induced lung injury, Il11-/- mice are protected from pulmonary fibrosis and exhibit lesser ERK, STAT3 and NF-kB activation, reduced Il1b, Timp1, Ccl2 and diminished IL6 expression, both at baseline and after injury: placing Il11 activity upstream of IL6 in this model. Il11-/- female mice are infertile. Unlike Il11ra1-/- mice, Il11-/- mice do not have craniosynostosis, have normal long bone mass and reduced body weights. These data further establish the role of IL11 signaling in lung fibrosis while suggesting that bone development abnormalities can be associated with mutation of IL11RA but not IL11, which may have implications for therapeutic targeting of IL11 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Narelle E McGregor
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma C Walker
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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24
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Lee CQE, Kerouanton B, Chothani S, Zhang S, Chen Y, Mantri CK, Hock DH, Lim R, Nadkarni R, Huynh VT, Lim D, Chew WL, Zhong FL, Stroud DA, Schafer S, Tergaonkar V, St John AL, Rackham OJL, Ho L. Coding and non-coding roles of MOCCI (C15ORF48) coordinate to regulate host inflammation and immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2130. [PMID: 33837217 PMCID: PMC8035321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mito-SEPs are small open reading frame-encoded peptides that localize to the mitochondria to regulate metabolism. Motivated by an intriguing negative association between mito-SEPs and inflammation, here we screen for mito-SEPs that modify inflammatory outcomes and report a mito-SEP named "Modulator of cytochrome C oxidase during Inflammation" (MOCCI) that is upregulated during inflammation and infection to promote host-protective resolution. MOCCI, a paralog of the NDUFA4 subunit of cytochrome C oxidase (Complex IV), replaces NDUFA4 in Complex IV during inflammation to lower mitochondrial membrane potential and reduce ROS production, leading to cyto-protection and dampened immune response. The MOCCI transcript also generates miR-147b, which targets the NDUFA4 mRNA with similar immune dampening effects as MOCCI, but simultaneously enhances RIG-I/MDA-5-mediated viral immunity. Our work uncovers a dual-component pleiotropic regulation of host inflammation and immunity by MOCCI (C15ORF48) for safeguarding the host during infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Q. E. Lee
- grid.414735.00000 0004 0367 4692Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baptiste Kerouanton
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Chothani
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Zhang
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chinmay Kumar Mantri
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniella Helena Hock
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Radiance Lim
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhea Nadkarni
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinh Thang Huynh
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daryl Lim
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Leong Chew
- grid.418377.e0000 0004 0620 715XGenome Institute Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Franklin L. Zhong
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Nanyang Technological University, Skin Diseases and Wound Repair Program, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.185448.40000 0004 0637 0221Skin Research Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Arthur Stroud
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.419385.20000 0004 0620 9905National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ashley L. St John
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.189509.c0000000100241216Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| | - Owen J. L. Rackham
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lena Ho
- grid.414735.00000 0004 0367 4692Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Duke-NUS Medical School, Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Singapore, Singapore ,grid.418812.60000 0004 0620 9243Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Corden B, Lim WW, Song W, Chen X, Ko NSJ, Su L, Tee NGZ, Adami E, Schafer S, Cook SA. Therapeutic Targeting of Interleukin-11 Signalling Reduces Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 14:222-228. [PMID: 32592090 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-10054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no specific treatments for cardiac fibrosis. We tested the efficacy of a neutralising anti-IL11 antibody (X203) to reduce cardiac fibrosis in two preclinical models: transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and chronic angiotensin II infusion (AngII). In the first model, male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to TAC for 2 weeks. In the second model, mice received continuous angiotensin II for 4 weeks via subcutaneous pump. In both models, mice received either 20 mg/kg of X203 or isotype-control antibody twice-weekly, starting 24 h after surgery. Cardiac fibrosis and extracellular matrix gene expression were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western blot, histology and collagen (hydroxyproline) assays. In both models, X203 significantly reduced pro-fibrotic gene expression and myocardial fibrosis (TAC: 51% reduction in total collagen, P < 0.001, 39% in perivascular fibrosis, P < 0.001; AngII: 17% reduction in total collagen, P = 0.04, 83% in perivascular fibrosis, P < 0.001). Pharmacological targeting of IL11 reduces cardiac fibrosis in preclinical models. Figa Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Corden
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Weihua Song
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xie Chen
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole G Z Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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26
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Adami E, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Ng B, Chothani S, Zhihao N, Tan J, Lio PM, George BL, Altunoglu U, Ghosh K, Paleja BS, Schafer S, Reversade B, Albani S, Ling ALH, O'Reilly S, Cook SA. IL11 is elevated in systemic sclerosis and IL11-dependent ERK signaling underlies TGFβ-mediated activation of dermal fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5820-5826. [PMID: 33590875 PMCID: PMC8645270 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Interleukin 11 (IL11) is highly upregulated in skin and lung fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here we tested whether IL11 is mechanistically linked with activation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from patients with SSc or controls. Methods We measured serum IL11 levels in volunteers and patients with early diffuse SSc and manipulated IL11 signalling in HDFs using gain- and loss-of-function approaches that we combined with molecular and cellular phenotyping. Results In patients with SSc, serum IL11 levels are elevated as compared with healthy controls. All transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) isoforms induced IL11 secretion from HDFs, which highly express IL11 receptor α-subunit and the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) co-receptor, suggestive of an autocrine loop of IL11 activity in HDFs. IL11 stimulated ERK activation in HDFs and resulted in HDF-to-myofibroblast transformation and extracellular matrix secretion. The pro-fibrotic action of IL11 in HDFs appeared unrelated to STAT3 activity, independent of TGFβ upregulation and was not associated with phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Inhibition of IL11 signalling using either a neutralizing antibody against IL11 or siRNA against IL11RA reduced TGFβ-induced HDF proliferation, matrix production and cell migration, which was phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of ERK. Conclusions These data reveal that autocrine IL11-dependent ERK activity alone or downstream of TGFβ stimulation promotes fibrosis phenotypes in dermal fibroblasts and suggest IL11 as a potential therapeutic target in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nevin Zhihao
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Min Lio
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin L George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University, School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kakaly Ghosh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Bhairav S Paleja
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University, School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Andrea Low Hsiu Ling
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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27
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Lim WW, Corden B, Ye L, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Xie C, Su L, Tee NGZ, Schafer S, Cook SA. Antibody-mediated neutralization of IL11 signalling reduces ERK activation and cardiac fibrosis in a mouse model of severe pressure overload. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:605-613. [PMID: 33462828 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL11) is important for fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformations. Here, we examined the signalling and phenotypic effects of inhibiting IL11 signalling using neutralizing antibodies against IL11 or its cognate receptor (IL11RA) in a mouse model of acute and severe pressure overload. C57BL/6J mice underwent ascending aortic constriction (AAC) surgery and were randomized to anti-IL11, anti-IL11RA, or isotype control antibodies (20 mg/kg, bi-weekly for 2 weeks). AAC surgery induced the expression of IL11, IL11RA and extracellular matrix (ECM) genes that was associated with cardiac hypertrophy and aortic remodelling. Inhibition of IL11 signalling reduced AAC-induced cardiac fibrosis and ECM gene expression as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on cardiac hypertrophy. STAT3 was phosphorylated in the hearts of AAC-treated mice but this was unrelated to IL11 activity, which we confirmed in mouse cardiac fibroblasts in vitro. These data highlight that blocking IL11 signalling reduces cardiac fibrosis due to severe pressure overload and suggests ERK, but not STAT3, activity as the relevant underlying signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ben Corden
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole G Z Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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28
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Dong J, Viswanathan S, Adami E, Singh BK, Chothani SP, Ng B, Lim WW, Zhou J, Tripathi M, Ko NSJ, Shekeran SG, Tan J, Lim SY, Wang M, Lio PM, Yen PM, Schafer S, Cook SA, Widjaja AA. Hepatocyte-specific IL11 cis-signaling drives lipotoxicity and underlies the transition from NAFLD to NASH. Nat Commun 2021; 12:66. [PMID: 33397952 PMCID: PMC7782504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20303-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IL11 is important for fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but its role beyond the stroma in liver disease is unclear. Here, we investigate the role of IL11 in hepatocyte lipotoxicity. Hepatocytes highly express IL11RA and secrete IL11 in response to lipid loading. Autocrine IL11 activity causes hepatocyte death through NOX4-derived ROS, activation of ERK, JNK and caspase-3, impaired mitochondrial function and reduced fatty acid oxidation. Paracrine IL11 activity stimulates hepatic stellate cells and causes fibrosis. In mouse models of NASH, hepatocyte-specific deletion of Il11ra1 protects against liver steatosis, fibrosis and inflammation while reducing serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and limiting obesity. In mice deleted for Il11ra1, restoration of IL11 cis-signaling in hepatocytes reconstitutes steatosis and inflammation but not fibrosis. We found no evidence for the existence of IL6 or IL11 trans-signaling in hepatocytes or NASH. These data show that IL11 modulates hepatocyte metabolism and suggests a mechanism for NAFLD to NASH transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mao Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Min Lio
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Falk KL, Schafer S, Speidel MA, Strother CM. 4D-DSA: Development and Current Neurovascular Applications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:214-220. [PMID: 33243899 PMCID: PMC7872169 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Originally described by Davis et al in 2013, 4D-Digital Subtraction Angiography (4D-DSA) has developed into a commercially available application of DSA in the angiography suite. 4D-DSA provides the user with 3D time-resolved images, allowing observation of a contrast bolus at any desired viewing angle through the vasculature and at any time point during the acquisition (any view at any time). 4D-DSA mitigates some limitations that are intrinsic to both 2D- and 3D-DSA images. The clinical applications for 4D-DSA include evaluations of AVMs and AVFs, intracranial aneurysms, and atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Recent advances in blood flow quantification using 4D-DSA indicate that these data provide both the velocity and geometric information necessary for the quantification of blood flow. In this review, we will discuss the development, acquisition, reconstruction, and current neurovascular applications of 4D-DSA volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Falk
- From the School of Medicine and Public Health (K.L.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.L.R.)
| | - S Schafer
- Siemens Healthineers (S.S.), Malvern, Pennsylvania
| | - M A Speidel
- Medical Physics (M.A.S.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - C M Strother
- Radiology (C.M.S.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ng B, Cook SA, Schafer S. Interleukin-11 signaling underlies fibrosis, parenchymal dysfunction, and chronic inflammation of the airway. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1871-1878. [PMID: 33262481 PMCID: PMC7705429 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00531-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 evolved as part of the innate immune response. In the human lung, IL-11 upregulation has been associated with viral infections and a range of fibroinflammatory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) and other disease factors can initiate an autocrine loop of IL-11 signaling in pulmonary fibroblasts, which, in a largely ERK-dependent manner, triggers the translation of profibrotic proteins. Lung epithelial cells also express the IL-11 receptor and transition into a mesenchymal-like state in response to IL-11 exposure. In mice, therapeutic targeting of IL-11 with antibodies can arrest and reverse bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inflammation. Intriguingly, fibroblast-specific blockade of IL-11 signaling has anti-inflammatory effects, which suggests that lung inflammation is sustained, in part, through IL-11 activity in the stroma. Proinflammatory fibroblasts and their interaction with the damaged epithelium may represent an important but overlooked driver of lung disease. Initially thought of as a protective cytokine, IL-11 is now increasingly recognized as an important determinant of lung fibrosis, inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is upregulated in a wide variety of fibro-inflammatory diseases such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammatory bowel disease, kidney disease, drug-induced liver injury, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. IL-11 is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family and has several distinct properties that define its unique and nonredundant roles in disease. The IL-11 receptor is highly expressed on stromal, epithelial and polarized cells, where noncanonical IL-11 signaling drives the three pathologies common to all fibro-inflammatory diseases-myofibroblast activation, parenchymal cell dysfunction, and inflammation-while also inhibiting tissue regeneration. This cytokine has been little studied, and publications on IL-11 peaked in the early 1990s, when it was largely misunderstood. Here we describe recent advances in our understanding of IL-11 biology, outline how misconceptions as to its function came about, and highlight the large potential of therapies targeting IL-11 signaling for treating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore; , .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 169609 Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore; , .,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 169609 Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Chothani S, Adami E, Ouyang JF, Viswanathan S, Hubner N, Cook SA, Schafer S, Rackham OJL. deltaTE: Detection of Translationally Regulated Genes by Integrative Analysis of Ribo-seq and RNA-seq Data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 129:e108. [PMID: 31763789 PMCID: PMC9285699 DOI: 10.1002/cpmb.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribosome profiling quantifies the genome‐wide ribosome occupancy of transcripts. With the integration of matched RNA sequencing data, the translation efficiency (TE) of genes can be calculated to reveal translational regulation. This layer of gene‐expression regulation is otherwise difficult to assess on a global scale and generally not well understood in the context of human disease. Current statistical methods to calculate differences in TE have low accuracy, cannot accommodate complex experimental designs or confounding factors, and do not categorize genes into buffered, intensified, or exclusively translationally regulated genes. This article outlines a method [referred to as deltaTE (ΔTE), standing for change in TE] to identify translationally regulated genes, which addresses the shortcomings of previous methods. In an extensive benchmarking analysis, ΔTE outperforms all methods tested. Furthermore, applying ΔTE on data from human primary cells allows detection of substantially more translationally regulated genes, providing a clearer understanding of translational regulation in pathogenic processes. In this article, we describe protocols for data preparation, normalization, analysis, and visualization, starting from raw sequencing files. © 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol: One‐step detection and classification of differential translation efficiency genes using DTEG.R Alternate Protocol: Step‐wise detection and classification of differential translation efficiency genes using R Support Protocol: Workflow from raw data to read counts
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - John F Ouyang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, U.K.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, U.K
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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33
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Ng B, Dong J, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Paleja BS, Adami E, Ko NSJ, Wang M, Lim S, Tan J, Chothani SP, Albani S, Schafer S, Cook SA. Fibroblast-specific IL11 signaling drives chronic inflammation in murine fibrotic lung disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:11802-11815. [PMID: 32656894 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001045rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive pulmonary injury causes fibrosis and inflammation that underlies chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Interleukin 11 (IL11) is important for pulmonary fibroblast activation but the contribution of fibroblast-specific IL11 activity to lung fibro-inflammation is not known. To address this gap in knowledge, we generated mice with loxP-flanked Il11ra1 and deleted the IL11 receptor in adult fibroblasts (CKO mice). In the bleomycin (BLM) model of lung fibrosis, CKO mice had reduced fibrosis, lesser fibroblast ERK activation, and diminished immune cell STAT3 phosphorylation. Following BLM injury, acute inflammation in CKO mice was similar to controls but chronic immune infiltrates and pro-inflammatory gene activation, including NF-kB phosphorylation, were notably reduced. Therapeutic prevention of IL11 activity with neutralizing antibodies mirrored the effects of genetic deletion of Il11ra1 in fibroblasts. These data reveal a new function for IL11 in pro-inflammatory lung fibroblasts and highlight the important contribution of the stroma to inflammation in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhairav S Paleja
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mao Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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34
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Kerolus MG, Joshi KC, Johnson AK, Beer-Furlan A, Mangubat EZ, Theessen H, Schafer S, Lopes DK. Co-registration of Intravascular Ultrasound With Angiographic Imaging for Carotid Artery Disease. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:325-331. [PMID: 32777396 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides endoluminal views and cross-sectional images of carotid arteries but lacks overview of vascular territory provided by angiography. Co-registration of IVUS with angiographic images may provide the potential to navigate both imaging modalities in a synchronous manner. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of co-registering both imaging modalities in the carotid vasculature of the neck. METHODS Fourteen patients with 15 cervical carotid artery lesions underwent angiography and subsequent treatment. In each case, an IVUS catheter was advanced to the target lesion and a reference angiography sequence was acquired. This was followed by an electrocardiography-triggered fluoroscopy sequence that was initiated upon IVUS catheter pullback. IVUS data collected during pullback were registered with fluoroscopy and evaluated for error and clinical usability. RESULTS A total of 32 landmarks were identified that demonstrated reasonable agreement during IVUS-angiography co-registration. There was a mean registration error distance of 3.36 mm (SD 2.82 mm) between targets. The longitudinal extent and severity of the disease through the target segment could be easily evaluated after co-registration. CONCLUSION Semiautomatic tracking and co-registration of angiography and IVUS is a new technology and has the potential to increase the use of IVUS in carotid disease and to proivde the opportunity to optimize procedural outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mena G Kerolus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Krishna C Joshi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew K Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - André Beer-Furlan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erwin Z Mangubat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heike Theessen
- Siemens Healthcare, Imaging and Therapy Systems, Forchheim, Germany
| | | | - Demetrius K Lopes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Advocate Aurora Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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35
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Whiffin N, Karczewski KJ, Zhang X, Chothani S, Smith MJ, Evans DG, Roberts AM, Quaife NM, Schafer S, Rackham O, Alföldi J, O'Donnell-Luria AH, Francioli LC, Cook SA, Barton PJR, MacArthur DG, Ware JS. Characterising the loss-of-function impact of 5' untranslated region variants in 15,708 individuals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2523. [PMID: 32461616 PMCID: PMC7253449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are tissue-specific cis-regulators of protein translation. Isolated reports have shown that variants that create or disrupt uORFs can cause disease. Here, in a systematic genome-wide study using 15,708 whole genome sequences, we show that variants that create new upstream start codons, and variants disrupting stop sites of existing uORFs, are under strong negative selection. This selection signal is significantly stronger for variants arising upstream of genes intolerant to loss-of-function variants. Furthermore, variants creating uORFs that overlap the coding sequence show signals of selection equivalent to coding missense variants. Finally, we identify specific genes where modification of uORFs likely represents an important disease mechanism, and report a novel uORF frameshift variant upstream of NF2 in neurofibromatosis. Our results highlight uORF-perturbing variants as an under-recognised functional class that contribute to penetrant human disease, and demonstrate the power of large-scale population sequencing data in studying non-coding variant classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Whiffin
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Konrad J Karczewski
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sonia Chothani
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Miriam J Smith
- NW Genomic Laboratory Hub, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Science, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- NW Genomic Laboratory Hub, Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Science, St Mary's Hospital, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Angharad M Roberts
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Nicholas M Quaife
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Owen Rackham
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jessica Alföldi
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anne H O'Donnell-Luria
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Laurent C Francioli
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stuart A Cook
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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36
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Corden B, Adami E, Sweeney M, Schafer S, Cook SA. IL-11 in cardiac and renal fibrosis: Late to the party but a central player. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1695-1708. [PMID: 32022251 PMCID: PMC7070163 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathophysiological hallmark of cardiorenal disease. In the heart, fibrosis leads to contractile dysfunction and arrhythmias; in the kidney, it is the final common pathway for many diseases and predicts end-stage renal failure. Despite this, there are currently no specific anti-fibrotic treatments available for cardiac or renal disease. Recently and unexpectedly, IL-11 was found to be of major importance for cardiorenal fibroblast activation and fibrosis. In mouse models, IL-11 overexpression caused fibrosis of the heart and kidney while genetic deletion of Il11ra1 protected against fibrosis and preserved organ function. Neutralizing antibodies against IL-11 or IL-11RA have been developed that have anti-fibrotic activity in human fibroblasts and protect against fibrosis in murine models of disease. While IL-11 biology has been little studied and, we suggest, largely misunderstood, its autocrine activity in myofibroblasts appears non-redundant for fibrosis, which offers new opportunities to better understand and potentially target cardiorenal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Corden
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Mark Sweeney
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingapore
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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37
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Zhou J, Ng B, Ko NSJ, Fiedler LR, Khin E, Lim A, Sahib NE, Wu Y, Chothani SP, Schafer S, Bay BH, Sinha RA, Cook SA, Yen PM. Titin truncations lead to impaired cardiomyocyte autophagy and mitochondrial function in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:1971-1981. [PMID: 30715350 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Titin-truncating variants (TTNtv) are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. TTNtv occur in ~1% of the general population and causes subclinical cardiac remodeling in asymptomatic carriers. In rat models with either proximal or distal TTNtv, we previously showed altered cardiac metabolism at baseline and impaired cardiac function in response to stress. However, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying these effects remains unknown. In the current study, we used rat models of TTNtv to investigate the effect of TTNtv on autophagy and mitochondrial function, which are essential for maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis and cardiac function. In both the proximal and distal TTNtv rat models, we found increased levels of LC3B-II and p62 proteins, indicative of diminished autophagic degradation. The accumulation of autophagosomes and p62 protein in cardiomyocytes was also demonstrated by electron microscopy and immunochemistry, respectively. Impaired autophagy in the TTNtv heart was associated with increased phosphorylation of mTOR and decreased protein levels of the lysosomal protease, cathepsin B. In addition, TTNtv hearts showed mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased oxygen consumption rate in cardiomyocytes, increased levels of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial protein ubiquitination. We also observed increased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins associated with decreased NAD+/NADH ratio in the TTNtv hearts. mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, was able to rescue the impaired autophagy in TTNtv hearts. In summary, TTNtv leads to impaired autophagy and mitochondrial function in the heart. These changes not only provide molecular mechanisms that underlie TTNtv-associated ventricular remodeling but also offer potential targets for its intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole S J Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorna R Fiedler
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ester Khin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norliza E Sahib
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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38
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Eisenmenger L, Capel K, Garrett J, Li K, Li Y, Ahmed A, Niemann D, Griner D, Samaniego E, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Derdeyn C, Schafer S, Strother C, Chen GH, Aagaard Kienitz B. Abstract 55: Comparison of Sequential Multi-Detector CT and Cone-Beam CT Perfusion Maps in 54 Subjects With an Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Time from diagnostic imaging to groin puncture highly correlates with outcome and often accounts for delays between hospital arrival and EVT. Our study comparing image quality and information content of MDCTP and CBCTP provides feasibility data for selected AIS patients to go straight to the angio-suite for comprehensive imaging and treatment.
Methods:
AIS patients eligible for EVT underwent MDCTP, then a CBCTP study on arrival in angio-suite. Of 939 admitted June 2017-April 2019, 226 (24%) received EVT. Of these 54 (35%) were enrolled to receive additional CBCTP imaging. Inability to obtain consent and co-morbidities were major causes for non-enrollment. Times from the start of MDCTP to angio-suite and from angio-suite arrival to first arterial image were recorded. Acquired CBCTP data were reconstructed and processed with an in-house toolbox. MDCTP and CBCTP data were matched for slice thickness and angulation and were processed using RAPID CTP (iSchemaView, Inc.). The rCBF, rCBV, MTT, tMAX maps were randomized to generate 3 unique evaluation sets. 3 neuroradiologists scored diagnostic image quality, artifacts, mismatch pattern detection and EVT indication using 5-point Likert scales. Stroke laterality was compared with the clinical standard for diagnostic accuracy.
Results:
Accuracies for stroke diagnosis are 97% [95%, 97%] with MDCTP and 92% [90%, 95%] with CBCTP. Cohen’s Kappa between observers is 0.90 for MDCTP-based diagnosis and 0.89 for CBCTP-based diagnosis. Scores of CBCTP to make the stroke diagnosis, detect mismatch pattern, and make treatment decision were non-inferior to corresponding scores for MDCTP (alpha=0.05) within 10% of the whole score range. Subjective scores of MDCTP for image quality and artifacts were slightly superior to those of CBCTP (1.8 vs. 2.3, p<0.01).
Conclusions:
In this study, a direct to angio-suite workflow provided non-inferior perfusion imaging for AIS patient triage while saving nearly one hour per patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ke Li
- Univ of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Ortega-Gutierrez S, Quispe-Orozco D, Schafer S, Aagaard Kienitz B, Strother C, Chen GH, Garrett J, Holcombe A, Lopez G, Zevallos C, Samaniego E, Dandapat S, Asi K, Derdeyn C. Abstract TP76: Quantitative Comparison of Multidetector CT and Cone-Beam CT Perfusion Maps in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy. Stroke 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/str.51.suppl_1.tp76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral perfusion evaluation using CT or MR perfusion is the gold standard modality to select large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke patients presenting >6 hours from symptom onset. The availability of cone beam C-arm CT perfusion (CBCTP) in angiography suites could reduce time to endovascular revascularization. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of using CBCTP when compared to multidetector CT perfusion (MDCTP). In this prospective, single-arm, interventional study, 14 LVO anterior circulation thrombectomy patients underwent both a 128 slice MDCTP in the ED and a CBCTP <30 minutes apart prior to groin puncture. CBCTP was acquired using a prototype acquisition mode enabling 10 consecutive C-Arm rotations with nearly continuous data acquisition. A total of 60 cc of contrast layered with 60 cc of saline were injected covering arterial inflow, parenchymal phase and venous outflow. Image data was reconstructed into CBF, CBV, MTT and TTP maps. Three types of measurements were used to compare modalities. In measurement 1, 6 circular regions of interest (ROI) (400mm
2
) were placed in the anterior arterial territory. In measurement 2, circular ROIs were placed in the ASPECTS regions (cortical 300mm
2
, subcortical 200mm
2
). In measurement 3, a ROI was drawn around the entire affected area. All ROIs were placed in the basal ganglia and supraganglionic level of both brain sides. Rates (unaffected/affected area) between MDCTP and CBCTP were compared for all sequences. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated using a single rater, consistency, two-way random-effects model. Measurement 1 found a moderate degree of agreement between MDCTP and CBCTP in CBF, CBV, MTT and TTP rates with ICCs of 0.58 (CI 0.42 - 0.69), 0.65 (CI 0.53 - 0.74), 0.77 (CI 0.68 - 0.83) and 0.52 (CI 0.35 - 0.65). In measurement 2, moderate agreement was found in CBF, CBV and MTT rates; with ICCs of 0.51 (CI 0.32 - 0.65), 0.57 (CI 0.4 - 0.69) and 0.62 (CI 0.47 - 0.73). The results of measurement 3 found an excellent (ICC=0.95, CI 0.88 - 0.98), good (ICC=0.83, CI 0.62 - 0.9) and moderate (ICC=0.7, CI 0.34 - 0.87), degree of agreement in the CBV, MTT and CBF rates, respectively. These results demonstrate promising accuracy of CBCTP in the evaluating ischemic tissue in patient presenting with LVO acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Charles Strother
- Univ of Wisconsin Sch of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | | | - John Garrett
- Univ of Wisconsin Sch of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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40
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Lim WW, Ng B, Widjaja A, Xie C, Su L, Ko N, Lim SY, Kwek XY, Lim S, Cook SA, Schafer S. Transgenic interleukin 11 expression causes cross-tissue fibro-inflammation and an inflammatory bowel phenotype in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227505. [PMID: 31917819 PMCID: PMC6952089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 11 (IL11) is a profibrotic cytokine, secreted by myofibroblasts and damaged epithelial cells. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) also secrete IL11 under pathological conditions and express the IL11 receptor. Here we examined the effects of SMC-specific, conditional expression of murine IL11 in a transgenic mouse (Il11SMC). Within days of transgene activation, Il11SMC mice developed loose stools and progressive bleeding and rectal prolapse, which was associated with a 65% mortality by two weeks. The bowel of Il11SMC mice was inflamed, fibrotic and had a thickened wall, which was accompanied by activation of ERK and STAT3. In other organs, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney and skin there was a phenotypic spectrum of fibro-inflammation, together with consistent ERK activation. To investigate further the importance of stromal-derived IL11 in the inflammatory bowel phenotype we used a second model with fibroblast-specific expression of IL11, the Il11Fib mouse. This additional model largely phenocopied the Il11SMC bowel phenotype. These data show that IL11 secretion from the stromal niche is sufficient to drive inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Given that IL11 expression in colonic stromal cells predicts anti-TNF therapy failure in patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, we suggest IL11 as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anissa Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Ko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze-Yun Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart Alexander Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England, United Kingdom
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Falk KL, Harvey EC, Schafer S, Speidel MA, Strother CM. Optimizing the Quality of 4D-DSA Temporal Information. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:2124-2129. [PMID: 31672837 PMCID: PMC6975361 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quantification of blood flow using a 4D-DSA would be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. A protocol optimizing identification of density variations in the time-density curves of a 4D-DSA has not been defined. Our purpose was to determine the contrast injection protocol most likely to result in the optimal pulsatility signal strength. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two 3D-printed patient-specific models were used and connected to a pulsatile pump and flow system, which delivered 250-260 mL/min to the model. Contrast medium (Isovue, 370 mg I/mL, 75% dilution) was injected through a 6F catheter positioned upstream from the inlet of the model. 4D-DSA acquisitions were performed for the following injection rates: 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mL/s for 8 seconds. To determine pulsatility, we analyzed the time-density curve at the inlets using the oscillation amplitude and a previously described numeric metric, the sideband ratio. Vascular geometry from 4D-DSA reconstructions was compared with ground truth and micro-CT measurements of the model. Dimensionless numbers that characterize hemodynamics, Reynolds and Craya-Curtet, were calculated for each injection rate. RESULTS The strongest pulsatility signal occurred with the 2.5 mL/s injections. The largest oscillation amplitudes were found with 2.0- and 2.5-mL/s injections. Geometric accuracy was best preserved with injection rates of >1.5 mL/s. CONCLUSIONS An injection rate of 2.5 mL/s provided the strongest pulsatility signal in the 4D-DSA time-density curve. Geometric accuracy was best preserved with injection rates above 1.5 mL/s. These results may be useful in future in vivo studies of blood flow quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Falk
- From the Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.L.R.)
| | - E C Harvey
- Department of Medical Physics (E.H., M.A.S.)
| | - S Schafer
- Siemens Healthineers Forchheim Germany (S.S.), Hoffman Estates, Illinois
| | - M A Speidel
- Department of Medical Physics (E.H., M.A.S.)
| | - C M Strother
- Department of Radiology (C.M.S.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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42
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Ng B, Dong J, D’Agostino G, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Lim WW, Ko NSJ, Tan J, Chothani SP, Huang B, Xie C, Pua CJ, Chacko AM, Guimarães-Camboa N, Evans SM, Byrne AJ, Maher TM, Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW, Schafer S, Cook SA. Interleukin-11 is a therapeutic target in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/511/eaaw1237. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease where invasive pulmonary myofibroblasts secrete collagen and destroy lung integrity. Here, we show that interleukin-11 (IL11) is up-regulated in the lung of patients with IPF, associated with disease severity, and IL-11 is secreted from IPF fibroblasts. In vitro, IL-11 stimulates lung fibroblasts to become invasive actin alpha 2, smooth muscle–positive (ACTA2+), collagen-secreting myofibroblasts in an extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)–dependent, posttranscriptional manner. In mice, fibroblast-specific transgenic expression or administration of murine IL-11 induces lung myofibroblasts and causes lung fibrosis. IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 (Il11ra1)–deleted mice, whose lung fibroblasts are unresponsive to profibrotic stimulation, are protected from fibrosis in the bleomycin mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. We generated an IL-11–neutralizing antibody that blocks lung fibroblast activation downstream of multiple stimuli and reverses myofibroblast activation. In therapeutic studies, anti–IL-11 treatment diminished lung inflammation and reversed lung fibrosis while inhibiting ERK and SMAD activation in mice. These data prioritize IL-11 as a drug target for lung fibrosis and IPF.
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. Author Correction: WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4085. [PMID: 31501434 PMCID: PMC6733793 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Widjaja AA, Singh BK, Adami E, Viswanathan S, Dong J, D'Agostino GA, Ng B, Lim WW, Tan J, Paleja BS, Tripathi M, Lim SY, Shekeran SG, Chothani SP, Rabes A, Sombetzki M, Bruinstroop E, Min LP, Sinha RA, Albani S, Yen PM, Schafer S, Cook SA. Inhibiting Interleukin 11 Signaling Reduces Hepatocyte Death and Liver Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Steatosis in Mouse Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:777-792.e14. [PMID: 31078624 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We studied the role of interleukin 11 (IL11) signaling in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), hepatocytes, and mouse models of NASH. METHODS We stimulated mouse and human fibroblasts, HSCs, or hepatocytes with IL11 and other cytokines and analyzed them by imaging, immunoblot, and functional assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mice were given injections of IL11. Mice with disruption of the interleukin 11 receptor subunit alpha1 gene (Il11ra1-/-) mice and Il11ra1+/+ mice were fed a high-fat methionine- and choline-deficient diet (HFMCD) or a Western diet with liquid fructose (WDF) to induce steatohepatitis; control mice were fed normal chow. db/db mice were fed with methionine- and choline-deficient diet for 12 weeks and C57BL/6 NTac were fed with HFMCD for 10 weeks or WDF for 16 weeks. Some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of anti-IL11 (X203), anti-IL11RA (X209), or a control antibody at different timepoints on the diets. Livers and blood were collected; blood samples were analyzed by biochemistry and liver tissues were analyzed by histology, RNA sequencing, immunoblots, immunohistochemistry, hydroxyproline, and mass cytometry time of flight assays. RESULTS HSCs incubated with cytokines produced IL11, resulting in activation (phosphorylation) of ERK and expression of markers of fibrosis. Livers of mice given injections of IL11 became damaged, with increased markers of fibrosis, hepatocyte cell death and inflammation. Following the HFMCD or WDF, livers from Il11ra1-/- mice had reduced steatosis, fibrosis, expression of markers of inflammation and steatohepatitis, compared to and Il11ra1+/+ mice on the same diets. Depending on the time of administration of anti-IL11 or anti-IL11RA antibodies to wild-type mice on the HFMCD or WDF, or to db/db mice on the methionine and choline-deficient diet, the antibodies prevented, stopped, or reversed development of fibrosis and steatosis. Blood samples from Il11ra1+/+ mice fed the WDF and given injections of anti-IL11 or anti-IL11RA, as well as from Il11ra1-/- mice fed WDF, had lower serum levels of lipids and glucose than mice not injected with antibody or with disruption of Il11ra1. CONCLUSIONS Neutralizing antibodies that block IL11 signaling reduce fibrosis, steatosis, hepatocyte death, inflammation and hyperglycemia in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis. These antibodies also improve the cardiometabolic profile of mice and might be developed for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Brijesh K Singh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jinrui Dong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Giuseppe A D'Agostino
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wen Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhairav S Paleja
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Madhulika Tripathi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sze Yun Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamini Guna Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sonia P Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anne Rabes
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Sombetzki
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eveline Bruinstroop
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lio Pei Min
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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45
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3616. [PMID: 31399586 PMCID: PMC6689010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a final common pathology in inherited and acquired heart diseases that causes cardiac electrical and pump failure. Here, we use systems genetics to identify a pro-fibrotic gene network in the diseased heart and show that this network is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, specifically by the WWP2-N terminal isoform. Importantly, the WWP2-regulated pro-fibrotic gene network is conserved across different cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis: human and murine dilated cardiomyopathy and repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Transgenic mice lacking the N-terminal region of the WWP2 protein show improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload or myocardial infarction. In primary cardiac fibroblasts, WWP2 positively regulates the expression of pro-fibrotic markers and extracellular matrix genes. TGFβ1 stimulation promotes nuclear translocation of the WWP2 isoforms containing the N-terminal region and their interaction with SMAD2. WWP2 mediates the TGFβ1-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity of SMAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Speidel MA, Burton CS, Nikolau EP, Schafer S, Laeseke PF. Prototype system for interventional dual-energy subtraction angiography. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 2019; 10951. [PMID: 32669753 DOI: 10.1117/12.2512956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy subtraction angiography (DESA) using fast kV switching has received attention for its potential to reduce misregistration artifacts in thoracic and abdominal imaging where patient motion is difficult to control; however, commercial interventional solutions are not currently available. The purpose of this work was to adapt an x-ray angiography system for 2D and 3D DESA. The platform for the dual-energy prototype was a commercially available x-ray angiography system with a flat panel detector and an 80 kW x-ray tube. Fast kV switching was implemented using custom x-ray tube control software that follows a user-defined switching program during a rotational acquisition. Measurements made with a high temporal resolution kV meter were used to calibrate the relationship between the requested and achieved kV and pulse width. To enable practical 2D and 3D imaging experiments, an automatic exposure control algorithm was developed to estimate patient thickness and select a dual-energy switching technique (kV and ms switching) that delivers a user-specified task CNR at the minimum air kerma to the interventional reference point. An XCAT-based simulation study conducted to evaluate low and high energy image registration for the scenario of 30-60 frame/s pulmonary angiography with respiratory motion found normalized RMSE values ranging from 0.16% to 1.06% in tissue-subtracted DESA images, depending on respiratory phase and frame rate. Initial imaging in a porcine model with a 60 kV, 10 ms, 325 mA / 120 kV, 3.2 ms, 325 mA switching technique demonstrated an ability to form tissue-subtracted images from a single contrast-enhanced acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Speidel
- Dept. of Medical Physics, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ethan P Nikolau
- Dept. of Medical Physics, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Paul F Laeseke
- Dept. of Radiology, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ozturk M, Moore K, Schafer S, Brace C, Hinshaw J, Lee F, Wagner M, Speidel M, Laeseke P. 04:03 PM Abstract No. 293 Cone-beam CT with augmented fluoroscopy: a novel approach for navigating airways and guiding transbronchial interventions. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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48
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Bodell B, Schafer S, Back M, Hohenwalter E, Patel P, White S, Rossi P, Hieb R. 04:21 PM Abstract No. 72 A prospective study evaluating a novel class of software for quantifying successful tissue perfusion during lower extremity endovascular stent placement. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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49
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Garrett JW, Li Y, Li K, Wu Y, Johnson K, Schafer S, Chen GH. Quantification of temporal resolution improvement factor in SMART-RECON based time-resolved C-arm Cone beam computed tomography angiography (TR-CBCTA). Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:19NT02. [PMID: 30196276 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aadfef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In a recently published paper by Li et al (2018 Phys. Med. Biol. 63 075001), reconstruction parameters were optimized for the so-called synchronized multiArtifact reduction with tomographic reconstruction (SMART-RECON) method to enable time-resolved Cone beam computed tomography angiography (TR-CBCTA) from a single short-scan CBCT data set. However, the paper did not quantitatively address how much temporal resolution can be improved by using the SMART-RECON algorithm in TR-CBCTA. The purpose of this note was to present a method to quantify this temporal resolution improvement factor and to use that method to quantify the improvement in temporal resolution using SMART-RECON and optimized reconstruction parameters. In the method proposed in this note, the potential temporal blurring caused by SMART-RECON was modeled as a convolution between a temporal Gaussian blurring kernel and the ground truth temporal enhancement curve. The width parameter of the resulting Gaussian blurring kernel was used as a surrogate metric for temporal resolution to quantify the achievable temporal resolution for the conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) and SMART-RECON methods. The ratio of the surrogate temporal resolutions for the two reconstruction methods was calculated to quantify the factor of temporal resolution improvement. The quantitative results show that the temporal resolution is improved by a factor of 4.5 using SMART-RECON compared with FBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Garrett
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53705, United States of America. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53792, United States of America
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50
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Wu Y, Shaughnessy G, Hoffman CA, Oberstar EL, Schafer S, Schubert T, Ruedinger KL, Davis BJ, Mistretta CA, Strother CM, Speidel MA. Quantification of Blood Velocity with 4D Digital Subtraction Angiography Using the Shifted Least-Squares Method. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:1871-1877. [PMID: 30213811 PMCID: PMC6177311 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4D-DSA provides time-resolved 3D-DSA volumes with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate a shifted least squares method to estimate the blood velocity from the 4D DSA images. Quantitative validation was performed using a flow phantom with an ultrasonic flow probe as ground truth. Quantification of blood velocity in human internal carotid arteries was compared with measurements generated from 3D phase-contrast MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The centerlines of selected vascular segments and the time concentration curves of each voxel along the centerlines were determined from the 4D-DSA dataset. The temporal shift required to achieve a minimum difference between any point and other points along the centerline of a segment was calculated. The temporal shift as a function of centerline point position was fit to a straight line to generate the velocity. The proposed shifted least-squares method was first validated using a flow phantom study. Blood velocities were also estimated in the 14 ICAs of human subjects who had both 4D-DSA and phase-contrast MR imaging studies. Linear regression and correlation analysis were performed on both the phantom study and clinical study, respectively. RESULTS Mean velocities of the flow phantom calculated from 4D-DSA matched very well with ultrasonic flow probe measurements with 11% relative root mean square error. Mean blood velocities of ICAs calculated from 4D-DSA correlated well with phase-contrast MR imaging measurements with Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.835. CONCLUSIONS The availability of 4D-DSA provides the opportunity to use the shifted least-squares method to estimate velocity in vessels within a 3D volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.)
| | - G Shaughnessy
- From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.)
| | - C A Hoffman
- From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.)
| | | | | | - T Schubert
- Radiology (C.A.M., C.M.S., T.S.).,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.S.), Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - B J Davis
- Biomedical Engineering (E.L.O., K.L.R., B.J.D.)
| | - C A Mistretta
- From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.).,Radiology (C.A.M., C.M.S., T.S.)
| | | | - M A Speidel
- From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.).,Medicine (M.A.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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